WO2006051748A1 - プロトン伝導性ポリマー組成物およびその製造方法、該プロトン伝導性ポリマー組成物を含む触媒インク、該触媒インクを含む燃料電池 - Google Patents
プロトン伝導性ポリマー組成物およびその製造方法、該プロトン伝導性ポリマー組成物を含む触媒インク、該触媒インクを含む燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- proton conductive
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4093—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group characterised by the process or apparatus used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a proton conductive polymer composition comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton conductive polymer and a solvent, and particularly suitable for forming a catalyst layer of a fuel cell electrode. Related to things.
- Examples of electrochemical devices that use a solid polymer electrolyte as an ionic conductor instead of a liquid electrolyte include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell and a water electrolytic cell.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a fuel cell that uses hydrogen gas as a fuel, and a fuel cell that uses a mixed solution of hydrocarbon fuel and water, such as methanol, as the fuel.
- the structure consists of an electrolyte membrane electrolyte assembly (a polymer electrolyte membrane, an ion exchange membrane, a proton exchange membrane, a proton conductive polymer membrane, etc.) sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. As a result, an oxidation reaction is caused at one electrode and a reduction reaction is caused at the other electrode to operate as a battery or a water electrolyzer.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane used in these materials must be sufficiently stable chemically, thermally, electrochemically and mechanically with proton conductivity as a cation exchange membrane.
- perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membranes fluorinated proton conductive polymers
- Nafion registered trademark
- aromatic fluorine instead of fluorine-based proton conductive polymer is used.
- Various polymer electrolyte membranes having non-fluorine proton conducting polymer power in which proton conducting functional groups such as sulfonic acid groups and phosphonic acid groups are introduced into hydrocarbon polymers have been studied.
- aromatic compounds such as aromatic polyarylenes, aromatic polyarylene ether ketones and aromatic polyarylene ether sulfones are considered as promising structures in consideration of heat resistance and chemical stability. Sulfonated polyarylethersulfone (eg, Journal of Membrane Science (Netherlands) 1993, 83 ⁇ , P.
- Patent Document 1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2002Z0091225 (Patent Document 1)
- Patent Document 2 sulfonated polyether ether ketone (for example, see JP-A-6-93114 (Patent Document 2)), etc. Is reported.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane having a non-fluorine proton conductive polymer strength as described above is less deformed at a high temperature and liquid such as methanol. It has advantages such as low methanol permeation when used in fuel-type fuel cells, and is also promising because it is expected to be cheaper than fluorine-based proton conducting polymers. In the future, developments that make the most of the characteristics of each polymer are expected.
- An electrode used by laminating an electrode on the electrolyte membrane is generally used in an electrolyte membrane assembly in which a fluorine-based proton conductive polymer is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent or the like.
- the ink is prepared by applying a catalyst ink obtained by mixing the above composition and a catalyst suitable for the fuel cell reaction onto the gas diffusion layer or film and removing the solvent. Thereafter, the electrode is transferred to the electrolyte membrane to form an electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly (see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 3516055 (Patent Document 3)).
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 3516055
- a method of forming the catalyst ink directly on the electrolyte membrane by indirect application such as spraying is also being studied.
- An electrode is formed by applying and drying a non-fluorine proton conductive polymer solution on an electrode (including a catalyst layer containing a metal catalyst and a fluorine-based proton conductive polymer).
- a non-fluorine proton conductive polymer solution on an electrode (including a catalyst layer containing a metal catalyst and a fluorine-based proton conductive polymer).
- polymer solutions and dispersions suitable for such a forming method have also been studied! (See Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-317749 (Patent Document 8)) ).
- the electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly it is important for the electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly to draw out the characteristics of the electrode or the electrolyte membrane in a good shape.
- mass transfer of protons and reaction gas inside the electrode is important. Therefore, it is desired that the catalyst performance is smooth and that the catalyst performance is satisfactorily drawn out, and that the bonding property with the electrolyte membrane is also good.
- a technique of interposing a composition of a fluorine-based proton conductive polymer having a similar structure in an electrode is employed for a conventional fluorine-based proton conductive polymer membrane, and this is suitable.
- Preparation of a composition or catalyst ink containing a fluorine-based proton conductive polymer has also been carried out (for example, JP-A-2005-108827 (Patent Document 9), JP-A-2000-188110 (Patent Document 10). ), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-273434 (see Patent Document 11)).
- the polymers having similar physical properties are used, the bondability between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane can be kept good.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membrane can be operated more stably in the long term if it is joined to an electrode having an aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton conductive polymer interposed between the electrodes.
- an electrolyte membrane having an aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton conducting polymer power has been studied, but the composition for interposing it in the electrode has been sufficiently studied! .
- Patent Document 12 discloses a composition in which a non-fluorine proton conductive polymer is dissolved. This composition is applied to an electrolyte membrane by a method of coating on an electrode.
- the electrode used is a commercial electrode containing naphthion (registered trademark)), and the composition described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-249244 (Patent Document 13) is used.
- the material is a composition suitable for forming an electrolyte membrane by the casting method, and this is also intended to intervene in the electrode. [0011] Regardless of which method is used to produce an electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly, even if an electrolyte membrane made of a non-fluorine proton conducting polymer is used, Generally, a fluorine-based proton conductive polymer is used.
- Patent Document 1 US Patent Application Publication No. 2002Z0091225
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-6-93114
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 3516055
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-317749
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-317750
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-55522
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-249244
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-317749
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-108827
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-188110
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-273434
- Patent Document 12 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-317749
- Patent Document 13 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-249244
- Non-Patent Literature 1 Journal of Membrane Science, (Netherlands) 1993, 83 ⁇ , ⁇ . 211—220
- Non-Patent Document 2 205th Electrochemical Society Meeting Abs No. 334 Disclosure of Invention
- An object of the present invention is to improve the uniformity of the catalyst layer in the electrode of the fuel cell and the bondability between the electrode and the polymer electrolyte membrane, and maintain good bondability and catalyst performance over a long period of time. It is to provide a fuel cell that can be held. Means for solving the problem
- the present inventors include an aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton conductive polymer that can satisfactorily bring out the performance of a fuel cell catalyst, particularly when interposed in an electrode of a fuel cell.
- the present invention has led to the invention of a polymer composition, and the present invention has the following constitution.
- a proton conductive polymer composition comprising at least an aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer and a solvent, wherein the content of the proton conductive polymer is in the range of 1 to 30% by mass.
- the component power of the molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol is in the range of 2000 to 23000.
- the proton conductive polymer composition occupies 10 mass% or more of the total amount of the proton conductive polymer.
- the molecular weight distribution of the proton-conductive polymer has two or more maximum values, and at least one of the maximum values is in the range of polyethylene glycolole equivalent molecular weight force 000 to 23,000, and is a maximum. At least one of the values is a proton-conducting polymer composition in a region greater than the polyethylene glycol equivalent molecular weight force S23000.
- the proton conducting polymer composition having a maximum value in a region where the molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol is greater than 23,000 in the molecular weight distribution of the proton conducting polymer, and in the range of 50000 to 120,000 in terms of polyethylene glycol.
- a proton conductive polymer composition comprising at least water in the range of 1 to 45 mass% and an organic solvent in the range of 50 to 98 mass% as the solvent.
- the absorption coefficient at 750 nm in the visible light absorption spectrum is 0 to 0.3 cm 0 /. — Proton conducting polymer composition in the range of 1 .
- the proton conductive polymer composition also exhibits structural viscosity.
- Proton conductive polymer strength A proton conductive polymer composition comprising a sulfone-polyarylene ether-based polymer.
- the proton conductive polymer composition has a sulfonic acid group content in the proton conductive polymer in the range of 0.3 to 3.5 meq / g.
- the present invention provides a production method for obtaining a proton conductive polymer composition, wherein a second solvent having a solubility parameter smaller than that of the first solvent after the first solvent is added to the proton conductive polymer.
- a method for producing a proton conductive polymer composition having at least a step of further adding the solvent.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a proton conductive polymer composition, wherein the first solvent is water and the second solvent is an organic solvent.
- the present invention is a catalyst ink having the above proton conductive polymer composition and a catalyst.
- the present invention is a fuel cell in which an electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly formed by laminating an electrode produced using the above catalyst ink and a polymer electrolyte membrane made of the proton conductive polymer is incorporated.
- the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention can be prepared as a catalyst ink capable of forming a catalyst layer having excellent uniformity by being mixed with a catalyst for a fuel cell and the like.
- the electrode produced using the catalyst ink exhibits good catalytic performance and maintains good bonding properties with an electrolyte membrane having an aromatic hydrocarbon proton conducting polymer power over a long period of time. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fuel cell having excellent durability.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the viscosity and frequency (shear rate) of proton-conductive polymer compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer in the present invention has an aromatic or aromatic ring and ether bond, sulfone bond, imide bond, ester bond, amide bond, urethane bond, sulfide bond, carbonate bond, and polymer main chain. It is a non-fluorine proton conductive polymer having a structure having at least one linking group selected from ketone bonds, such as polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene-oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyphenylene glycol.
- Snorephone polyparaphenylene, polyarylene, polyarylene ether, polyphenylquinoxaline, polyaryl ketone, polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, polybenzoxazole, polybens
- examples include polymers in which at least one ionic group is introduced into a polymer containing at least one component such as thiazole and polyimide.
- the ionic group include at least one of a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a carboxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, and derivatives thereof.
- the proton conductivity of the polymer is exhibited by including in the polymer a functional group such as a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a carboxyl group, or a phosphoric acid group.
- a functional group that acts particularly effectively is a sulfonic acid group.
- polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherketone, etc. are generic names for polymers having a sulfone bond, an ether bond, or a ketone bond in their molecular chains. Polyetherketone ketone, polyetherketone, etc.
- ether ketone Including ether ketone, polyether ether ketone ketone, polyether ketone ether ketone ketone, polyether ketone sulfone, etc., and not limited to a specific polymer structure. It may also have a branched structure such as having a side chain.
- a polymer having a sulfonic acid group on an aromatic ring can be obtained by reacting a polymer having a skeleton as in the above example with an appropriate sulfonating agent.
- sulfonating agents include those using concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid, which have been reported as examples of introducing sulfonic acid groups into aromatic hydrocarbon polymers (for example, Solid State Ionics, 106, P. 219 (1998)), those using chlorosulfuric acid (for example, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem., 22, P. 295 (1 984)), those using sulfuric anhydride complex (for example, J. Polym. Sci., Polym.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer can also be synthesized using a monomer containing an acidic group in at least one of the monomers used for polymerization.
- the acidic group may be bonded to the main chain or may be bonded to the side chain.
- aromatic diamine and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride synthesized polyimide for aromatic diamine, An acid group-containing polyimide can be obtained using diamine containing at least one sulfonic acid group or phosphonic acid group.
- At least one kind of aromatic dicarboxylic acid is sulfone.
- an acid group-containing dicarboxylic acid or a phosphonic acid group-containing dicarboxylic acid an acid group-containing polybenzoxazole or polybenzthiazole can be obtained.
- Polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyether ketones, etc. which are also synthesized with aromatic dihalides and aromatic diols, can be obtained by using aromatic diols containing sulfonic acid groups or aromatic diols containing sulfonic acid groups as at least one of the monomers. It can be synthesized. At this time, it is preferable to use a sulfonic acid group-containing dihalide rather than using a sulfonic acid group-containing diol because the degree of polymerization tends to be high and the thermal stability of the obtained acidic group-containing polymer is high. It can be said.
- the site of the sulfonic acid group can also be controlled by, for example, bonding the sulfonic acid group to the side chain depending on the substitution position of the dinolide in the dinolide monomer containing the sulfonic acid group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conducting polymer in the present invention is a sulfonic acid group-containing polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene norphe, polyphenylene norenophone, polyether noketone polymer. More preferred are polyarylene ether compounds such as sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene compounds.
- polyarylene ether compounds those containing a constituent represented by the following general formula (1) are particularly preferred.
- Ar is a divalent aromatic group
- Y is a sulfone group or ketone group
- X is H or Z
- the monovalent cationic species, Z can be selected from any bonding mode for bonding an aromatic ring, but a direct bond, an ether bond or z and a thioether bond (o or s) are preferred.
- Z is preferably an ether bond.
- Ar ' is a divalent aromatic group
- Z is a force for selecting an arbitrary bonding mode for bonding an aromatic ring, preferably a direct bond, an ether bond or Z and a thioether bond (O or S), .
- Z is preferably an ether bond.
- polyarylene ether compounds those containing the above-described general formula (1) and the structural component represented by the general formula (2) are particularly preferable.
- the constituent represented by the general formula (1) is particularly preferably a constituent represented by the following general formula (3).
- Ar is a divalent aromatic group
- Y is a sulfone group or a ketone group
- X is H or Z and a monovalent cation species
- Z is an arbitrary bonding mode that bonds an aromatic ring.
- direct bonds, ether bonds or Z and thioether bonds (O or S) are preferred.
- Z is preferably an ether bond.
- the structural component represented by the general formula (2) may be represented by the following general formula (4). Especially preferred
- Ar ′ is a divalent aromatic group
- Z is a force for selecting an arbitrary bonding mode for bonding an aromatic ring, preferably a direct bond, an ether bond or Z and a thioether bond (O or S).
- Z is preferably an ether bond.
- the constituent component represented by the general formula (2) is a constituent component represented by the following general formula (5).
- Ar ' is a divalent aromatic group
- Z is a force for selecting an arbitrary bonding mode for bonding an aromatic ring, preferably a direct bond, an ether bond or Z and a thioether bond (O or S).
- Z is preferably an ether bond.
- the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound may contain structural units other than those represented by the general formulas (1) to (5).
- the structural units other than those represented by the general formulas (1) to (5) are preferably 50% by mass or less of the polyarylene ether introduced with the sulfonic acid of the present invention. By setting it to 50% by mass or less, a composition utilizing the characteristics of the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound can be obtained.
- the sulfonic acid group content of the aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton conductive polymer is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 2.8 meqZg. 0. less than 3meqZg, enough There is a tendency not to show proton conductivity, and when it is larger than 2.8 meqZg, the swelling of the polymer tends to be too large to be suitable for use. This tendency is particularly noticeable in fuel cells that use organic fuels such as methanol. More preferably, it is in the range of 0.6 to 2.4 meq / g.
- the sulfonic acid group content of the aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer is within the range of 0.3 to 3.5 meq / g. Further, it is preferable that the force is within the range of 1.0 to 3. Omeq / g.
- the sulfonic acid group content can be calculated from the polymer composition.
- the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether-based compound can be polymerized by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction including, for example, compounds represented by the following general formula (6) and general formula (7) as monomers. it can.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (6) include 3, 3′-disrenore 4,4, -dichlorodiphenenolesnorehon, 3,3,1 disrenore 4,4,1 difunoleo diphenyl.
- monovalent cation species sodium, potassium, other metal species, various amines, and the like may be used, but not limited thereto.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (7) include 2,6-dichlorobenzo-tolyl, 2,6-diflurobenzobenzonitrile, 2,4-dichlorodibenzobenzonitrile, 2,4-difluobenzoben. And zo-tolyl.
- Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group
- X represents a monovalent cation species
- W represents chlorine or fluorine.
- the above 2,6 dichlorobenzo-tolyl and 2,4 dichlorobenzazolyl are in an isomer relationship, and any of them is used for good proton conductivity, heat resistance, processing And dimensional stability can be achieved.
- the reason is that both monomers are excellent in reactivity and that the structure of the whole molecule is made harder and more stable by constituting small repeating units.
- the structure is thought to be more stable by electrostatic action.
- 'Is a structure generally introduced from an aromatic diol component monomer used together with the compounds represented by the general formulas (6) and (7) in the aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization.
- aromatic diol monomers include 4,4,1-biphenol, bis (4hydroxyphenol) sulfone, 1,1-bis (4hydroxyphenol) ethane, 2,2bis (4hydroxy).
- aromatics that can be used for the polymerization of polyarylene ether compounds by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction Group diols can also be used. These aromatic diols can be used alone, but a plurality of aromatic diols can be used in combination.
- the activated difluoroaromatic compound containing the compounds represented by the above general formulas (6) and (7) and Z Alternatively, a polymer can be obtained by reacting a dichloroaromatic compound and an aromatic diol in the presence of a basic compound.
- the polymerization is preferably performed at a temperature of 50 to 250 ° C., which can be carried out in a temperature range of 0 to 350 ° C. When the temperature is lower than 0 ° C, the reaction does not tend to proceed sufficiently. When the temperature is higher than 350 ° C, the polymer tends to start to decompose.
- the reaction can be carried out in the absence of a solvent, but is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- Solvents that can be used include, but are not limited to, N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone, N, N dimethylacetamide, N, N dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfone, sulfolane and the like. Anything can be used as long as it can be used as a stable solvent in the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. These organic solvents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Examples of basic compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, and the like. Aromatic diols have an active phenoxide structure. As long as it is possible, it can be used without being limited to these.
- water may be generated as a by-product.
- water can be removed from the system as an azeotrope by coexisting toluene or the like unrelated to the polymerization solvent in the reaction system.
- a water absorbing material such as molecular sieve can be used as a method for removing water from the system.
- the reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 50 ° C to 250 ° C, and the higher the preferred temperature, the faster the increase in molecular weight.
- the polymer concentration is preferably charged so that the monomer concentration is in the range of 2 to 50% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 50% by mass. If it is less than 2% by mass, the molecular weight tends to be difficult to increase. On the other hand, if it is more than 50% by mass, the reaction system tends to be too viscous and post-treatment of the reaction product becomes difficult.
- the reaction time is 0.2 to 500 hours, preferably 1 to 80 hours. If the reaction time is shorter than 0.2 hours, the temperature of the system will not be constant, and it tends to be difficult to carry out a uniform reaction. If the reaction time exceeds 500 hours, the productivity is not favorable. The molecular weight tends to increase as the reaction time increases.
- the proton conductive polymer in the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention includes a component having a molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol in the range of 2000 to 23,000. Although the detailed reason has not been divided, an electrode made from a catalyst ink prepared by mixing and adjusting a composition containing an aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton conductive polymer having a molecular weight within this range and a catalyst for a fuel cell is prepared. When used in a fuel cell, voltage drop due to catalyst activity is likely to occur in fuel cell power generation. It is possible to maintain a high voltage in a low current density region. It is speculated that the adsorption state of the aromatic hydrocarbon proton conducting polymer on the catalyst is involved.
- components with a molecular weight less than 2000 in terms of polyethylene glycol tend to be unable to be used stably, such as being soluble in water, while components with a molecular weight greater than 23,000 in terms of polyethylene glycol have a low current density region. There is a small contribution to the suppression of voltage drop in the region, and the voltage tends to decrease. More preferably, it is preferable to include a component having a molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol in the range of 2500 to 23000, more preferably in the range of 3000 to 20000, and even more preferably in the range of 3000 to 15000. is there.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon type Of the total amount of the ton-conducting polymer, it is necessary that the component within the range of polyethylene glycol equivalent molecular weight 2000-23000 should occupy 10% by mass or more, and 15-: more preferably LOO% by mass 20 ⁇ : It is more preferable to occupy LOO mass%.
- the content of the above components is less than 10% by mass, the effect of suppressing the voltage drop tends to be canceled out due to the influence of the components having a larger molecular weight.
- the molecular weight of the proton-conductive polymer during polymerization has a molecular weight distribution as typified by a normal distribution. Therefore, an aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conductive polymer containing 10% by mass or more of a component having a polyethylene glycol equivalent molecular weight of 2000 to 23,000. Is obtained by a polymerization reaction, the maximum value of the molecular weight distribution tends to be relatively small.
- the molecular weight force S is small, the chemical 'physical stability is lowered. Therefore, when used as a fuel cell, the physical stability as an electrode tends to be somewhat lowered. The tendency is also more problematic than fluorine-based proton conducting polymers because of their inherent chemical stability.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer as a composition containing an aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer, an aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer component having a maximum molecular weight distribution within a molecular weight range of 2000 to 23,000 at least in terms of polyethylene glycol can be used.
- a mixture composition containing an aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conducting polymer having a molecular weight distribution maximum of one or more in a range where the molecular weight in terms of polyethylene diol is greater than 23,000 is preferred. Stability can be improved.
- a component having a maximum molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol in the range of 50,000 to 120,000 is contained together with a proton-conductive polymer component having a molecular weight maximum in the molecular weight of 2000 to 23000 in terms of polyethylene glycol, catalyst performance and durability With a better relationship. More preferably, the maximum value of the molecular weight is large, and the maximum value of the molecular weight of the other component is in the range of 60000-90000. When the maximum molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol exceeds 120,000, the viscosity of the composition increases, which tends to be undesirable for handling.
- the method for preparing a polymer composition having a plurality of such molecular weight maximum values is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- Proton conducting ports with simply different molecular weight distributions A technique of mixing the limer at an arbitrary ratio is simple.
- alcohols, ethers, and ketones that can be used as a solvent are configured to have a carbon number power or less in consideration of the influence of poisoning on the catalyst and the handling property as a catalyst ink.
- More preferred alcoholic solvents include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanole, hexanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethanol, 2-methyl 1-propanol, 3-methyl 1-butyl. Tanol, 1 ethoxy-2-propanol, 3-methoxybutanol, etc. are examples that can be suitably used.
- ether solvents examples include jetyl ether, ethyl methyl ethereole, ethylene glyconoresin methinore ethereol, diethylene glyconole monomethylo ether, methylal, and 1,4 dioxane.
- ketone solvents examples include acetone, jetyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 2-hexanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and 2-heptanone.
- examples of the -tolyl solvent include acetonitrile. These can be combined.
- an organic solvent selected from ketones or ethers or the combined use of ketones or ethers and alcohols tends to make the composition easier to handle even at high proton-conducting polymer concentrations. Yes, solvents containing water together with these solvents can be handled better.
- a method of substituting the solvent during polymerization with another solvent for example, a method of obtaining a solid proton-conductive polymer and then dissolving and dispersing in a solvent suitable for the composition of the present invention may be employed. it can.
- a method for removing the solvent at the time of polymerization there is a method of removing the solvent by evaporation from the reaction solution after completion of the polymerization reaction and washing the residue as necessary.
- reaction The polymer can also be precipitated as a solid by adding the solution in a solvent in which the proton conducting polymer has low solubility, and the polymer can be obtained by filtration of the precipitate.
- the salt produced during the polymerization reaction can be dissolved and removed in water, which is a good method for purifying the proton conducting polymer.
- a method for removing the residue it can be removed by filtration in addition to the washing operation.
- the obtained aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer can be dissolved and dispersed in a mixed solution consisting of a polymerization solvent or other organic solvent in the form of a salt such as a sulfonate. It is also possible to treat the polymer once in an acidic solvent such as an aqueous sulfuric acid solution or an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and then wash it with water to convert it into an acid form and then dissolve and disperse it in an arbitrary solvent. When converting to the acid form, it is common to treat with an excess of acid, so the polymer may contain an excess of acid. Therefore, it is desirable to remove excess acid component by repeating washing with water after conversion to acid form. At this time, since salt is contained in the water used for washing, there is a possibility that the functional group of the acid type is converted into the salt type. It is preferable to use water.
- an acidic solvent such as an aqueous sulfuric acid solution or an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution
- the proportion of water in the proton-conductive polymer composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 45% by mass. It is preferably in the range of -40% by mass, more preferably in the range of 1-20% by mass, even more preferably in the range of 2-15% by mass.
- the amount of water in the mixed solvent exceeds 45% by mass, particularly when a composition containing a high concentration proton-conductive polymer is obtained, the viscosity of the composition tends to be high.
- the proportion of water is less than 1% by mass, the proton conductive polymer remains in a solid state, so that it tends to be difficult to obtain a homogeneous composition. It may be a problem when obtaining a dispersion.
- the ratio of water in the composition is within a range of 10 to 40% by mass (the rest is an organic solvent). In order to improve the handleability of objects, it is desirable that water is in the range of 10 to 30% by mass. At this time, if the amount of water in the mixed solvent exceeds 40% by mass, the proton conductive polymer Tends to be hardly dissolved or dispersed in the composition. Even when dissolved and dispersed, the viscosity tends to be very high, and it may be difficult to handle as a composition. On the other hand, when the proportion of water is less than 10% by mass, it tends to ignite when a catalyst ink is prepared by mixing the composition with a catalyst, which tends to be unfavorable for safety.
- the proportion of the organic solvent in the mixed solvent of water and the organic solvent is preferably in the range of 50 to 98 mass%.
- the proportion of the organic solvent is less than 50% by mass, the composition has a high viscosity and tends to be particularly difficult to handle.
- the proportion of the organic solvent exceeds 98% by mass, the concentration of the proton conductive polymer becomes low, which may not be effective when preparing the catalyst ink. More preferably, it is in the range of 60 to 95% by mass.
- the concentration of the proton conductive polymer in the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by mass. If the concentration of the proton conductive polymer is less than 1% by mass, it may not be effective when preparing a catalyst ink with a small amount of polymer in the composition. Conversely, if it exceeds 30% by mass, the proton conductive polymer However, it tends to be difficult to dissolve and disperse in the proton conductive polymer composition, and even when dissolved and dispersed, the viscosity tends to be high and handling tends to be difficult.
- the concentration of the proton conductive polymer is in the range of 1 to 25% by mass, it can be handled particularly well, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20% by mass, and still more preferably in the range of 3 to 15%. It is in the range of mass%. Further, in the case of a proton conductive polymer composition having a structural viscosity within the range of 5 to 20% by mass, it is preferable in that the composition can be handled easily.
- the structure of the aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer in the composition is dissolved (uniformly spread state) or dispersed (part containing polymer). And only the solvent consists of components that exist separately) or are in an intermediate state.
- the structure in the composition is considered to change depending on the combination of the type and amount of water and organic solvent. Considering the behavior when dissolving and dispersing in a mixed solvent, the aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conducting polymer is swollen with water, and then the dissolution and dispersion are accelerated by adding an organic solvent.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons in mixed solvents When the elementary proton conductive polymer has a dispersed structure, it can be presumed that it has a micellar structure swollen mainly by water and the micelles are dispersed in an organic solvent. Also, due to the characteristics of the organic solvent, it is estimated that as the compatibility between the organic solvent and the polymer / water increases, it approaches the dissolved state.
- the composition of the present invention tends to be more preferably dissolved and dispersed uniformly so that there is no separation such as precipitation.
- This can be achieved by adding a pre-prepared mixed solution of water and one organic solvent, or by adding water or the like as the first solvent having a relatively large solubility parameter to the proton conducting polymer. After swelling, an organic solvent or the like can be added as a second solvent having a solubility parameter smaller than that of the first solvent, and mixing or heating can be performed by a physical method represented by stirring or the like. .
- homogenizing by the former method it takes more time than the production method of the present invention, which is not desirable when considering productivity. Moreover, it may remain in an undissolved state.
- the latter is superior in terms of easy preparation of the composition.
- the amount of water added is small, the amount of water is small compared to the amount of polymer. Only a part of the polymer contains water.
- a composition is prepared by adding a solvent, the time required for homogenization tends to increase. Therefore, it is preferable to add a force organic solvent by spreading the water as evenly as possible. This tendency becomes more prominent as the amount of polymer increases.
- a method for evenly distributing moisture it is effective to take a physical method such as stirring, and it is also effective to take a thermal method when heated. You can also leave it in any environment and wait for the water to spread naturally. You can also use these methods together.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer used in preparing the composition of the present invention has a larger apparent surface area such as a fine powder than a large block.
- the solvent is distributed and can be handled well immediately. In water and organic solvents used as solvents, attention must be paid to purity so that impurities that poison the catalyst are not included. There is a possibility that the solvent used during the polymerization of the polymer may remain in the polymer. Since the solvent during the polymerization may adversely affect the performance of the fuel cell, it is preferable to remove it as much as possible. Optimally, 0% by weight or It is preferable to remove it to the vicinity, but it is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the present invention when a composition in which a proton conductive polymer is not dispersed in a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent but is dissolved in a polymer solvent is used to produce a fuel cell electrode, the present invention is used. When the performance is lower than when an electrode made using the composition according to the method is used, a result is recognized.
- the extinction coefficient of the composition is larger than 0.3 cm- 1 and the fuel cell made using the composition has a large voltage drop in the high current density region and tends not to have good performance. It is in. More preferably, the extinction coefficient is in the range of 0 to 0.15 cm— lo 1 , more preferably 0.0001 to 0.00.
- the voltage drop at a high current density is estimated from the fact that it is generally considered to be diffusion controlled by fuel or oxygen, and when a composition having an extinction coefficient of more than 0.3 cm / ⁇ — 1 is used, Are prone to close packing. However, even in this case, it is possible to show good power generation performance in the low current density region.
- the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention preferably exhibits a structural viscosity, that is, a phenomenon in which the viscosity is greatly reduced when a shearing force is applied.
- a structural viscosity that is, a phenomenon in which the viscosity is greatly reduced when a shearing force is applied.
- it is particularly important to select the amount of water and the type of organic solvent at an appropriate composition ratio.
- the catalyst ink is excellent, but the fluidity is lowered when the shearing force disappears, so that the problem that the once coated catalyst ink flows can be reduced. As a result, a catalyst layer with better uniformity can be formed.
- the viscosity of the catalyst ink is high in a stationary state, it has a merit that the catalyst can be stored in a well dispersed state.
- the viscosity of the proton conductive polymer composition in a static state is small. Both are preferably 1 Pa's or more. If the viscosity is less than lPa's, even if the composition exhibits structural viscosity, the viscosity is essentially low, so it is difficult to take advantage of the characteristics of the composition exhibiting structural viscosity.
- the proton conductive polymer composition showing the structural viscosity defined in the present invention is a frequency of 40 (1 Z seconds) when the frequency when measured with an E-type viscometer is changed to 2 (1 Z seconds) force to 40 (1 Z seconds)
- the proton conductive polymer composition has a viscosity of 1Z3 or less at a frequency of 2 (1 Zsec), more preferably a proton conductive polymer composition of 1Z5 or less.
- the proton-conductive polymer composition of the present invention may contain an antioxidant !, and in this case, it is possible to improve the durability of the fuel cell.
- the type and amount of the anti-oxidation agent are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of affinity with the polymer, an antioxidant containing an aromatic structure in the molecule, such as a hindered phenol. Hinderdamine-based anti-oxidants can be used satisfactorily. In addition, it is particularly good when an antioxidant is mixed in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass with respect to the proton conducting polymer, and when it is less than 0.01% by mass, the acid is prevented.
- the proton-conductive polymer composition of the present invention may contain, for example, a heat stabilizer, a cross-linking agent, an antistatic agent, an antifoaming agent, a polymerization inhibitor, silica particles, and the like, if necessary, in addition to the antioxidant. It may also contain various additives such as inorganic compounds such as alumina particles, titer particles and phosphotungstic acid particles, inorganic-organic hybrid compounds, and ionic liquids.
- a catalyst ink for use in preparing a fuel cell electrode is not particularly limited, and a known technique can be used.
- the catalyst used in the catalyst ink can be selected appropriately from the viewpoint of acid resistance and catalytic activity, but platinum group metals and alloys and oxides thereof are particularly preferable.
- platinum or a platinum-based alloy is suitable for application to a force sword electrode
- platinum or platinum-based alloy or an alloy of platinum and ruthenium is suitable for high-efficiency power generation when considering application to an anode electrode. Speak.
- a catalyst ink can be produced by mixing the catalyst appropriately selected and the composition of the present invention. At this time, after preparing a mixed ink of the catalyst and the composition, once the solvent is removed, catalyst particles having the catalyst surface covered with the proton conductive polymer are formed, and then the catalyst ink is dissolved again in the solvent. Is possible. If the amount of water in the composition is particularly small, it may ignite depending on the type of the catalyst. Therefore, the catalyst should contain a small amount of water in advance, and then the composition of the present invention is added. Is also effective. Cooling is also effective. Components other than the catalyst and the composition of the present invention may be contained.
- a catalyst layer obtained by developing and drying the catalyst ink thus prepared is formed on a proton-conductive electrolyte membrane, thereby producing an electrode'electrolyte membrane assembly.
- a gas diffusion layer composed of a force such as a porous carbon non-woven fabric or carbon paper having a role of effectively transporting the current collector and the fuel exists outside the catalyst layer.
- the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer may be collectively referred to as an electrode, but the electrode in the present invention has a structure including the catalyst layer, and the catalyst layer itself or the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer are combined. Includes both shapes.
- an electrolyte membrane having a structure shown by the aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer in the present invention that is, made of a proton conductive polymer having an aromatic or aromatic ring is preferable.
- a fluorine-based proton electrolyte membrane is used, the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane tends to peel off due to the difference in characteristics.
- the electrode produced using the composition of the present invention can bring out the catalyst performance satisfactorily, and is excellent for a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membrane having an aromatic or aromatic ring that attracts attention. It is excellent in having excellent adhesiveness.
- the catalyst ink of the present invention is applied to carbon paper. After uniformly coating and drying on top, a method of thermocompression bonding to the electrolyte membrane, or after forming a catalyst layer on various films instead of carbon paper, thermal transfer to the electrolyte membrane, and further with a porous carbon layer The technique of superimposing can be taken. When thermocompression bonding or thermal transfer is performed under a condition in which the moisture content of the electrolyte membrane and Z or the electrode layer is controlled, a better electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly can be obtained.
- the gas diffusibility of the catalyst layer is improved by adding a hydrophobic substance or a foaming agent to the catalyst layer as appropriate, or by forming a catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane and then hydrophobizing the surface.
- a technique is one of the techniques for producing a good electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly.
- a method of forming a catalyst layer using a proton conductive polymer composition having a structural viscosity a method in which a catalyst ink is coated on a film and dried is thermally transferred to an electrolyte membrane.
- the catalyst ink of the present invention is used, the catalyst ink is a highly fluid catalyst ink in the step of coating the catalyst ink, and a good ink layer can be formed. Further, after coating, the viscosity of the catalyst ink rises and becomes fluidized, so that the form when coated can be maintained, and as a result, a catalyst layer with excellent uniformity can be obtained.
- the catalyst layer can be formed on the electrolyte membrane in a better shape.
- the catalyst layer formed by spraying can be a catalyst layer having excellent uniformity because the ink does not flow easily.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conductive polymer in the present invention has the structure shown, that is, the main chain strength of the polymer, aromatic alone, or aromatic ring and ether bond, sulfone. Bond, imide bond, ester bond, amide bond, urethane bond, sulfide bond, carbonate bond and ketone bond strength
- an electrolyte membrane made of a proton conductive polymer having at least one selected linking group Particularly good electrode 'electrolyte membrane assembly can be obtained.
- Fluorine proton electrolyte membrane When using, the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane tends to peel off due to the difference in characteristics.
- the electrode produced using the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention does not adversely affect the performance of the fuel cell and has good adhesion to a proton conductive membrane having an aromatic or aromatic ring as described above. It is particularly excellent in that it has properties. In addition, the good uniformity of the catalyst layer works as an element of excellent bonding properties. It is important for the electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly to prevent large resistance from being generated between the membrane and electrode, and to ensure that no mechanical force causes peeling or peeling of the electrode catalyst. It is. When joining an electrode and an electrolyte membrane by thermocompression bonding or thermal transfer, it is possible to obtain a better electrode 'electrolyte membrane assembly if the electrolyte membrane and / or the moisture content of the electrode are controlled.
- the gas diffusivity inside the catalyst layer is improved by adding a hydrophobic substance or foaming agent to the catalyst layer as appropriate, or by forming a catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane and then subjecting the surface to a hydrophobic treatment.
- a hydrophobic substance or foaming agent to the catalyst layer as appropriate, or by forming a catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane and then subjecting the surface to a hydrophobic treatment.
- the conditions for thermocompression bonding and thermal transfer are not particularly limited, and can be performed within a range of 110 to 250 ° C., for example. Particularly preferred is 120 to 200 ° C.
- a fuel cell can also be produced using the electrode 'electrolyte membrane assembly of the present invention, and the produced fuel cell is particularly excellent in that it maintains good performance' joinability over a long period of time.
- a fuel cell can also be produced using the electrode 'electrolyte membrane assembly of the present invention, and the produced fuel cell is particularly excellent in terms of maintaining good performance' bondability over a long period of time. .
- the amount of acid type functional groups present in the proton conducting polymer was measured.
- the polymer powder was purged with nitrogen in an 80 ° C oven. It was dried for 2 hours under flow, and further allowed to cool for 30 minutes in a desiccator filled with silica gel, and then the dry mass (Ws) was measured.
- Ws dry mass
- 200 ml of a 1 mol Zl sodium chloride ultrapure aqueous solution and a weighed sample as described above were placed in a 200 ml sealed glass bottle and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours while being sealed. It was then filtered through a glass filter. 30 ml of the filtrate was taken out, neutralized with 10 mM sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (commercial standard solution), and IEC was determined from the titration (T) using the following formula.
- the molecular weight of the proton conducting polymer was measured by GP C as the molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol.
- GP C molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol.
- Shodex GPC SYSTEM-21 was used as a measuring device.
- Power ram is TOSOH TSKgel G2000H on two TOSOH TSKgel GMX columns
- the solvent used was N-dimethylformamide in which 30 mM LiBr and 60 mM phosphoric acid were dissolved, the temperature was 40 ° C, and the flow rate was 0.7 ml / min.
- An RI detector was used as the detector. The molecular weight was calculated and calculated in terms of standard polyethylene glycol. The sample was dissolved in a solvent so that the solid content was 0.05% by mass, and 20 1 was poured.
- Absorbance (E) for visible light at 750 nm was measured with a HITACHI U-2001 type double beam spectrophotometer in accordance with JIS K0115 (2004) “Abstract spectrophotometric rules”.
- a mixture of only a solvent not containing a proton conductive polymer was used.
- An iodine tungsten lamp was used as the light source.
- the absorbance ( ⁇ ) can be obtained from the following formula.
- E log (lo / lt) (Io: intensity of incident light It: intensity of transmitted light)
- Proton-conducting polymer powder is dissolved in ⁇ -methylpyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.5 g / dl. Viscosity was measured using a Ubbelohde viscometer in a thermostatic chamber at 0 ° C! ⁇ , logarithmic viscosity ln [taZ tb] Zc was evaluated (ta is the sample solution fall time, tb is the solvent-only drop time) Number, c is the polymer concentration).
- the electrode 'electrolyte membrane assembly is incorporated into a cell for fuel cell evaluation, and the fuel cell evaluation device manufactured by NF circuit design block is used.
- the cell temperature is 40 ° C and the fuel on the anode side is 5 mol Z liter.
- Aging was performed by generating electricity for 5 hours while supplying methanol aqueous solution (prepared from special grade methanol and ultrapure water) and air to the power sword side.
- the initial performance was evaluated by examining the open circuit voltage (V), the voltage (V) when the constant current discharge test was performed with lOOmAZcm 2 and the resistance ( ⁇ ⁇ 'cm 2 ) determined by the current interruption method. did.
- composition A1 was obtained as a proton conductive polymer composition according to Example 1A.
- the proton conductive polymer contained in the composition A1 is 5% by mass.
- the ratio of water in the mixed solvent of water and organic solvent is 13% by mass. Table 2 shows the solvent composition of composition A1 and the extinction coefficient at 750 nm.
- a composition ink A1 was added to a commercially available 40% platinum-supported carbon catalyst or 54% platinum Z ruthenium-supported carbon catalyst (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and stirred until uniform to obtain a catalyst ink for a fuel cell.
- the mass ratio of the catalyst-supporting carbon and the proton conductive polymer contained in the composition A1 was adjusted to be 1: 0.31.
- the catalyst ink was applied onto commercially available carbon paper (E-Tek) using a doctor blade, and then dried to produce an electrode for a fuel cell.
- E-Tek commercially available carbon paper
- an electrode prepared using a catalyst ink containing a platinum Z ruthenium-supported carbon catalyst was used as an anode electrode
- an electrode prepared using a catalyst ink containing a platinum-supported carbon catalyst was used as a force sword electrode.
- hydrophilic carbon paper was used for the anode electrode carbon paper
- hydrophobic carbon paper was used for the carbon paper for the power sword electrode.
- the above electrolyte membrane is allowed to stand for 3 hours in an atmosphere of 20 ° C and humidity of 65RH%, and after equilibrating with moisture, in the same environment, the above two types of electrodes (anode electrode and force sword electrode) are used to face the catalyst layer.
- the above two types of electrodes anode electrode and force sword electrode
- the laminate of this electrode and electrolyte membrane was sandwiched between two stainless steel plates together with a gasket.
- the electrode and the electrolyte membrane were joined by hot pressing at 130 ° C. under pressure.
- the electrode and the electrolyte membrane assembly were obtained by taking it out while being sandwiched between stainless plates and naturally cooling to room temperature.
- composition D1 was obtained as a proton-conductive polymer composition of Comparative Example 1A.
- the proton conducting polymer contained in the composition D1 is 5% by mass.
- the ratio of water in the mixed solvent of water and organic solvent is 6.7% by mass. Table 2 shows the solvent composition of composition D1 and the extinction coefficient at 750 nm.
- an electrode of Comparative Example 1A was produced in the same manner as in Example 1A.
- spots were conspicuous in the catalyst layer as compared with the electrode of Example 1A.
- the amount of coating as a catalyst may have been partially different because precipitation was observed in a portion of the catalyst that had a low viscosity in the catalyst ink state. In addition, it seems that even after the application of the catalyst ink, the fluidity of the catalyst layer was high.
- Example 1A The proton-conducting polymer of Example 1A in a dry state 3.5 g was charged with 3.25 g of ultrapure water and stirred for 5 minutes with a hybrid mixer (Keyence) to distribute the moisture evenly. Next, 3.25 g of isopropanol was obtained.
- a composition E1 was obtained as a proton conductive polymer composition of Comparative Example 2A.
- the composition E1 was not completely homogenized and was in a state of solidifying in a jelly shape, and was not capable of being handled as a good proton conductive polymer composition. For this reason, production of the electrode and electrode'electrolyte membrane assembly was stopped.
- the proton conductive polymer contained in the composition E1 is 35% by mass.
- the proportion of water in the mixed solvent of water and organic solvent is 50% by mass. is there.
- Table 2 shows the solvent composition of composition El and the extinction coefficient at 750 nm.
- Table 2 shows the solvent composition of composition F1 and the extinction coefficient at 750 nm. Similar to Comparative Example 1A, the spots on the catalyst layer were large.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the viscosity and the frequency (cutting speed) of the proton-conductive polymer compositions of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of evaluating the viscosities of the proton conductive polymer yarns of Examples 1A, 2A, 3A and Comparative Example 1A.
- the proton conductive polymer composition of the example is a composition in which the viscosity sharply decreases as the frequency increases, that is, a composition showing structural viscosity, while the proton conductive polymer composition of the comparative example is It was found that the composition had little dependence on the viscosity frequency (ie, shear rate). Comparing the handling properties when the catalyst ink was used, the catalyst ink of Example 1A showed good dispersibility without any observation of catalyst precipitation, etc. In part, problems with catalyst precipitation were observed. Therefore, the proton conductive polymer composition according to the present invention was better in handling and properties when preparing a catalyst ink for a fuel cell. Although the catalyst ink of Example 1 A had a high viscosity in a stationary state, it seemed difficult to mix when preparing the catalyst ink. When stirring was started, the viscosity suddenly decreased, so it was possible to immediately make a uniform catalyst ink.
- Table 3 shows the results of evaluating the power generation performance using the electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly of Example 1A and Comparative Examples 1A and 3A.
- Example 1A had a good bonded state with a smaller resistance value than the electrode of the comparative example.
- Example 1A and Comparative Example 1A there is a difference in resistance value even though the same proton conductive polymer is contained in the same amount in the electrode. This is presumably because the uniformity of the catalyst layer was superior in the examples.
- the resistance value of the fuel cell using the electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly of Comparative Example 3A significantly increased.
- the bonded body of the electrode containing the catalyst ink produced using the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention and the electrolyte membrane made of a non-fluorine proton conductive polymer has a poor bonding due to naphthion or the like. I was able to improve the problem.
- the power generation performance shown in the examples is related to a fuel cell of a type using a hydrocarbon fuel as an example, but the electrode 'electrolyte membrane assembly of the present invention uses hydrogen or the like as fuel. It can be used in the same manner in the type of fuel cell.
- the amount of acid type functional groups present in the proton conducting polymer was measured.
- the polymer powder was dried in an oven at 80 ° C. under nitrogen flow for 2 hours, and further allowed to cool in a desiccator filled with silica gel for 30 minutes, and then the dry mass (Ws) was measured.
- Ws dry mass
- 200 ml of a 1 mol Zl sodium chloride ultrapure aqueous solution and a weighed sample as described above were placed in a 200 ml sealed glass bottle and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours while being sealed. It was then filtered through a glass filter. 30 ml of the filtrate was taken out, neutralized with 10 mM sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (commercial standard solution), and IEC was determined from the titration (T) using the following formula.
- the molecular weight of the proton conducting polymer was measured by GP C as the molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol.
- GP C molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol.
- Shodex GPC SYSTEM-21 was used as a measuring device.
- Power ram is TOSOH TSKgel G2000H on two TOSOH TSKgel GMX columns
- the solvent used was N-dimethylformamide in which 30 mM LiBr and 60 mM phosphoric acid were dissolved, the temperature was 40 ° C, and the flow rate was 0.7 ml / min.
- An RI detector was used as the detector. The molecular weight was calculated and calculated in terms of standard polyethylene glycol. The sample was dissolved in a solvent so that the solid content was 0.05% by mass, and 20 1 was poured.
- Proton-conducting polymer powder was dissolved in ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -methylpyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.5 g / dl, and the viscosity was measured using a Ubbelohde viscometer in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C! ⁇ Logarithmic viscosity ln [taZ tb] Evaluated by Zc (ta is the sample solution drop time, tb is the solvent drop time, and c is the polymer concentration).
- the electrode / electrolyte membrane assembly was incorporated into a cell for fuel cell evaluation, and a fuel cell evaluation device made by NF Circuit Design Block Co., Ltd. was used. At a cell temperature of 80 ° C, hydrogen gas was used as the fuel on the anode side. Aging was performed by generating electricity for 16 hours while supplying air to the power sword side. Next, the initial performance was evaluated by examining the current-potential curve. Also while performing a 500-hour constant current continuous discharge test under a current density of 500mAZcm 2, it was measured durability to investigate the stability of the voltage.
- Proton conducting polymers with different molecular weight distributions were synthesized by changing the reaction time. After standing to cool, the precipitated molecular sieve was removed and the mixture was precipitated in water as a strand. The operation of washing the obtained polymer and washing it in boiling water for 1 hour was repeated twice. Next, after immersing in 1 liter of ImolZ liter of aqueous hydrochloric acid solution with stirring overnight, washing again in boiling water for 1 hour was repeated 7 times and then dried under reduced pressure, as shown in Table 4. Of molecular weight in terms of polyethylene glycol Polymers A2, B2, and C2 were produced as different aromatic hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers.
- compositions A2 to L2 were obtained as proton conductive polymer compositions containing 5% by mass of the proton conductive polymer.
- the water used was ultrapure water, and the organic solvent was a reagent-grade grade.
- Table 5 shows the measured extinction coefficients for each composition. Each composition was divided into compositions of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of.
- Example 9B Composition A2 (1) 0.48 Example IB Composition B2 Polymer A2 (2) 0.44 Example 2B Composition C2 (3) -0.001 Example 3B Composition D2 (1) 0.36 Example 4B Composition E2 Polymer B2 (2 ) 0.013 Example 5B Composition F2 (3) -0.001 Example 6B Composition G2 (1) 0.2 Comparative Example 1 B Composition H2 Polymer C2 (2) 0.005 Comparative Example 2B Composition 12 (3) to ⁇ 1 Comparative Example 3B Composition J 2 Polymer A2 + (1) 0.29 Example 7B Composition K2 Polymer C2 (2) 0.15 Example 8B Composition L2 (1/2) (3) -0.001 Example 9B
- each of the above compositions was added to a commercially available 40% platinum-supported carbon catalyst (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and stirred until it became uniform to obtain catalyst inks for fuel cells of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the electrode produced using the composition of the example number is directly used as the electrode of the example number.
- an electrode produced using the composition of Example 1B is the electrode of Example 1B.
- the mass ratio between the catalyst-supporting carbon and the proton conductive polymer contained in the composition was adjusted to be 1: 0.28.
- a catalyst ink was applied to a commercially available carbon paper (E-Tek) and dried to prepare an electrode for a fuel cell.
- E-Tek commercially available carbon paper
- the carbon paper for the anode electrode was hydrophilic force paper
- the carbon paper for the force sword electrode was hydrophobic paper.
- Polymer C2 listed in Table 4 was dissolved in NMP (25%), cast onto a glass plate on a hot plate by the casting method, NMP was distilled off until it became a film, and then immersed in water for a while. It was. Furthermore, the operation of washing with ultrapure water for 1 hour was repeated 5 times. Thereafter, it was put in a frame and dried at room temperature to obtain an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the above electrolyte membrane was equilibrated with moisture in an atmosphere of 20 ° C and humidity of 80RH%, in the same environment, the above two types of electrodes (anode electrode and force sword electrode) caused the catalyst ink coating surface to be the electrolyte.
- the film was sandwiched in contact with the film.
- the laminate of this electrode and electrolyte membrane was sandwiched between two stainless steel plates together with a gasket. Subsequently, the electrode and the electrolyte membrane were joined by hot pressing under pressure at 130 ° C. The sample was taken out while being sandwiched between stainless plates, naturally cooled to room temperature, and then taken out to obtain electrode / electrolyte membrane assemblies of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the electrode 'electrolyte membrane assembly produced using the electrode of the example number is directly used as the electrode' electrolyte membrane assembly of the example number.
- an electrode produced using the electrode of Example 1B is the electrode of Example 1B'electrolyte membrane assembly.
- E (resistance free voltage) Ereal (measured voltage) R (internal resistance) 1 (current density)
- the electrode of the fuel cell it is important depending on the usage method of the fuel cell that the catalyst activity and the gas diffusivity in the electrode are kept good. If the gas diffusibility in the electrode is poor, it tends to be difficult to pass a high current, which is not preferable in this case. From such a viewpoint, the current density value when the voltage was 0.2 V was investigated in the current-potential curves of the fuel cells of Examples 1B to 9B having good catalytic activity. The results are shown in Table 7.
- the fuel cells of Examples 3B and 9B were subjected to continuous power generation for 500 hours, and the durability was compared.
- the voltage force at 0.5 AZcm 2 was initially 0.772 V.
- the force slightly decreased to 68 V.
- the initial voltage was 0. 71V power and others remained almost constant in the range of 0.772V. Therefore, it was possible to operate the fuel cell more satisfactorily by using a composition in which a proton conductive polymer having a higher molecular weight component was mixed with a component having a molecular weight of 2000 to 23000 in terms of polyethylene glycol.
- the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention is a composition in which an aromatic hydrocarbon proton conductive polymer is dispersed or dissolved, and particularly with an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte membrane. Has good bondability.
- Comparative Example 4B a similar durability test was conducted on a fuel cell manufactured using a commercially available naphthion (registered trademark) solution (5% by mass), which is a composition in which a fluorine-based proton conductive polymer is dispersed. Carried out. As a result, the initial voltage was as good as 0.72 V, but after 500 hours, the voltage dropped to 0.6 IV. original In order to identify the cause, the internal resistance of the fuel cell was measured by the current interruption method. As a result, a remarkable increase in resistance was observed when the proton conductive polymer composition of the present invention was used. This is presumed to be due to a decrease in the bondability at the interface between the electrode and the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the power generation performance shown in the above-mentioned embodiment is related to a fuel cell using hydrogen as a fuel as an example.
- the present invention is a type using a hydrocarbon fuel such as methanol. The same applies to a fuel cell.
- a fuel cell electrode catalyst can be blended to stably form a catalyst layer of a fuel cell electrode.
- the catalyst layer exhibits good catalytic performance, and the bonding property between the electrode and the electrolyte membrane is good compared to the joined body of the electrode having the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane. Therefore, the proton conductive polymer composition and the catalyst ink of the present invention are useful not only for a fuel cell using a hydrocarbon fuel but also for a fuel cell using hydrogen or the like as a fuel.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK05800399.7T DK1810997T3 (da) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | Prontonledende polymersammensætning og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling deraf, katalysatorblæk indeholdende den protonledende polymersammensætning og brændselscelle indeholdende nævnte katalysator |
DE602005026839T DE602005026839D1 (de) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | Protonenleitendes polymer enthaltende zusammensetzung und herstellungsverfahren dafür, die protonenleitendes polymer enthaltende zusammensetzung enthaltende katalysatortinte und den katalysator enthaltende brennstoffzelle |
AT05800399T ATE501221T1 (de) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | Protonenleitendes polymer enthaltende zusammensetzung und herstellungsverfahren dafür, die protonenleitendes polymer enthaltende zusammensetzung enthaltende katalysatortinte und den katalysator enthaltende brennstoffzelle |
US11/718,672 US8187734B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | Proton-conducting polymer composition and method for preparation thereof, catalyst ink containing said proton-conducting polymer composition and fuel cell including said catalyst ink |
CN2005800384176A CN101056947B (zh) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | 质子传导性聚合物组合物及其制法、含该质子传导性聚合物组合物的催化剂墨水及含该催化剂墨水的燃料电池 |
EP05800399A EP1810997B1 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | Proton-conducting polymer composition and method for preparation thereof, catalyst ink containing said proton-conducting polymer composition and fuel cell including said catalyst |
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JP2004-326323 | 2004-11-10 | ||
JP2004326323 | 2004-11-10 | ||
JP2005-048844 | 2005-02-24 | ||
JP2005048844A JP4887629B2 (ja) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-02-24 | プロトン伝導性ポリマー組成物、燃料電池電極触媒層用インク及び電極・電解質膜接合体 |
JP2005221063 | 2005-07-29 | ||
JP2005-221063 | 2005-07-29 |
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PCT/JP2005/020353 WO2006051748A1 (ja) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | プロトン伝導性ポリマー組成物およびその製造方法、該プロトン伝導性ポリマー組成物を含む触媒インク、該触媒インクを含む燃料電池 |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US8187734B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1810997B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101056947B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE501221T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602005026839D1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1810997T3 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI312796B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006051748A1 (ja) |
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JP2008031463A (ja) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-02-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子電解質エマルションおよびその用途 |
JP2008103092A (ja) * | 2006-10-17 | 2008-05-01 | Fujitsu Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JP2008218098A (ja) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-18 | Sharp Corp | 燃料電池および電子機器 |
US20100209806A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2010-08-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Membrane electrode assembly |
US20100297528A1 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Alkylated bisphenol-based compound and preparation, sulfonated polyarylene sulfone polymer prepared from the compound, and fuel cell using the polymer |
US8187734B2 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2012-05-29 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton-conducting polymer composition and method for preparation thereof, catalyst ink containing said proton-conducting polymer composition and fuel cell including said catalyst ink |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2006132207A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | スルホン酸基含有ポリマーおよびその製造方法、該スルホン酸基含有ポリマーを含有する樹脂組成物、高分子電解質膜、高分子電解質膜/電極接合体、燃料電池 |
US20080199753A1 (en) * | 2007-02-19 | 2008-08-21 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Fluorine Treatment of Polyelectrolyte Membranes |
JP2011515795A (ja) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-05-19 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | イオン性液体を含有する触媒インクならびに電極、ccm、gdeおよびmeaの製造における該触媒インクの使用 |
JP5000786B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2012-08-15 | 昭和電工株式会社 | インク、該インクを用いて形成される燃料電池用触媒層およびその用途 |
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- 2005-11-07 AT AT05800399T patent/ATE501221T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-07 WO PCT/JP2005/020353 patent/WO2006051748A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-11-07 DK DK05800399.7T patent/DK1810997T3/da active
- 2005-11-07 US US11/718,672 patent/US8187734B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8187734B2 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2012-05-29 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton-conducting polymer composition and method for preparation thereof, catalyst ink containing said proton-conducting polymer composition and fuel cell including said catalyst ink |
JP2008031463A (ja) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-02-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子電解質エマルションおよびその用途 |
JP2008103092A (ja) * | 2006-10-17 | 2008-05-01 | Fujitsu Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JP2008218098A (ja) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-18 | Sharp Corp | 燃料電池および電子機器 |
US20100209806A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2010-08-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Membrane electrode assembly |
US20100297528A1 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Alkylated bisphenol-based compound and preparation, sulfonated polyarylene sulfone polymer prepared from the compound, and fuel cell using the polymer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1810997B1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
EP1810997A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
TWI312796B (en) | 2009-08-01 |
CN101056947A (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
CN101056947B (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
US8187734B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
DE602005026839D1 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
TW200632017A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
ATE501221T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
DK1810997T3 (da) | 2011-05-02 |
US20090269643A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
EP1810997A4 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
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