WO2006006342A1 - 光学式エンコーダ - Google Patents
光学式エンコーダ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006006342A1 WO2006006342A1 PCT/JP2005/011151 JP2005011151W WO2006006342A1 WO 2006006342 A1 WO2006006342 A1 WO 2006006342A1 JP 2005011151 W JP2005011151 W JP 2005011151W WO 2006006342 A1 WO2006006342 A1 WO 2006006342A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- scale plate
- receiving element
- light receiving
- element array
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/36—Forming the light into pulses
- G01D5/38—Forming the light into pulses by diffraction gratings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34707—Scales; Discs, e.g. fixation, fabrication, compensation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical encoder that optically detects a relative movement amount between lattice scales.
- an optical encoder using three lattice scale plates is known.
- three scale plates are sequentially arranged along the light traveling direction, the main surfaces of the scale plates are parallel to each other, and the arrangement directions of the scales provided on the scale plates are the same. Is set.
- a light source with low coherence is provided in front of the first scale plate.
- a light receiving element that converts the amount of light into an electrical signal is provided after the third scale plate.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses the operation.
- a secondary light source having a multi-slit light distribution arranged in a certain cycle with low spatial coherence is generated.
- the second scale plate acts as a spatial frequency filter with a certain optical transfer function (O TF), and only a specific spatial frequency component is extracted from the light intensity distribution of the secondary light source.
- O TF optical transfer function
- the image is formed on a plate.
- the light transmitted through the light transmission part of the grating provided on the third scale plate is converted into an electric signal by the light receiving element.
- the light intensity of the secondary light source generated by the first scale plate is distributed in a sine wave shape having a certain period P, and the optical transmission of the grating provided on the second scale plate
- the function includes a spatial frequency corresponding to the period P
- an image having a sinusoidal light intensity distribution with the period P is formed on the third scale plate.
- the optical transfer function of the second scale plate is as follows: the grating period of the second scale plate, the aperture shape of the grating, the shape of the grating itself (in the case of the phase grating), Depends on the distance between the scale plate and the first and third scale plates.
- the third scale The optical encoder is designed by selecting conditions that improve the contrast of the light intensity distribution imaged on the plate.
- the optical encoder described in Patent Document 1 is an amplitude grating in which all three scale plates have rectangular openings, and the distance between the first scale plate and the second scale plate, The interval between the second and third scale plates is equal to each other.
- P be the lattice period of the second scale plate, and the lattice period of the first and third scale plates is 2 It is set to 2P, which is equivalent to double.
- the optical encoder described in Patent Document 2 uses a phase grating that generates a light-dark pattern by an optical interference phenomenon on the first scale plate.
- the third scale plate and the light receiving elements arranged in the subsequent stage are the same as the opening size of the third scale plate lattice. It may be replaced with a light-receiving element array having a light-receiving portion of the size, and the functions of the two members described above may be combined.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-153408
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2761
- Non-Patent Document 1 K. Hane and C. P. Grover, Imaging with rectangul ar transmission gratings ", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A4, No. 4, 706-711, 1987
- FIG. 24 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical encoder according to the related art in which amplitude gratings are used for both the first and second scale plates as in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1.
- (a) is a front view
- (b) is a side view.
- the first scale plate 103 is irradiated with diffused light 102 emitted from a light source 101 having a low spatial coherence such as an LED.
- a light source 101 having a low spatial coherence such as an LED.
- an amplitude grating with a period P is provided on the first scale plate 103.
- the light beams sequentially pass through the second scale plate 104 and the third scale plate 105 and then enter the light receiving element 106.
- the amount of light reaching the third scale 105 or the light receiving element 106 is approximately dependent on the aperture ratio of the amplitude grating described above. To do. For example, if the ratio of the grating aperture width to the grating period is 1: 2 (duty ratio 50%) for both the first and second scale plates, the amount of light reaching the third scale plate 105 is The amount of light irradiating the first scale plate is 25% or less. Further, since the first scale plate is irradiated with diffused light (that is, light that has not been collimated) 102, light cannot be efficiently incident on the light receiving element 106. As a result, the amount of light detected by the light receiving element 106 is reduced, and the optical encoder characteristics such as detection resolution and detection accuracy may be degraded.
- the diffused light 102 is diffused also in the direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, so that the light from the light source 101 is efficiently transmitted to the light receiving element. I can't.
- the second light beam that has passed through the track having the first or second scale plate is the third scale. It may be incident on a track different from the corresponding track on the plate, causing detection errors.
- Patent Document 2 a transparent phase grating is used for the first scale plate, and diffracted light from each grating interferes with each other to generate a light-dark pattern with a certain period.
- the light / dark pattern distribution due to the phase grating uses diffraction and interference phenomena, so it depends greatly on the phase grating period, phase grating shape, and wavelength of the light source, and is limited by design margins, machining accuracy, and component management. The number of items increases.
- the first scale plate is irradiated with the diffused light, the light cannot be efficiently incident on the light receiving element.
- the scale of the first sheet will vary depending on the position of the diffuse light source and variations in radiation characteristics. The position, period, distortion, etc. of the light / dark pattern due to the plate may change, and the characteristics of the optical encoder may deteriorate.
- An object of the present invention is to increase the amount of light received by a light receiving element and improve the characteristics of an optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide an optical encoder that is less affected by manufacturing variations.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide an optical encoder with little detection error even when a scale plate having a plurality of scale patterns is used.
- the present invention has been made to achieve the above object.
- the optical encoder according to the present invention is
- a first scale plate including an optical element array that collects or diffuses light from a light source via a lens in a predetermined periodic direction to generate a periodic light amount distribution;
- a second scale plate that periodically spatially modulates the light from the first scale plate, a third scale plate having an aperture through which the light from the second scale plate passes, and a third scale plate
- optical encoder according to the present invention is
- a cylindrical lens that collects light of the light source power only in a direction perpendicular to a predetermined periodic direction and makes it parallel light
- a first scale plate that converts light having a light source power through a cylindrical lens into a light quantity distribution that is periodic in the periodic direction;
- An optical encoder that measures a relative movement distance of the first and second scale plates may include a light receiving element that receives light. Furthermore, the optical encoder according to the present invention is:
- a first scale plate including an amplitude grating that converts light from a light source through a lens into a periodic light amount distribution, and an optical element that scatters or refracts light only in one direction, and light from the first scale plate
- a second scale plate that periodically spatially modulates, a third scale plate having an aperture through which light from the second scale plate passes, and a light receiving element that receives light from the third scale plate. It may be an optical encoder that measures the relative movement distance of the first and second scale plates.
- the light and dark pattern distribution does not depend greatly on the shape error, the wavelength of the light source, the position of the light source, and the like, or approximately twice the amount of light is transmitted through the amplitude grating with a duty ratio of 50%
- the diffusion angle in the arrangement direction of the scale pattern can be controlled, and the light from the light source can be efficiently incident on the light receiving element. Further, the light from the light source can be efficiently transmitted to the light receiving element without diffusing the light in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light-receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. Front view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is the light intensity distribution on the A plane.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- the first scale plate, 2 It is a figure which shows the 1st scale board and a light receiving element array board
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in an optical encoder according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view
- FIG. 6 shows a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in an optical encoder according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in an optical encoder according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in an optical encoder according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate among the optical encoders according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in an optical encoder according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second scale plate and a light receiving element array substrate.
- FIG. 15 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second scale plate and a light receiving element array substrate.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) is a front view and
- (b) is a side view.
- FIG. 17 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second scale plate and a light receiving element array substrate.
- FIG. 18 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing a second scale plate and a light receiving element array substrate.
- FIG. 19 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing a second scale plate and a light receiving element array substrate.
- FIG. 20 is a front view showing a lens, a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the twentieth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to the twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a second scale plate and a light-receiving element array substrate, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view.
- FIG. 22 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing a second scale plate and a light receiving element array substrate.
- FIG. 23 shows the first scale plate of the optical encoder according to the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a front view showing a second scale plate and a light receiving element array substrate.
- FIG. 24 is a schematic configuration diagram of an optical encoder according to the prior art, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view.
- Patent Document 1 In an optical encoder using three grating scale plates, a normal amplitude grating is used (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1), so that the amount of light incident on the light receiving element is small as described above.
- the first scale plate is equipped with a cylindrical lens array. This is different from the phase grating disclosed in Patent Document 2 in that the light and dark pattern is generated by using the condensing action of each lens. In other words, it is equivalent to an array of light patterns generated by a single lens.
- a light / dark pattern is generated by changing the curvature and shape of the lens (in the traveling direction of the light beam), the light / dark pattern
- the shape can be changed, but it is a setting for generating the desired light and dark pattern.
- the measured value is limited and the design margin is large.
- the effect of the wavelength of light on the light-dark pattern is small compared to the phase grating. Therefore, the limited items such as machining accuracy and parts management are reduced, and the range of use environment is increased.
- the first scale plate is irradiated with substantially collimated light, such as an LED, that is made from a coherent low-light source, and the scale pattern is arranged by a cylindrical lens array or a diffuser that scatters in only one direction. Can diffuse only in the direction. Furthermore, the diffusion angle in the arrangement direction of the scale pattern can be controlled by the curvature of the cylindrical lens, or the differential user pattern, and light can be incident on the light receiving element more efficiently.
- substantially collimated light such as an LED
- the scale pattern is arranged by a cylindrical lens array or a diffuser that scatters in only one direction. Can diffuse only in the direction.
- the diffusion angle in the arrangement direction of the scale pattern can be controlled by the curvature of the cylindrical lens, or the differential user pattern, and light can be incident on the light receiving element more efficiently.
- a scale plate having a plurality of scale patterns is formed.
- the light beam that has passed through the track with the first or second scale plate is incident on a different track from the corresponding track of the second or third scale plate, causing a detection error. This can be suppressed.
- linear encoders are illustrated in all the embodiments, but the present invention is naturally applicable to rotary encoders.
- the light condensing direction and the scattering direction may be matched with the arc arrangement direction of the scale.
- a light receiving element array is used in place of the third scale plate and the light receiving element arranged in the subsequent stage, but a light receiving element may be used in the third scale plate and the subsequent stage!
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view and (c) is the light intensity distribution on the A plane.
- Light source (not shown) is made into parallel light with a lens etc. (not shown), and then the parallel light 1 is irradiated to the first scale plate 2 To do.
- a cylindrical lens array 3 is arranged with a period P on the first scale plate 2. By the cylindrical lens array 3, the substantially parallel light 1 is condensed on the A surface only in the X direction.
- the second scale plate 4 is arranged at a position Z away from this A surface force by a certain distance Z.
- Example of chromium deposition on the second scale plate 4 For example, an amplitude grating in which rectangular openings 5 are arranged with a period P is provided.
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 is arranged at a position separated by a certain distance Z.
- a light receiving element array in which rectangular light receiving portions 7 are arranged with a period P is provided on the light receiving element array substrate 6, for example.
- the value of the distance Z is intended to be an air equivalent length considering the refractive index of the second scale plate 4 (this is the same in the embodiments described later), for example, a value satisfying the following equation: Have.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of light emitted from the light source.
- each ray width in the X direction on the ridge surface by the cylindrical lens array 3 is The light distribution in the X direction on the A plane is a sinusoidal distribution having the same period P as the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3 as shown in Fig. 1 (c).
- the position of the A surface where the substantially parallel light 1 is collected in the X direction depends on the curvature and shape of the cylindrical lens array 3. However, if the position of the A surface is close to the cylindrical lens array 3, If the round focal length is shortened, the effect of variation in the radiation angle of the substantially parallel light 1 can be reduced, and errors such as variations in the period P of the light quantity distribution shown in FIG. However, if the focal length is shortened, the divergence angle of the directional light beam on the second scale plate 4 increases. Therefore, it is preferable to set the focal length so that the light receiving element array substrate 6 is efficiently irradiated with light. Desirably, it is set so that almost all light rays (excluding absorption and scattering by the material) irradiated to the first scale plate travel to the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the light irradiated to the first scale plate 2 The line can pass almost everything except the reflection on the surface of the first scale plate 2 and the cylindrical lens array 3 and the absorption inside, and the amount of light irradiated to the light receiving element array substrate 6 is increased. be able to.
- the light beam since the light beam is not diffused in the direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased. . Accordingly, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the distance between the A plane and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale plate 2 Cylindrical lens array 3 array period, second scale plate 4 grating period, light receiving element array substrate 6 light receiving unit 7 array period P Absent. That is, it is sufficient that the light amount distribution on the A surface shown in FIG.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 3, but a Fresnel lens array having a condensing function only in one direction may be used.
- the same effect can be obtained by using an isosceles triangular prism array having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 3.
- a force reflection type in which the second scale plate 4 is a transmissive scale may be used.
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 is arranged on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A surface, with respect to the second scale plate 4, and the light intensity distribution on the A surface is the light receiving element array substrate 6. What is necessary is just to adjust the irradiation direction of the substantially parallel light 1 so as to form an image.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- the cylindrical lens array 3 on the first scale plate 2 is provided on the second scale plate 4 side.
- two cylindrical lens arrays 3 are provided. It is placed on the opposite side of the eye scale plate 4, that is, on the light source side.
- the boundary between the cylindrical lens array 3 and the first scale plate 2 is actually the first scale.
- the light beam is refracted on the surface of the plate 2 opposite to the surface on which the cylindrical lens array 3 is disposed, but the above-described refraction is omitted for the sake of schematic description of the embodiment.
- the light quantity distribution in the X direction on the A plane is a sinusoidal distribution having the same period P as the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3 as shown in FIG.
- the light beam applied to the first scale plate 2 is reflected on the surface of the first scale plate 2 and the cylindrical lens array 3 or is internally reflected. It can pass almost everything except absorption, and the amount of light irradiated to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam is not diffused in the direction (Y direction) perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased. . Accordingly, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the position of the A surface where the substantially parallel light 1 is collected in the X direction is not limited to the force existing in the first scale plate 2. It may exist outside the board 2.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale plate 2 Force with the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3 above, the grating period on the second scale plate 4 and the arrangement period of the light receiving section 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 as P, respectively. is not. In other words, any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG. 1 (c) forms an image on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 3, but a Fresnel lens array having a condensing function only in one direction may be used.
- the same effect can be obtained by using an isosceles triangular prism array having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 3.
- a force reflection type in which the second scale plate 4 is a transmission type scale may be used.
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 may be arranged on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 4.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, where (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- the third embodiment has a force that is almost the same as that of the second embodiment.
- a diffuser 8 that scatters light only in the X direction is provided on the opposite side of the cylindrical lens array 3 on the first scale plate 2. Is provided.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is condensed on the A surface, that is, the diffuser 8 by the cylindrical lens array 3 to generate a secondary light source having a sine wave shape.
- the secondary light source on the A plane is scattered by the diffuser 8 and propagates to the second scale plate 4.
- the light beam irradiated to the first scale plate 2 is almost all except for reflection on the surfaces of the cylindrical lens array 3 and the diffuser 8 and internal absorption.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased. Further, since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased.
- the coherency of the secondary light source can be sufficiently reduced by the diffuser 8, and a light amount distribution with less noise due to interference between light beams can be imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder, such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is converted into the A plane, that is, the defocused light by the cylindrical lens array 3.
- the A surface and the diffuser 8 surface do not need to be completely coincident with each other.
- a force separate body in which the first scale plate 2 and the diffuser 8 are integrated may be used.
- the distance between the A plane and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale plate 2
- the force with the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3 above, the grating period on the second scale plate 4 and the arrangement period of the light receiving section 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 as P but is not limited to this. .
- any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 3, but a Fresnel lens array having a condensing function only in one direction may be used.
- the same effect can be obtained by using an isosceles triangular prism array having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 3.
- the second scale plate 4 is a transmissive scale
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 may be arranged on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 4.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, where (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- Embodiment 4 has a force substantially similar to that of Embodiment 3 described above.
- Light is scattered only in the X direction on the opposite side of cylindrical lens array 3 on first scale plate 2 and the scattering angle thereof.
- a diffuser 9 is provided that varies depending on the position in the X direction. In other words, the diffuser 9 is set such that the scattering angle is large at the center of the first scale plate 2 and the scattering angle is smaller than the center at the outside in the X direction.
- Such a diffuser 9 is realized by CGH (Computer Generated Hologram) or the like.
- the light beam applied to the first scale plate 2 is almost all except for reflection on the surfaces of the cylindrical lens array 3 and the diffuser 9 and internal absorption.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased.
- the coherency of the secondary light source can be sufficiently reduced by the diffuser 9, and the light quantity distribution with little noise due to interference between the light beams can be imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the diffuser 9 by changing the scattering angle of the light beam by the diffuser 9 depending on the position in the X direction, it becomes possible to irradiate the light beam only in the vicinity of the region where the detection unit 7 exists on the light receiving element array substrate 6, It is possible to irradiate the light receiving element with light rays from the light source more efficiently, and to further increase the amount of detected light. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is condensed on the A surface, that is, the diffuser 9 by the cylindrical lens array 3, but the A surface and the diffuser 9 surface do not need to be completely coincident with each other.
- a force separate body in which the first scale plate 2 and the diffuser 9 are integrated may be used.
- the distance between the A plane and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale plate 2
- the force with the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3 above, the grating period on the second scale plate 4 and the arrangement period of the light receiving section 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 as P but is not limited to this. .
- any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG. 1 (c) is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 3, but a Fresnel lens array having a condensing function only in one direction may be used. The same effect can be obtained by using an isosceles triangular prism array having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 3.
- a force reflection type in which the second scale plate 4 is a transmission type scale may be used.
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 may be arranged on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 4.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate among the optical encoders according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- the force in the fifth embodiment is almost the same as that in the fourth embodiment.
- the light is refracted only in the X direction on the opposite side of the cylindrical lens array 3 on the first scale plate 2, and the inclination angle thereof.
- a prism array 10 is provided in which varies depending on the position in the X direction. That is, the prism array 10 is set so that the inclination angle is small at the center of the first scale plate 2 and the inclination angle is larger at the outer side in the X direction than at the center.
- FIG. 5 (a) the light beam collected by the cylindrical lens array 3 is diverged toward the upper left of the drawing by the prism array 10 provided on the right side of the first scale plate 2. Proceeding with force toward the entire area on the substrate 6 where the detector 7 exists.
- the prism array 10 Due to the prism array 10 provided on the left side, the light collected by the cylindrical lens array 3 is diverged toward the upper right of the drawing and travels toward the entire region where the detector 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 exists.
- the light beam applied to the first scale plate 2 is almost the same as the reflection on the surfaces of the cylindrical lens array 3 and the prism array 10 and the internal absorption. All light can pass through, and the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 is large. Can be Further, since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased.
- the prism array 10 by changing the refraction angle of the light beam by the prism array 10 according to the position in the X direction, it becomes possible to irradiate the light beam only in the vicinity of the region where the detection unit 7 exists on the light receiving element array substrate 6. It is possible to efficiently irradiate the light receiving element with light from the light source, and to further increase the amount of detected light. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is collected by the cylindrical lens array 3 on the A surface, that is, on the prism array 10, but the A surface and the prism array 10 surface do not have to completely coincide with each other.
- a force separate body in which the first scale plate 2 and the prism array 10 are integrated may be used.
- a diffuser in which the light scattering direction changes depending on the position in the X direction as described above may be used.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale plate 2
- the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3 above, the grating period on the second scale plate 4 and the arrangement period of the light receiving section 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 are set to P, but the present invention is not limited to this. . That is, it is acceptable if the light intensity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG. 1 (c) is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 3, but a Fresnel lens array having a light collecting function only in one direction may be used.
- the same effect can be obtained by using an isosceles triangular prism array having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 3.
- the second scale plate 4 is a transmissive scale
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 may be arranged on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 4.
- FIG. 6 shows the first scale of the optical encoder according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view.
- Embodiment 6 has substantially the same configuration as that of Embodiment 1 above.
- Lens that makes light rays from light source 11 substantially parallel to the opposite side of cylindrical lens array 3 on first scale plate 2 12 are provided as a body.
- the light beam applied to the first scale plate 2 is almost all except for reflection on the surfaces of the lens 12 and the cylindrical lens array 3 and internal absorption.
- the amount of light irradiated to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detection light amount can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the lens 12 is formed integrally with the first scale plate 2, the light source and the lens portion can be thinned. Furthermore, the number of parts can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- a Fresnel lens that functions similarly to the force using a plano-convex lens as the lens 12 may be used.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale Force with P as the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3 on the plate 2, the grating period on the second scale plate 4, and the arrangement period of the light receiving section 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6, respectively. It is not something. In other words, any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG. 1 (c) forms an image on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 3, but a Fresnel lens array having a light collecting function only in one direction may be used. The same effect can be obtained by using an isosceles triangular prism array having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 3.
- the second scale plate 4 is a transmissive scale
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 may be arranged on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 4.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate among the optical encoders according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- Embodiment 7 has substantially the same configuration as that of Embodiment 1. Instead of the cylindrical lens array 3 on the first scale plate 2, substantially parallel light 1 is applied to the A plane only in the X direction. A diffractive optical element array 13 for condensing light is provided.
- the diffractive optical element array 13 condenses light by using diffraction and interference of light incident on each diffractive optical element, but changes the position of the A surface by changing the shape of each diffractive optical element. Therefore, the design margin is higher than the case where a phase grating is arranged instead of the diffractive optical element array 13.
- the light beam applied to the first scale plate 2 is reflected on the surface of the first scale plate 2 and the diffractive optical element array 13 or is internally reflected. It is possible to pass almost everything except the absorption of light, and the amount of light irradiated to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the scale pattern arrangement direction, the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently. The amount of emitted light can be further increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- this embodiment can be applied to the optical encoders according to Embodiments 1 to 6 described above.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale Force with P as the array period of the diffractive optical element array 13 on the plate 2, the grating period on the second scale plate 4, and the array period of the light receiving section 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 It is not a thing. That is, it is sufficient that the light quantity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG.
- a force reflection type may be used in which the second scale plate 4 is a transmission type scale.
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 may be arranged on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 4.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention, where (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- the optical encoder according to the eighth embodiment uses an amplitude grating for the first scale plate.
- the X-direction is long and the Y-direction is short.
- the light beam 15 that is also emitted from the light source 14 such as an LED has a cylindrical lens 16 that collects light only in the Y-direction. It is made almost parallel.
- the light beam that has passed through the cylindrical lens 16 generates a secondary light source on the A surface of the first scale plate 17, and the second scale plate 18 causes the light intensity distribution on the A surface on the light receiving element array substrate 19. Imaged.
- the first scale plate 17 is provided with a track 20 and a track 21.
- the second scale plate 18 has tracks 22 and 23.
- the light receiving element arrays 24 and 25 are also provided on the light receiving element array substrate 19. That is, on the first scale plate 17 Of the light intensity distribution of the secondary light source generated on the track 20, only the frequency component transmitted by the grid pattern of the track 22 on the second scale plate 18 acting as a spatial frequency filter forms an image on the light receiving element array 24. Is done.
- the optical encoder according to Embodiment 8 uses a scale plate having a plurality of tracks, but the second light beam that has passed through a certain track on the first or second scale plate.
- the incident on the track different from the corresponding track of the scale plate or the light receiving element array substrate is suppressed. Therefore, occurrence of detection error can be suppressed.
- the light beam since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the amount of detected light can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- a light source is used in which the X direction is long and the Y direction is short in the dimensions of the light emitting portion, but the present invention is not limited to this. Further, a Fresnel lens having a condensing function only in one direction using a cylindrical refractive lens as the cylindrical lens 16 may be used.
- the distance between the A plane and the second scale plate 18 and the distance between the second scale plate 18 and the light receiving element array substrate 19 are set to Z, respectively. It is not something. In other words, any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 19.
- the second scale plate 18 is a transmissive scale, but it may be a reflective type.
- the light receiving element array substrate 19 is the second scale plate 18.
- it may be arranged on the first scale plate 17 side, preferably on the A plane.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a front view, (B) is a side view.
- a force having the same configuration as that of the fourth embodiment is applied to the first scale plate 26 using an amplitude grating.
- a diffuser 27 that scatters light only in the X direction and changes the scattering angle depending on the position in the X direction.
- the diffuser 27 is set so that the scattering angle is large at the center of the first scale plate 26 and the scattering angle is smaller at the outer side in the X direction than at the center.
- each scale plate and the light receiving element array substrate 29 are provided with a plurality of tracks, and in the case of this embodiment, two tracks.
- the optical encoder according to Embodiment 9 uses a scale plate having a plurality of tracks, but the second light beam that has passed through a certain track on the first or second scale plate.
- the incident on the track different from the corresponding track of the scale plate or the light receiving element array substrate is suppressed. Therefore, occurrence of detection error can be suppressed.
- the light beam since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the amount of detected light can be increased.
- the diffuser 27 can sufficiently reduce the coherency of the secondary light source, and forms an image on the light receiving element array substrate 29 with a light amount distribution with less noise due to interference between light beams. Togashi.
- the diffuser 27 by changing the scattering angle of the light beam by the diffuser 27 according to the position in the X direction, it becomes possible to irradiate the light beam only in the vicinity of the region where the detection unit 7 exists on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the light receiving element can be irradiated with light from the light source more efficiently.
- the detected light amount can be increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the force provided to the diffuser 27 on the opposite side of the surface on which the amplitude grating is provided on the first scale plate 26 is provided with an amplitude grating that is not limited to this. It may be provided on the surface.
- the diffuser may be formed on the amplitude grating by a resin molding technique or the like.
- a force separate body in which the first scale plate 26 and the diffuser 27 are integrated may be used.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 28 and the distance between the second scale plate 28 and the light receiving element array substrate 29 are set to Z, respectively. It is not something. In other words, any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the second scale plate 28 is a transmissive scale, but it may be a reflective type.
- the light receiving element array substrate 29 may be disposed on the first scale plate 26 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 28.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a front view.
- (B) is a side view.
- the orientation of the first diffuser 27 and the first scale plate 26 provided with the amplitude grating which is substantially the same as that of the ninth embodiment, is arranged upside down in the figure. ! That is, the diffuser 27 is disposed on the light source side, and the amplitude scale is disposed on the second scale plate 28 side. Even in such an arrangement, the same operation as in the ninth embodiment is performed.
- the encoder according to Embodiment 10 also uses a scale plate having a plurality of tracks. Light force that has passed through the track with the first or second scale plate It can be prevented from entering a track different from the corresponding track of the second scale plate or light receiving element array substrate. Therefore, occurrence of detection error can be suppressed.
- the light beam since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the amount of detected light can be increased.
- the coherency of the secondary light source can be sufficiently reduced by the diffuser 27, and a light amount distribution with less noise due to interference between light beams can be imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the diffuser 27 by changing the scattering angle of the light beam by the diffuser 27 according to the position in the X direction, it becomes possible to irradiate the light beam only in the vicinity of the region on the light receiving element array substrate 29 where the detection unit 7 exists.
- the light receiving element can be irradiated with light from the light source more efficiently.
- the detected light amount can be increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 (a) is a front view.
- (B) is a side view.
- the eleventh embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the ninth embodiment, and the light is scattered only in the X direction on the first scale plate 26 on which the force amplitude grating is formed, and the scattering direction is the X direction.
- the diffuser 36 provided on the left side of the first scale plate 26 scatters the light beam generated from the secondary light source generated on the left side toward the upper right side of the drawing and scatters the detection unit on the light receiving element array substrate 29. Proceed toward the entire area where 7 exists.
- the center of the diffuser 36 scatters the light beam from the secondary light source on the A surface toward the upper side of the drawing and advances it toward the entire region where the detection unit 7 exists on the light receiving element array substrate 36.
- Such a diffuser 36 is called CGH (Computer Generated Hologra m).
- the optical encoder according to Embodiment 11 uses a scale plate having a plurality of tracks, but the second power scale that has passed through the track having the first or second scale plate.
- the incident on a track different from the corresponding track of the plate or the light receiving element array substrate is suppressed. Therefore, occurrence of detection error can be suppressed.
- the light beam since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the amount of detected light can be increased.
- the coherency of the secondary light source can be sufficiently reduced by the diffuser 36, and a light amount distribution with less noise due to interference between light beams can be imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the diffuser 36 by changing the scattering direction of the light beam by the diffuser 36 according to the position in the X direction, it becomes possible to irradiate the light beam only in the vicinity of the region where the detection unit 7 exists on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the light receiving element can be irradiated with light from the light source more efficiently.
- the detected light amount can be increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the force provided to the diffuser 36 on the opposite side of the surface on which the amplitude grating is provided on the first scale plate 26 is provided with an amplitude grating that is not limited to this. It may be provided on the surface.
- a force separate body in which the first scale plate 26 and the diffuser 36 are integrated may be used.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 28 and the distance between the second scale plate 28 and the light receiving element array substrate 29 are set to Z, respectively. What Absent. In other words, any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the second scale plate 28 is a transmissive scale, but it may be a reflective type.
- the light receiving element array substrate 29 may be disposed on the first scale plate 26 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 28.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a front view.
- (B) is a side view.
- a cylindrical lens 37 that collects light only in the X direction is provided on the light source side of the first scale plate 26 on the light source side of the first scale plate 26, a cylindrical lens 37 that collects light only in the X direction is provided. Further, on the opposite side, that is, on the second scale plate 28 side, there is provided a diffuser 38 that scatters light only in the X direction, and whose scattering direction and scattering angle are constant regardless of the position in the X direction. . The focal position of the cylindrical lens 37 is set near the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is refracted by the cylindrical lens 37.
- the light passes through the amplitude grating and is scattered by the diffuser 38.
- the light beam of the secondary light source generated on the right side of the A plane is scattered toward the upper left of the drawing and travels toward the entire region where the detection unit 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 29 exists.
- the light beam from the secondary light source generated on the left side is scattered toward the upper right of the drawing, and proceeds toward the entire region where the detection unit 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 29 exists.
- the light beam from the secondary light source is scattered toward the upper side of the drawing and travels toward the entire region where the detection unit 7 exists on the light receiving element array substrate 36. This brings about an effect similar to that of the eleventh embodiment.
- the tracks 32, 33 on the second scale plate 28 out of the light quantity distribution of each secondary light source on the A surface. Only the frequency component transmitted by the grating pattern is formed on the corresponding light receiving element arrays 34 and 35 on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the first scale plate 26 and the second scale plate 28 are aligned along the lattice arrangement direction. As a result, the image on the light receiving element array substrate 29 is also moved, and an output signal correlated with the relative movement amount of the two scale plates is obtained from the light receiving element arrays 34 and 35 on the light receiving element array substrate 29. .
- the optical encoder according to the twelfth embodiment uses a scale plate having a plurality of tracks, but the second power scale that passes through the track having the first or second scale plate.
- the incident on a track different from the corresponding track of the plate or the light receiving element array substrate is suppressed. Therefore, occurrence of detection error can be suppressed.
- the light beam since the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the amount of detected light can be increased.
- the coherency of the secondary light source can be sufficiently reduced by the diffuser 38, and a light amount distribution with less noise due to interference between light beams can be imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the diffuser 38 by changing the scattering direction of the light beam by the diffuser 38 according to the position in the X direction, it becomes possible to irradiate the light beam only in the vicinity of the region where the detection unit 7 exists on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the light receiving element can be irradiated with light from the light source more efficiently.
- the detected light amount can be increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the first scale plate 26, the cylindrical lens 37, and the diffuser 38 may be integrated with each other. Further, a Fresnel lens having a condensing function only in one direction using a cylindrical refractive lens as the cylindrical lens 37 may be used.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 28 and the distance between the second scale plate 28 and the light receiving element array substrate 29 are set to Z, respectively. It is not something. In other words, any condition may be used as long as the light quantity distribution on the A surface is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the second scale plate 28 is a transmissive scale, but it may be a reflective type.
- the light receiving element array substrate 29 may be disposed on the first scale plate 26 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 28.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the second scale plate.
- (a) and (c) are front views, but the form shown in (c) is a further improvement of the form shown in (a).
- (B) is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the first scale plate in the case of (a).
- a prism array 39 ′ that refracts light only in the X direction is provided on the light source side of the first scale plate 2, and a cylindrical tube that condenses light only in the X direction on the opposite emission side.
- a lens array 3 is provided.
- a reflective scale plate 40 is disposed above the first scale plate 2 in the drawing, and a light receiving element array substrate 6 is provided on the left side in the X direction of the first scale plate 2.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is refracted by the prism array 39 'and travels to the left in the drawing.
- each of the substantially parallel light beams is collected only in the X direction by the cylindrical lens array 3, and has substantially the same period as the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3, and the amount of light is A secondary light source 41 having a sinusoidal distribution is generated. Thereafter, the light beam emitted from the secondary light source 41 generated by the substantially parallel light beam travels in the left direction, is reflected by the reflective scale plate 40, and then enters the light receiving element array substrate 6. At this time, the inclination angle of the prism array 3 9 ′ is set so that the amount of light received by the light receiving element array substrate 6 is optimized.
- the light beam applied to the first scale plate 2 is substantially reflected except for reflection on the surfaces of the prism array 39 and the cylindrical lens array 3 and absorption inside.
- the amount of light radiated on the light receiving element array substrate 6 Can be bigger.
- the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased.
- the traveling direction of the substantially parallel light 1 can be controlled by the prism array 39 ′, it is possible to irradiate light only in the vicinity of the region where the detection unit exists on the light receiving element array substrate 6, and the light source power can be more efficiently Light can be irradiated to the light receiving element, and the amount of detected light can be further increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the prism array 39 ′ is used, but the same effect can be obtained even with a single prism.
- the period of the prism array 39 may be an arbitrary value that is not related to the period of the cylindrical lens array 3, but may be determined so that the light quantity distribution of the secondary light source 41 becomes a desired distribution.
- the prism array 39 ′ and the first scale plate 2 are integrated, but may be separate.
- a Fresnel lens array having a condensing function only in one force direction using a cylindrical refractive lens as the cylindrical lens array 3 may be used.
- a prism array 39 that refracts light only in the X direction is provided on the light source side of the first scale plate 2.
- This prism array 39 refracts substantially parallel light 1 and divides it into two substantially parallel light fluxes directed in the horizontal direction of the drawing.
- each substantially parallel light beam is condensed only in the X direction by the cylindrical lens array 3, and has substantially the same period as the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 3. Generates secondary light sources 41 and 42 with a sinusoidal distribution.
- the light beams emitted from the secondary light sources 41 and 42 generated by the above two substantially parallel light beams respectively travel in the left and right directions and are reflected by the reflective scale plate 40, and then are applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 on the left and right sides of the drawing.
- the two kinds of inclination angles of the prism array 39 are set so that the amount of light received by the light receiving element array substrate 6 is optimized.
- the form shown in (d) can obtain substantially the same effect as the form shown in (a) and (b).
- the amount of light received per unit area of the light receiving element array substrate 6 is certainly half of the cases (a) and (b) in the cases (c) and (d).
- the configurations shown in (c) and (d) have symmetry, the error included in the signal detected by each of the left and right light receiving element arrays can be removed by the signal of the other light receiving element array. It can also be said.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the second scale plate.
- the force in the fourteenth embodiment is substantially the same as that in the thirteenth embodiment.
- An array 43 ′ is provided, and a light receiving element array substrate 6 is provided on the left side in the Y direction of the first scale plate 2.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is refracted by the prism array 43 'to become a substantially parallel light beam.
- the secondary light source generated by the substantially parallel light flux travels in the refracted direction, is reflected by the reflective scale plate 40, and then enters the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the inclination angle of the prism array 43 ′ is set so that the light receiving amount of the light receiving element array substrate 6 is optimized!
- the difference from the thirteenth embodiment is the direction in which the substantially parallel light 1 is refracted by the prism array 43 ′.
- the light beam applied to the first scale plate 2 is substantially reflected except for reflection on the surfaces of the prism array 43 and the cylindrical lens array 3 and internal absorption.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the traveling direction of the substantially parallel light 1 can be controlled by the prism array 43 ′, it becomes possible to irradiate light only in the vicinity of the region where the detection part on the light receiving element array substrate 6 exists, and the light source power can be more efficiently emitted. It is possible to irradiate the light receiving element with the light beam and further increase the amount of light detected. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- prism array 43 ′ is used, but a similar effect can be obtained even with a single prism.
- the period of the prism array 43 may be an arbitrary value that is not related to the period of the cylindrical lens array 3, but may be determined so that the light quantity distribution of the secondary light source becomes a desired distribution.
- a force-coupled body including the prism array 43 ′ and the first scale plate 2 may be used.
- a Fresnel lens array having a condensing function only in one force direction using a cylindrical refractive lens for the cylindrical lens array 3 may be used.
- the light source side of the first scale plate 2 is provided with a prism array 43 that refracts light only in the Y direction, not in the X direction.
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 is provided on both sides of the first scale plate 2 in the Y direction. That is, the prism array 43 refracts the substantially parallel light 1 and divides it into two substantially parallel light beams.
- the light emitted from the secondary light source generated by these two substantially parallel light beams travels in the refracted direction and is reflected by the reflective scale plate 40, and then (divided into two locations in the Y direction). ) Incident on the light receiving element array substrate 6. At this time, the inclination angle of the prism array 43 is set so that the light receiving amount of the light receiving element array substrate 6 is optimized!
- a reflective scale that acts as a spatial frequency filter. Only the frequency component transmitted by the light plate 40 is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the image on the light receiving element array substrate 6 also moves, and the relative movement amount of the two scale plates is correlated. An output signal is obtained from the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the prism array 43 is used, but the same effect can be obtained even with a single prism.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the second scale plate.
- (a) and (b) are both front views.
- the form shown in (b) is a further improvement of the form shown in (a).
- the force in the fifteenth embodiment is almost the same as that in the thirteenth embodiment.
- the first scale plate 26 is provided with a prism array 39 ′ that refracts light only in the X direction and an amplitude grating. .
- the substantially parallel light 1 is refracted by the prism array 39 ′ to be a substantially parallel light beam directed to the left in the drawing.
- the light beam emitted from the secondary light source generated by the substantially parallel light beam travels in the refracted direction (left direction in the drawing), is reflected by the reflective scale plate 40, and then enters the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the inclination angle of the prism array 39 ′ is set so that the light receiving amount of the light receiving element array substrate 29 is optimized!
- the frequency component transmitted by the reflective scale plate 40 acting as a spatial frequency filter is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the first scale plate 26 and the reflective scale plate 40 move relative to each other along the lattice arrangement direction. Then, the image on the light receiving element array substrate 29 is also moved, and an output signal correlated with the relative movement amount of the two scale plates is obtained from the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, so that the light beam from the light source can be more efficiently transmitted to the light receiving element, and the detected light amount Can be increased. Furthermore, since the traveling direction of the substantially parallel light 1 can be controlled by the prism array 39 ′, it is possible to irradiate light only in the vicinity of the region where the detection portion on the light receiving element array substrate 29 exists, and more efficiently from the light source Can be irradiated onto the light receiving element, and the amount of detected light can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the prism array 39 ′ is used, but the same effect can be obtained even with a single prism.
- the period of the prism array 39 ′ may be any value that is not related to the period of the amplitude scale on the first scale plate 26, but is determined so that the light quantity distribution of the secondary light source becomes a desired distribution. do it.
- a force separate body in which the prism array 39 ′ and the first scale plate 26 are integrated may be used.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is refracted in the X direction by the prism array 39 '.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is refracted in the Y direction.
- a light receiving element array substrate 29 may be disposed next to the eye scale plate 26 in the Y direction.
- the prism array 39 ′ may be disposed on the power beam emitting side disposed on the light beam incident side.
- the prism array 39 is provided on the opposite side of the amplitude grating provided in the first scale plate 26, but may be provided on the same surface.
- the first scale plate 26 is provided with a prism array 39 that refracts light only in the X direction and an amplitude grating.
- This prism array 39 refracts substantially parallel light 1 and divides it into two substantially parallel light fluxes directed in the horizontal direction of the drawing.
- the light beams emitted from the respective secondary light sources generated by the two substantially parallel light beams travel in the refracted directions (the left and right directions in the drawing) and are reflected by the reflective scale plate 40, and then the light receiving element array bases on the left and right sides in the drawing. Incident on plate 29.
- the inclination angle of the prism array 39 is the same as that of the light receiving element array substrate 29.
- the received light level is set to be optimal.
- the amount of light received per unit area of the light receiving element array substrate 29 is certainly half of the case of (a) in the case of (b). However, since the form shown in (b) has symmetry, it can be said that the error included in the signal detected by each of the left and right light receiving element arrays can be removed by the signal of the other light receiving element array. .
- the prism array 39 is used, but the same effect can be obtained even with a single prism. Also, the parallel light 1 is refracted in the X direction by the prism array 39. As in Embodiment 14, the substantially parallel light is refracted in the Y direction and received by the first scale plate 26 adjacent to the Y direction. An element array substrate 29 may be disposed.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) is a front view
- (b) is a side view.
- the cylindrical lens array 3 on the first scale plate 2 is a convex lens array.
- a cylindrical lens array 44 serving as a concave lens array is disposed.
- light rays are refracted on the boundary between the cylindrical lens array 44 and the first scale plate 2 and on the surface of the first scale plate 2 opposite to the surface on which the cylindrical lens array 44 is disposed.
- the above refraction is omitted in FIG. / Speak.
- the force that generates a secondary light source having a sinusoidal distribution is generated. Since the cylindrical lens array 44 is a concave lens array, the secondary light source is the first one. It is virtually generated on the A surface of the scale plate 2 on the light incident side. Of the sine wave distribution described above, only the frequency component transmitted by the second scale plate 4 serving as a spatial frequency filter is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6. When the first scale plate 2 and the second scale plate 4 move relative to each other along the grid arrangement direction, the image on the light receiving element array substrate 6 also moves, and the relative movement of the two scale plates A correlated output signal is obtained from the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the light irradiated to the first scale plate 2 is reflected on the surfaces of the first scale plate 2 and the cylindrical lens array 44 or absorbed inside. It is possible to pass almost everything except for the above, and the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam is not diffused in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the scale pattern, the light from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light quantity can be further increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the distance between the A plane and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are each Z, and the first scale plate 2 Cylindrical lens array 44 array period, second scale plate 4 grid period, light receiving element array substrate 6 light receiving unit 7 array period P Absent. That is, it is sufficient that the light quantity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 44, but a Fresnel lens array having a diffusion function only in one direction may be used.
- a similar effect can be obtained by using an isosceles triangular prism array having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 44.
- a force reflection type in which the second scale plate 4 is a transmissive scale may be used.
- the light receiving element array substrate 6 may be disposed on the first scale plate 2 side, preferably on the A plane, with respect to the second scale plate 4.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the second scale plate.
- a cylindrical lens array 45 that collects light only in the X direction is provided on the first scale plate 2.
- a reflective scale plate 40 is arranged on the light emitting side of the first scale plate 2, and a light receiving element array substrate 6 is provided on the A surface adjacent to the X direction of the first scale plate 2. It has been.
- Each lens focal position of the cylindrical lens array 45 exists at a position where incident light refracted in the right direction of the drawing intersects on the A plane, and has almost the same period as the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 45. Secondary light sources with a sinusoidal distribution of light intensity are generated at these lens focal positions.
- the light beam emitted from the secondary light source travels in the right direction in the drawing, is reflected by the reflective scale plate 40, and then enters the light receiving element array substrate 6. At this time, the inclination of the light beam traveling direction (broken arrow) by the cylindrical lens array 45 is set so that the amount of light received by the light receiving element array substrate 6 is optimized.
- the light irradiated to the first scale plate 2 passes almost all except the reflection on the surface of the cylindrical lens array 45 and the absorption inside.
- the amount of light irradiated to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam having the light source power can be more efficiently transmitted to the light receiving element, and the detected light amount can be further increased.
- the light beam traveling direction can be controlled by the shape of the cylindrical lens array 45, it is possible to irradiate light only in the vicinity of the area on the light receiving element array substrate 6 where the detection portion exists, and the light from the light source is more efficiently emitted. To the light receiving element Irradiation can be performed, and the amount of detected light can be further increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- the distance between the A surface and the reflective scale plate 40 and the distance between the reflective scale plate 40 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are made equal, and the cylindrical record on the first scale plate 2 is made.
- the array period of the sensor array 45, the grating period on the reflective scale plate 40, and the array period of the light receiving elements on the light receiving element array substrate 6 are made equal.
- the present invention is not limited to this. That is, it is sufficient that the light quantity distribution on the A surface shown in FIG.
- a cylindrical refractive lens is used as the cylindrical lens array 45, but a Fresnel lens array having a condensing function only in one direction may be used.
- the same effect can be obtained by using a triangular prism array V having the same arrangement period as the cylindrical lens 45 V.
- FIG. 18 is a front view showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the first scale plate.
- a concave cylindrical mirror array 47 that condenses light only in the X direction is provided on the first scale plate 2.
- a second scale plate 4 is disposed on the light emitting side of the first scale plate 2, and a light receiving element array substrate 6 is provided on the light traveling direction side.
- the substantially parallel light 1 that is incident light is incident from an optical window 46 provided in the second scale plate 4.
- Substantially parallel light 1 passes through the optical window 46 and then irradiates the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- each concave mirror On the focal position A surface of each concave mirror, a secondary light source having a period substantially the same as the arrangement period of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 and having a sinusoidal light intensity is generated.
- the light emitted from the secondary light source described above travels in the lower left direction in the drawing, passes through the second scale plate 4, and then enters the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the focal length of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 and the inclination of the reflected light traveling direction (broken arrows) from the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 are almost all of the light rays irradiated to the concave cylindrical mirror array 47. Is set to travel on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the light irradiated onto the first scale plate 2 can be reflected almost entirely except for absorption and scattering by the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are made equal to each other.
- the array period of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 on the scale plate 2 of the same, the lattice period of the second scale plate 4 and the array period of the light receiving element 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 were made equal, but it is limited to this. It is not a thing. That is, it is sufficient if the light amount distribution on the A surface is formed on the light receiving element array substrate 6 as an image having the same period as the arrangement period of the light receiving elements 7.
- a cylindrical concave mirror array is used for the concave cylindrical mirror array 47, but a mirror array or a reflective type having a Fresnel lens structure having a condensing function only in the X direction.
- a diffractive optical element array may be used. The same effect can be obtained by using a triangular mirror array having the same arrangement period as that of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- FIG. 19 shows the first scale of the optical encoder according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a front view showing a steel plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate.
- a force is used in which the optical element array on the first scale plate 2 is the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- the convex cylindrical mirror array 48 is arranged.
- a secondary light source having a sinusoidal distribution is generated as in the case of the above-described eighteenth embodiment.
- the secondary light source is the first scale. It is virtually generated on the A surface on the opposite side (upper side in FIG. 19) of the beam plate 2 from the light incident side.
- the focal length of the convex cylindrical mirror array 48 and the inclination of the reflected light traveling direction (broken arrow) from the convex cylindrical mirror array 48 are substantially the same as those irradiated to the convex cylindrical mirror array 48. All light beams are set to travel on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the light irradiated on the first scale plate 2 can be reflected almost entirely except for absorption and scattering by the convex cylindrical mirror array 48.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the distance between the A surface and the second scale plate 4 and the distance between the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are made equal to each other.
- the array period of the convex cylindrical mirror array 48 on the scale plate 2, the lattice period of the second scale plate 4, and the array period of the light receiving element 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 were made equal, but this is limited to this. It is not a thing. That is, the light quantity distribution on the A surface is the light receiving element array substrate 6 and the light receiving element 7 Any condition may be used as long as the image is formed as an image having the same period as the period.
- a cylindrical convex mirror array is used for the convex cylindrical mirror array 48, but a mirror array or a reflective type having a Fresnel lens structure having a diffusion function only in the X direction.
- a diffractive optical element array may be used. The same effect can be obtained by using a triangular mirror array having the same arrangement period as that of the convex cylindrical mirror array 48.
- FIG. 20 is a front view showing the lens, the first scale plate, the second scale plate, and the light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the twentieth embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the first scale plate.
- the optical encoder in the present embodiment is provided with a lens 49 that makes the light emitted from the light source 11 substantially parallel on the force optical window 46 that operates in the same manner as in the eighteenth embodiment.
- the light beam emitted from the light source 11 becomes substantially parallel light 1 by the lens 49.
- the substantially parallel light 1 is It travels in the direction and irradiates the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- a secondary light source having a period substantially the same as the arrangement period of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 and a light amount having a sinusoidal distribution is generated.
- the light irradiated on the first scale plate 2 can be almost regularly reflected except for absorption and scattering by the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder, such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the lens 49 is integrally formed with the optical window 46, the light source and the lens portion can be made thinner. Furthermore, the number of parts can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the same effect can be obtained even if the lens 49 is arranged on the first scale plate 2 side (upper side in the drawing) with the lens 49 arranged on the light source 11 side on the optical window 46.
- a Fresnel lens or a diffraction grating type lens having the same function as the force using a plano-convex lens as the lens 49 may be used.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the first scale plate.
- (A) is a front view and (b) is a side view.
- Embodiment 21 has substantially the same configuration as that of the above-described Embodiment 18, but the substantially parallel light 1 is not incident on the first scale plate 2 with an inclination in the X direction, but is inclined in the Y direction. Incident.
- a secondary light source is generated on the focal position A surface of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 with the light quantity having a sinusoidal distribution.
- the light emitted from the secondary light source travels in the lower left direction in FIG. 21 (b), passes through the second scale plate 4, and then enters the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the focal length of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47, the inclination of the reflected light traveling direction (broken arrow) from the concave cylindrical mirror array 47, the XY plane of the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 The position at is set so that almost all the light rays irradiated to the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 travel on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- Second scale plate serving as a spatial frequency filter in the above sinusoidal light quantity distribution Only the frequency component transmitted by 4 is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the image on the light-receiving element array substrate 6 also moves, and the relative movement of the two scale plates becomes the same.
- a correlated output signal is obtained from the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the light irradiated on the first scale plate 2 can be reflected almost entirely except for absorption and scattering by the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam from the light source can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- substantially parallel light 1 is incident on the first scale plate 2 with an inclination in the Y direction, and in Embodiment 18, the force is incident with an inclination in the X direction. Rather, it may be incident in both X and Y directions.
- the positions of the second scale plate 4 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 must be set so that the amount of light received by the light receiving element array substrate 6 is optimal.
- FIG. 22 is a front view showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the first scale plate.
- (A) is a front view
- (b) is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the first scale plate of (a).
- a cylindrical lens array 50 for condensing light only in the X direction and a reflector 51 are provided on the first scale plate 2.
- a second scale plate 4 is disposed on the light emitting side of the first scale plate 2, and a light receiving element array substrate 6 is provided on the light traveling direction side.
- the substantially parallel light 1 that is incident light is incident from an optical window 46 provided in the second scale plate 4.
- Substantially parallel light 1 passes through the optical window 46 and then irradiates the cylindrical lens array 50.
- the irradiated light beam is reflected by the reflector 51 while being focused by each cylindrical lens, and then is reflected again.
- On the focal position A plane a secondary light source having a period substantially the same as the arrangement period of the cylindrical lens array 50 and a light quantity having a sinusoidal distribution is generated.
- the optical encoder according to the twenty-second embodiment almost all of the light rays irradiated on the first scale plate 2 except for absorption and scattering by the cylindrical lens array 50 and the reflector 51 are received by the light receiving element array substrate.
- the amount of light irradiated onto the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the light beam having the light source power can be transmitted to the light receiving element more efficiently, and the detected light amount can be further increased. Therefore, the characteristics of the optical encoder such as detection resolution and detection accuracy can be improved.
- a Fresnel lens array or a transmissive diffractive optical element array having a condensing function only in the force X direction using a cylindrical refractive lens array as the cylindrical lens array 50 may be used. ,.
- FIG. 23 is a front view showing a first scale plate, a second scale plate, and a light receiving element array substrate in the optical encoder according to the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.
- a reflective scale is applied to the first scale plate.
- the present embodiment is configured with a second scale plate having a force substantially the same as that of the eighteenth embodiment.
- a phase grating 53 having a rectangular cross section that is not an amplitude grating is provided on 52.
- the phase grating also works as a spatial frequency filter with the same optical transfer function (OTF) as the amplitude grating if the arrangement period, step, and scale plate spacing are set appropriately.
- OTF optical transfer function
- the arrangement period of the phase grating 53 is P, which is the same as the arrangement period of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 and the arrangement period of the light receiving elements 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- the step d is assumed to satisfy the following formula.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the light emitted from the light source
- ⁇ is the refractive index of the phase grating 53
- each concave mirror of the concave cylindrical mirror array 47 is the distance Z1 between the second scale plate 52 and the second scale plate 52. It has the value described above (Equation 1).
- the light irradiated on the first scale plate 2 can be reflected almost entirely except for absorption and scattering by the concave cylindrical mirror array 47.
- the amount of light applied to the light receiving element array substrate 6 can be increased.
- the second scale plate 52 is provided with a phase grating 53 that is not an amplitude grating having a light-shielding portion, so that almost all rays other than the absorption and scattering of materials are transmitted.
- both the first scale plate and the second scale plate can be expected to have approximately four times the amount of detected light compared to when an amplitude grating with a duty ratio of 50% is used. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the optical encoder, such as detection resolution and detection accuracy.
- the distance between the A plane and the second scale plate 52 and the distance between the second scale plate 52 and the light receiving element array substrate 6 are made equal, so that the concave cylindrical mirror array 4
- the force that makes the arrangement period of 7 equal, the arrangement period of the phase grating 53, and the arrangement period of the light receiving elements 7 on the light receiving element array substrate 6 is not limited to this. That is, it is sufficient if the light amount distribution on the A surface is imaged on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
- phase grating 53 a rectangular phase grating having a rectangular cross section is used as the phase grating 53.
- amount of light on the A plane such as a sine wave phase grating having a sine wave cross section is not limited to this. Any distribution may be used as long as the image is formed on the light receiving element array substrate 6.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/571,617 US7589314B2 (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2005-06-17 | Optical encoder applying substantially parallel light beams and three periodic optical elements |
| DE112005001619.6T DE112005001619B4 (de) | 2004-07-12 | 2005-06-17 | Optischer Codierer |
| JP2006528498A JPWO2006006342A1 (ja) | 2004-07-12 | 2005-06-17 | 光学式エンコーダ |
| TW094122959A TWI267630B (en) | 2004-07-12 | 2005-07-07 | Optical type encoder |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004204552 | 2004-07-12 | ||
| JP2004-204552 | 2004-07-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006006342A1 true WO2006006342A1 (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
Family
ID=35783695
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/011151 Ceased WO2006006342A1 (ja) | 2004-07-12 | 2005-06-17 | 光学式エンコーダ |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7589314B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2006006342A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20070020133A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100523739C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112005001619B4 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI267630B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006006342A1 (ja) |
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| WO2018144999A1 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Orionis Biosciences, Inc. | Targeted engineered interferon and uses thereof |
| WO2019148089A1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | Orionis Biosciences Inc. | Xcr1 binding agents and uses thereof |
| EP3909978A1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2021-11-17 | Orionis Biosciences BV | Clec9a binding agents and use thereof |
| JP7523866B2 (ja) | 2020-12-21 | 2024-07-29 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | 光学式エンコーダ |
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| CN101514909B (zh) * | 2008-02-22 | 2011-07-27 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 光学编码盘以及相应的光学编码器 |
| JP4996706B2 (ja) | 2010-03-03 | 2012-08-08 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体発光素子およびその製造方法 |
| KR101308396B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-30 | 2013-10-04 | 주식회사 져스텍 | 이미지 거리와 오브젝트 거리가 동일한 광학 인코더를 위한 otf에 기초한 광학계 설계방법 및 그에 따른 광학 인코더 |
| KR101377686B1 (ko) * | 2012-05-30 | 2014-04-01 | 주식회사 져스텍 | 이미지 거리와 오브젝트 거리가 상이한 광학 인코더를 위한 otf에 기초한 광학계 설계방법 및 그에 따른 광학 인코더 |
| JP6000759B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-31 | 2016-10-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | スケール、エンコーダ、レンズ装置、および、撮像システム |
| CN103851537B (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2017-07-25 | 海洋王(东莞)照明科技有限公司 | Led灯具及其透镜 |
| CN102944254B (zh) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-11-25 | 欧姆龙(上海)有限公司 | 旋转编码器 |
| DE102012222077A1 (de) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-05 | Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh | Positionsmesseinrichtung |
| JP7148337B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2022-10-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | 位置検出装置、リソグラフィ装置、力覚センサ及び力覚センサを有する装置 |
| CN109801935B (zh) | 2019-01-31 | 2021-01-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 光探测面板及其制作方法、显示装置 |
| US12385764B2 (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2025-08-12 | Mitutoyo Corporation | Absolute position encoder utilizing single track configuration |
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| JPH1114404A (ja) * | 1997-06-23 | 1999-01-22 | Fanuc Ltd | 光学式ロータリエンコーダ |
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| EP3909978A1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2021-11-17 | Orionis Biosciences BV | Clec9a binding agents and use thereof |
| EP3998281A1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2022-05-18 | Orionis Biosciences BV | Cd8 binding agents |
| EP4059957A1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2022-09-21 | Orionis Biosciences BV | Bispecific signaling agents and uses thereof |
| EP4421094A2 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2024-08-28 | Orionis Biosciences BV | Targeted therapeutic agents and uses thereof |
| WO2018144999A1 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | Orionis Biosciences, Inc. | Targeted engineered interferon and uses thereof |
| WO2019148089A1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | Orionis Biosciences Inc. | Xcr1 binding agents and uses thereof |
| JP7523866B2 (ja) | 2020-12-21 | 2024-07-29 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | 光学式エンコーダ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112005001619B4 (de) | 2014-03-06 |
| CN1977146A (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
| JPWO2006006342A1 (ja) | 2008-04-24 |
| US20080048104A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
| CN100523739C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
| TW200606403A (en) | 2006-02-16 |
| US7589314B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
| TWI267630B (en) | 2006-12-01 |
| KR20070020133A (ko) | 2007-02-16 |
| DE112005001619T5 (de) | 2007-09-27 |
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