WO2005104246A1 - 定電流駆動装置、バックライト光源装置及びカラー液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
定電流駆動装置、バックライト光源装置及びカラー液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005104246A1 WO2005104246A1 PCT/JP2005/005370 JP2005005370W WO2005104246A1 WO 2005104246 A1 WO2005104246 A1 WO 2005104246A1 JP 2005005370 W JP2005005370 W JP 2005005370W WO 2005104246 A1 WO2005104246 A1 WO 2005104246A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thyristor
- light emitting
- constant current
- series
- emitting diodes
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
- G09G3/342—Control of illumination source using several illumination sources separately controlled corresponding to different display panel areas, e.g. along one dimension such as lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- H05B45/54—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits in a series array of LEDs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/04—Structural and physical details of display devices
- G09G2300/0439—Pixel structures
- G09G2300/0452—Details of colour pixel setup, e.g. pixel composed of a red, a blue and two green components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
- G09G2320/0626—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness
- G09G2320/064—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness by time modulation of the brightness of the illumination source
Definitions
- Constant current drive device backlight light source device and color liquid crystal display device
- the present invention provides a constant current drive device in which a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs: Light Emitting Diodes) connected in series are driven at a constant current by a pulse width modulation constant current drive circuit, and a constant current drive device.
- the present invention relates to a driven backlight light source device and a color liquid crystal display device.
- a light-emitting diode has a long life and a light-off force.
- a failure caused by an open mode in which a wire is broken and a failure caused by a short mode in which a short circuit occurs.
- the cost was high, and it was difficult to realize with actual equipment.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a constant current drive for a plurality of elements connected in series, for example, a light emitting diode, in consideration of the above-described conventional situation, and to bypass the element current at that location when the element is in the open mode failure. It is an object of the present invention to provide a constant current driving device that automatically avoids a disconnection state at that location, a backlight light source device driven by the constant current driving device, and a color liquid crystal display device.
- the present invention relates to a constant current driving device for driving a plurality of elements connected in series with a constant current by a pulse width modulation constant current driving circuit, wherein the thyristor switch is connected in parallel to each of the plurality of elements connected in series.
- the thyristor is turned off when the serially connected elements are in normal operation, and the thyristor is turned on when the serially connected elements are open.
- a gate potential setting circuit for providing a gate potential to the thyristor is provided.
- the present invention also relates to a backlight light source device for illuminating a display panel with a rear-side force, comprising: a plurality of light-emitting diodes connected in series; and a thyristor switch connected in parallel to each of the plurality of light-emitting diodes connected in series.
- the thyristor is turned off during normal operation of the serially connected light emitting diodes, and the thyristor is turned off when the serially connected light emitting diodes are opened.
- a gate potential setting circuit for providing a gate potential to be turned on to the thyristor is provided.
- the present invention relates to a color liquid crystal display device comprising a transmission type color liquid crystal display panel provided with a color filter and a backlight light source device for illuminating the color liquid crystal display panel from the back side.
- the backlight light source device includes a plurality of light emitting diodes connected in series, and a bypass circuit including a thyristor connected in parallel to each of the plurality of light emitting diodes connected in series.
- a thyristor is in an off state during normal operation of the connected light emitting diode, and a gate potential setting circuit is provided for applying a gate potential to the thyristor to turn on the thyristor when the light emitting diode connected in series is opened. I have.
- the bypass including the thyristor connected in parallel to each of the plurality of elements connected in series is also provided.
- the gate potential setting circuit provided in the circuit sets the gate potential to turn on the thyristor when the elements connected in series are in the off state during normal operation of the elements connected in series, and to turn on the thyristor when the elements connected in series are open.
- the thyristor connected to the open element is supplied to the thyristor, when driving a plurality of series-connected element arrays, for example, light emitting diodes, at constant current, the element current at that point is bypassed when the element is in the OPEN mode failure. Therefore, the disconnection state of the relevant portion can be automatically avoided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a backlight type color liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a drive circuit constituting the color liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C are plan views each showing a configuration of a color filter provided in a color liquid crystal panel in a color liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an example of arrangement of light emitting diodes in a backlight light source device constituting a color liquid crystal display device.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a form in which each light emitting diode is connected in an example of arrangement of light emitting diodes by a diode mark of an electric circuit diagram symbol.
- Fig. 6 shows the use of two red light-emitting diodes, two green light-emitting diodes, and two blue light-emitting diodes, and a unit cell in which a total of six light-emitting diodes are arranged in a row.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a case where three basic unit cells 4 are connected in succession, in a pattern notation using the number of light emitting diodes.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an actual arrangement of light emitting diodes in a light source of a knock light light source device in a pattern notation by the number of LEDs.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a driving configuration of a light emitting diode in a knock light source device.
- FIG. 10 is a block circuit diagram showing a configuration for flowing a constant current to a plurality of light emitting diodes connected in series in the knock light source device.
- FIG. 11 shows that, in the knock light light source device, when a plurality of light emitting diodes connected in series are driven at a constant current, the device current is bypassed at the location when the element is in the open mode failure, and the disconnection at the location is performed.
- FIG. 3 is a block circuit diagram showing a configuration for automatically avoiding a state.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing a structure of a thyristor
- FIG. 12B is a circuit diagram showing an operation thereof.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a case where a plurality of light-emitting diodes connected in series in the OPEN mode of the knock light source device bypass the element current at the location and automatically avoid a disconnection state at the location.
- FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram showing a configuration for this.
- the present invention is applied to a backlight type color liquid crystal display device 100 configured as shown in FIG.
- the color liquid crystal display device 100 includes a transmission type color liquid crystal display panel 10 and a backlight light source device 20 provided on the back side of the color liquid crystal display panel 10.
- a TFT substrate 11 and a counter electrode substrate 12 which are two transparent substrates made of a transparent material such as glass, are arranged to face each other.
- a liquid crystal layer 13 enclosing a nematic liquid crystal (TN) is provided.
- signal lines 14 and scanning lines 15 arranged in a matrix and thin film transistors 16 as switching elements and pixel electrodes 17 arranged at intersections thereof are formed.
- the thin film transistors 16 are sequentially selected by the scanning lines 15, and write the video signals supplied from the signal lines 14 to the corresponding pixel electrodes 17.
- a counter electrode 18 and a color filter 19 are formed on the surface of the counter electrode substrate 12 on the side facing the TFT substrate 11.
- the transmissive color liquid crystal display panel 10 having the above-described configuration is sandwiched between two polarizing plates 31, 32, and white light is emitted from the back side by the backlight light source device 20.
- the active matrix method By driving in this state by the active matrix method, a desired full-color image display can be obtained.
- the knock light source device 20 includes a light source 21 and a wavelength selection filter 22, and the light emitted from the light source 21 also illuminates the color liquid crystal display panel 10 through the wavelength selection filter 22 with the rear side force.
- the color liquid crystal display device 100 is driven by a drive circuit 200 having a configuration as shown in FIG.
- the driving circuit 200 includes a power supply unit 110 for supplying power for driving the color liquid crystal display panel 10 and the backlight light source device 20, an X driver circuit 120 and a Y driver circuit 130 for driving the color liquid crystal display panel 10, and external power is also a video signal. Is supplied via input terminal 140 It includes a GB process processing section 150, an image memory 160 and a control section 170 connected to the RGB process processing section 150, a backlight drive control section 180 for controlling the driving of the backlight light source device 20, and the like.
- the video signal input through the input terminal 140 is subjected to signal processing such as chroma processing by the RGB process processing unit 150, and the composite signal power is also suitable for driving the color liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the signal is converted to an RGB separate signal and supplied to the control unit 170, and is also supplied to the X driver 120 via the image memory 160.
- the control unit 170 controls the X driver 120 and the Y driver circuit 130 at a predetermined timing according to the RGB separate signal, and controls the color liquid crystal with the RGB separate signal supplied to the X driver 120 via the image memory 160.
- the color filter 19 is divided into a plurality of segments corresponding to each pixel electrode 17.
- a red filter CFR obtained by adding cyan (C) to three primary colors (RGB) as shown in Figure 3B CFR
- Cyan color filter CFC Green color filter CFG
- Blue color filter CFB or a red filter CFR with cyan (C) and yellow (Y) added to three primary colors (RGB) as shown in Fig. 3C.
- the knock light source device 20 has a transmission type color liquid crystal display panel 10 on the back.
- An area light type light source 21 that irradiates with a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is adopted! RU
- Fig. 4 shows an example of the arrangement of light-emitting diodes, where two red light-emitting diodes 1, two green light-emitting diodes 2 and two blue light-emitting diodes 3 are used for each of the unit cells 4-1 and 42, for a total of 6 light-emitting diodes.
- This figure shows a state in which the light emitting diodes are arranged in a line.
- the number of LEDs is six.
- the number distribution of each color may have variations other than this example.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a form in which the unit cell 41 and the unit cell 4-2 are connected by a diode mark of an electric circuit diagram symbol.
- the light-emitting diodes that is, the red light-emitting diode 1, the green light-emitting diode 2, and the blue light-emitting diode 3 are connected in series with their polarities matched in the direction of current flow from left to right.
- two red light emitting diodes 1, two green light emitting diodes 2, and two blue light emitting diodes 3 are used, and a unit cell 4 in which a total of six light emitting diodes are arranged in a line is used as a light emitting diode of each color.
- (2G 2R 2B) indicates that the basic unit is a total of six patterns, two each for green, red, and blue.
- the symbol is 3 * (2G 2R 2B), and the pattern is represented by the number of light emitting diodes (6G 6R 6B). It is.
- the light source 21 has three medium units (6G 6R 6B) of three times the basic unit (2G 2R 2B) of the light emitting diode described above, and has four rows vertically and five columns horizontally. A total of 360 light emitting diodes are arranged.
- the backlight light source device 20 Since it is not easy to apply individual addressing to all 360 light emitting diodes, the backlight light source device 20 has a driving configuration as shown in FIG.
- the RGB pair gl-gn corresponding to each of the n columns has a configuration in which each of the RGB light emitting diodes is independently connected in series to each column, and a constant current flows through the DC-DC converter 7. Been! / Puru.
- an LED string 40 in which a plurality of light emitting diodes LED1—LEDn are connected in series has one end connected to the DC-DC converter 7 via the detection resistor (Rc) 5, and the other end grounded via the FET6.
- the DC-DC converter 7 detects a voltage drop due to the detection resistor 5 against the setting of the output voltage Vcc, and forms a feedback loop so that a predetermined constant current ILED flows through the LED string connected in series. ing.
- the voltage drop due to the detection resistor 5 is fed back via a sample-and-hold circuit provided in the DC-DC converter 7.
- the main PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal applied to the gate of the FET 6 from the driver IC 181 provided in the knock light drive control unit 180 the current flowing through the LED array 40 is turned on and off for a predetermined period, Increase or decrease the amount of light emitted from each light-emitting diode in the LED array.
- the FET6 is switched by the main PWM signal supplied from the driver IC 181 provided in the backlight drive control unit 180, and a plurality of light emitting diodes LED1—LEDn are connected in series.
- the drive current supplied by the DC / DC converter 7 is turned on and off to the LED string 40, thereby driving the light emitting diodes 41A to 41E with pulse width modulation constant current driving.
- the force provided with the sample and hold in the feedback loop for current detection is one example, and another method may be used.
- a sample pulse generated by the sample and hold switch driving circuit 182 based on the main PWM signal is supplied to the sample and hold switch 8.
- the group of LED rows 40 shown in FIG. 10 corresponds to one row of the pair of RGBs gl—gn corresponding to each of the n rows shown in FIG. Therefore, in this example, a similar circuit is required for gn columns X 3 times (for RGB).
- this backlight light source device when driving a plurality of light emitting diodes connected in series at a constant current, the device current at the location is bypassed when the element is in the open mode failure, and the disconnection state at the location is automatically determined.
- a configuration for avoiding this will be described with reference to FIGS. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 11, a thyristor 81-8 ⁇ connected to the five light emitting diodes 41A-41E connected in series and a voltage dividing resistor 82 (1 ⁇ 1, Ra2) -82 E (Rel, Re 2) Powerful bypass circuit 80A-80E is provided!
- Each of the voltage dividing resistors 82A-82E has its midpoint connected to the gate terminal of the thyristor 81A-81E.
- the thyristors 81A-81E are in the off state, and the light is emitted.
- a gate potential setting circuit 83A-83E is provided to each thyristor 81A-81E so as to turn on the thyristor 81A-81E when the diode 41A-41E is opened.
- Each light-emitting diodes 41A-41E connected in series, when operating normally, from top to bottom. Each has an individual voltage drop from Vfa to Vfe, and varies depending on the manufacturing unit. Also,
- Five light emitting diodes 41A to 41E connected in series are PWM driven by FET6.
- FET6 Five light emitting diodes 41A to 41E connected in series are PWM driven by FET6.
- a resistor 85 (Rf) in parallel to the FET 6, the turned-on thyristor flows through the resistor 85 the minimum sustain current for maintaining the turned-on state.
- the resistor 85 is provided to slightly supply a current Rf to the light emitting diodes 41A to 41E when the FET 6 is off. In other words, complete emission cannot be expected, but always maintain a minimum sustaining current that does not turn on the thyristor.
- the thyristor as shown in Fig. 12A, is a four-layer element consisting of a PNPN with a PN junction added to the transistor, and is a three-terminal element consisting of an anode A, a gate G, and a power source K.
- the gate current (I) flows as shown in FIG.
- the A force also forces the current to flow through the sword K. This continues even if the application of voltage between the gate's force swords (G-K) is stopped. That is, if a voltage is applied for a short period of time between the gate force sword (G-K), a current flows from the anode terminal A to the force sword terminal K via (I) and (I), and the state becomes conductive.
- the gate potential setting circuit 83A-83E turns off each thyristor 81A-81E at about 4V in this example when the light emitting diodes 41A-41E are operating normally. Keep in state.
- the terminal voltage of the light emitting diode 41B increases, so that a gate current flows instantaneously and the thyristor 81B is turned on instantaneously. Due to the nature of the thyristor, the ON state of the turned-on thyristor 81B will continue even if the date potential is removed unless the applied voltage drops below the minimum sustaining current.Therefore, the resistance of the resistor 85 must be set appropriately. Thus, the light emitting diode having an OPEN failure can be effectively bypassed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020057022944A KR101196806B1 (ko) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-03-24 | 정전류구동장치, 백라이트 광원장치 및 컬러액정표시장치 |
EP05721384A EP1739757A4 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-03-24 | CONSTANT CURRENT ATTACK CIRCUIT, REAR LIGHT SOURCE AND LIQUID CRYSTAL COLOR DISPLAY |
US10/560,444 US7538497B2 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-03-24 | Constant current driver, back light source and color liquid crystal display |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004124795A JP4123183B2 (ja) | 2004-04-20 | 2004-04-20 | 定電流駆動装置、バックライト光源装置及びカラー液晶表示装置 |
JP2004-124795 | 2004-04-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005104246A1 true WO2005104246A1 (ja) | 2005-11-03 |
Family
ID=35197280
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/005370 WO2005104246A1 (ja) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-03-24 | 定電流駆動装置、バックライト光源装置及びカラー液晶表示装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7538497B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2363894A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4123183B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101196806B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100397667C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005104246A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
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GB2434044A (en) * | 2006-01-05 | 2007-07-11 | Chuntex Electronic Co Ltd | Backlight module control circuit of multi-lamp display device |
CN101690398A (zh) * | 2007-05-08 | 2010-03-31 | 克里公司 | 用于控制固态照明面板的系统和方法 |
JP2010221842A (ja) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-10-07 | Koito Mfg Co Ltd | 車両用灯具 |
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JP4172501B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-31 | 2008-10-29 | ソニー株式会社 | 発光ダイオード点灯回路、照明装置及び液晶表示装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1739757A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
EP2363894A3 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
JP4123183B2 (ja) | 2008-07-23 |
JP2005310999A (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
KR20060133445A (ko) | 2006-12-26 |
CN1788363A (zh) | 2006-06-14 |
US7538497B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
US20060176411A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
CN100397667C (zh) | 2008-06-25 |
EP2363894A2 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
KR101196806B1 (ko) | 2012-11-06 |
EP1739757A4 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
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