WO2006043382A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用負極およびその製造法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用負極およびその製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006043382A1 WO2006043382A1 PCT/JP2005/016966 JP2005016966W WO2006043382A1 WO 2006043382 A1 WO2006043382 A1 WO 2006043382A1 JP 2005016966 W JP2005016966 W JP 2005016966W WO 2006043382 A1 WO2006043382 A1 WO 2006043382A1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0416—Methods of deposition of the material involving impregnation with a solution, dispersion, paste or dry powder
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
- H01M4/0423—Physical vapour deposition
- H01M4/0426—Sputtering
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
- H01M4/0428—Chemical vapour deposition
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode that provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high capacity and a long life.
- the capacity of a negative electrode that is practically used is about 350 mAhZg. This capacity is already close to the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mAh / g). Therefore, there is a limit to further increasing the capacity of the negative electrode using graphite.
- a negative electrode with a higher capacity is required.
- a negative electrode material having a capacity higher than that of graphite is required.
- an alloy containing key tin has an electrochemical reversible reaction with lithium ions.
- Some metal elements have a very large theoretical capacity compared to graphite.
- the theoretical discharge capacity of Cay is 4199 mAhZg, 11 times that of graphite.
- the negative electrode undergoes very large expansion. For example, when the maximum amount of lithium is occluded, theoretically, it expands 4.1 times. In the case of graphite using the intercalation reaction, lithium is inserted between the graphite layers, so it does not expand by 1.1 times. [0006] Due to such expansion, a large stress is generated in the negative electrode. Therefore, the active material cannot be sufficiently fixed to the current collector by a binder represented by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the active material is peeled off from the current collector, or the number of contact points between the active materials is reduced.
- the internal resistance of the negative electrode increases, the current collection performance decreases, and the cycle characteristics also deteriorate.
- the amount of binder can be increased.
- the discharge capacity of the negative electrode decreases.
- the internal resistance of the negative electrode increases. As a result, the high rate discharge characteristics and the cycle characteristics are deteriorated.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a negative electrode active material having an amorphous key force on a current collector having a roughened surface.
- This proposal is intended to realize strong bonding between the active material current collectors and to prevent the current collection cycle characteristics from being degraded.
- the expansion of the key during lithium occlusion is not allowed in the thickness direction. Therefore, during charging (expansion), the active material particles are pressed against each other, and the electrolytic solution is pushed out from the active material layer. As a result, at the end of charge and the beginning of discharge, only the outermost surface of the negative electrode can be in contact with the electrolyte, and the electrochemical reaction is suppressed.
- Patent Document 2 There is also a proposal for depositing an active material after arranging a mesh on a current collector when forming a negative electrode.
- This proposal is intended to place multiple island-like deposited films separated from each other. With such a negative electrode, the electrolyte solution is held without being pushed out of the active material layer during expansion.
- the mesh since the mesh is large, the distance between the island-shaped deposited films becomes extremely wide, and a useless space is formed inside the negative electrode.
- it wraps under the active material cache it is difficult to form a plurality of deposited films in a separated state and with a shorter distance between the films. Therefore, the negative electrode capacity becomes extremely low, which offsets the advantage of high capacity of the active material (eg, key).
- Patent Document 3 JP 2002-83594 A
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-279974
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-17040
- the present invention secures a flow path of an electrolyte solution in an active material layer in a high-capacity negative electrode using a high-capacity element (for example, key) as an active material.
- a high-capacity element for example, key
- a state where the active material and the electrolytic solution are always in contact is realized.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery excellent in charge / discharge cycle characteristics and high rate discharge characteristics (rate characteristics) can be obtained.
- the present invention comprises an active material layer capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing at least Li, and a current collector sheet that does not react with Li carrying the active material layer, and the active material layer comprises a current collector It includes a plurality of deposited films or sintered films supported on the surface of the sheet, and at least one groove is formed on the side surface of each deposited film or each sintered film to face the upper surface side power collector sheet side.
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- each of the plurality of deposited films or sintered films preferably has an aspect ratio defined by “film thickness” ⁇ “shortest width of upper surface” of 0.1 or more.
- the “upper surface” is the upper surface of the deposited film or sintered film. Therefore, it is desirable that each deposited film or each sintered film has a small columnar shape or weight shape with a low height.
- the pyramidal shape includes a truncated pyramid and a frustum.
- the deposited film is formed by various thin film forming processes including, for example, sputtering, vapor deposition, and CVD (chemical vapor deposition).
- the deposited film is a thin film that does not contain a resin component that serves as a binder (binder).
- the sintered film is obtained by, for example, sintering a coating film of a paste containing active material particles and a binder.
- the groove that faces the current collector sheet side from the upper surface side means, for example, a depression on a line from the upper surface side to the current collector sheet side.
- the plurality of deposited films or sintered films are arranged in a lattice shape, a staggered lattice shape, or a honeycomb shape on the surface of the current collector sheet.
- the average height of the plurality of deposited films or sintered films is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 m or less.
- the shortest distance between adjacent deposited films or sintered films is narrower than the shortest width on the upper surface of these films.
- Each deposited film or each sintered film includes an element Ml that electrochemically reacts with Li, and the element Ml is also selected from a group force consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi, and Sb. One type is desirable.
- Each deposited film or each sintered film may further contain an element M2 that does not electrochemically react with Li.
- the element M2 is preferably at least one selected from the group power consisting of transition metal elements.
- the element M2 is preferably a constituent element of the current collector sheet.
- the content of the element M2 is desirably higher on the current collector sheet side than on the surface side of each deposited film or each sintered film.
- the current collector sheet is made of the element M2, and the element M2 is thermally diffused from the current collector sheet to the deposited film or the sintered film.
- the concentration of the element M2 gradually decreases as the collector sheet side force of the deposited film or sintered film also moves toward the surface side.
- the element Ml desirably forms a low crystalline or amorphous region in each deposited film or each sintered film.
- the low crystal region is a region where the crystallite (crystal grain) of the element Ml is 50 nm or less.
- the content of the element Ml in each deposited film or each sintered film is 40% by weight or more is desirable.
- the present invention also relates to a positive electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium, the above negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery as described above, that is, (i) a thin film having active material power capable of electrochemically inserting and extracting Li is reacted with Li. Formed on the surface of the current collector sheet, and (ii) arranging a plurality of masks on the thin film, and (iii) implanting fine particles into exposed portions of the thin film not covered with the plurality of masks,
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising removing an exposed portion and (iv) removing a plurality of masks from the thin film from which the exposed portion has been removed.
- the arrangement state of the plurality of masks matches the arrangement state of the plurality of deposited films or sintered films.
- the “shortest width of the upper surface (of the deposited film or sintered film)” that determines the aspect ratio of the deposited film or sintered film coincides with the shortest width of the mask disposed on the thin film in step (ii).
- a thin film may be formed by sputtering, vapor deposition, or CVD. Further, a thin film may be formed by forming a coating film of a paste containing active material particles and a binder on the surface of the current collector sheet and sintering the coating film. In step (i), the thin film may be formed by causing the active material particles to collide with the surface of the current collector sheet.
- step (ii) The method of forming the mask in step (ii) is not particularly limited!
- a plurality of masks can be formed from a photoresist. It is desirable to use, for example, phenol resin as the photoresist.
- a plurality of masks can be formed by printing a polymer material on the thin film. It is desirable to apply a release agent on the thin film before forming a plurality of masks.
- the upper surface side force of each deposited film or each sintered film desirably has a width of the groove directed to the current collector sheet side of 1Z2 or less of the shortest width of the upper surface. Further, the depth of the groove is desirably 1 Z2 or less of the shortest width of the upper surface. Therefore, in the step (m), it is desirable that the diameter of the fine particles implanted into the thin film is 1Z2 or less, which is the shortest width per mask.
- the microparticles can also have at least one kind of force that also selects the group force consisting of Al 2 O, SiC and Si N. desirable.
- the negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention makes it possible to secure a flow path for an electrolytic solution, which has been a problem when a high-capacity material is used as an active material.
- the present invention also provides a high-capacity nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery that achieves both excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics and high rate discharge characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of an example of a negative electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged top view of a deposited film or a sintered film.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a method for producing a negative electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of a grid-like metal cover used for the masking process.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line II in Fig. 1.
- the negative electrode 10 is composed of an active material layer 12 capable of electrochemically occluding and releasing lithium and a current collector sheet 14 that does not react with Li carrying the active material layer 12.
- the active material layer 12 is an aggregate of a plurality of deposited films or sintered films 16 supported on the surface of the current collector sheet 14.
- a plurality of deposited films or sintered films 16 are arranged on the current collector sheet 14 in a lattice pattern.
- the arrangement state of the plurality of deposited films or sintered films 16 is not limited to this, and various other arrangement states can be taken.
- the deposited film or sintered film 16 has a substantially flat top surface and forms a thin quadrangular prism or a truncated pyramid.
- the shape of the deposited film or the sintered film 16 is not limited to this, and may be a cylinder or a truncated cone, which may be other various polygonal columns or truncated pyramids.
- the plurality of deposited films or sintered films 16 are preferably island-shaped and are supported on the current collector sheet 14 in an independent state.
- Multiple deposited films Alternatively, when the sintered films 16 are continuous with each other, the electrolyte does not penetrate into the active material in the vicinity of the current collector sheet, as in the case of the uneven film. Further, when the active material occludes lithium, the expansion stress is not relaxed. Therefore, if the non-uniform cracking occurs in the deposited film or sintered film, there is a possibility of destruction.
- the deposited film or sintered film 16 preferably has a surface specific force of 0.1 or more defined by “film thickness (Tl)” ⁇ “shortest top surface width (Wl)”.
- film thickness (Tl) ⁇ “shortest top surface width (Wl)”.
- Wl shortest top surface width
- the height (T1) of the deposited film or sintered film 16 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and m or less.
- the height of the deposited film or sintered film 16 is lower than 1 ⁇ m, the thickness of the active material layer is extremely thin compared to the thickness of a general current collector sheet. Therefore, the proportion of the active material layer in the battery is extremely small, and the battery capacity is reduced.
- the height of the deposited film or sintered film 16 is higher than 30 m, the influence of the expansion and contraction of the active material layer in the thickness direction becomes large.
- the deposited film or the sintered film 16 is broken or peeled off from the current collector sheet due to repeated charge and discharge, and the battery characteristics are deteriorated.
- the height of the deposited film or sintered film 16 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less! / ⁇ .
- the shortest distance (W2) between the deposited films or sintered films adjacent to each other is narrower than the shortest width (W1) of the upper surfaces of these films.
- the shortest distance (T2) is wider than the shortest width (W1) of the upper surface of the membrane, the electrolyte permeability is good.
- the proportion of the space that does not participate in the charge / discharge reaction in the negative electrode mixture layer becomes extremely large, and the battery capacity decreases. It is desirable that the relationship between the shortest width (W1) and the shortest distance (W2) satisfies 0.1W1 ⁇ W2 ⁇ 0.8W1.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the upper surface of the deposited film or sintered film 16.
- FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the side surface of the deposited film or sintered film 16.
- at least one groove 34 is provided on the side surface 32 of the deposited film or sintered film 16 from the upper surface 30 side to the current collector sheet 14 side. Is formed.
- the groove 34 makes it easy for the electrolyte to penetrate from the upper surface 30 of the film to the vicinity of the current collector sheet 14. become. Therefore, the electrochemical reaction proceeds well.
- the depth of the groove is desirably shallower in the vicinity of the current collector sheet 14 than in the vicinity of the upper surface 30.
- the groove width is desirably 1Z2 or less, which is the shortest width of the upper surface 30 of the deposited film or sintered film 16. It is particularly desirable that it is 1/10 or less.
- the width of the groove 34 is preferably 1Z100 or more, which is the shortest width of the upper surface 30. If the width of the groove 34 is less than 1Z100, which is the shortest width of the upper surface 30, the groove width may be too narrow, and the permeability of the electrolyte into the active material layer 12 may be insufficient.
- the depth of the groove 34 is also preferably 1Z2 or less, which is desirably 1Z2 or less of the shortest width of the upper surface 30 of the deposited film or sintered film 16.
- the depth of the groove 34 is preferably 1Z100 or more, which is the shortest width of the upper surface 30.
- the groove 34 is less than 1Z100, which is the shortest width of the upper surface 30, the groove depth is too shallow, and the electrolyte may not sufficiently penetrate into the active material layer 12.
- the groove 34 preferably has a plurality of grooves 34 per side surface of the deposited film or the sintered film 16 so that the sum of the groove widths is 2Z3 or less of the shortest width of the upper surface.
- the groove need not be formed on the upper surface 30 of the deposited film or the sintered film 16. This is because the upper surface of the film is always in contact with the electrolyte. In addition, when a groove is formed on the upper surface, a sharp portion of the edge of the groove may face the positive electrode through the separator, which may cause an internal short circuit. Therefore, it is preferable not to form a groove on the upper surface 30 of the deposited film or the sintered film 16.
- the deposited film or sintered film 16 preferably has a low porosity, which is desirably high density. It is desirable that the porosity is at most 50% or less, preferably 30% or less, and particularly preferably 10% or less. The lower the porosity, the more the deposited film or sintered film 16 has. Therefore, a high capacity negative electrode can be obtained. When the porosity is greater than 50%, the negative electrode capacity decreases. Further, when the active material layer 12 expands and contracts, the active material layer 12 is cracked, peeled off, or crushed.
- the deposited film or sintered film 16 preferably contains at least the element Ml that electrochemically reacts with Li.
- the element Ml it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi and Sb. These elements are high-capacity materials that can react electrochemically with many Li. Among these, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group forces of Si, Sn and AU, and particularly Si is preferable.
- the deposited film or sintered film 16 may be composed of an alloy or compound containing element Ml, which may be composed of a single element of element Ml that electrochemically reacts with Li.
- the element Ml alone, an alloy, or a compound may be used alone or in combination.
- the compound containing the element Ml it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group force consisting of oxides, nitrides and sulfates of the element Ml.
- an oxide represented by the chemical formula: SiO (x ⁇ 2) is suitable as a material constituting the deposited film or sintered film 16.
- the element Ml forms a low crystalline or amorphous region 16 in the deposited film or the sintered film. This is because the region with high crystallinity is prone to cracking as soon as lithium is occluded, and the current collecting property tends to decrease immediately.
- the low crystal region refers to a region where the crystallite (crystal grain) grain size is 50 nm or less.
- the crystallite (crystal grain) grain size is calculated by the Scherrer equation from the half-value width of the strongest peak in the diffraction image obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis.
- Each deposited film or each sintered film 16 may further contain an element M2 that does not electrochemically react with Li.
- the element M2 plays a role of collecting negative power mainly.
- the element M2 is preferably at least one selected from the group force consisting of transition metal elements, and at least one selected from the group force consisting of Cu, Ti, Ni and Fe is preferred, especially Cu or Ti is preferred.
- the content of the element M2 is preferably higher on the current collector sheet 14 side than on the surface 30 side of the deposited film or sintered film 16. Such a structure makes it possible to obtain stable current collection performance.
- Such a structure is obtained by, for example, forming the active material layer 12 made of the element Ml on the current collector sheet 14 made of the element M2, and then diffusing the element M2 into the active material layer 12 by performing an appropriate heat treatment. can get.
- the higher the heat treatment temperature the more the element M2 diffuses and the more stable current collection performance is obtained.
- the content of element Ml in the active material layer is preferably 40% by weight or more from the viewpoint of securing a high capacity of 70% by weight. This is especially desirable.
- a thin film 54 having an active material force capable of electrochemically inserting and extracting Li at least is formed on the surface of the current collector sheet 52 that does not react with Li (FIG. 5 (a)).
- the thickness (T2) of the current collector sheet is not particularly limited, but is generally 8 to 40 / z m.
- the thickness (T1) of the thin film corresponding to the thickness of the active material layer is not particularly limited, but is generally 1 to 50 ⁇ m in a complete discharge state.
- the method for forming the thin film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following.
- a thin film can be formed by a vacuum process.
- Vacuum processes include sputtering, vapor deposition, and CVD.
- the element Ml can be uniformly deposited on the surface of the current collector sheet.
- the vapor deposition method in particular, can reduce the process cost, which is faster than other methods.
- a thin film can be formed by forming a coating film of a paste containing active material particles and a binder on the surface of the current collector sheet, and sintering the coating film.
- Such a process is advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost because it is easy to knead the active material particles and the binder and to apply the obtained paste.
- the nodeer is a material that binds to the current collector sheet and the active material particles.
- the material decomposes and gasifies at temperatures below 500 ° C. Therefore, for example, it is preferable to use petital resin, acrylic resin, or the like.
- the sintering step may be performed by heating, but is preferably performed by discharge sintering or discharge plasma sintering that sinters by passing an electric current.
- a thin film can be formed by colliding active material particles with the surface of the current collector sheet.
- the particle size of the active material particles is preferably 0.1 to 45 / ⁇ ⁇ .
- Such a process can be performed using an apparatus such as shot blast (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- a plurality of masks are disposed on the thin film.
- the method for arranging the mask is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following. It is desirable to apply a release agent on the thin film before forming a plurality of masks.
- a plurality of masks can be formed of a photoresist (FIGS. 5B to 5C).
- a photoresist By using a photoresist, it is possible to pattern with very high accuracy.
- an uncured coating film 56 made of a photoresist is formed on a thin film 54 made of an active material (FIG. 5 (b)).
- the thickness (T3) of the coating film 56 is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.5 to: LO / zm.
- a lattice-shaped metal cover 58 as shown in Fig. 6 is placed on the photoresist coating 56, and the coating 56 is exposed (Fig. 5 (c)).
- the portion of the coating 56 covered with the metal cover 58 is not cured and can be removed by washing (Fig. 5 (d)).
- the exposed portion of the coating film 56 is cured to form a mask 56 '.
- phenol resin is preferably used as the photoresist material.
- a plurality of masks can be obtained by printing a polymer material on a thin film that also has an active material force.
- a high molecular material is printed on a thin film using a screen having a lattice pattern. In this case, a cleaning process is unnecessary.
- polyurethane resin is preferably used as the polymer material used for printing.
- the polymer material may be any material as long as it does not chemically react with the active material and can be printed.
- the polymer material may be used for printing in a state dissolved in a solvent.
- the device for injecting the fine particles is not particularly limited, and various devices used for blasting can be used. Blasting is a method in which fine particles that also have abrasive power are sprayed onto a portion to be treated with compressed air, or are continuously projected by a rotary blade to polish the portion to be treated.
- Blasting is a method in which fine particles that also have abrasive power are sprayed onto a portion to be treated with compressed air, or are continuously projected by a rotary blade to polish the portion to be treated.
- the width and depth of the directional grooves from the upper surface side of the deposited film or sintered film toward the current collector sheet side can be controlled by the diameter of the fine particles used here. Therefore, the diameter of the fine particles to be implanted into the thin film may be determined according to the pattern width (W2) of the metal cover 58. However, the diameter of the fine particles is preferably 1Z2 or less, which is desirably 1Z2 or less, which is at least the shortest width W1 of each mask 56 ′ (that is, the shortest width of the upper surface of the deposited film or sintered film). When the diameter of the fine particles is larger than 1Z2 of the shortest width W1 per mask, it becomes difficult to perform sufficient blasting.
- the mask formed on each deposited film or sintered film 54 ′ is removed.
- the method for removing the mask is not particularly limited.
- the mask when a mask is formed using a photoresist, the mask can be removed by cleaning with a predetermined cleaning liquid. Further, when a mask is formed by printing a polymer material, the mask can be removed by leaving or washing in a predetermined solvent. In addition, by applying a release agent to the thin film made of active material, It becomes easy to peel off the tape.
- the negative electrode 50 for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising the current collector sheet 52 and a plurality of deposited films or sintered films 54 ′ supported on the surface of the current collector sheet is obtained.
- FIG. 5 (f) A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using such a negative electrode can achieve both high capacity and long life.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a non-aqueous electrolyte, a separator, and a positive electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium, in addition to the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode is not particularly limited, but as the positive electrode active material, lithium cobalt oxide (eg LiCoO), lithium nickel oxide (eg LiNiO), lithium manganate (eg LiCoO), lithium nickel oxide (eg LiNiO), lithium manganate (eg LiCoO), lithium nickel oxide (eg LiNiO), lithium manganate (eg LiCoO), lithium nickel oxide (eg LiNiO), lithium manganate (
- LiMn O, LiMnO a part of cobalt in lithium cobalt oxide is replaced with other elements
- Lithium manganate eg LiNi Co Mn 0
- lithium manganese eg LiNi Co Mn 0
- An acid oxide in which a part of manganese in the acid oxide is replaced with another element can be preferably used.
- a non-aqueous solvent in which a solute such as a lithium salt is dissolved is used.
- the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited, but includes cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and beylene carbonate, chain carbonates such as dimethylol carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and jetyl carbonate, 1, Ethers such as 2-dimethoxyethane and 1,2- diethoxyethane, cyclic carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolataton and ⁇ valerolataton , and chain esters such as sulfolane and methyl acetate can be used. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. In particular, it is preferable to use a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate.
- Solutes to be dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent are not particularly limited, but LiPF, LiBF, LiCF
- LiC C F SO
- LiAsF LiCIO
- Li B CI Li B CI and the like.
- non-aqueous electrolyte an inorganic solid electrolyte, an organic solid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte in which an electrolytic solution is held in a polymer material, or the like can also be used.
- an inorganic solid electrolyte an organic solid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte in which an electrolytic solution is held in a polymer material, or the like
- the present invention will be specifically described based on examples.
- the materials shown in Table 1 were used as the negative electrode material.
- a simple ingot of each element (all manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., purity 99.999%, average particle size 5 mm to 35 mm) was placed in a graphite crucible.
- a plurality of elements they were mixed at a predetermined weight ratio shown in Table 1 and then placed in a crucible.
- This crucible and electrolytic Cu foil (Furukawa Circuit Oil Co., Ltd., thickness 20 / zm) to be a current collector sheet were introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus, and vacuum deposition was performed using an electron gun. .
- a plurality of electron guns were used.
- the deposition conditions were an acceleration voltage of 8 kV and a current of 150 mA.
- the acceleration voltage was 8 kV and the current was 100 to 250 mA.
- the degree of vacuum was also either case the 3 X 10- 5 Torr.
- the total thickness of the negative electrode was about 30 to 36 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the thin film having active material force per one side was about 5 to 8; ⁇ ⁇ .
- the thickness of the thin film was adjusted by changing the deposition time. For example, when Si was formed under the above conditions, a thin film with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m could be formed by vapor deposition for 2 minutes. Table 1 shows the thickness of the thin film obtained in each example.
- the current collector sheet carrying the thin film was punched into a test piece of a predetermined size, the weight and thickness of the test piece were measured, and the porosity of the thin film serving as the active material force was calculated.
- the porosity was calculated from the following formula. As a result, the porosity was 5 to 15% in all the thin films. Therefore, it was found that the active material was deposited at a very high density. Table 1 shows the porosity of the thin film obtained in each example.
- Porosity (%) 100—true density of active material X (weight of negative electrode ⁇ weight of current collector sheet) Z (volume of negative electrode current collector sheet volume) X 100
- Photoresist material (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) is applied on the thin film with active material strength to a thickness of 2 m, and 20 ⁇ m x 20 ⁇ m openings are arranged in a grid pattern. A mesh-shaped metal cover was placed on top. Next, exposure was performed, and the photoresist material in a portion not covered with the metal cover was cured. For the metal cover, a mesh made of knitted wire with a thickness of 10 m was used.
- the substrate was washed with a solvent, and the photoresist material covered with the metal cover was removed.
- a mask made of a cured photoresist material was formed in a lattice pattern.
- the thin film portion masked with the photoresist material is the mask portion, and the length of one side of the mask. Is referred to as the mask width.
- the thin film portion from which the photoresist material is removed and the surface is exposed is referred to as a pattern portion, and the width of the pattern portion is referred to as a pattern width.
- the mask width was about 20 ⁇ m, and the pattern width was about 10 / zm.
- blasting was performed on the thin film having the mask.
- Blasting is performed using a microblasting machine (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and Si N fine particles (average particle size 0.5 ⁇ m).
- m were made by implanting the treated surface with an injection pressure lOkgfZcm 2.
- the active material in the pattern portion was scraped off.
- the nozzle width of the microblast cartridge was ⁇ , and the nozzle movement speed on the surface to be processed was 3 cmZ seconds.
- the cutting amount of the active material was controlled by the number of passes of the nozzle on the surface to be processed.
- the mask portion together with the current collector sheet was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in water, and the remaining mask was peeled off using a release agent. In this way, an active material layer composed of a plurality of deposited films was exposed to complete a negative electrode.
- each deposited film was a minute columnar shape or a truncated pyramid with a low height.
- a plurality of grooves were formed from the surface toward the current collector sheet. The plurality of grooves are formed because the thin film is cut by the fine particles when the fine particles are driven by the blasting process.
- the upper surface of each deposited film was not scratched.
- the depth of the groove was a maximum of 0.9 ⁇ m near the surface of the mask portion. In the vicinity of the current collector sheet, the maximum was 0.3 m. That is, the groove depth tended to become shallower as it became closer to the current collector sheet. The tendency is that the closer to the surface of the mask part, the finer the particles. This is due to the fact that the closer to the current collector sheet, the greater the chance of collision, the less chance of collision with fine particles.
- the maximum groove width was 0.7 m, and the average groove width was 0.7.
- Table 2 shows the aspect ratio of the deposited film obtained in each example, together with the mask width and the pattern width.
- the aspect ratio is defined by “film thickness” of the deposited film ⁇ “shortest width of the upper surface”. Further, the “film thickness” corresponds to the “thickness per side” of the thin film having the active material force formed first, and the “shortest width on the upper surface” corresponds to the “mask width”. Therefore, the aspect ratio can be calculated from “thickness per side” ⁇ “mask width”.
- the contact angle was measured according to "Test method for wettability of substrate glass surface" described in JIS R3257.
- a negative electrode sample having an active material area per side of about 1 cm 2 was used.
- the electrolyte solution contains a volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and jetyl carbonate. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) at a concentration of 1 mol ZL in a 1: 1 solvent mixture
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the thin film serving as the active material force per one side of the current collector sheet was changed as shown in Table 3.
- the film thickness was controlled by the deposition time. That is, for example, when forming a thin film having a thickness of 10 m (Example 19), the deposition time is 4 minutes, and when forming a thin film having a thickness of 35 / zm (Example 23), the deposition time is For 7 minutes.
- Table 3 shows the porosity of the thin film obtained in each example.
- the aspect ratio of the deposited film is shown in Table 4 together with the mask width and pattern width.
- Table 4 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte.
- the thickness of the thin film which is the active material force per one side of the current collector sheet, was fixed to 6 ⁇ as shown in Table 5, and the mask width and pattern width were changed as shown in Table 6.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in 1.
- the resulting thin film had a porosity of 5% (see Table 5).
- Table 6 shows the aspect ratio of the deposited film, along with the mask width and pattern width.
- Table 6 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte.
- the thickness of the thin film which is the active material force per side of the current collector sheet, is 1 ⁇ m as shown in Table 5, and the mask width and pattern width are 10 m and 5 / xm, respectively, as shown in Table 6.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
- the resulting thin film had a porosity of 2% (see Table 5).
- the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte was 23 ° (see Table 6).
- the thickness of the thin film which is the active material force per side of the current collector sheet, was changed as shown in Table 7, and the thin film was formed without mask formation or blasting.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that was used as an active material layer as it was.
- Table 7 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 8 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte.
- etching was performed using a photoresist material in the same manner as in Example 1, and then etching was performed with an ICP (inductively coupled plasma) ly etching apparatus (manufactured by Sumitomo Precision Industries, Ltd.) to produce a negative electrode.
- the etching depth was 5 / z m, but when the side surfaces of the deposited films of the obtained active material layer were observed by SEM, no grooves were formed.
- a battery was fabricated using this negative electrode.
- the contact angle between the negative electrode and the electrolyte during charging was 42 ° (see Table 8).
- LiCo and CoCO are mixed at a specified molar ratio and heated at 950 ° C to produce LiCo
- a predetermined negative electrode and a positive electrode were wound in a spiral shape through a polyethylene strip having a width wider than that of both electrode plates, thereby forming an electrode plate group.
- Polypropylene insulating plates were placed on the upper and lower sides of this electrode plate group and inserted into the battery case. Thereafter, a step was formed at the top of the battery case, and then a non-aqueous electrolyte was injected.
- the electrolytic solution used was a solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in a 1 mol ZL concentration in a 1: 1 mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and jetyl carbonate. Finally, the opening of the battery case was sealed with a sealing plate to complete the battery.
- the battery After measuring the discharge capacity in the above manner, the battery is kept in a thermostatic chamber set at 20 ° C.
- the cylindrical battery was charged and discharged by the following procedures ⁇ g> to> in a thermostat set at 20 ° C.
- Examples 1 to 14 and 16 to 30 had a higher capacity than Comparative Example 8 in which graphite was used for the negative electrode, and also had a good capacity retention rate and high rate discharge characteristics. Further, in Example 15 in which the thickness of the active material layer was thinner than 1 m, the capacity was similar to that in Comparative Example 8. However, in Example 23 where the thickness of the active material layer was greater than 30 m, both the charge / discharge cycle characteristics and the high rate discharge characteristics were lowered, although the capacity was high. In Examples 15, 16, and 29 having an aspect ratio smaller than 0.1, the high rate discharge characteristics tended to be lower than those in other examples. Furthermore, Examples 25 and 28, in which the pattern width was wider than the mask width, had a lower capacity than the other examples.
- Example 15 the contact angle was smaller than that of the comparative example, but the wettability was reduced as compared with other examples. This is thought to be because the contribution of the presence of grooves is reduced because the aspect ratio is smaller than 1 and there is little space in the thickness direction. In Example 29, it is presumed that the wettability is lowered due to the influence of the upper surface without a groove having a large mask width of 80 m.
- Comparative Example 9 Although high capacity and good life characteristics were exhibited, the high rate discharge characteristics were deteriorated. In Comparative Example 9, the wettability was low even though the negative electrode was composed of a plurality of deposited films. This is related to the fact that the side surfaces of each deposited film are very smooth and there are almost no grooves because the patterning of the thin film, which also has an active material force, is performed by etching. In particular, when the active material expands during charging, it is predicted that the progress of the electrode reaction in which the electrolyte does not easily penetrate into the negative electrode of Comparative Example 9 is impeded.
- Example 21 having a thick active material layer has a very rough surface with a smaller contact angle than Example 15.
- Example 15 it can be seen that the active material layer having a large contact angle has a smooth surface. The above tendency is due to the fact that it is necessary to perform deposition for a long time when a thin film is formed thick. In other words, the active material is repeatedly deposited, which may be caused by the non-uniform active material deposition.
- Table 9 shows the thickness of the thin film per side of the current collector sheet (electrolytic Cu foil, thickness 20 m, manufactured by Furukawa Circuit Oil Co., Ltd.). A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness was 4 m. Table 9 shows the porosity of the thin film. In addition, the mask width and pattern width during the masking process, the aspect ratio of each deposited film, the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation] Table 10 shows capacity retention rate and high rate discharge characteristics.
- a bipolar RF sputtering apparatus and a Si target (manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., purity 99.999%) were used.
- the sputtering was circulated in the flow rate 150sccm Ar as a sputtering gas into the apparatus, the degree of vacuum in the apparatus was set at 3 X 10- 5 Torr.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 31, except that the thin film was used as an active material layer without forming a mask or blasting.
- Table 9 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 10 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate, and high rate discharge characteristics obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation].
- Table 9 shows the thickness of the thin film per side of the current collector sheet (electrolytic Cu foil, thickness 20 m, manufactured by Furukawa Circuit Foil Co., Ltd.) A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 5 / zm. Table 9 shows the porosity of the thin film. In addition, the mask width and pattern width during the masking process, the aspect ratio of each deposited film, the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity obtained in the same manner as in [Evaluation] above Table 10 shows the capacity retention rate and high rate discharge characteristics.
- silane gas is used and the carrier gas is adjusted so that the silane gas content is 10%.
- the copper foil temperature was 250 ° C.
- a mixed gas of hydrogen and silane was circulated in the apparatus at a flow rate of lOOsccm, and the degree of vacuum in the apparatus was set to 3 Torr.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 33, except that the thin film was used as an active material layer without forming a mask or blasting.
- Table 9 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 10 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate, and high rate discharge characteristics obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation].
- the negative electrode subjected to the patterning of the active material layer by the blast treatment improved the wettability by the electrolytic solution having a lower contact angle than the negative electrode not subjected to the treatment.
- the battery using the negative electrode had good charge / discharge cycle characteristics and high rate discharge characteristics.
- the active material powder was classified so as to have a particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less, and 30 g of the obtained powder was combined with 3 g of Petrole slag (Sleck B (trade name) manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) Then, an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate was mixed to obtain a paste.
- This paste is applied to both sides of a current collector sheet (electrolytic Cu foil manufactured by Furukawa Circuit Oil Co., Ltd., thickness 15 m) so that the thickness per side after drying is 40 m and the porosity is 70%. It was applied to. Drying was performed at 60 ° C under Ar flow.
- the dried paste coating film was sintered using a discharge plasma sintering apparatus (manufactured by Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Ltd.) to form a thin film made of an active material.
- a discharge plasma sintering apparatus manufactured by Sumitomo Coal Mining Co., Ltd.
- a copper foil carrying a base coating on both sides is sandwiched between 60 mm x 60 mm x 30 mm thick carbide mold (WC (tungsten carbide) manufactured by Allied Materials Co., Ltd.)
- a press pressure (0.8 tZ cm 2 ) was applied to the mold and held for 3 minutes. At that time, a pulse current was applied to the mold.
- the pulse current frequency was 720Hz
- the applied current value was 1200A
- the applied voltage was 1.5V.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 35, except that the thin film was used as an active material layer without forming a mask or blasting.
- Table 11 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 12 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate, and high rate discharge characteristics obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation].
- Example 33 In the same manner as in Example 33, a copper foil carrying a paste coating film on both sides was prepared, and the dried coating film was rolled together with the copper foil with a roller, so that the coating film thickness on one side was about 12 m. Adjusted as follows. This was fired at 350 ° C in a nitrogen stream atmosphere (flow rate 5LZ) to remove the resin component, and then sintered at 450 ° C for 10 hours to form a thin film made of an active material. X-ray diffraction analysis of the resulting thin film revealed that the active material remained amorphous.
- Example 11 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 11 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 37, except that the thin film was used as an active material layer without forming a mask or blasting.
- Table 11 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 12 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate, and high rate discharge characteristics obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation].
- the negative electrode in which the active material layer was patterned by blasting improved the wettability by the electrolytic solution having a lower contact angle than the negative electrode not subjected to the processing.
- the battery using the negative electrode had good charge / discharge cycle characteristics and high rate discharge characteristics.
- the active material powder obtained in the same manner as in Example 33 and classified to have a particle size of 5 / zm or less was obtained using an air blast shot peening apparatus (Fuji Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). Manufactured). Then, a current collector sheet (electrolytic Cu foil manufactured by Furukawa Circuit Oil Co., Ltd., thickness 15 / zm) was ejected from a nozzle of 10 mm ⁇ D so that a stress of 15 kgZcm 2 was applied. .
- This nozzle is scanned in the short direction of the copper foil at a speed of 3 cmZ seconds, the end of the copper foil is moved in the longitudinal direction by the 10 mm nozzle position, and the folded short direction is scanned at a speed of 3 cmZ seconds. The operation was repeated. In this way, the active material powder was driven over the entire surface of the copper foil to form a thin film made of the active material. The thickness of the thin film was about 13; zm. As soon as the thin film formation on one side of the copper foil was completed, a thin film was formed on the back side by the same method. X-ray diffraction analysis of the thin film obtained As a result, it was found that the active material maintained amorphous.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 35, except that the thin film was used as an active material layer without forming a mask or blasting.
- Table 13 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 14 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate, and high rate discharge characteristics obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation].
- the negative electrode in which the active material layer was patterned by blasting improved the wettability by the electrolytic solution having a lower contact angle than the negative electrode not subjected to the processing.
- the battery using the negative electrode had good charge / discharge cycle characteristics and high rate discharge characteristics.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the mask portion was formed by the following method. It was. Here, polyurethane resin Dispurgeon (Rezamin D (trade name) manufactured by Dainichi Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is placed on a thin film made of Si with a 10 mX 10 / zm square mask and 6 m width. Application was carried out by screen printing so that the pattern portions of were arranged in a grid pattern.
- Polyurethane resin Dispurgeon (Rezamin D (trade name) manufactured by Dainichi Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is placed on a thin film made of Si with a 10 mX 10 / zm square mask and 6 m width.
- Application was carried out by screen printing so that the pattern portions of were arranged in a grid pattern.
- Table 15 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 16 shows the maintenance rate and high rate discharge characteristics.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the fine particles colliding with the surface to be treated by blasting were changed to those shown in Table 17. Use Al O and SiC instead of Si N
- the width and depth have changed.
- the maximum width of the groove almost coincided with the width of the collision fine particles.
- the groove depth was about 1Z2 to 2Z3, which is the average particle size of the collision particles.
- Table 18 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate, and high rate discharge characteristics obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation]. Table 18 shows the maximum width and depth of the groove formed on the side of the deposited film. (Ii) Examples 42 to 43
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the fine particles colliding with the surface to be treated by blasting were changed to those shown in Table 17.
- Soft polyethylene instead of Si N
- Table 18 shows the contact angle between the active material layer and the electrolyte, and the discharge capacity, capacity retention rate, and high rate discharge characteristics obtained in the same manner as in the above [Evaluation].
- Example 39 when a groove having a mask width greater than 12 was formed on the side surface of the deposited film, it was found that wettability was reduced and battery characteristics were reduced. This is presumably because the number of grooves formed on the side surface of the deposited film is reduced, and the permeability of the electrolyte is lowered. Further, when the groove depth is larger than the mask width of 1Z2, the absolute amount of the active material is reduced, and the capacity is also reduced.
- Example 47 Si was completely crystalline, and the average grain size of the crystallites (crystal grains) was 200 nm.
- Example 48 the spectrum of the Si single phase could not be confirmed, and only the spectrum of the Cu—Si compound was shown.
- the discharge capacity tended to decrease as the spectral intensity of the Cu-Si compound increased. This is because the active material, Si, was consumed by reacting with Cu. Note that the negative electrode of Example 48 was difficult to maintain the electrode shape after the heat treatment, so the battery was not manufactured and evaluated.
- Example 44 compared with Example 1, the power charge / discharge cycle characteristics and the high rate discharge characteristics in which the capacity is slightly decreased are improved. This is related to the slight diffusion of Cu at the interface between the active material layer and the current collector sheet, resulting in high-strength bonding between the two. In addition, the formation of conductive Cu-Si compounds is thought to facilitate the transfer of electrons.
- Example 44 With the negative electrodes of Example 44 and Example 47, a polished cross section was formed, and the cross section was observed with SEM and EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analysis). As a result, the example In 44, it was found that the interface force between the current collector sheet and the active material layer was diffused to a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m in the active material layer direction. There was no Cu nearer the surface. On the other hand, in Example 47, Cu diffused throughout the active material layer, and the presence of Cu was also confirmed on the outermost surface of the active material layer.
- the elements constituting the current collector sheet improve the cycle characteristics by diffusing into the active material layer near the current collector sheet. However, it is desirable that the elements constituting the current collector sheet are not present on the surface layer of the active material layer.
- S was a simple ingot of Sn (all manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., purity 99.999%, average particle size 5mn! -35mm) was placed in a graphite crucible.
- This crucible and electrolytic Cu foil made by Furukawa Circuit Oil Co., Ltd., thickness 20 / zm) to be a current collector sheet were introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus, and vacuum deposition was performed using an electron gun. went.
- the deposition conditions were an acceleration voltage of 8 kV and a current of 150 mA.
- the acceleration voltage was set to 8 kV and the current was set to 100 mA.
- the degree of vacuum was in any case with 3 X 10- 5 Torr.
- oxygen was circulated in the apparatus at a flow rate of 20 sccm.
- the amount of oxygen contained in the thin film was measured by the infrared absorption method CFIS Z2613), and the composition of the active material (X value in Table 21) was calculated.
- the total thickness of the negative electrode was about 36 to 38 / ⁇ ⁇ , and the thickness of the thin film serving as the active material force per side was about 8 to 9 ⁇ m.
- Example 21 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- Table 21 shows the porosity of the thin film.
- At least one element Ml selected from the group consisting of Si, Sn, Al, Ge, Pb, Bi, and Sb is an oxide, nitride, and sulfate of Ml. Similar results can be obtained when vapor deposition is performed using at least one selected group power.
- metal Li may be attached to the negative electrode surface or the negative electrode current collector.
- the present invention can be applied to various forms of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and not only the cylindrical batteries mentioned in the examples, but also batteries having shapes such as a coin shape, a square shape, a flat shape, etc. Applicable to.
- the present invention also provides a battery having either a wound type or a laminated type electrode plate group. It is also applicable to.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is useful as a main power source for mobile communication devices, portable electronic devices and the like.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US11/631,489 US7807294B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2005-09-14 | Negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method for producing the same |
KR1020077003935A KR100860927B1 (ko) | 2004-10-21 | 2005-09-14 | 비수전해질 2차 전지용 음극 및 그 제조법 |
CN2005800267331A CN101002349B (zh) | 2004-10-21 | 2005-09-14 | 非水电解质二次电池用负极及其制备方法 |
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JP2004306819A JP4907857B2 (ja) | 2004-10-21 | 2004-10-21 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極およびその製造法 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090087731A1 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Atsushi Fukui | Lithium secondary battery |
JP2012038528A (ja) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | 負極板、リチウムイオン二次電池及び負極板の製造方法 |
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JP5511604B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-06-04 | 日東電工株式会社 | リチウム二次電池およびその負極 |
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HUE044569T2 (hu) | 2016-08-05 | 2019-11-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Javított biztonságú áramgyûjtõ és az áramgyûjtõt tartalmazó akkumulátor cella |
EP3279974A1 (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-07 | Lithium Energy and Power GmbH & Co. KG | Electrode with an improved security behavior and battery cell comprising the same |
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JP6992665B2 (ja) | 2018-04-18 | 2022-01-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池 |
CN110943210A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-03-31 | 桂林电子科技大学 | 格栅堆积薄膜材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN116169244B (zh) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-07-18 | 湖南省正源储能材料与器件研究所 | 一种固态电池负极及其制备方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7807294B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
KR100860927B1 (ko) | 2008-09-29 |
CN101002349B (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
KR20070035095A (ko) | 2007-03-29 |
JP2006120445A (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
US20080020271A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
CN101002349A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
JP4907857B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
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