WO2010038536A1 - X線ct装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2010038536A1 WO2010038536A1 PCT/JP2009/063285 JP2009063285W WO2010038536A1 WO 2010038536 A1 WO2010038536 A1 WO 2010038536A1 JP 2009063285 W JP2009063285 W JP 2009063285W WO 2010038536 A1 WO2010038536 A1 WO 2010038536A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) apparatus, and more particularly, to a technique for smoothing data acquired at the time of imaging using an adaptive filter and reducing artifacts of a CT image.
- X-ray CT Computed Tomography
- the X-ray CT apparatus is an apparatus that obtains a tomographic image of a subject (hereinafter referred to as a CT image) by calculating an X-ray absorption coefficient at each point from X-ray projection data obtained by imaging the subject from multiple directions.
- CT images acquired from this apparatus can diagnose a patient's medical condition accurately and immediately in a medical field, and are clinically useful.
- a certain amount of exposure is involved.
- the effects of exposure on the human body are regarded as a problem, and the need for low exposure is increasing.
- the lower the dose to achieve low exposure the lower the signal intensity to noise ratio (hereinafter referred to as the S / N ratio), and the linear artifact (hereinafter referred to as the cause of misdiagnosis). , Streak artifacts).
- streak artifacts may occur due to the subject to be photographed.
- normal dose imaging when the chest or abdomen is imaged with both arms on the body side, a large amount of X-rays are absorbed in the direction connecting both arms, and the signal amount decreases. For this reason, there is a problem that streak artifacts are not generated due to a decrease in the S / N ratio, and an image with good image quality cannot be obtained.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose an adaptive filter. This filter performs a smoothing process on the projection data acquired at the time of photographing to reduce noise that is the main cause of artifacts.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for uniformly smoothing X-ray detection data for each channel and reducing artifacts.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for smoothing projection data from filter weights calculated for each channel using a noise distribution ⁇ approximated from projection data.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a CT image in which artifacts are reduced by performing a smoothing process according to a subject.
- the X-ray CT apparatus of the present invention includes an X-ray generation unit that generates X-rays, an X-ray detection unit that detects X-rays after transmission through an object and generates X-ray detection data, and logs X-ray detection data to Log A projection data calculation unit that generates projection data by conversion, a filter processing unit that smoothes at least one of the X-ray detection data and the projection data, and a distribution of X-ray absorption coefficients from the projection data acquired by the filter processing unit An image calculation unit for calculating a certain CT image.
- the filter processing unit generates boundary data using at least a part of the X-ray detection data and the projection data, and smoothes at least one of the X-ray detection data and the projection data using the boundary data as a threshold value.
- the smoothing process is performed using the X-ray detection data transmitted through the subject or the boundary data created from the projection data as a threshold value, the smoothing process adapted to the subject can be performed, and the spatial resolution can be improved. Artifacts can be removed while suppressing deterioration.
- the filter processing unit compares X-ray detection data or projection data with boundary data, and switches the degree of smoothing according to the magnitude relationship. Specifically, the projection data and the boundary data are compared, and if the area where the projection data is smaller than the boundary data is not smoothed, the area where the projection data is greater than or equal to the boundary data is the difference between the projection data and the boundary data. It can be set as the structure which performs the smoothing process according to. Alternatively, the X-ray detection data is compared with the boundary data, and the region where the X-ray detection data is larger than the boundary data is not smoothed, and the region where the X-ray detection data is equal to or less than the boundary data is compared with the X-ray detection data.
- the structure which performs the smoothing process according to the difference with boundary data can be set as the structure which performs the smoothing process according to the difference with boundary data.
- the upper boundary data and the lower boundary data are set, and the area below the upper boundary or above the lower boundary data is subjected to a smoothing process according to the difference between the projection data or the X-ray detection data and each boundary data. It can be set as the structure to perform. In this way, by switching the degree of smoothing according to the magnitude relationship between the X-ray detection data or projection data and the boundary data, the noise component is strongly smoothed, and the spatial resolution deterioration due to smoothing is suppressed for components other than noise. it can.
- the filter processing unit can generate boundary data by smoothing the X-ray detection data or the projection data. As a result, boundary data adapted to the characteristics of the subject can be generated. By using this boundary data, noise components and other components can be accurately distinguished by threshold processing.
- the boundary data can be generated by setting a region below a predetermined threshold as a filter application range and smoothing the X-ray detection data in the filter application range. . Since the region where the X-ray detection data is smaller than the threshold is likely to contain noise, generating the boundary data using this region as the filter application range can effectively smooth the region that is likely to contain noise and suppress artifacts. . Since the smoothing process is not performed on the outer region of the filter application range, it is possible to suppress the degradation of the spatial resolution and reduce the calculation amount and the memory amount.
- boundary data is generated from projection data, an area equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold is set as a filter application range, and the projection data in the filter application range is smoothed. As a result, the same effect can be obtained.
- boundary data Two or more types can be used. For example, after smoothing X-ray detection data in a region below a predetermined first threshold in the X-ray detection data, first boundary data is generated by performing Log transformation, and a predetermined second threshold in the projection data is generated. Second boundary data is generated by smoothing the projection data in the above region.
- the projection data can be smoothed by selectively using one of the first boundary data and the second boundary data. When selecting, it is possible to obtain the rate of change of the first boundary data and the rate of change of the second boundary data, and select the smaller rate of change.
- the rate of change can be obtained in the channel direction, and the first boundary data or the second boundary data can be selected for each channel.
- the first boundary data generated by performing the Log transformation after the X-ray detection data is smoothed is used.
- the projection data can be smoothed using the second boundary data generated by smoothing the projection data. It is.
- smoothing can be performed using the first boundary data for the region with the least amount of X-rays and the highest noise, and the second boundary data for the region with less noise outside the first region.
- the CT apparatus of the present invention can be configured to further include a noise detection unit that detects the noise value of the CT image.
- the filter processing unit can reduce the noise by changing the condition of the smoothing process. For example, the condition of the smoothing process is changed by changing the value of the boundary data.
- the CT apparatus of the present invention can be configured to estimate artifacts before imaging.
- an input unit that receives an X-ray irradiation condition of the X-ray generation unit, a processing condition of the filter processing unit, and a subject part, an X-ray irradiation condition, a processing condition of the filter processing unit, and an artifact previously obtained for each subject part
- a storage unit that stores the remaining amount of the image, an X-ray irradiation condition received by the input unit, a processing condition of the filter processing unit, and an artifact estimation unit that reads the artifact remaining amount corresponding to the subject region information from the storage unit, To do.
- the artifact estimation unit notifies the operator when the artifact remaining amount is larger than a predetermined value.
- the operator can know the remaining amount of artifact estimated before imaging, and can know appropriate X-ray irradiation conditions, filter processing conditions, and the like.
- the filter processing unit can be configured to automatically change the smoothing process condition.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the flow of functions and operations of each unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a shooting condition setting monitor screen 141 of the shooting condition input unit 101 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an adaptive filter unit 135a according to the first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart illustrating a processing flow of an adaptive filter unit 135a according to the first embodiment. Explanatory drawing for demonstrating the flow of a process of the adaptive filter part 135a in Embodiment 1, and the data obtained at that time.
- FIG. 6 is a graph for explaining the relationship between the product of the absorption coefficient and the transmission path length with respect to the ratio of the number of X-ray photons in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a procedure for creating first boundary projection data from the projection data after Log conversion and performing a smoothing process in the first embodiment.
- 5 is a flowchart for explaining a procedure for smoothing X-ray detection data using first boundary data in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a function and operation flow of an image generation unit 103 according to Embodiment 3.
- 10 is a flowchart for explaining a processing flow of smoothing by an adaptive filter unit 135a according to the third embodiment.
- the apparatus of FIG. 1 includes an input unit 101 for inputting imaging conditions such as X-ray irradiation conditions and adaptive filter conditions, an imaging unit 102 for performing imaging control and X-ray irradiation and detection, and for detected signals. And an image generating unit 103 that performs correction and image reconstruction and outputs an image.
- the input unit 101 and the image generation unit 103 are not necessarily configured integrally with the apparatus.
- an input unit and an image generation unit that are remotely arranged are connected to the apparatus via a network to perform input processing and Image generation processing may be performed.
- the input unit 101 includes an imaging condition input unit such as a keyboard 111, a mouse 112, a pen tablet, and a touch panel, a central processing unit 114, and a storage unit such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) device 115, for example.
- the central processing unit 114, the memory 113, and the HDD unit 115 process data input from the keyboard 111, the mouse 112, and the like by developing and starting a predetermined program. As a result, the central processing unit 114 sends a control signal to the imaging unit 102.
- Each component of the input unit 101 is connected by a data bus 104a.
- the imaging unit 102 includes an X-ray tube 1, a gantry 3, and a table 5, and an X-ray controller 117, a gantry controller 116, and a table controller 118 that perform control during these operations.
- the imaging unit 102 further includes an X-ray tube 1 and an X-ray detector 2 that perform X-ray irradiation and detection.
- a typical example of the distance between the X-ray generation point of the X-ray tube 1 and the X-ray input surface of the X-ray detector 2 is 1000 [mm].
- a circular opening 7 for arranging the subject 6 and the table 5 is provided in the center of the gantry 3.
- a typical example of the diameter of the opening 7 is 700 [mm].
- a typical example of the time required for rotation of the rotating plate 4 is 1.0 [s].
- the X-ray detector 2 a known X-ray detector 2 composed of a scintillator and a photodiode is used.
- the X-ray detector 2 has a large number of detection elements (not shown) in an arc shape equidistant from the X-ray tube 1, and a typical example of the number of elements (hereinafter referred to as the number of channels) is 950.
- a typical example of the size of each detection element in the channel direction is 1 [mm].
- the number of times of photographing in one rotation of the photographing unit 102 is 900, and one photographing is performed every time the rotating plate 4 rotates 0.4 degrees.
- the specifications are not limited to these values, and can be variously changed according to the configuration of the X-ray CT apparatus.
- the image generation unit 103 includes a data collection system (DAS; Data Acquisition System) 119, a memory 120, a central processing unit 121, an HDD device 122, and a monitor 123.
- a signal detected by the X-ray detector 2 of the imaging unit 102 is converted into a digital signal by the DAS 119.
- the central processing unit 121 and the memory 120 perform correction and image reconstruction on the digital signal by developing and starting a predetermined program.
- the HDD device 122 and the like store and input / output data.
- the reconstructed CT image is displayed on a monitor 123 such as a liquid crystal display or a CRT.
- Each component of the image generation unit 103 is connected by a data bus 103a.
- the input unit 101 of the X-ray CT apparatus of FIG. 1 functions as an imaging condition input unit 131 for inputting imaging conditions.
- the imaging unit 102 functions as an imaging control unit 132 that controls imaging based on the imaging conditions input by the imaging condition input unit 131 and an imaging execution unit 133 that performs irradiation and detection of X-rays.
- the image generation unit 103 includes a signal collection unit 134 that converts a detected signal into a digital signal, a correction processing unit 135 that corrects the digital signal, and a reconstruction processing unit that reconstructs an image from the corrected projection data. 136 and functions as an image display unit 137 that outputs a reconstructed CT image.
- an adaptive filter unit 135a that performs adaptive filter processing is arranged.
- the shooting condition input unit 131 displays a monitor screen 141 for receiving input of shooting conditions as shown in FIG. 3 on the monitor 123 via the central processing unit 121 and the like.
- the operator uses the mouse 112, the keyboard 111, and the like to set imaging conditions such as an imaging region, tube voltage, and tube current amount.
- the imaging condition setting monitor screen 141 is used to set an imaging region selection list 142 for selecting an imaging region and a tube voltage and a tube current amount corresponding to the energy and output amount of X-rays to be irradiated.
- X-ray condition setting unit 143, adaptive filter application presence / absence setting unit 144, filter application direction selection unit 145, and adaptive filter mode selection unit 146 that determines the degree of smoothing of the filter. Yes.
- the operator selects an imaging part from the imaging part selection list 142.
- the chest, abdomen, head, neck, spine, hip joint, limb, etc. can be selected as the site.
- tissue such as not only a site
- the operator specifies the tube voltage and the amount of tube current.
- a typical example of the tube voltage value is 120 [kV]
- a typical example of the tube current amount is 200 [mAs].
- X-rays having one type of energy spectrum are assumed, but in multi-energy CT using two or more types of X-rays, setting is similarly performed by adding items of tube voltage and tube current amount. It can be performed.
- the operator selects a direction to be applied from three dimensions: a channel direction, a projection angle direction, and a slice direction.
- the application direction is not limited to one direction, and two or more directions such as a channel direction and a projection angle direction can be selected as shown in FIG. Further, the application directions are three-dimensional (three directions) shown in FIG. 3 as an example, and the above filter may be applied in the imaging time direction for data with different imaging times such as heart imaging.
- the operator selects one from the low-dose mode, the high-quality mode, and the manual setting mode.
- the full width at half maximum d (see FIG. 9B described later) of the filter function related to the degree of smoothing is set to a predetermined wide value for the imaging region selected from the imaging region selection list 142. Set and strengthen the smoothing effect. This can reduce artifacts that are likely to occur at low doses.
- the half width d of the filter function is set to a predetermined narrow value to weaken the smoothing effect.
- a numerical value input field 146a having a half-value width d of the filter function is arranged to allow the operator to input numerical values.
- the half-value width d shown in FIG. 3 for 5 data means that when data of one channel is smoothed, the data of the channel and the data of 4 channels adjacent to the channel are used for smoothing. Yes.
- the imaging condition input unit 131 is not limited to a configuration that accepts settings on the monitor screen 141 for setting the imaging region, X-ray conditions, and adaptive filter shown in FIG. 3, and inputs imaging conditions by other methods. It is also possible to accept. It is also possible to store shooting conditions in the HDD device 115 in advance, and in this case, the operator does not need to input the shooting conditions every time.
- the operator uses the mouse 112, the keyboard 111, and the like to specify the shooting position of the subject 6 and then instructs the start of shooting.
- the shooting control unit 132 moves the table 5 by the table controller 118.
- the subject 6 is moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotating plate 4, and the movement is stopped when the photographing position of the subject 6 coincides with the photographing position designated by the operator, thereby arranging the subject 6.
- the gantry controller 116 of the imaging control unit 132 starts the rotation of the rotating plate 4 via the drive motor at the same time when the imaging start is instructed.
- the X-ray controller 117 When the rotation of the rotating plate 4 enters a constant speed state and the arrangement of the subject 6 is completed, the X-ray controller 117 performs the X-ray irradiation timing of the X-ray tube 1 of the imaging execution unit 133 and the X-rays of the imaging unit. The imaging timing of the detector 2 is controlled to start imaging.
- imaging is performed while the rotating plate 4 is rotating, and the energy spectrum and output amount of X-rays to be irradiated are determined by the set tube voltage and tube current amount of the X-ray tube 1.
- X-rays having one type of energy spectrum are used.
- Energy CT can also be performed.
- the imaging execution unit 133 detects X-ray photons transmitted through the subject 6 by the X-ray detector 2.
- the signal collection unit 134 of the image generation unit 103 converts the X-ray detection data of the X-ray detector 2 into a digital signal by the DAS 119.
- the X-ray detection data acquired by the signal acquisition unit 134 is stored in the memory 120.
- the correction processing unit 135 performs correction such as offset correction for calibrating the X-ray signal to zero and a known air calibration process for correcting the sensitivity between the detectors, and the projection data of the subject 6 is obtained. get.
- the adaptive filter unit 135a smoothes the X-ray detection data and / or projection data, and reduces noise that causes artifacts. Details of the processing of the adaptive filter unit 135a of the present invention will be described later.
- the reconstruction processing unit 136 of the image generation unit 103 performs arithmetic processing using a known CT image reconstruction algorithm on the projection data value I lo (i, j, k) corrected by the correction processing unit 135.
- a CT image representing the X-ray absorption coefficient of the subject is obtained.
- the image display unit 137 provides information to the operator by displaying the calculated CT image on the monitor 123.
- the adaptive filter unit 135a calculates a filter function from the processing range determination unit 151 that sets an adaptive filter application range for the X-ray detection data acquired by the signal collection unit 134 as shown in FIG. 4 and the set processing range.
- a filter parameter storage unit 154 for reading out parameters necessary for.
- FIG. 6 shows the state of data at each point in the flow of FIG.
- the processing range determination unit 151 acquires the X-ray detection data I (i, j, k) from the signal collection unit 134 (see FIG. 2) in Step 161 of FIG.
- the X-ray detection data I is data obtained by detecting an X-ray photon that has been irradiated with the X-ray Io and transmitted through the subject, and is expressed as shown in Expression (1).
- the X-ray detection data I is the number of X-ray photons after passing through the subject [photon]
- I o is the number of X-ray photons without the subject [photon]
- ⁇ is the linear absorption coefficient [cm ⁇ 1 ]
- l is the transmission path length [cm].
- the projection data 181 in FIG. 7 is a result of performing a known air calibration process on the X-ray detection data I and then performing a Log conversion, and the higher the X-ray absorption coefficient that passes through the subject 6, the more white is displayed.
- the gray scale that displays black as lower is used.
- the X-ray detection data I or projection data includes a channel direction i in which the X-ray detectors 2 are arranged in the cross-sectional direction of the subject 6, a projection angle direction j in which the X-ray tube 1 rotates during X-ray irradiation,
- the X-ray detector 2 is arranged in three directions, ie, the slice direction k, which is arranged perpendicular to the cross-sectional direction of the subject 6.
- the X-ray detection data I acquired in step 161 of FIG. 5 shows, for example, when the cylindrical uniform subject 6 is set at the center of the imaging region and imaged, the horizontal axis is channel i, and the vertical axis is When graphed as X-ray detection data values, data 171 in FIG. 6 is obtained. However, the projection angle j ′ and the slice k ′ are arbitrary values. In the data 171, since the path l that passes through the cylindrical subject 6 is long in the center of the channel i, the number of transmitted X-ray photons decreases, and as shown in the data 171 in FIG. Will increase. For this reason, data variation is larger than that of adjacent channels.
- the processing range determination unit 151 obtains a channel range (filter application range) 12 in which the X-ray detection data I is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold Th1, as indicated by data 172 in FIG. 12 X-ray detection data I are smoothed.
- first boundary data T (i, j, k) 173 is obtained (step 163).
- the obtained first boundary data T (i, j, k) 173 has the noise component 11 reduced by smoothing.
- the first boundary data 173 is used as a threshold ThL in a smoothing process (step 168) using an adaptive filter described later.
- the first boundary data T is also shown for the channel outside the filter application range 12. However, in practice, the first boundary data T is only applied to the filter application range 12. calculate.
- a known method can be used for the smoothing process in step 162. For example, a method of convolving and integrating a filter function (FIG. 9B) with the X-ray detection data I is used. The smoothing process by convolution integration will be described later.
- the filter application range 12 is an area where the X-ray detection data I is equal to or less than the threshold Th1 and the X-ray dose is small after passing through the subject.
- the region where the X-ray detection data I is larger than the threshold Th1 is a region where the X-ray dose is large, and thus is set as a region that is not smoothed.
- the threshold value Th1 can be determined by calculation using a predetermined mathematical formula. It is also possible to use constants obtained beforehand through experience or experiment according to the shooting conditions.
- the left side of Expression (2) represents the amount of displacement of B with respect to the amount of minute displacement of A, as shown in FIG. This corresponds to the amount of change dB in the absorption coefficient for the component of dA that varies due to the influence of noise.
- the displacement amount of B with respect to the minute displacement amount of A on the left side of Equation (2) is equal to or less than a predetermined constant C, the X-ray dose after passing through the subject is a small region. It is determined that the absorption coefficient greatly changes due to a minute noise fluctuation for the detected signal. Therefore, since it is necessary to smooth the absorption coefficient that has greatly changed under the condition of C or less, Th1 is determined according to C.
- C is determined based on the X-ray irradiation conditions such as the imaging region set in FIG. 3 and the filter conditions such as the adaptive filter mode.
- the relationship between the ratio A of the number of X-ray photons, the product B of the X-ray absorption coefficient and the transmission path length is shown in Equation (3). From Expressions (2) and (3), the displacement amount of B with respect to the minute displacement amount of A is expressed by Expression (4).
- the threshold value Th1 When a predetermined constant is used as the threshold value Th1, an arbitrary number of X-ray photons I obtained by experience or experiment in advance according to the imaging conditions can be set as the threshold value.
- the threshold Th1 can be 200 [photons].
- the processing function determination unit 152 performs a well-known air calibration process on the X-ray detection data I (data 171 in FIG. 6) in Step 164 and then performs Log conversion, as shown in Expression (5).
- the projection data value I l (i, j, k) (data 174 in FIG. 6) of the absorption coefficient is acquired (step 165).
- step 166 the processing function determination unit 152 performs log conversion on the first boundary data T (data 173 in FIG. 6).
- the first boundary projection data T l (i, j, k) (data 175 in FIG. 6) is acquired (step 167).
- the processing function execution unit 153 performs a smoothing process using an adaptive filter in step 168.
- the projection data I l (i, j, k) and the data after the projection data I l (i, j, k) are smoothed by a known method.
- I lw (i, j, k) is weighted with a weight ⁇ and added to obtain projection data I lo (i, j, k) after application of the adaptive filter.
- the lower limit threshold value ThL (i, j, k) and the upper limit threshold value Thu (i, j, k) are used as shown in the equations (7) to (9), and the value of the projection data I l is used.
- a different weight ⁇ is used for each case division.
- the lower limit threshold ThL (i, j, k) and the upper limit threshold Thu (i, j, k) are determined based on the first boundary projection data T l (i, j, k).
- a predetermined value determined according to ThL is used.
- the threshold value Thu When a predetermined constant is used as the threshold value Thu, an arbitrary number of X-ray photons I obtained by experience or experiment in advance according to the imaging conditions can be set as the threshold value.
- the threshold value Thu can be set to 1.5.
- the projection data I l is larger than the upper limit threshold value Thu, the data I lw (i, j, k) after the smoothing process is converted into the projection data I lo ( i, j, k).
- the first boundary projection data T l (i, j, k) obtained by performing the log conversion after smoothing the X-ray detection data value I obtained from the subject is used.
- the projection data I l of the subject is divided into cases, and the strength (degree) of smoothing applied to the projection data I l (i, j, k) is determined.
- an appropriate degree of smoothing processing can be performed for each subject, and the degradation of spatial resolution is suppressed compared to the case where the same filter condition is used for the projection data of all channels regardless of the subject.
- the artifact can be removed.
- artifacts can be reduced even when imaging is performed with a small dose, so that the dose can be reduced.
- the filter application range 12 since the filter application range 12 is set and the first boundary projection data T l (i, j, k) is generated, it is not necessary to perform smoothing processing on all channels, and arithmetic processing is performed. The amount can be reduced.
- the post-smoothing data I lw (i, j, k) is obtained by performing a known smoothing process on the projection data I l (i, j, k). For example, a convolution process is used as follows.
- the convolution process is performed on the projection data I l (i, j, k) included in the filter application range 12 as indicated by data 176 in FIG. 6. Specifically, as shown in Expression (11), as shown in FIG. 9A, the projection data I l 201 of the channel i at an arbitrary projection angle j ′ and slice k ′ as shown in FIG.
- the smoothed data I lw (i, j, k) is obtained by convolving and integrating the filter function W (i, j, k) 202 as shown in FIG.
- the filter function W (i, j, k) 202 is represented by the horizontal axis channel direction i, the vertical axis by the weight W [i], and the half-value width d as shown in FIG. 9B.
- the half-value width d the value of the half-value width d set in the input field 146a on the monitor screen 141 in FIG. 3 is used.
- the area of the filter function is normalized to 1.
- the filter function 202 is not limited to a triangular function as shown in FIG. For example, it is possible to use a moving average process in which the weight of each channel is constant, a median filter process, or the like.
- the noise component 11 of the projection data I l (i, j, k) in FIG. 9A becomes the data I lw (i, j, k) after the smoothing process shown in FIG. k) It can be seen that it is reduced as in 203.
- the obtained smoothed data I lw (i, j, k) 203 and the projection data I l (i, j, k) are set to the weight ⁇ as in the above-described equation (6).
- the projection data I lo (i, j, k) after application of the adaptive filter is obtained by adding in response.
- a part of the X-ray detection data I is smoothed to generate the first boundary data T, and then Log transformation is performed to obtain the first boundary projection data Tl.
- the X-ray detection data I may be subjected to Log conversion, and then the projection data I l may be smoothed to generate the first boundary projection data T l .
- the acquired X-ray detection data I is subjected to Log conversion to obtain projection data I 1 (steps 211, 212, and 213).
- the projection data I l is smoothed for a range (filter application range) where the projection data I l satisfies a predetermined threshold Th1 or more, and the first boundary projection data T l (i, j, k) is calculated. (Steps 214 and 215).
- the processing function execution unit 153 of FIG. 4 performs the smoothing process using the adaptive filter according to the equations (6) to (9), as in the above embodiment. Thereby, an artifact can be reduced.
- the projection data I l is smoothed by an adaptive filter.
- the first boundary obtained by smoothing the X-ray detection data I before Log conversion is obtained.
- the first boundary data T and the X-ray detection data I are compared, and the weights ⁇ are set according to the cases as in the expressions (7) to (9), whereby the expression (6
- 6 It is also possible to smooth the X-ray detection data I while appropriately switching the degree of smoothing as shown in FIG. This process will be described with reference to FIG.
- the X-ray detection data I satisfies the threshold value Th1 or less
- the X-ray detection data I is smoothed and the first boundary data T (i, j, k) is acquired (steps 221, 222, 223).
- the first boundary data T (i, j, k) is used as the threshold value ThL, and the weight ⁇ is divided according to the case of equations (7) to (9) according to the value of the X-ray detection data I.
- the X-ray detection data I is smoothed while appropriately switching the smoothing degree (weight) according to the equation (6), and the smoothed X-ray detection data I W (i, j, k) Can be obtained.
- the smoothing includes a method of convolving and integrating a filter function with the X-ray detection data I.
- the smoothed X-ray detection data I W is subjected to Log conversion to obtain smoothed projection data I 1W (i, j, k).
- the smoothed projection data I 1W (i, j, k) smoothed while appropriately switching the degree of smoothing according to the subject can be acquired as in the above embodiment.
- the calculation amount and the memory amount after step 223 shown in FIG. 11 can be reduced by limiting the application range of the smoothing process to the X-ray detection data before Log conversion by the threshold value Th ⁇ b> 1. .
- the X-ray detection data may be determined from the projection data I l was Log conversion.
- the threshold E is determined from the absorption coefficient of the projection data I 1 , and a range larger than E is set as the filter application range 12.
- the filter function 202 is created using the half-value width d input by the operator every time shooting is performed.
- the filter function 202 and the like are stored in advance in the filter parameter storage unit 154 for each shooting condition. You can keep it.
- the processing range determination unit 151, the processing function determination unit 152, and the processing function execution unit 153 can obtain the filter function 202 only by referring to the filter parameter storage unit 154, which has an advantage of speeding up the calculation.
- a biological X-ray CT apparatus is shown as an example, but it goes without saying that the present invention may be applied to an X-ray CT apparatus for non-destructive inspection such as explosives inspection and product inspection. Yes.
- this embodiment shows a known third-generation multi-slice X-ray CT apparatus as an example, but it can also be applied to known first-, second-, and fourth-generation X-ray CT apparatuses. It can also be applied to a line CT apparatus and an electron beam CT.
- a part of the X-ray detection data is smoothed and then Log converted to generate the first boundary projection data.
- the X-ray detection data is Log converted.
- a part is smoothed to generate second boundary projection data.
- One of the two types of boundary projection data is selected for each channel, and the selected boundary projection data is used as the threshold ThL as in the first embodiment.
- ThL threshold value
- the first boundary projection data is determined based on the threshold Th1 as a smoothing region (filter application range 12) as a smoothing region (filter application range 12) after the subject transmission.
- the boundary projection data sets a region (filter application range 13) with a small X-ray dose outside the filter application range 12 as a smoothing region.
- the first boundary projection data is smoothed by using the first boundary projection data as the threshold value ThL for the region (filter application range 12) where the artifact is desired to be preferentially reduced.
- the second boundary projection data is smoothed by using the second boundary projection data as the threshold value ThL for an area where the artifact is small compared to the filter application range 12 and the subject information is to be preferentially held.
- steps 162 to 167 are performed in the same manner as the processing of the processing range determination unit 151 and the processing function determination unit 152 described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. Thereby, the data 172 and 173 and the first boundary projection data T 11 175 of FIG. 13 are obtained. Further, in the flow of FIG. 12, steps 231 to 234 are performed in order to generate the second boundary projection data T 2l . Further, in step 235 of FIG. 12, step 235 for selecting the first and second boundary projection data for each channel and performing boundary projection data is performed. Thereby, the data 241, the data 242, the data 243, and the data 244 of FIG. 13 are obtained.
- Steps 231 to 234 will be specifically described.
- step 231 as shown in data 241 in FIG. 13, a known air calibration process is performed on the X-ray detection data I in the data 171, and then X-ray detection data is obtained by Expression (5) of the first embodiment. Log-convert I.
- the projection data I l (i, j, k) (data 241 in FIG. 13) of the absorption coefficient is acquired (step 232).
- step 233 as shown in data 242 in FIG. 13, the projection data I l for a range 13 which meets a threshold Th2 or more, the projection data I l smoothed by the second boundary data T 2l (i, j , K).
- the smoothing process uses a method of convolving and integrating a filter function with X-ray detection data.
- the noise component 11 can be reduced by smoothing as shown by the data 243 in FIG. 13.
- the central portion 14 smoothes the noise emphasized by the Log transformation, the noise is completely removed. Noise remains.
- step 233 by limiting the filter application range 13 using the threshold Th2, the calculation amount and the memory amount after step 234 shown in FIG. 12 can be reduced.
- an appropriate value of C in Expression (2) is set such as an X-ray irradiation condition such as an imaging region and an adaptive filter mode. Determined by filter conditions.
- C ⁇ 0.5
- the threshold Th2 in step 233 is set to 2.0 [cm ⁇ 1 ].
- projection data I l is the time that satisfies the threshold Th2 or more, to determine the X-ray dose less area after the object transmission (filter application range 13) as an area smoothing by adaptive filter. Since the area outside the filter application range 13 is an area with a large X-ray dose, smoothing is not performed.
- the integration refers to selecting one of the first boundary projection data T 11 and the second boundary projection data T 21 for each channel (i, j, k).
- the amount of change between adjacent channels is calculated for the first boundary projection data T 11 and the second boundary projection data T 21 using calculation such as differentiation.
- the boundary projection data with the smaller change amount is selected as the boundary projection data for the channel (i, j, k).
- any one of the boundary projection data can be selected, and this can be used as a threshold value to change the degree of smoothing (weight ⁇ ).
- An appropriate smoothing effect can be realized.
- the boundary projection data T il is approximately the first in the range 12 at the center of the channel, as shown by the data 244 in FIG.
- the boundary projection data T 1l is selected, and the second boundary projection data T 2l (data 244 in FIG. 13) is generally selected in the outer range 13.
- the resulting boundary projection data T il was subjected to smoothing processing to the projection data I l by Formula embodiment 1 (6) - (9) as a threshold ThL, the projection data I l 176 after smoothing Get.
- the first boundary projection data T 11 or the second boundary projection data T 21 is selectively used according to each channel (i, j, k). Since the first boundary projection data T 11 is generated by smoothing before Log transformation, when only the first boundary projection data T 11 is used, noise is excessively reduced and information on the subject may be deteriorated. However, the possibility can be suppressed by selectively using the second boundary projection data T2l . On the other hand, since the second boundary projection data T 2l is generated by the smoothing after the log transformation, the noise component is greatly emphasized by the log transformation and remains in the central portion 14 of the second boundary projection data T 2l. The value of the 14th second boundary projection data T2l becomes large, and there is a possibility that noise cannot be completely removed.
- the possibility can be suppressed by selectively using the first boundary projection data and the second boundary projection data. Accordingly, by selectively using the first boundary projection data or the second boundary projection data for each channel (i, j, k) and switching the degree of smoothing, subject information can be obtained while effectively removing noise. Smoothing that does not deteriorate can be realized.
- the first boundary projection data and the second boundary projection data are selected for each channel by the equations (12) and (13).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the first boundary projection data and the second boundary projection data are used.
- the area to which is applied may be determined from X-ray detection data or / and projection data.
- the first boundary projection data T 11 is used for the filter application range 12 that is equal to or greater than the threshold Th1 determined in Step 162 of FIG. 12, and the second boundary is used for the filter application range 13 that is equal to or greater than the threshold Th2 determined in Step 233.
- Projection data T2l can be used.
- the region (range 12) where the X-ray detection data such as a noise component changes sharply can be strongly smoothed using the first boundary projection data T1l .
- the second boundary projection data T2l can be used for smoothing weakly. As a result, it is possible to suppress degradation of spatial resolution and reduce noise.
- quantum noise included in the actually photographed image and system noise such as a circuit were considered.
- the phantom assumes the human abdomen, and has an elliptical shape as shown in images 251 and 252 in FIGS. 14A and 14B and is made of acrylic having an absorption rate close to that of a living tissue.
- a high-absorption phantom 253 having a set of three lines with different line intervals was installed on the right peripheral portion of the phantom. Images 254 and 255 enlarged for each method are shown, and the interval between line pairs is 0.95 [lp / mm] and 1.00 [lp / mm].
- the tube voltage and the tube current amount were 80 kV and 50 mAs. However, the tube voltage and tube current are not limited to this embodiment.
- FIG. 14 (a) As a result of this simulation, as shown in FIG. 14 (a), streak artifacts occurred in the horizontal direction in the conventional convolution integral, which is a conventional method.
- FIG. 14 (b) Streak artifacts were reduced.
- FIG. 14A strong smoothing is performed in the peripheral portion, so that the spatial resolution is deteriorated and the line pair cannot be identified.
- three line pairs of 0.95 [lp / mm] and 1.00 [lp / mm] could be identified as shown in FIG. 14 (a) and 14 (b), the method of the present invention can suppress the degradation of spatial resolution and reduce artifacts, as compared with the conventional adaptive filter.
- the entire X-ray detection data is Log-transformed as shown in Steps 231 to 232 of FIG. 12, but as shown in FIG. 15, the first boundary data area (range 12).
- the second boundary projection data may be generated by performing log transformation on the other range and then smoothing the projection data (Steps 233 and 234). ).
- the channel region for performing the calculation for generating the second boundary projection data can be limited to the outside of the range 12, the calculation amount and the memory amount can be reduced.
- the region (range 12) to be smoothed by the first boundary data is determined from the X-ray detection data.
- the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. You may decide.
- an area to be smoothed may be determined using an arbitrary absorption coefficient as the threshold value F.
- F is set to 2.0, and an absorption coefficient equal to or greater than F is smoothed as a region with a small X-ray dose.
- an artifact removal mode selection unit 146b is added to the adaptive filter mode selection unit 146 of the imaging condition setting monitor screen 141 in FIG. It is possible to select from.
- the image generation unit 103 has the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 2, but a noise detection unit 261 and a circuit that feeds back the detection result to the correction processing unit 135 are added as shown in FIG.
- the correction processing unit 135 performs a smoothing process using an adaptive filter as in the first or second embodiment (step 251).
- the reconstruction processing unit 136 performs image reconstruction using the smoothed projection data Il (step 252).
- the noise detection unit 261 acquires a reconstructed image from the reconstruction processing unit 136 (step 253), and detects a noise value using a known image processing technique such as a line detection method (step 254).
- a known image processing technique a predetermined area or whole of an image is thresholded to select a line-shaped portion (noise) from a white portion, and the maximum value or standard deviation of the noise portion is set as a noise value.
- the method of detecting as A can be used as an example.
- the noise detection unit 261 When the detected noise value A is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold G, the noise detection unit 261 provides feedback to the correction processing unit 135 to change the adaptive filter condition (steps 255 and 256).
- a method of increasing the half-value width d of the filter function or a method of reducing the entire first boundary projection data and / or second boundary projection data value can be used.
- a predetermined amount of change can be automatically set.
- step 251 after feedback, the effect of smoothing by the adaptive filter is strengthened, and the smoothing process is performed again on the projection data stored in the memory 120, the HDD device 122, or the like.
- This operation (steps 251 to 256) is repeated until the detected noise reaches less than the threshold value G.
- the artifact of the CT image can be reduced to a desired value or less.
- the remaining amount of artifacts is obtained for a combination of multiple X-ray irradiation conditions and filter conditions for each subject diameter and part, and a database is created. deep.
- the obtained database is stored in the filter parameter storage unit 154 in the adaptive filter unit 135a of FIG.
- the correction processing unit 135 searches the database of the filter parameter storage unit 154 for conditions close to the X-ray irradiation conditions and the filter conditions set by the operator on the imaging condition setting monitor screen 141, and corresponds to the conditions. Read the remaining artifact amount. As a result, the artifact remaining amount after smoothing can be estimated before actual shooting.
- the correction processing unit When the remaining amount of artifact after smoothing is larger than the predetermined remaining amount, the correction processing unit, as shown in the display 146c in FIG. Is notified to the operator.
- the present invention relates to an X-ray CT apparatus. As a result of processing an appropriate adaptive filter in accordance with an imaging condition to be input, deterioration of spatial resolution in a CT image is suppressed, and a small amount of calculation and memory are required. Artifacts can be reduced. Thereby, since an artifact can be reduced in imaging with a small dose, the dose can be reduced.
- Table controller 119 ... DAS, 120 ... Memory, 121 ... Central Processing unit 122... HDD device 123. Monitor 131.
- Shooting condition input unit 132.
- Shooting control unit 133.
- Shooting execution unit 134 134 Signal collection unit 135 Complement Processing unit, 135a ... Adaptive filter unit, 136 ... Reconstruction processing unit, 137 ... Image display unit, 141 ... Monitor screen, 142 ... Shooting site selection list, 143 ... X-ray condition, 144 ... Applicability of adaptive filter, 145 ... Application direction of filter, 146... Adaptive filter mode, 151... Processing range determination unit, 152... Processing function determination unit, 153... Processing function execution unit, 154.
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Abstract
Description
(実施形態1)
図1を用いて、実施形態1のアダプティブフィルタを搭載したX線CT装置のハードウェア構成について述べる。
実施形態2では、実施形態1と同様にX線検出データの一部を平滑化してからLog変換して第1境界投影データを生成することに加えて、X線検出データをLog変換してから一部を平滑化して第2境界投影データを生成する。2種類の境界投影データのうち一方をチャネルごとに選択し、選択した境界投影データを実施形態1と同様に閾値ThLとして用いる。投影データと、選択した境界投影データ(閾値ThL)を比較して平滑化の度合いを切り替えることにより、投影データに対して前記平滑化の度合いに応じた平滑化を行う。
実施形態3では、第1または第2の実施形態によりアダプティブフィルタにより補正した投影データから得た再構成画像に対して、ノイズを検出する。検出したノイズ値が大きい場合には、条件を変化させて再度アダプティブフィルタによる平滑化を行い、CT画像のアーチファクトを低減させる。本実施形態について詳細を説明する。
実施形態4では、図3の撮像条件設定用モニタ画面141等により設定された撮影部位やX線条件等のX線照射条件と、フィルタ処理の条件とを用いて、アダプティブフィルタ適用後におけるアーチファクトの残存量を予め推定するものである。
上述してきたように、本発明はX線CT装置に関し、入力する撮影条件に応じて、適切なアダプティブフィルタを処理した結果、CT画像における空間分解能の劣化を抑制し、少ない計算量およびメモリ量でアーチファクトを低減することができる。これにより、少ない線量の撮影においてアーチファクトを低減できるため、低線量化が可能になる。
Claims (16)
- X線を発生するX線発生部と、被写体透過後の前記X線を検出しX線検出データを生成するX線検出部と、前記X線検出データをLog変換して投影データを生成する投影データ計算部と、前記X線検出データおよび前記投影データのうち少なくとも一方を平滑化するフィルタ処理部と、前記フィルタ処理部で取得した投影データからX線吸収係数の分布であるCT画像を計算する画像計算部とを有し、
前記フィルタ処理部は、前記X線検出データおよび前記投影データの少なくとも一部を用いて境界データを生成し、該境界データを閾値として前記X線検出データおよび前記投影データのうち少なくとも一方を平滑化処理することを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記X線検出データまたは前記投影データと前記境界データとを比較し、その大小関係により平滑化の度合いを切り替えることを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項2に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記投影データと前記境界データとを比較し、前記投影データが前記境界データよりも小さい領域は前記平滑化処理を行わず、前記投影データが前記境界データ以上の領域は、前記投影データと前記境界データとの差に応じた平滑化処理を行うことを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項2に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記X線検出データと前記境界データとを比較し、前記X線検出データが前記境界データよりも大きい領域は前記平滑化処理を行わず、前記X線検出データが前記境界データ以下の領域は、前記X線検出データと前記境界データとの差に応じた平滑化処理を行うことを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記X線検出データまたは前記投影データを平滑化処理することにより前記境界データを生成することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項5に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記X線検出データのうち所定の閾値以下の領域をフィルタ適用範囲とし、該フィルタ適用範囲の前記X線検出データを平滑化処理することにより前記境界データを生成することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項5に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記投影データのうち所定の閾値以上の領域をフィルタ適用範囲とし、該フィルタ適用範囲の前記投影データを平滑化処理することにより前記境界データを生成することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記X線検出データのうち所定の第1閾値以下の領域の前記X線検出データを平滑化処理した後、Log変換することにより第1境界データを生成し、前記投影データのうち所定の第2閾値以上の領域の前記投影データを平滑化処理することにより第2境界データを生成し、前記第1境界データおよび第2境界データのうち一方を選択的に用いて前記投影データを平滑化処理することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項8に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記第1境界データの変化率と第2境界データの変化率とを求め、変化率の小さい方を選択することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項9に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記変化率をチャネル方向について求め、チャネルごとに前記第1境界データまたは第2境界データを選択することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記X線検出データのうち所定の第1閾値以下の第1領域については、前記X線検出データを平滑化処理した後、Log変換することにより生成した第1境界データを用い、前記第1領域の外側領域であって前記投影データのうち所定の第2閾値以上の第2領域については、前記投影データを平滑化処理することにより生成した第2境界データを用いて前記投影データを平滑化処理することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項11に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記第1領域は前記第2領域よりも被写体透過後の前記X線量が少ない領域であることを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記CT画像のノイズ値を検出するノイズ検出部をさらに有し、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記ノイズ検出部が検出したノイズ値が所定値よりも大きい場合には、前記平滑化処理の条件を変更することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項13に記載のX線CT装置において、前記フィルタ処理部は、前記ノイズ検出部が検出したノイズ値が所定値よりも大きい場合には、前記境界データの値を変更することにより前記平滑化処理の条件を変更することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
- 請求項1に記載のX線CT装置において、前記X線発生部のX線照射条件と前記フィルタ処理部の処理条件と前記被写体部位とを受け付ける入力部と、X線照射条件とフィルタ処理部処理条件と被写体部位ごとに予め求めておいたアーチファクトの残存量を格納する格納部と、前記入力部が受け付けたX線照射条件とフィルタ処理部処理条件と被写体部位情報に対応するアーチファクト残存量を前記格納部から読み出すアーチファクト推定部とをさらに有し、
前記アーチファクト推定部は、前記アーチファクト残存量が所定値よりも大きい場合には、操作者に報知することを特徴とするX線CT装置。 - 請求項15に記載のX線CT装置において、前記アーチファクト残存量が所定値よりも大きい場合、前記フィルタ処理部は前記平滑化処理の条件を変更することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
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JP2012250043A (ja) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-20 | Toshiba Corp | ノイズ低減方法 |
JP2013061280A (ja) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-04-04 | Omron Corp | X線検査装置、x線検査装置の制御方法、x線検査装置を制御するためのプログラム、および、当該プログラムを格納したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
WO2013054737A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-18 | 株式会社 東芝 | X線ct装置及び画像処理装置 |
JP2013192827A (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-30 | Toshiba Corp | X線ct装置 |
JP2013542018A (ja) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-11-21 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 低線量ctノイズ除去 |
JP2018506349A (ja) * | 2015-01-28 | 2018-03-08 | エレクタ、インク.Elekta, Inc. | 適応型放射線療法に対する移動する標的の3次元位置特定 |
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WO2014098196A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | 株式会社東芝 | X線ct装置、画像処理装置及び画像処理方法 |
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JP6386981B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-09-05 | ジーイー・メディカル・システムズ・グローバル・テクノロジー・カンパニー・エルエルシー | 画像処理方法、画像処理装置及び放射線断層撮影装置並びにプログラム |
CN106994021B (zh) * | 2016-01-22 | 2022-10-14 | 通用电气公司 | 一种计算ct影像上的噪声的方法及装置 |
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