WO2005104208A1 - シリコン半導体基板の熱処理方法及び同方法で処理されたシリコン半導体基板 - Google Patents
シリコン半導体基板の熱処理方法及び同方法で処理されたシリコン半導体基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005104208A1 WO2005104208A1 PCT/JP2005/007716 JP2005007716W WO2005104208A1 WO 2005104208 A1 WO2005104208 A1 WO 2005104208A1 JP 2005007716 W JP2005007716 W JP 2005007716W WO 2005104208 A1 WO2005104208 A1 WO 2005104208A1
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 346
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 136
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000006935 Becker muscular dystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037663 Best vitelliform macular dystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000020938 vitelliform macular dystrophy 2 Diseases 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNPLRYRWJLTVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cloperastine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)OCCN1CCCCC1 UNPLRYRWJLTVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- VJTAZCKMHINUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloro(2-methoxyethyl)mercury Chemical compound [Cl-].COCC[Hg+] VJTAZCKMHINUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/322—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections
- H01L21/3221—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections of silicon bodies, e.g. for gettering
- H01L21/3225—Thermally inducing defects using oxygen present in the silicon body for intrinsic gettering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon semiconductor substrate for forming an integrated circuit or the like obtained from a silicon single crystal, and relates to a heat treatment method for controlling a defect density distribution in a depth direction of a silicon semiconductor substrate.
- a silicon semiconductor substrate (a wafer) used for a device such as a semiconductor integrated circuit is mainly manufactured from a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method (CZ method).
- CZ method a seed crystal is immersed in molten silicon in a quartz crucible and pulled up to grow a single crystal.
- Oxygen is also mixed in the silicon single crystal with the force of the quartz crucible holding the molten silicon. This oxygen is sufficiently dissolved in the crystal at a high temperature immediately after the solidification of the crystal, but the solubility is rapidly reduced as the crystal is cooled. Therefore, the oxygen is usually present in a single crystal in a supersaturated state.
- Oxygen that is dissolved in supersaturated form in the wafer collected from the single crystal is a force that precipitates as an oxide by heat treatment in the subsequent device manufacturing process. If it occurs in the fabrication area, it hinders the performance of the device.
- the precipitate generated inside the silicon substrate is also called BMD (Bulk Micro Defect), and effectively acts as a gettering source that captures heavy metal impurities that enter the wafer during the device manufacturing process and deteriorate its performance. I do. Gettering using this BMD is called intrinsic gettering, and is widely used as a gettering method for harmful heavy metals. In order for BMD to function effectively as a gettering source, it must be present in the wafer at a density higher than a certain level. If the density is too high, the mechanical strength of the substrate will decrease. Will occur.
- the device manufacturing region on the surface of the wafer is made defect-free, and a heat treatment cycle for generating a BMD of a gettering source at an effective density is provided inside.
- a typical example is (a) a low oxygen layer, that is, a Denuted Zone (hereinafter, referred to as (B) After heating at a low temperature of 600-750 ° C to form effective precipitation nuclei inside the wafer, (b) This is a processing method called high-low-high (or medium) cycle in which heat treatment is performed at a medium or high temperature of 1150 ° C to grow a BMD on the precipitate nuclei to secure a gettering source.
- this processing method takes a lot of time and the productivity is not always good.
- RTA Rapid Temperatur Annealing
- a rapid temperature rise / fall heat treatment technology capable of providing a similar BMD wafer depth direction structure without performing such a complicated and long-time heat treatment.
- These technologies suppress the unevenness of precipitation due to the thermal history of crystals and the occurrence of non-uniformities such as oxygen concentration, which have caused the variation in BMD density, rather than simply completing the heat treatment in a very short time on the order of seconds. can do .
- This RTA is then subjected to a BMD growth heat treatment using an argon (Ar) atmosphere (hereinafter referred to as “Ar atmosphere”) to ensure a sufficient depth of DZ on the surface layer and a high density BMD inside.
- Ar atmosphere argon
- This distribution form of BMD can be called its shape force inverse U-shape distribution.
- the depth of the DZ and the density of the internal BMD can be controlled by controlling the holding temperature, the holding time, and the cooling rate from the holding temperature in the RTA (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the area where the BMD density, which is a harmful heavy metal gettering source that is not high in the area close to the device fabrication area on the surface layer, is located away from the surface layer is located in recent years.
- Power Proximity It is difficult to obtain the proximity gettering effect.
- the demand was that the diffusion rate of heavy metal contaminating the device fabrication area due to the low temperature process in the device process was slowed down. That is the request.
- An ideal BMD distribution for this purpose is a silicon layer in which a defect-free layer having a sufficient depth is formed on the surface and a BMD serving as a gettering source is formed at a high density near the surface layer. Ha.
- a BMD density inside the wafer does not become too high.
- Such an ideal BMD distribution can be called an M-shaped distribution in contrast to an inverted U-shaped distribution by an RTA in an Ar atmosphere.
- the M-shape distribution of this BMD is based on nitriding gas, for example, N, NH, etc., and between these nitriding gases and Ar (argon), O (oxygen), H (hydrogen), etc.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2002-110683 A
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2003-7711
- An object of the present invention is to provide a silicon wafer in which the distribution form is arbitrarily controlled in the M-shaped distribution of the BMD density in the wafer depth direction obtained by rapid temperature rise / fall heat treatment using a nitrogen-containing atmosphere. And a heat treatment method for stably obtaining such a silicon wafer.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a BMD distribution by RTA in a nitrogen atmosphere. Near the surface layer, a high density BMD is formed in the area, and the BMD density inside shows a typical M-shaped distribution. In contrast, when Ar is used for the atmosphere, the distribution is as shown in Fig. 2.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show the nitrogen concentration diffused into the silicon wafer by the nitrogen atmosphere RTA, the BMD density (BMD) after the nitrogen atmosphere RTA, and the Ar atmosphere R
- BMD BMD density
- the holding temperature (including the concept of holding temperature range) is obtained by performing RTA processing for 1 m-1 to 3 h at a temperature of 1150 to 1250 ° C and a holding time of 10 to 90 sec.
- two cooling rate levels (90 ° CZsec and 10 ° CZsec) were tested for several holding temperature and holding time conditions.
- Each BMD density in the BMD density difference also determined the same RTA condition force.
- the concentration of nitrogen diffused into the wafer by the nitrogen atmosphere RTA was measured by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy).
- the increase in BMD density near the wafer surface due to the nitrogen atmosphere RTA appears at the portion where the nitrogen concentration has permeated 1 ⁇ 10 14 atoms / cm 3 or more, and depends only on the nitrogen concentration.
- the holding temperature and holding time of RTA determine the concentration distribution of nitrogen that diffuses inward from the atmosphere into the wafer, the effect of these RTA conditions on the relationship between the BMD density difference and the nitrogen concentration shown in Figure 3 is Reflected in nitrogen concentration. Therefore, the control of the BMD density in the vicinity of the surface layer in the nitrogen atmosphere RTA can be achieved by controlling the RTA holding temperature, holding time, and the nitrogen concentration distribution inwardly diffused into the wafer by the nitrogen partial pressure of the atmosphere. It can be controlled to any value regardless of the value.
- a mixed gas of Ar and nitrogen is used in the RTA atmosphere, and the nitrogen partial pressure of the mixed gas is changed to control the concentration distribution of nitrogen diffused inward into the wafer.
- the partial pressure of nitrogen was set to 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, and 100%.
- the holding temperature of RTA was 1250 ° C
- the holding time was 30s
- the cooling rate from the holding temperature was 60 ° CZs.
- the nitrogen concentration was measured by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy) after RTA.
- Fig. 4 shows the results. From this, it can be seen that in the atmosphere containing nitrogen, the nitrogen concentration is high on the surface layer side and gradually decreases toward the inside.
- the higher the nitrogen partial pressure the higher the nitrogen concentration.
- These are due to the diffusion of nitrogen from the atmosphere into the wafer during RTA and to the vicinity of the wafer surface as the nitrogen partial pressure increases. It indicates that the amount of diffused nitrogen is increasing, thus indicating that the nitrogen concentration can be substantially arbitrarily controlled by the nitrogen partial pressure.
- the decrease in nitrogen concentration at the outermost surface is due to out-diffusion of nitrogen during RTA quenching.
- nitrogen partial pressure 0% nitrogen was not detected after RTA.
- This example is an example in which the nitrogen concentration in the vicinity of the surface layer is controlled by the nitrogen partial pressure of the atmosphere, and this nitrogen concentration agrees well with the calculation result by the diffusion equation as described later. In other words, since the movement of nitrogen is a diffusion law, it can be easily controlled by the RTA holding temperature and holding time.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the thermal equilibrium concentration of nitrogen in the silicon crystal determined by the present inventors and the nitrogen partial pressure in RTA atmosphere and the temperature.
- the plot in Fig. 5 shows that after RTA treatment with a nitrogen partial pressure changed in an Ar and nitrogen mixed gas atmosphere (retention temperature 1250 ° C, 1200 ° C, 1100 ° C, retention time all 30 sec), SIMS This is the nitrogen concentration in the vicinity of the evaluated silicon / evapor surface.
- the line shown in Fig. 5, that is, the thermal equilibrium concentration Ceq shown in equations (1) and (2) can be given as the boundary conditions for the calculation.
- K is Boltz
- T is an absolute temperature [K].
- Fig. 6 shows the nitrogen concentration distribution diffused in the RTA nitrogen atmosphere force wafer and the measured nitrogen concentration distribution (measured by SIMS) calculated using these.
- the RTA conditions are as follows: holding temperature 1250 ° C, holding time 30s, cooling rate from the holding temperature 60 ° CZs, atmospheric nitrogen partial pressure 1%. This shows that the calculated inward diffusion behavior of nitrogen can reproduce the measured value well.
- the RTA ambient force ⁇ ⁇ the nitrogen concentration diffused into the aa can be easily predicted by calculation of the RTA holding temperature, holding time, and atmospheric nitrogen partial pressure. is there.
- BMD BMD density
- -BMD has a nitrogen concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 14 atoms Zcm 3 or more, as shown in FIGS.3A and 3B.
- the holding temperature and holding time of the RTA determine the concentration distribution of nitrogen that diffuses inward into the atmosphere, and therefore, these relationships with the relationship between the BMD density difference and the nitrogen concentration shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- the effect of RTA conditions was reflected as nitrogen concentration.
- the BMD density (BMD) due to the Ar atmosphere has a strong correlation with the vacancy concentration (C) remaining in the wafer after RTA, as described below.
- thermal equilibrium concentrations of vacancies and interstitial silicon atoms were introduced into the silicon wafer surface. These thermal equilibrium concentrations are functions that depend only on temperature.
- the thermal equilibrium concentrations of vacancies (C eq ) and interstitial silicon atoms (C eq ) are given by Equations (4) and (5), respectively.
- T represents an absolute temperature [K]
- T represents a melting point of silicon (1685 [ ⁇ ]).
- the vacancies and interstitial silicon atoms introduced into the wafer surface at a thermal equilibrium concentration diffuse and move in accordance with the respective concentration gradients generated inside the wafer. This diffusion behavior is governed by the diffusion constants of vacancies (D) and interstitial silicon atoms (D), which are
- a is a critical distance at which a pair annihilation reaction occurs
- ⁇ ⁇ is a barrier energy of the pair annihilation.
- the vacancy concentration C remaining in the wafer is in an initial state.
- Fig. 7 shows an example of the relationship between C obtained by such numerical calculation and the measured BMD density in the corresponding Ar atmosphere. Shown in Figure 7
- the obtained BMD density is data obtained from RTA processing power obtained by changing the holding temperature (1150, 1200, 1250.C), the holding time (10, 20, 30 sec), and the cooling rate (90, 10 ° CZsec). From this, the BMD density due to the Ar atmosphere has a strong correlation with the calculated C, and therefore the RTA retention
- BMD density (BMD) and nitrogen concentration in a nitrogen atmosphere 1: 1
- BMD density can be easily controlled.
- the BMD density in the Ar atmosphere becomes very low near the wafer surface, the BMD density in the nitrogen atmosphere is determined only by the nitrogen concentration.
- the BMD density distribution in the vicinity of the wafer surface can be strictly controlled by controlling the concentration of nitrogen inwardly diffused into the wafer. So Since this nitrogen concentration distribution can be easily controlled by the RTA holding temperature, holding time, ambient nitrogen partial pressure, etc., it is possible to control the BMD density near the surface layer in the nitrogen atmosphere RTA to virtually any shape. Become.
- the BMD density inside the wafer may be controlled by the RTA holding temperature and the cooling rate (see JP-A-2002-110683).
- the DZ is controlled by the cooling rate of the RTA as described in JP-A-2002-110683.
- the cooling rate of RTA is an important control parameter for controlling the BMD density near the surface layer, and hence the depth of DZ.
- RTA conditions are a holding temperature of 1250 ° C and a holding time of 30 seconds. The experiment was carried out using a mixed atmosphere of Ar and nitrogen and changing the partial pressure of nitrogen from 0.2% to LOO%.
- the reason why the nitrogen concentration is limited to 10 m from the surface in the depth direction of the wafer is as follows. In other words, considering the simplicity of nitrogen concentration evaluation, it is desirable to limit the nitrogen concentration at the outermost surface of the wafer, but the nitrogen concentration on the outermost surface changes due to the outward diffusion of nitrogen during RTA cooling, making it difficult to control. Therefore, the position at 10 ⁇ m where the change during cooling is small is appropriate as the nitrogen concentration limited position.
- the oxygen concentration of the silicon wafer used is 9 to 17 ⁇ 10 1 was a atomsZcm, the oxygen concentration is 9 X 10 below the atomsZcm decreases the mechanical strength of the Ue Ha RTA processing in Ueno, slip is introduced into the oxygen concentration of 1 7 X 10 17 atoms / cm_ 3 Above this, the generated BMD density becomes excessive and it becomes difficult to secure DZ. Furthermore, in order to control the BMD distribution in RTA using a nitrogen-containing atmosphere, it is desirable to set the following control factors in the following ranges. First, the RTA holding temperature is preferably in the range of 1100 to 1300 ° C. This is because if the holding temperature is lower than 1100 ° C, the amount of vacancies introduced is extremely low, and if the temperature exceeds 1300 ° C where BMD is formed, it is difficult to avoid the occurrence of slip on the substrate.
- the RTA holding time is preferably in the range of 1 to 300 sec in order to determine the nitrogen diffusion distance while making the most of the advantage of the RTA of short-time processing.
- the partial pressure of atmospheric nitrogen is too high, it is difficult to secure DZ.
- the partial pressure is too high, a nitride film is formed on the surface of the wafer and the surface of the wafer becomes rough, so that the range of 0.1 to 1% is desirable.
- the cooling rate is low, a deep DZ can be secured, and when the cooling rate is too high, the temperature difference in the wafer surface increases and slip occurs due to thermal stress.
- the range of l to 100 ° CZs is desirable because it is easy to use.
- Figure 9A shows the concentration of vacancies of silicon crystal (C) in the Ar atmosphere RTA at high temperature.
- the distribution is kept uniform as shown in FIG. 9A in the wafer depth direction.
- the wafer is quenched at a cooling rate of several tens of ° CZsec.
- the quenched hollows and the interstitial silicon atoms decrease in concentration by pair annihilation and outward diffusion. Since interstitial silicon atoms diffuse rapidly, the outdiffusion effect extends to the inside of the wafer, and the concentration thereof is significantly reduced.
- the concentration of vacancies decreases due to outward diffusion in the vicinity of the surface layer due to slow diffusion, but remains at a high concentration inside the wafer. Therefore, after RTA, Voids remain in the wafer in a distributed manner.
- the nucleus of BMD generated by the subsequent heat treatment is a chemical species called OV composed of this residual vacancy (V) and two oxygen atoms (0).
- NV acts as a source of vacancies to OV, it is an important chemistry that governs BMD density
- Concentration distribution (C) is the same as that of Ar. Therefore, the C, NV and nitrogen concentration distributions are
- the shape is as shown in Fig. 11B.
- the local decrease in nitrogen concentration near the surface is due to out-diffusion during cooling.
- the nucleation of BMD by the subsequent heat treatment reflects the NV distribution.
- the amount of outward diffusion of the holes largely depends on the cooling rate. During quenching, the amount of out-diffusion of vacancies decreases, and NV is generated up to the surface layer of the wafer.
- the growth region stays inside the wafer and the DZ deepens.
- DZ by nitrogen atmosphere RTA can be controlled by the cooling rate.
- the reason why the BMD density near the surface layer is increased by RTA treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere is that vacancies are injected by nitridation of the wafer surface, and these vacancies contribute to the nucleation of BMDs.
- the present invention It became clear that the main cause of the V, M-shaped distribution was nitrogen diffused into the wafer from the RTA atmosphere. Therefore, it is possible to control the BMD density distribution just below the DZ by controlling the nitrogen concentration that diffuses inward into the silicon wafer.
- the nitrogen concentration distribution can be easily controlled by the RTA holding temperature, the holding time, the atmospheric nitrogen partial pressure, and the like.
- the DZ depth of the wafer surface is considered to correspond to the NV concentration near the outermost layer as described above.
- the BMD density inside the silicon wafer to which nitrogen indiffusion does not reach is determined by the concentration of vacancies frozen in the silicon wafer after RTA, and can be controlled by the RTA holding temperature and cooling rate.
- the term "in the vicinity of the surface” means, for example, that the surface force is also within about 20 m, more preferably within about 15 ⁇ m, and even more preferably within about 10 ⁇ m. Good.
- the surface serving as the depth reference may be the surface of the silicon wafer before polishing.
- the silicon wafer after the epitaxial growth of the wafer the surface of the silicon wafer before the epitaxial growth may be used. Further, the silicon wafer can also take out silicon force mainly manufactured by the so-called CZ method or the MCZ method.
- the defect-free layer can be a layer in which no defect is detected by an LST (Laser Scattering Tomography) method, an observation method using a microscope after etching, or the like. That is, it can be said that the layer is substantially defect-free.
- the part deeper than and close to the defect-free layer does not enter the defect-free layer, but is sufficiently close to the defect-free layer, especially when heavy metal impurities and the like that contaminate the device fabrication area due to processing and processing in later processes. It is within the range that can be moved to the BMD in this area. It is preferable that a high nitrogen concentration exists at a position deeper and closer to the defect-free layer.
- a silicon wafer having a diameter of 200 mm is exemplified, but it goes without saying that the present invention can be similarly applied to those having a smaller or larger diameter.
- silicon wafers with a diameter of 300 mm Use is possible.
- the predetermined silicon wafer refers to a silicon wafer having a defect-free layer as long as it is a suitable silicon wafer as a raw material for manufacturing the silicon wafer by slicing or the like from an ingot created by the CZ method or the MCZ method. Including those obtained.
- the heat treatment method is performed in an atmosphere gas containing at least a gas containing a nitrogen component having a predetermined partial pressure, and is heated at a predetermined heating rate to a predetermined holding temperature range.
- the nitrogen component can include a compound containing a nitrogen element.
- it may include nitrogen gas, ammonia (NH 3), other compounds, or mixtures thereof.
- NH 3 ammonia
- other compounds or mixtures thereof.
- the holding temperature range may be one that holds a certain temperature, or one that holds a temperature that changes periodically or randomly within this holding temperature range. Further, the heating rate or the cooling rate (including the cooling rate) may be substantially constant or may fluctuate within a certain range.
- a desired internal defect density distribution in a depth direction is determined in advance, and after matching the internal defect density distribution with the nitrogen concentration distribution, the nitrogen concentration distribution is achieved.
- the heat treatment method according to (3) wherein the nitrogen partial pressure, the temperature rising rate, the holding temperature range, the holding time, and the temperature decreasing rate are determined.
- the desired defect density distribution can be determined in accordance with the specifications in the post-process silicon wafer processing. According to the determined defect density distribution, a corresponding nitrogen concentration distribution can be determined. This correspondence can be obtained in advance by various experiments and Z or theory or calculation. The nitrogen concentration distribution is more directly determined by the nitrogen partial pressure during the heat treatment, the temperature ramp up, the holding temperature range and time, and the temperature ramp down, making it easier than controlling the defect density distribution. . (5) The heat treatment method according to the above (2) to (4), wherein the nitrogen concentration distribution is substantially M-shaped in a depth direction.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a typical example of a BMD density distribution in a wafer depth direction in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a typical example of a BMD density distribution in a wafer depth direction in an Ar atmosphere.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship with a difference in N2 Ar silicon wafer radial position.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship with a difference in N2 Ar silicon wafer radial position.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a nitrogen concentration distribution in the depth direction of the wafer when the nitrogen partial pressure measured by SIMS is changed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a thermal equilibrium concentration of nitrogen in a silicon crystal and a temperature.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a comparison between a calculated value and a measured value of nitrogen concentration in a silicon wafer depth direction by RTA.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the vacancy concentration at the center in the depth direction of the wafer obtained by numerical calculation and the BMD density by the RTA in an Ar atmosphere.
- [8] is a diagram showing the relationship between DZ depth, cooling rate, and nitrogen partial pressure.
- FIG. 9A is a view showing a vacancy defect in a wafer depth direction and an interstitial silicon atom density distribution when RTA is maintained at a high temperature in an Ar atmosphere.
- FIG. 9B is a view showing a vacancy defect in a wafer depth direction and an interstitial silicon atom density distribution after RTA in an Ar atmosphere.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a vacancy defect and a BMD density distribution in a wafer depth direction during and after RTA in an Ar atmosphere.
- FIG. 11A is a view showing a vacancy defect in a wafer depth direction, an interstitial silicon atom, and an N concentration distribution when RTA is maintained at a high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- FIG. 11B Vacancy defects, N, and NV density in wafer depth direction after RTA in nitrogen atmosphere
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a distribution.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a procedure for designing a BMD density distribution.
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between DZ depth, cooling rate and nitrogen partial pressure.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an M-shaped distribution in which the maximum value of the BMD density near the DZ is arbitrarily controlled by changing the nitrogen partial pressure, and a nitrogen concentration distribution in the depth direction of the wafer by SIMS.
- FIG.16 M-shape distribution with BMD density arbitrarily controlled inside the wafer by changing the holding time and the nitrogen concentration in the wafer depth direction by calculation. It is a figure showing a cloth.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating specifications to be set for a silicon wafer.
- FIG. 13 shows the above example in a flowchart.
- the following four items are set from the specifications required for the device (S110).
- the nitrogen partial pressure and the cooling rate are determined from the DZ depth (Xdz) using the relationship between the DZ depth, the cooling rate, and the nitrogen partial pressure shown in FIG. 14 (S120).
- FIG. 14 illustrates that when the DZ depth (Xdz) is 10 m, for example, when the nitrogen partial pressure is 0.5%, the cooling rate is determined to be 60 ° CZsec. In this case, if several nitrogen partial pressures are prepared, a plurality of combinations of the nitrogen partial pressure and the cooling rate can be obtained for a certain DZ depth.
- the BMD density due to nitrogen is very low.
- the BMD density due to nitrogen atmosphere is determined only by the nitrogen concentration. Therefore, the corresponding nitrogen concentration is determined from FIG. 3 (S130). From the nitrogen concentration and Xmax of (iii), a combination of RTA holding temperature and holding time that satisfies these can be obtained by nitrogen diffusion numerical calculation (S140). Furthermore, vacancies satisfying the BMD of (iv) The concentration (C) is determined from the relationship shown in FIG. Then, determine the RTA holding temperature and holding
- a silicon wafer having a diameter of 200 mm is used, but a silicon wafer having a diameter of 300 mm can be used in the same manner.
- the following is an example in which the four specifications required for the device described above are set as shown in Table 1, and these are concretely implemented.
- the power atmosphere gas for explaining the embodiment of the mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and Ar as the RTA atmosphere is not limited to these, but may include any gas that can diffuse nitrogen into the wafer. Just fine.
- a device for rapidly raising and lowering the temperature of a silicon substrate used in the present invention a device such as a lamp heater by heat radiation, a high-frequency heating method, or the like is generally used, but the Caro heating method is not limited thereto.
- Example 1 An example in which a mixed gas of nitrogen and Ar is used in an RTA atmosphere and an M-shape is controlled by a partial pressure of nitrogen is shown. The method will be described below.
- the specifications of the silicon wafer used were 200 mm in diameter, conductivity type p-type, resistivity 20 ⁇ -cm, crystal orientation 100>, and initial oxygen concentration of 14 ⁇ 10 17 atom / cm 3 (former ASTM).
- the nitrogen partial pressure of the atmosphere was set to 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1%.
- the RTA holding temperature is 1250 ° C
- the holding time is 30s
- the cooling rate from the holding temperature is 60 ° C / s.
- Fig. 15 (a) shows the profile of the obtained BMD density in the silicon-to-eah depth direction. From this, the nitrogen partial pressure It can be seen that the maximum value of the BMD density increases with the rise.
- Figure 15 (b) shows the results of SIMS measurement of the nitrogen concentration distribution in the depth direction of these silicon wafers. This indicates that the profile of the BMD density in the depth direction near the peak is very similar to the profile of the nitrogen concentration diffused inward from the atmosphere.
- the BMD density distribution can be changed arbitrarily, and the maximum BMD density near the DZ can be controlled.
- the proximity gettering effect is arbitrarily changed.
- FIG. 16 (a) shows the result of calculating the nitrogen concentration distribution in the depth direction of the silicon wafer at this time by calculation.
- the wafer surface nitrogen concentration used in the calculation was the thermal equilibrium concentration shown in equation (2), and the nitrogen diffusion coefficient D was equation (3).
- the gradient of the BMD density from the wafer surface toward the center is very similar to the calculated nitrogen concentration profile.
- the BMD density distribution can be changed arbitrarily by controlling the nitrogen concentration that diffuses inward from the atmosphere to the wafer by the RTA holding time, and the BMD density maximum value near the DZ and the BMD distribution that moves inward Can be controlled.
- the mechanical strength is arbitrarily changed while the proximity gettering effect is arbitrarily changed.
- FIG. 17 shows (i) DZ depth (Xdz), (ii) peak BMD density near the surface (BMD), and (iii) BMD depth from the surface (Xmax) set as described above. And (iv) internal BMD density (BMD) 4 items are illustrated. Above the graph in the figure, silicon wafer 10 is
- the thickness L of the silicon wafer 10 is expressed as L as the X coordinate of the right side surface 14 with respect to the left side surface 12 on the horizontal axis.
- the vertical axis of the graph is the BMD density.
- a desired BMD distribution can be obtained by controlling the nitrogen concentration distribution to a predetermined distribution.
- the M-shaped distribution of the BMD density after RTA in the nitrogen-containing atmosphere in the wafer depth direction can be arbitrarily controlled, the proximity gettering structure, which has different requirements for each device manufacturer, can be freely controlled. You.
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US11/578,814 US7759227B2 (en) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-22 | Silicon semiconductor substrate heat-treatment method and silicon semiconductor substrate treated by the method |
DE112005000863.0T DE112005000863B4 (de) | 2004-04-23 | 2005-04-22 | Verfahren zur Hitzebehandlung eines Siliziumhalbleitersubstrats |
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US7759227B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
TW200535965A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
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TWI261299B (en) | 2006-09-01 |
CN1943022A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
US20070252239A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
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DE112005000863B4 (de) | 2020-04-09 |
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