WO2006043402A1 - 熱電変換モジュール - Google Patents
熱電変換モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006043402A1 WO2006043402A1 PCT/JP2005/017849 JP2005017849W WO2006043402A1 WO 2006043402 A1 WO2006043402 A1 WO 2006043402A1 JP 2005017849 W JP2005017849 W JP 2005017849W WO 2006043402 A1 WO2006043402 A1 WO 2006043402A1
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- thermoelectric conversion
- conversion module
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion module. Specifically, the present invention relates to a thermoelectric conversion module with improved thermoelectric conversion efficiency.
- thermoelectric modules that convert thermal energy and electrical energy to each other are composed of a combination of one or more P-type and N-type thermoelectric semiconductors that use the thermoelectric effect known as the Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, and Thomson effect. Has become mainstream.
- Thermoelectric conversion modules are expected to be used in a wide range because they are simple in structure, easy to handle, and can maintain their characteristics easily and stably. In particular, in local cooling using the Peltier effect, precise temperature control is possible, so research and development are widely promoted to realize temperature control of optoelectronic devices, semiconductor lasers, etc., and compact refrigerators. It has been.
- thermoelectric power generation using the Seebeck effect is that an electromotive force is generated due to a temperature difference between a junction of a dissimilar conductor having one end connected to the other end.
- An N-type semiconductor element and a P-type semiconductor It is known that a large electromotive force can be obtained by using an element.
- thermoelectric conversion modules since the temperature difference between the two ends greatly affects the electromotive force, a heat absorption part is provided on one side, a heat dissipation part is provided on the other side, and a thermoelectric conversion part is provided in the middle. It is common to have a structure that exists. In these structures, thermal and Z or electrical connections are formed between each member. The loss due to electrical and Z or thermal contact resistance at these connections is surprisingly large. Especially for thermoelectric conversion at medium and high temperatures exceeding 400 ° C, it cannot be ignored at all.
- thermoelectric conversion module that exhibits high thermoelectric conversion performance (electric power output and energy conversion efficiency) in the middle to high temperature range of 400 ° C or higher is required.
- thermoelectric conversion modules it is necessary to develop a connection means between members that can alleviate thermal stress and prevent element diffusion.
- thermoelectric conversion element having a high thermoelectric conversion efficiency in a medium to high temperature range of 400 ° C or higher, generally 400 ° C to 600 ° C
- a skutterudite such as a conoleto-antimony (Co-Sb) based semiconductor
- Thermoelectric conversion elements such as skutterudite compounds and skutterudite compounds filled with ytterbium (Yb) have been developed.
- silicon-germanium (Si-Ge) systems and the like as thermoelectric conversion elements having excellent conversion characteristics at high temperatures.
- thermoelectric conversion module used at medium and high temperatures
- thermoelectric conversion module when a P-type element and an N-type element are connected by an electrode, the thermoelectric element and the electrode are joined via a soldering material such as solder or a silver candy.
- thermoelectric conversion element in which a thermoelectric conversion element body and an electrode are integrated by performing plasma bonding by energization with a large current in a state where a material constituted by a thermoelectric semiconductor material and an electrode material are in pressure contact with each other (Patent Document 1), by performing spark plasma sintering (SPS) in a state where the thermoelectric semiconductor material and the electrode material are in pressure contact with each other, A method of manufacturing a thermoelectric conversion element in which a thermoelectric element body and an electrode are integrated is also known (Patent Document 2).
- thermoelectric elements or the thermoelectric element and the metal electrode are connected in direct contact with each other.
- the element diffuses to the other party.
- the element of the electrode member diffuses into the thermoelectric element, which causes a decrease in the thermoelectric performance over time.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a diffusion prevention layer is formed on the thermoelectric conversion element by nickel plating having a thickness of 7 m or more. However, even nickel, which is considered to be relatively difficult to diffuse, may diffuse in the middle and high temperature range.
- Patent Document 4 uses an alloy containing Ti, Zr, Cu, and Ni between a P-type thermoelectric semiconductor and an N-type thermoelectric semiconductor, or between these thermoelectric semiconductors and an electrode.
- a bonding layer made of an alloy newly formed by diffusion of the brazing material and both members to be bonded is formed. In this case as well, diffusion is suppressed to some extent due to the presence of Zr.
- the diffusion of copper, nickel, etc. to the thermoelectric element cannot be denied, and the deterioration of the performance of the thermoelectric conversion element is avoided. Absent.
- thermoelectric semiconductor element spraying material titanium Ti, layer thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more) 100 ⁇ m or less
- thermoelectric element that directly bonds to a metal electrode to realize a diffusion prevention layer and thermal stress relaxation layer and a method for manufacturing the same
- thermoelectric conversion efficiency since these pores also serve as a place for the formation of the sprayed metal layer and the heat-diffused brazing metal oxide layer, it also increases the electrical resistance of the device, resulting in a decrease in thermoelectric conversion efficiency. It will be.
- the thermal spray material usually used for such a thermal spray layer is not necessary if the layer with a lot of refractory metal is thin. Porosity is likely to cause element diffusion and become a place, and cracks and the like due to thermal stress are likely to occur. Also, if the layer is too thick, both thermal resistance and electrical resistance increase, which is disadvantageous for thermoelectric conversion performance.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique in which a thermoelectric member is directly bonded to a metal electrode through a Ti metal foil, which is a refractory metal, by the SPS method.
- the thermoelectric conversion module structure is limited to the production of thermoelectric elements in which metal electrodes are bonded to thermoelectric members, and is indispensable for improving the conversion performance of thermoelectric conversion modules. It does not take into account the heat conduction of the heat transfer section.
- thermoelectric conversion element and the heat absorbing portion and Z or the heat radiating portion (hereinafter also referred to as heat transfer portion) must be electrically insulated.
- a temperature difference such as a temperature drop that occurs in an electrical insulation member inserted to ensure electrical insulation between the thermoelectric conversion part and the heat transfer part and a slight gap between them is a thermoelectric of the thermoelectric conversion module.
- the conversion performance is greatly affected.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method for improving heat recovery characteristics by fixing the heat transfer section and the thermoelectric element and integrating the thermoelectric conversion element and the heat exchanger (heat transfer section). It is disclosed.
- the low temperature side heat exchange member is made of aluminum (A1), and this is anodized to form an electrical insulating layer, which is soldered or brazed to the thermoelectric conversion element.
- the high-temperature side heat exchanger member is made of stainless steel, and the contact surface with the module electrode is electrically insulated to form an electrical insulation layer in order to provide electrical insulation. It has a structure that can be slid by pressing and contacting without joining.
- V has not been solved yet, and it has come to realize the good heat conduction characteristics to improve the thermoelectric conversion performance.
- the present inventors have proposed a hot-pump in a non-acidic atmosphere such as a vacuum or an N gas atmosphere.
- thermoelectric semiconductors and metal electrodes By inserting a metal foil piece containing hydrogen between many metals including thermoelectric semiconductors and metal electrodes, etc., and between a highly heat conductive ceramic and metal, A method of forming a strong bonding layer between the two members without melting the metal once the hydrogen occluded in the metal foil is released and the metal foil is activated by dehydrogenation.
- examples include skutterudite-based thermoelectric semiconductors, filled skutterudite-based thermoelectric semiconductors, and bismuth-tellurium-based thermoelectric semiconductors and metal electrodes such as copper. The joint with the member is presented.
- the present invention solves the problem of connection between members in a thermoelectric conversion module that is used under medium and high temperatures by utilizing a powerful technique.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-74986
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-102645
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-65222
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-84140
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-309294
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-325470
- thermoelectric conversion module that is particularly efficient at medium and high temperatures, such as 400 ° C. or higher, and that the force is extremely unlikely to deteriorate over time or degrade performance. With the goal.
- thermoelectric conversion module comprising a thermoelectric conversion part, a heat absorption part, and a heat dissipation part, wherein the thermoelectric conversion part and the heat absorption part are bonded and integrated together via a stress relaxation layer. It is a featured thermoelectric conversion module.
- the present invention further relates to a thermoelectric conversion module in which a thermoelectric conversion portion, a heat absorption portion, and a heat dissipation portion are fixed and integrated.
- the member constituting at least one of the heat absorbing portion and the heat radiating portion is a ceramic, and the member made of the ceramic is fixed and integrated with the thermoelectric conversion portion.
- the present invention is further characterized in that at least one of the heat absorbing portion and the heat radiating portion is made of a metal member, and the surface of the member with respect to the thermoelectric conversion portion is made non-conductive.
- thermoelectric conversion portion includes an N-type thermoelectric conversion element, a P-type thermoelectric conversion element, and an electrode connecting them. It is modular.
- thermoelectric conversion module characterized in that it contains at least one of tellurium (Bi-Te) alloys.
- the present invention further includes an N-type thermoelectric conversion element, a P-type thermoelectric conversion element, an electrode that connects the N-type thermoelectric conversion element and the P-type thermoelectric conversion element, a heat absorption part, and a heat dissipation part. At least one of the connecting portions is connected with the metal foil having the hydrogen occluded between the connecting portions, and then subjected to heat treatment to be connected via the metal foil!
- the thermoelectric conversion module according to (5) or (6), wherein
- the present invention is the thermoelectric conversion module according to (1), wherein the stress relaxation layer is titanium or a titanium alloy.
- thermoelectric conversion module including a thermoelectric conversion part, a heat absorption part, and a heat dissipation part
- at least the thermoelectric conversion part and the heat absorption part are fixedly integrated through a stress relaxation layer. Therefore, thermoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by significantly reducing heat loss due to contact resistance in the hot area.
- the present invention provides a metal by interposing a hydrogen-occluded metal, particularly titanium or a titanium alloy, on the joint surface, and simply releasing hydrogen without melting titanium by heating.
- a hydrogen-occluded metal particularly titanium or a titanium alloy
- the electrode metal and the member of the heat absorption part for example, a good heat transfer ceramic such as aluminum nitride
- the former is connected between the members. Very effectively suppress the diffusion of elements
- the thermal stress is relieved, and the latter makes it possible to relieve the thermal stress and to effectively use the nonconductivity of ceramics.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric conversion module in which a heat absorption part and a thermoelectric conversion part are joined together by bonding.
- FIG. 2-A is a cross-sectional view of the components of the thermoelectric conversion part.
- Fig. 2-B is a cross-sectional view of each member centered on the thermoelectric conversion part (the thermoelectric conversion part is a segment type).
- FIG. 3 is an assembled cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric conversion module in which a heat absorption part and a thermoelectric conversion part are joined together by joining.
- Bonding material metal foil or alloy foil with hydrogen absorption
- thermoelectric conversion module there are mainly the following five locations as member joints for transmitting heat and electricity.
- thermoelectric conversion element thermoelectric semiconductor
- thermoelectric semiconductors (3) In some cases, between thermoelectric semiconductors.
- thermoelectric element Between the thermoelectric element and the heat radiation side electrode. (5) Between the heat sink side electrode and the heat sink.
- the material constituting the electrode in addition to obtaining good electrical conduction, the material constituting the electrode, generally, metal elements such as copper and aluminum are prevented from diffusing into the thermoelectric conversion element. It is necessary to relieve the thermal stress caused by the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the two members.
- thermoelectric semiconductors At the junction (3), it is important to maintain good electrical conductivity and to reversibly prevent element diffusion between thermoelectric semiconductors.
- thermoelectric conversion module In the manufacture of the thermoelectric conversion module, the present inventors consider the various conditions required for each of the joints, and adopt an optimum joining method corresponding to each joint part to thereby obtain a thermoelectric conversion.
- the present invention has been completed by paying attention to the fact that the efficiency of the module can be further improved, particularly that the heat transfer between the heat absorption part and the thermoelectric conversion element is greatly affected.
- thermoelectric conversion portion and the heat absorption portion are fixed and integrated with each other via the stress relaxation layer.
- thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention is divided into a heat radiating section 1, a thermoelectric conversion section 2 and a heat absorbing section 3 (in Fig. 1, it is divided into a heat transfer section 3a and a heat collecting fin 3b.
- the endothermic part 3 is in contact with the waste heat source to be recovered directly or through a pipe, a container or a heat exchanger wall.
- the fins are present in waste heat such as high-temperature gas, and heat is recovered by utilizing the large surface area of the heat collecting fins 3b.
- thermoelectric conversion part and the heat transfer part 3a of the heat absorption part 3 are integrated with each other through a thermal stress relaxation layer.
- the heat transfer part is made of non-conductive ceramics with good thermal conductivity, such as aluminum nitride or alumina, it is necessary to consider the electrical insulation between the thermoelectric conversion part and the heat absorption part.
- a conductor such as nickel, mild steel, or stainless steel
- a known passivation treatment such as formation of an oxide film with an oxidizing agent may be performed.
- a stress relaxation layer is interposed between the thermoelectric conversion part and the heat absorption part.
- a metal member having a linear expansion coefficient between the members (generally electrode members) that are in contact with the heat absorption part of the thermoelectric conversion part and the members of the heat absorption part is used.
- titanium and titanium alloys are preferred.
- the means for fixing and fixing the thermoelectric conversion portion and the heat absorption portion is not particularly limited, and the force that can be brazed by the SPS method according to the characteristics of each member In order to avoid the problem of thermal stress between them, it is desirable to relax the thermal stress with a stress relaxation layer interposed between the two members.
- thermoelectric conversion element it has been conventionally difficult to sufficiently prevent the mutual diffusion of elements between the thermoelectric conversion element and the electrode metal, and there is also a problem due to heating.
- a brazing method is generally used as a method for fixing the thermoelectric element member and the electrode metal, so that high heat is required, the thermoelectric element is destroyed or deformed, or the element diffuses during melting. This is not a reason that cannot be used, but it is not a particularly preferable means.
- thermoelectric conversion portion when joining between the heat absorbing portion and the electrode portion of the thermoelectric conversion portion, and between the members such as the metal electrode portion and the thermoelectric semiconductor element, between the two members to be joined, A method of releasing the stored hydrogen by heating the metal foil having the surface layer occluded with hydrogen so that the hydrogen storage surface forms an interface between the two members.
- This is a method for causing both members to function as a bonding material.
- this method has a feature that it can be carried out without using a special joining material, such as a sprayed layer or a flux, that is, an inclusion used only for the purpose of joining, in addition to the members to be joined.
- the metal foil is used for bonding between the members, element diffusion through the pores that inevitably remain slightly does not occur as in the case where a metal sprayed layer is used as an intermediate layer.
- the foil type, Z, and area and thickness can be easily adjusted. In the present invention, in order to prevent diffusion, it is sufficient that the metal foil is about 20 ⁇ m.
- means for storing hydrogen in the member having hydrogen storage properties is not limited at all, but, for example, cathodic electrolysis, treatment at room temperature to 100 ° C under a hydrogen pressure of 0.01 to 50 MPa.
- Conventional techniques such as high-pressure hydrogenation method or hydrogen plasma irradiation method can be used.
- the cathodic electrolysis method can usually be suitably employed. This method is a method of electrolyzing water by applying a voltage appropriately selected above the electrolysis voltage of water in an aqueous electrolyte solution using a well-known member to be occluded as a cathode and is generated during electrolysis.
- Hydrogen is adsorbed on the cathode surface in a very short time, and then gradually diffuses and spreads inside the cathode. Therefore, the amount of hydrogen stored in the cathode can be controlled by the electrolysis time, and is preferably used in the present invention. It is a method.
- the voltage application is higher than the electrolysis voltage of water, for example, generally about several tens of volts in consideration of the equilibrium potential and overvoltage of hydrogen, and is appropriately selected according to the pH and concentration of the electrolyte solution. Apply voltage.
- the current density is too large, the generation of hydrogen gas is promoted and the absorption of hydrogen to the cathode is suppressed, which is not only wasteful in energy, but generally several milliamperes to 1 ampere per square centimeter. Desirably, it is desired to be about tens of milliamperes to hundreds of milliamperes.
- the time for the electrolytic treatment is such that the hydrogen-occlusion conductor member is made of hydrogen, such as metals such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Ag, Ti, Zr, Al, Nb, and Mo, and alloys containing these as main components.
- metals such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Ag, Ti, Zr, Al, Nb, and Mo
- alloys containing these as main components In the case of metals that are easy to occlude, the purpose can generally be achieved in minutes to hours.
- a thin member having high hydrogen diffusibility such as a metal foil or alloy foil, it should be treated for a short time in order to occlude hydrogen within the minimum necessary range.
- the cathode electrolytic hydrogen occlusion treatment generally at 10 one 4-10_ 2 Faraday / cm 2 extent of processing as electric quantity can be adjusted bonding member serve sufficiently purposes.
- the hydrogen-occlusion member force The heating temperature for releasing hydrogen can be confirmed in advance by differential heat absorption measurement and other techniques for the member to be used.
- the thermoelectric element is used. The temperature is selected to be lower than the melting point of the hydrogen and above the hydrogen-absorbing member releases hydrogen.
- Hydrogen is released from the hydrogen-absorbing member by heating while pressing forcefully, and promotes the generation of active elements in the hydrogen-absorbing member, or at least the surface of the bonding surface or a layer near it. In addition, it acts as active hydrogen during the nascent stage on the joint surface of the mating member, and reduces the surface of the joint surface and its immediate vicinity layer to reduce the chemical reaction between the two.
- bonds or at least forming interatomic interactions such as hydrogen bonds, various members may be used, possibly in the process of lattice relaxation in the respective surface layers of the hydrogen storage member that has released hydrogen and the bonding partner member.
- the strong fixing means for fixing can be used not only for joining the thermoelectric conversion part and the heat absorption part, but also for joining all members of the thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention.
- the heat absorption part 3 is fixedly integrated with the metal electrode member 7 of the thermoelectric conversion part through the bonding material 8 which is a stress relaxation layer.
- a desired number of thermoelectric elements 5 composed of P-type thermoelectric semiconductors and N-type thermoelectric semiconductors are provided side by side, and metal electrodes 7, for example, via a low electrical resistance metal member such as Cu, are connected in series.
- An example of joining is shown.
- the joining means between the thermoelectric semiconductor element 5 and the metal electrode 7 is not particularly limited, but is preferably joined by the metal foil occluded with hydrogen.
- the force is a case where a type in which the electrodes are insulated by the electrically insulating material 9 is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the force depending on the size of the thermoelectric conversion element Since the element density per module can be controlled with the spacing between the exchange elements, the gap between the elements can be reduced to increase the mechanical strength of the entire module. Therefore, an insulating material may not be interposed between the thermoelectric conversion elements! /, And the structure may be a so-called skeleton type.
- FIG. 2-B shows a case where the thermoelectric conversion part has a so-called segment structure in which different thermoelectric semiconductors are combined.
- the P-type represented by Pl and P2 and the N-type heterogeneous thermoelectric semiconductors represented by Nl and N2 are also bonded to the thermoelectric semiconductors using the metal foil 6 with hydrogen storage as described above. It can be joined by interposing it in contact with the surface to be heated and heating while pressing.
- thermoelectric semiconductors that are easily thermally deformed.
- thermoelectric conversion part 2 the heat dissipation part 1
- the joining between the thermoelectric conversion part 2 and the heat dissipation part 1 is not particularly limited.
- an electrical insulating member that maintains adhesiveness and has excellent thermal conductivity for example, a gel sheet for radiating a semiconductor substrate is interposed, and is fixed by press-contacting from the low temperature member.
- joining with the hydrogen-occlusion metal foil is desirable because it does not require a jig for press-fitting.
- the heat radiating portion 1 is not shown in the figure, but as in the case of the heat absorbing portion, the inside is formed in a comb shape, and a low temperature medium passage is formed between the combs.
- the low temperature member 1 is cooled by circulating a low temperature medium such as cooling water.
- the material of the outer low temperature member 1 is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and an alumite treatment is performed on the surface to be fixed to the thermoelectric conversion portion 2 so as to have an electric insulation, thereby forming an electric insulating layer.
- the metal electrode 7 and the bonding material 8 of the thermoelectric conversion part 2 are in close contact, and the low temperature side member 1 is mutually connected via the bonding material 8 and the metal oxide layer which is an electrical insulating part. It will be in close contact.
- the heat dissipating part is made of ceramics having good thermal conductivity such as aluminum nitride or alumina, the electric insulating part is not necessary.
- the cooling medium flows through the low temperature medium passage of the low temperature side member 1, and the low temperature side surface of the thermoelectric conversion unit 2 is cooled.
- the high A temperature difference is generated between the warm side and the cold side, a voltage is generated in the thermoelectric element 5 (Seebeck effect), and a thermoelectromotive force is generated to generate power.
- the high temperature side member 3 and the low temperature side member 1 are fixedly integrated with the thermoelectric converter 2 over the entire area, so that the heat conduction efficiency is increased, and the power generation efficiency is increased. Become high.
- the heat absorption part a member having electrical insulation and good heat conductivity is desirable.
- the member having the above characteristics include ceramics such as aluminum nitride and alumina.
- the ceramic member has excellent heat resistance, and it does not have any mechanical problems such as cracks in the environment where the thermoelectric conversion module is used at medium and high temperatures above 400 ° C.
- Thermal stress is generated at the joint with the metal electrode part such as Cu, which is commonly used, due to the difference in linear expansion coefficient.
- the thermal stress caused by the difference in linear expansion coefficient can be reduced by selecting a metal foil or alloy foil as a joining material having a high melting point.
- vacuum, argon (Ar) gas or nitrogen (N) gas is used.
- Active metals such as Ti, Zr, and Hf that realize good bonding in moderate non-oxidizing atmospheres and the metal-based alloys, or metals such as Mo, W, Ni, Cr, Fe, and Al are used. Can be used.
- the bonding material is preferably Ti or a Ti-based alloy.
- thermoelectric conversion part 2 Through the bonding as described above, the electrode 7 and the bonding material 8 of the thermoelectric conversion part 2 are in close contact with each other, the bonding material 8 is in close contact with the high temperature side heat transfer member 3, and the thermoelectric conversion part 2 and the high temperature member 3 are Since they are in close contact with each other via the bonding material 8, the heat conduction efficiency between the thermoelectric conversion part 2 and the high temperature side member 3 is increased.
- the high temperature side member is made of metal or alloy, and the metal or alloy is subjected to electrical insulation treatment or thermal spray treatment.
- An electrical insulating layer may be formed by This electrical insulation layer is included in the high temperature side material.
- thermoelectric semiconductor material a compound having a skutterudite crystal structure and a compound having a filled skutterudite structure, silicon-germanium (Si —Ge) -based thermoelectric semiconductors, and Bi—Te-based thermoelectric semiconductors
- the thermoelectric semiconductor member is not limited to this.
- thermoelectric semiconductor elements are arranged so that the P-type and N-type are alternately and in series electrically connected with the metal electrode interposed therebetween, and the electrode Z is a metal foil occluded with hydrogen or Hydrogen-occluded alloy foil Z thermoelectric semiconductor Z hydrogenated metal foil or hydrogen-occluded alloy foil Z electrode is also preferably installed.
- the structure is hot-pressed in a non-acidic atmosphere such as vacuum, nitrogen gas, or argon gas to obtain a joined body.
- the bonding material used not only functions as an element diffusion prevention layer on the bonding surface under the medium temperature range, but also relaxes the thermal stress generated between the thermoelectric conversion element portion and the electrode metal.
- a refractory metal foil such as a Ti-based alloy is desirable, but it is a metal foil or alloy foil having a smaller linear expansion coefficient than that of a metal electrode member, and is a foil that occludes hydrogen according to the above method! If you can use it.
- Fe, Ni, W, Mo, stainless steel, etc. may be used.
- the thickness of the metal foil or alloy foil can be selected between several microns to several hundred microns.
- the electrode 7 and the bonding material 6 of the thermoelectric conversion part 2 are in close contact, the bonding material 6 is in close contact with the thermoelectric conversion element member 5, and the electrode 7 and the thermoelectric conversion element 5 are bonded to each other. 6 are in close contact with each other.
- thermoelectric conversion part the heat absorption part, and the heat transfer part may be manufactured together under the above-described joining conditions according to the combination between the members. Join two metal electrodes, cut them out to the same size using a fine cutter, etc., then join the electrodes together using a Cu plate etc. with hydrogen storage by the above method, and thermoelectric conversion of the desired size After making the part, it can be joined to a heat exchange high temperature side heat transfer member having a good heat conductive ceramic such as aluminum nitride or a metal oxide layer.
- the metal foil or alloy foil used as the bonding material was occluded by hydrogen, inserted as an intermediate layer between the members to be bonded, and pressed and heated in nitrogen gas or in a vacuum atmosphere.
- the strong bonding to be realized is, for example, a diamond cutter or It refers to the strength that prevents the bonding layer from peeling off when cut with a cutting machine such as a fine cutter.
- thermoelectric conversion part metal electrode and an electrically insulating heat transfer member
- Electrode electrolysis between an lmm thick Cu metal plate (5mm x 5mm) as the electrode member of the thermoelectric converter and an lmm thick A1N plate (5mm x 5mm) as the heat transfer member (high temperature side heat exchanger member) of the heat absorption part After sandwiching a 20 ⁇ m or 40 ⁇ m Ti metal foil or Al foil occluded with hydrogen, pressurizing at 20 MPa or more, heating to 560 ° C in N gas, and then naturally cooling
- lmm-thick Cu metal plate (5mm x 10mm) as the thermoelectric part electrode member and lmm-thick A1 metal plate (5mm x 10mm) subjected to anodizing treatment as the heat transfer member (hot-side heat exchange member) 10mm) or Al-based alloy (duralumin), 20m or 40m Ti metal foil that has been subjected to cathodic electrolysis and occluded hydrogen is sandwiched, pressurized to over lOMPa, and then up to 560 ° C in N gas
- thermoelectric conversion part metal electrode and the thermoelectric semiconductor
- thermoelectric conversion part Assuming basic structure of thermoelectric conversion part with metal electrodes joined to both end faces of thermoelectric semiconductor, Cu foil is stored in Ti foil ZCo— Sb thermoelectric material (P type and N type) Z hydrogen is stored in Ti foil ZCu And pressurizing at about 30MPa, and 600 ° C in vacuum or N gas
- thermoelectric material By heating with, a strong joined body was realized.
- thermoelectric material was replaced with N-type Yb-based CoSb with a filled skutterudite structure, strong bonding was achieved at 550 ° C.
- a combination of P-type Yb-based CoSb-based materials can be firmly bonded at 560 ° C to form a thermoelectric element.
- thermoelectric material is a Bi-Te material having excellent thermoelectric conversion characteristics at low temperature
- stainless steel SUS302 force SUS304, thickness ⁇ 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m
- the melting point of Bi-Te-based materials is about 600 ° C, and if a bonding temperature exceeding 500 ° C is selected, the surface of the thermoelectric material is oxidized. Since the oxidation does not extend to the inside, the surface oxide layer should be polished * removed, but the thermoelectric material was not damaged. For this reason, the bonding temperature should be low.
- Ni-absorbed Ni foil When Ni-absorbed Ni foil is used as the bonding material, good bonding is achieved at 450 ° C to 500 ° C. Especially, N-type Bi-Te-based material Z Hydrogen-absorbed Ni foil Z Cu bonded body There was no difference in the shear strength at the joint interface before and after the thermal test at 300 ° C, and no difference in the element distribution by EPMA.
- thermoelectric semiconductors in which no cracks or the like are generated on each member interface (particularly on the thermoelectric semiconductor side) of the joined body, 0) -31) type)) and Yb-based Co-Sb (N Type, P type) did not change the EPMA elemental analysis results before and after being kept at 400 ° C for 1 day in the atmosphere.
- Co—Sb-based (P-type) thermoelectric elements which are well known to oxidize and pulverize in the atmosphere at 350 ° C. or higher in the atmosphere, the bonding with the metal electrode part itself is in the reducing atmosphere. Since this has been realized, this can be avoided by subjecting the surface of the joined body to an oxidation resistance treatment using an acid-resistant coating agent or the like.
- thermoelectric converter and the heat transfer member having electrical insulation
- thermoelectric material By heating at 600 ° C at 2 ° C, a strong bonded body was realized.
- thermoelectric material was changed to Yb-based CoSb with a filled skutterudite structure, strong bonding was realized at 550 ° C.
- the thermoelectric material is a Bi-Te material, the endothermic part is bonded as Ti foil ZCu with A1NZ hydrogen storage, and then the Ni foil ZBi-Te material (N type) with CuZ hydrogen storage in the thermoelectric conversion part. ) Ni hydrogen occluded Ni foil ZCu is placed and pressurized, N
- a strong joined body was obtained by heating at 450 ° C to 500 ° C in a gas.
- thermoelectric conversion part metal electrode in order to evaluate the heat conduction characteristics between the heat transfer part and the thermoelectric conversion part metal electrode, which is most important for the present invention, a thermal constant measuring device (ULVAC TC-7000) was used.
- Table 1 shows the results of thermal diffusivity measurements using the laser flash method CFIS-R1611).
- a comparative example was used (A1N / Cu) in which A1N and Cu were in close contact and the periphery was fixed with an instantaneous adhesive (product name: Aron Alpha).
- AlNZTiZCu and AlNZAlZCu were presented as examples of joining between the thermoelectric conversion part metal electrode and the heat transfer member having electrical insulation in the above-mentioned embodiment.
- thermal diffusivity is the standard value because the thermal conductivity is obtained by the product of thermal diffusivity and specific heat and density, and the exact specific heat and density of the joined body are not known. Since the size, weight, and configuration (combination of A1N and Cu) are aligned, it was judged sufficient for relative evaluation of thermal conductivity.
- thermoelectric conversion part metal electrode is improved by about 10 to 20% by joining the metal electrodes. This is to increase the temperature difference between the heat absorption side terminal and the heat radiation side terminal of the thermoelectric conversion element by adopting the joined body in which the heat transfer part and the thermoelectric conversion part metal electrode are fixed and integrated by joining. This means that it will lead to an improvement in power generation efficiency.
- the joined body according to the present invention firmly joins the thermoelectric conversion part and the heat absorption part using the metal foil that has occluded hydrogen, and at the same time, includes the element diffusion prevention layer and the thermal stress relaxation layer.
- the heat-absorbing part that is simply introduced between the metal electrode and the thermoelectric semiconductor element in the thermoelectric conversion part can be used by using a heat-conducting member having electrical insulation, such as A1N ceramics, or equivalent heat-conducting characteristics.
- the metallic heat transfer member including the metal oxide layer it is possible to improve thermoelectric conversion characteristics based on highly efficient heat transfer.
- thermoelectric conversion element constituting the thermoelectric conversion module can include skutterudite-based Co—Sb and filled skutterudite-based Yb—Co—Sb, and in a medium temperature range of 400 ° C. or higher. Good thermoelectric conversion performance can be realized.
- Bi-Te-based materials can be included in the thermoelectric conversion part, and Bi-Te-based thermoelectric semiconductor elements that are optimally designed as Peltier elements that can achieve good power generation performance at about 200 ° C. High thermal durability can be added to the child.
- the present invention recovers waste gas at 400 ° C or higher in automobiles, factories, etc. and heat generated by an incinerator in a high temperature state and enables recycling as electric energy.
Landscapes
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004302614 | 2004-10-18 | ||
| JP2004-302614 | 2004-10-18 | ||
| JP2004-306500 | 2004-10-21 | ||
| JP2004306500A JP4810652B2 (ja) | 2004-10-18 | 2004-10-21 | 熱電変換モジュール |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006043402A1 true WO2006043402A1 (ja) | 2006-04-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/017849 Ceased WO2006043402A1 (ja) | 2004-10-18 | 2005-09-28 | 熱電変換モジュール |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP4810652B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006043402A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105932909A (zh) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 外加冷源型干热岩热电发电系统与方法 |
| JP2018064399A (ja) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | 日立造船株式会社 | 熱電発電装置 |
| CN108550688A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-18 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种具有自适应连接层的热电器件 |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014086623A (ja) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-12 | Furukawa Co Ltd | 熱電変換モジュール |
| JP6078438B2 (ja) | 2013-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 株式会社Kelk | 熱電発電モジュール |
| KR102125051B1 (ko) | 2017-03-30 | 2020-06-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열전 모듈 |
| KR102340798B1 (ko) | 2017-11-01 | 2021-12-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열전 소자 및 이를 포함하는 열전 모듈 |
| JP2020034198A (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ヒートポンプ、暖房システム及び冷房システム |
| CN211743190U (zh) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-10-23 | 邓炜鸿 | 一种厚膜冷热集成电路 |
| JP2023172707A (ja) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-12-06 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 発熱構造体、熱利用システム及び空調システム |
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| CN105932909B (zh) * | 2016-06-29 | 2017-11-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 外加冷源型干热岩热电发电系统与方法 |
| JP2018064399A (ja) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | 日立造船株式会社 | 熱電発電装置 |
| CN108550688A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-18 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种具有自适应连接层的热电器件 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2006147600A (ja) | 2006-06-08 |
| JP4810652B2 (ja) | 2011-11-09 |
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