WO2005085318A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkondensierten polyestern in der festen phase - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkondensierten polyestern in der festen phase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005085318A1 WO2005085318A1 PCT/EP2005/002003 EP2005002003W WO2005085318A1 WO 2005085318 A1 WO2005085318 A1 WO 2005085318A1 EP 2005002003 W EP2005002003 W EP 2005002003W WO 2005085318 A1 WO2005085318 A1 WO 2005085318A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- crystallization
- gas
- stage
- carried out
- polyester
- Prior art date
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 filaments Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 41
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010103 injection stretch blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPLCXHWYPWVJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1NC(=O)OC1 ZPLCXHWYPWVJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006140 methanolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117969 neopentyl glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002215 polytrimethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/88—Post-polymerisation treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/06—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying
- B29B13/065—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying of powder or pellets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
- B29B2009/165—Crystallizing granules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/907—Direct application of fluid pressure differential to shape, reshape, i.e. distort, or sustain an article or preform and crystallizing of nonstretched or molecularly unoriented portion thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a continuous or discontinuous process for the production of highly condensed polyesters in the solid phase, comprising crystallization of a polyester material, the crystallization being carried out in the presence of a gas with a dew point (Tp) of (less than or equal to) ⁇ approximately -10 ° C. Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for the production of polyester moldings using the polyester material obtained for the production of bottles, foils, films and high-strength threads.
- Tp dew point
- polyethylene terephthalate and its copolymers with small proportions of, for example, isophthalic acid or cyclohexanedimethanol, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and their copolyesters, which serve as the starting material for fibers, films, films and packaging, are added after a melt polycondensation Granules of medium viscosity processed.
- the mean degree of polycondensation is in the range between 0.30 - 0.90 dl / g for polyethylene terephthalate and its correspondingly low modified copolyesters after the melt polycondensation.
- the average viscosity is increased in such a way that the strengths required for the corresponding area of use are achieved, the acetaldehyde content in food packaging is reduced in accordance with the requirements and the escaping oligomer content is reduced to a minimum.
- the bonded as Vinylester acetaldehyde also referred to as depot acetaldehyde, is reduced that emulated in the processing of the polyester granulate to packaging 1, in particular polyester bottles after stretch blow molding and injection stretch blow molding the polyester only a minimal acetaldehyde becomes.
- the bottle wall made of polyethylene terephthalate should contain less than 2 ppm acetaldehyde.
- polyesters are semi-crystalline thermoplastics, they have a more or less large amorphous fraction depending on the type. This fact causes difficulties when carrying out the SSP, since the amorphous components at the temperatures required for the SSP lead to sticking, which can lead to the production plant coming to a standstill.
- WO 94/17122 discloses a two-stage crystallization with preheating and intermediate cooling before the SSP to avoid sticking.
- the SSP temperature described is between 205 and 230 ° C.
- the chips can be intensively heated beforehand with hot water or directly with steam be treated at temperatures up to 200 ° C before crystallization. In this case, however, there is already a strong undesirable drop in IV due to hydrolysis in the PET at the usual temperatures of> 190 ° C. expected.
- Another method is the treatment of the chips to be crystallized with purified undried nitrogen from the SSP in countercurrent in a second crystallization stage, as set out in EP 222 714.
- the effect described there for reducing the acetaldehyde content is rather assessed as minor.
- the known methods thus have the disadvantage that the use of expensive, optionally purified, nitrogen is required, a large amount of equipment has to be used to prevent sticking, high temperatures have to be used which require a corresponding amount of energy, oxidative damage and an excessive acetaldehyde content or an excessive acetaldehyde replication occurs.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a process for the preparation of highly condensed polyesters in the solid phase of aromatic polyesters and their copolymers, which is simplified in terms of apparatus and at the same time the particularly high
- the solution to the problem is a process for the production of polyesters, comprising crystallization of a polyester material, the crystallization being carried out in the presence of a gas with a dew point of (less than or equal to) ⁇ approximately -10 ° C.
- the present process is suitable for the production of granules of partially crystalline aromatic polyester or copolyester, obtainable from one or more dicarboxylic acids or their methyl esters, such as Terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and / or 4,4-bisphenyldicarboxylic acid and one or more diols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentylglycol, bisphenol A, and / or diethylene glycol.
- dicarboxylic acids or their methyl esters such as Terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and / or 4,4-bisphenyldicarboxylic acid and one or more diols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedim
- polyester material preferably granules.
- Polyethylene terephthalate homopolymers and copolymers with a comonomer content of less than 10% by mass are preferably used.
- Methods of making polyesters generally include esterification or transesterification, a melt polycondensation step, crystallization, and optionally solid phase polycondensation. This gives a polyester material which can be used in other applications, such as the production of moldings.
- the temperature during the melt polycondensation in the final reactor can be about 265 to about 305 ° C and the residence time about 80 - about 240 min. be.
- the semi-crystalline polyester material is used in the crystallization. Any polyester material obtained from a melt polycondensation can be used.
- the polyester material used can have a degree of crystallization of up to about 8%, preferably about 5% to about 8%.
- the dew point of the gas used in the process according to the invention during crystallization is preferably in the range of approximately -10 ° C to about -80 °, especially in the range of about - 13 ° C to about - 78 ° C.
- the dew point of the gas is a measure of the water content of the gas.
- the dew points are related to a pressure of approximately 1300 mbar.
- the gas which can be used according to the invention thus has a water content of less than approximately 1300 ppm, preferably approximately 1300 ppm to approximately 0.3 ppm, in particular approximately 1100 to approximately 0.3 ppm.
- any commercially available gas can be used as the gas having a desired dew point.
- the gas is preferably humidified to the desired dew point with a partial flow of
- the moist gas used in the process can preferably be run over an existing gas drying system and thus dried.
- a partial stream of this cycle gas can be branched off via a bypass and fed back to the main stream of the dried cycle gas for dew point adjustment.
- Polyester production polycondensation such as esterification or transesterification, melt ⁇ and / or the SSP, for example, a dew point of about - 10 ° C has to be divided into two partial flows.
- the first partial stream is dried, after drying, for example, having a dew point of about -70 ° C.
- the second partial flow is combined with the first partial flow again after drying.
- a gas which can be used according to the invention and has a dew point of approximately ⁇ 35 ° C. is obtained.
- the gas is preferably air, nitrogen or a mixture thereof, in particular nitrogen.
- the method according to the invention can be controlled so that a desired increase in viscosity (IN.) Is achieved during the crystallization.
- IN. viscosity
- the dew point of the gas is therefore chosen the lower the higher the increase in the IN. should be.
- the desired increase in IN. is preferably about 0 dl / g to about 0.1 dl / g.
- the dew point of the gas is preferably about -10 ° C to about -20 ° C with a desired increase in IN. from about 0.02 dl / g to about 0.04 dl / g at about -15 ° C to about -25 ° C with a desired increase in IN. from about 0.04 dl / g to about 0.06 dl / g at about - 20 ° C to about - 40 ° C, with a desired increase in IN.
- the lowest possible IV value is set in the melt polycondensation and the increase in IV (final IV) is controlled via the Tp during the crystallization.
- a gas is then selected which has a high moisture content, such as with a dew point of approximately -10 ° C. to approximately 15 ° C.
- the acetaldehyde content AA is ⁇ 1 ppm and the degree of crystallization is> 45%. This gives a polyester material that is extremely well suited for subsequent processing into preforms.
- the crystallization is preferably carried out at temperatures of about 150 ° C. to about 230 ° C., more preferably about 160 ° C. 230 ° C, in particular about 200 ° C to about 220 ° C performed.
- the temperature can also be increased continuously during the crystallization by up to about 20 ° C., in particular about 10 ° C.
- the crystallization in the process according to the invention is preferably carried out for up to about 10 h, in particular about 2 to about 8 h.
- the crystallization can preferably also be shorter, namely about 30 to about 120 minutes, in particular about 50 to about 80 minutes. be performed.
- the crystallization is preferably carried out in at least two stages, in particular two stages, as described below.
- the 1st stage of crystallization can be carried out at a lower temperature than the 2nd stage of crystallization.
- the 1st stage of crystallization can be carried out at a temperature of about 150 ° C to about 210 ° C and the 2nd stage of crystallization at a temperature of about 180 ° C to about 230 ° C.
- the residence time in the 1st stage of the crystallization is preferably up to about 2 hours, in particular up to about 1 hour, and in the 2nd stage up to about 8 hours, in particular 7-8 hours.
- the first stage of the crystallization can be carried out using a gas stream with turbulence, in particular in a fluidized bed reactor.
- the polyester material can flow (i) under mechanical disturbance and gas in countercurrent, (ii) under mechanical disturbance and gas in cocurrent and (iii) without mechanical disturbance and gas in cocurrent.
- the 2nd stage of crystallization can preferably be carried out in a shaft crystallizer.
- any suitable one Semi-crystalline polyester material in spherical or cylindrical shape can be used.
- the semi-crystalline polyester material can be obtained by crystallizing a polyester material obtained from the melt polycondensation.
- semi-crystalline polyester ester material obtainable after the melt polycondensation, preferably granules, in the 1st stage to increase the degree of crystallization to about 42 to about 50% by swirling with a gas stream at suitable temperatures and Dwell times are treated.
- Preferred temperatures are in the range from about 195 to about 210 ° C. and preferred residence times are up to about 60 minutes, preferably about 20 to about 55 minutes.
- the gas used for the swirling is preferably air and / or nitrogen.
- the dew point of the gas can vary between -75 to -10 ° C.
- the semi-crystalline polyester material can be produced by means of a fluidized bed reactor.
- the first stage of the crystallization is particularly preferably carried out in two zones, the crystallization being carried out in the first zone 1 in a fluidized bed with mixed characteristics and in the second zone 2 in a fluidized bed with controlled granulate flow.
- FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a fluidized bed reactor 20 with which the crystallinity of a polyester granulate is increased to the desired level, in particular to 40 to 48%.
- the granules are fed via a conveying element 10 into a fluidized bed crystallizer 20 with two zones 30, 50 equipped with rectangular fluidization surfaces, in which the granules are exposed to rising temperatures of 170-210 ° C, in particular 190-210 ° C, and gas with a dew point from - 10 ° C to - 78 ° C, in particular - 10 ° C to -50 ° C, is crystallized.
- the gas / chip ratio can be 2-4 in the first zone and 2-3 in the second zone, with a residence time of up to 60 min, preferably 20-35 min.
- the gas can be routed in such a way that the gas is distributed over a perforated plate, into the first zone 30 via a gas inlet opening 40 with a gas velocity of 3.2-4 m / sec and into the second zone 50 via a gas inlet opening 40 'with a Gas speed from 2.1 - 3.5 m / sec. arrives (empty space velocity) and leaves the crystallizer 20 again via a common gas outlet 60 in the upper region.
- This type of gas flow leads to a fluidized bed with mixing characteristics in the first zone 30 and to a fluidization with controlled granulate flow in the second zone 50.
- the proportion of dust at the exit of the crystallizer is ⁇ 20 ppm.
- the granules obtained after the 1st stage of crystallization preferably have a degree of crystallization in the chip of approximately 42-50%.
- the partially crystalline polyester material, preferably granules, obtained after the 1st stage flows in a 2nd stage at temperatures suitable for crystallization (i) with little mechanical disturbance and gas in countercurrent, (ii) with mechanical disturbance and gas in cocurrent, and (iii) without mechanical interference and gas in cocurrent.
- Stages (i) to (iii) of the 2nd stage of crystallization are particularly preferably carried out continuously, i.e. the polyester material passes through stages (i) to (iii) in a continuous stream.
- the gas used in the second stage (i) to (iii) is preferably air or nitrogen, in particular nitrogen.
- the temperature suitable for crystallization in the second stage (i) to (iii) is preferably about 190 to about 220 ° C., more preferably 195 to 215 ° C., and in particular 208 to 213 ° C.
- the residence time of the polyester material in stage 2 (i) is preferably about 30 to about 60 minutes, in stage 2 (ii) about 30 to about 60 minutes, and in stage 2 (iii) about 180 to about 300 min.
- the second stage of crystallization is particularly preferably carried out in three zones of a shaft crystallizer, namely zones 3, 4 and 5, in which steps (i) to (iii) of the second stage are carried out. In zone 3 the granulate is subjected to periodic mechanical disturbances with gas in countercurrent, in zone 4 with periodic mechanical disturbances with gas in cocurrent and in zone 5 no mechanical disturbance and gas in cocurrent.
- FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment for a shaft crystallizer 70 that can be used according to the invention, in which the second stage of the crystallization can be carried out.
- the granules are introduced into a continuously operating, vertical three-part shaft crystallizer 70 with a centered, rotatable shaft 170 installed in the longitudinal axis.
- the first and second sections 80, 90 of the shaft crystallizer zone 3 and 4, arms 180, 180 'with low flow resistance are attached to the shaft at certain intervals, by means of which periodic mechanical disturbance of the bulk material is achieved. Due to the movement of the granulate, agglomerate formation (gluing) of the material is prevented.
- the granulate in zone 5 is treated without interference.
- the granules are periodically mechanically disturbed in the 3rd and 4th zones, while in the 5th undisturbed zone the dwell time is evened out when post-polycondensation begins.
- the gas is routed in such a way that the gas is fed between the 3rd and 4th zones (first and second section of the shaft crystallizer) via a gas inlet opening 140 and the crystallizer in the upper or leaves first section 80 via a gas outlet opening 150 and proportionally also lower or third section 100 via a gas outlet opening 160.
- the gas is conducted in the 3rd zone (first section of the shaft crystallizer) in counterflow to the granulate and in the 4th and 5th zone in cocurrent (second and third sections of the shaft crystallizer).
- the gas outlet openings (150, 160) are preferably arranged in such a way that the gas introduced through the gas inlet opening (140) is conducted with the granules in countercurrent or in cocurrent for as long as possible, i.e. at the beginning of the first section (80) and at the end of the third section (100) of the shaft crystallizer (70).
- the PET granulate is subjected to periodic mechanical disturbance, preferably by means of hot gas, in particular nitrogen, in countercurrent to the granulate with a gas / chip ratio of 1-3 and a residence time of 30- 60 min. heated to 190-220 ° C.
- the PET is further crystallized with the gas, in particular nitrogen, in direct current at a gas-chip ratio of 0.5-1, with periodic mechanical disturbance, preferably at 190-220 ° C. and evened out.
- the dwell time is 30-60 min.
- the PET granules treated in this way in the 3rd and 4th zones are preferably in the undisturbed 5th zone (section 100 of the shaft crystallizer 70) at a temperature of 190-215 ° C. in cocurrent with a gas / chip ratio of 0.1 -3 treated in such a way that with an average residence time of 60-180 min.,
- a post-polycondensation between 0-0.10 dl / g IV - targeted increase takes place.
- the granules are periodically mechanically disturbed in the 3rd and 4th zones, while in the 5th undisturbed zone the dwell time is evened out when post-polycondensation begins.
- the gas is routed in such a way that the gas is fed between the 3rd and 4th zones (first and second section of the shaft crystallizer) via a gas inlet opening and the crystallizer in the upper and first section via a gas outlet opening and partly also lower or leaves the third section via a gas outlet opening.
- the gas is conducted in the 3rd zone (first section of the shaft crystallizer) in counterflow to the granulate and in the 4th and 5th zone in cocurrent (second and third sections of the shaft crystallizer).
- the gas outlet openings are preferably arranged in such a way that the gas introduced through the gas inlet opening is conducted with the granules in countercurrent or in cocurrent for as long as possible, i.e. at the beginning of the first section and at the end of the third section of the shaft crystallizer.
- the total residence time of the polyester material in the 1st and 2nd stage of the crystallization is preferably between 290-480 min., In particular 350-450 min.
- the residence time ratio, in the 1st Stage compared to the dwell time in stage 2 1: 4 to 1; 21 is.
- the residence time ratio in the 1st and 2nd stages of crystallization, if these stages comprise zones 1 to 5 is a residence time in zones 3 and 4 which is 1 to 6 times as long as in the zones 1 and 2 and one
- the polyester material used in the process according to the invention preferably has an IN. from about 0.3 dl / g to about 0.9 dl / g, preferably about 0.3 dl / g to 0.8 dl / g, particularly preferably about 0.66 dl / g to 0.9 dl / g, in particular about 0.72 to 0.8 dl / g.
- the material obtained in this way has a desired low content of acetaldehyde, namely ⁇ 10 ppm, in particular ⁇ 1 ppm, and is therefore suitable for further processing without subsequent SSP to give polyester moldings in which a low acetaldehyde content is required, such as bottles.
- the IN. of the polyester material can be controlled by means of moisture in the gas and thus a granulate can be produced in a targeted manner which corresponds to the corresponding bottle applications, a granulate with a high IN. can be used.
- polyester material with an IN. from at least about 0.3 dl / g to about 0.72 dl / g an SSP is preferably performed thereafter.
- semi-crystalline polyester can tend to increase agglomerate formation during crystallization in the crystallizer and in the following solid-phase polycondensation reactor due to high exothermic heat development, and these bonds can be so strong that they can no longer separate from one another when using conventional crystallization and solid-phase polycondensation processes preferred to use spherical polyester material in the process according to the invention.
- other forms of granules can also be used, such as cylindrical or flaky granules. Cylindrical granules are not preferred, however, because they stick together more easily due to the surfaces and edges, and the abrasion is greater. Due to the asymmetry of the cylindrical chips, uniform crystallization from the shell to the core of the chip is difficult.
- the use of approximately spherical chips has the advantages of a more uniform crystallization, a more uniform molecular weight distribution in the chip and a 5 - 10% higher bulk density compared to the equilibrium cylindrical chip. Another significant advantage is the lower dust content when using spherical chips.
- the granulate used particularly preferably has a surface area of 1.45-2.0 m 2 / kg, preferably 1.6 to 1.8 m 2 / kg.
- the granules obtained by the process according to the invention preferably have a uniform degree of crystallization of about 53 to about 55%, preferably 54%.
- the granules obtained according to the invention preferably have an acetaldehyde content of ⁇ 10 ppm, particularly preferably 0.5-5 ppm and in particular ⁇ 1 ppm.
- the dust content of the granules is ⁇ 20 ppm, preferably ⁇ 10 ppm after the crystallization according to the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the production of polyester moldings, polyester material, in particular granules, obtainable by the process according to the invention with an IN. - Increase between 0-0.10 dl / g without solid phase polycondensation is used.
- Polyester material can thus be used in the process according to the invention without carrying out a solid-phase polycondensation to produce the polyester moldings, which is advantageous because of the lower costs and less apperative and energy expenditure.
- polyester material especially in the form of granules or chips, which was produced by the method according to the invention and with an IN. from the melt polycondensation of> 0.66 dl / g, directly without further condensation in a solid-phase polycondensation reactor for processing in the stretch blow molding or injection stretch blow molding process for the production of the polyester moldings.
- the particular advantage lies in the significantly better melting properties when processing the granulate into preforms.
- the necessary melting energy is below ⁇ 56 kJ / kg, preferably 50 - 52 kJ / kg.
- the melting point measured according to DSC without prior melting (DSCO), is around 242 - 244 ° C in a very favorable range for processing into preforms and bottles.
- the polyester moldings are preferably selected from the group consisting of bottles, foils, films, filaments, fibers and technical high-strength threads.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IN.) was measured at 25 ° C. on a solution of 500 mg polyester in 100 ml of a mixture of phenol and 1 2-dichlorobenzene (3: 2 parts by weight).
- the COOH end group concentration was determined by means of photometric titration with 0.05 ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution against bromothymol blue a solution of a polyester in a mixture of o-cresol and chloroform (70:30 parts by weight).
- diethylene glycol (DEG), isophthalic acid (IPA) and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) in polyester is carried out by gas chromatography after prior methanolysis of 1 g polyester in 30 ml methanol with the addition of 50 mg / l zinc acetate in a bomb tube at 200 ° C.
- DEG diethylene glycol
- IPA isophthalic acid
- CHDM 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol
- ⁇ TU nephelometric turbidity units
- the color values L and b were measured according to HUNTER.
- the polyester chips were first crystallized in a drying cabinet at 135 ⁇ 5 ° C for one hour. The color values were then determined by measuring the hue of the polyester sample with three photocells, each with a red, green and blue filter, in a three-range colorimeter (X, Y and Z values): The evaluation was carried out according to the HUNTER formula, where
- acetaldehyde content was determined by expelling the acetaldehyde by heating in a closed vessel made of polyester and the acetaldehyde in the gas space of the vessel by gas chromatography using the H540 head space injection system, Perkin Elmer; Carrier gas:
- the dust analysis is carried out gravimetrically. For this purpose, 1 kg of chips are washed with methanol, the detergent is filtered off through a filter and the residue is dried and weighed.
- the product is weighed and heated from an initial temperature of 35 ° C with a heating rate of 10 K / min to 300 ° C and then the melting point and the melting energy required for the melting process are determined (DSCO - corresponds to the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) method , but without melting the sample beforehand).
- the oligomer determination in PET is carried out by solution in a mixture of 1, 1, 1, 3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) / chloroform.
- HFIP 1, 1, 1, 3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol
- the high molecular weight PET is precipitated using methanol, filtered off and the solution dried under vacuum.
- the oligomer residue is then again dissolved in a standard solution consisting of toluene in HFIP / chloroform and the oligomer content is determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- KTG degree of crystallization
- the density of 30 chips in a density gradient is determined three times with a tetrachloroethane / heptane mixture at 23 ° C. and calculated according to
- the enthalpy of fusion (Heat of Fusion; HOF) is determined separately from the DSCO analysis in such a way that the PET sample heats up to 200 ° C in 50 K steps, 5 min. held and then at 10 K / min. is heated up to 300 ° C and the energy used is to be determined in kJ / kg.
- amorphous spherical chips with a weight of 15.5 mg / chips and with a surface area of 1.55 m 2 / kg, a bulk density of 840 kg / m 3 and an IN. of 0.612dl / g, crystallized from the melt polycondensation process for the production of slightly modified PET for bottles for filling with sweet drinks and solid-phase polycondensed.
- Catalyst content Sb 200 ppm, IPA: 2% by mass, DEG: 1, 4% by mass
- Example 1 The results of Example 1 are shown in Table 1 and the results from Examples 2-4 in Tables 2-4 and in Appendix 1.
- Examples 2-4 were amorphous spherical chips with a weight of 14 mg / chip and with a surface area of 1.61 n ⁇ 2 / kg, a bulk density of 880 kg / m 3 and an IN. from 0.74 - 0.76 dl / g, from the melt polycondensation process used by the process according to the invention.
- Example 2 these chips were crystallized at a dew point of -75 ° C, -30 ° C and -15 ° C in the carrier gas nitrogen, a residence time of 7.6 hours at temperatures between 205 and 213 ° C.
- amorphous spherical chips were crystallized by the process according to the invention at a dew point of -39 ° C., -30 ° C., -17 ° C. in the carrier gas nitrogen, a residence time of 7.6 hours at temperatures between 205 and 213 ° , ""
- Catalyst content Sb 220 ppm, IPA: 2% by mass, DEG: 1, 4% by mass
- amorphous spherical chips were crystallized by the process according to the invention with a dew point of -39 in the carrier gas nitrogen, a reduced residence time of 6.7 hours at temperatures between 205 and 213 °.
- Fig. 3 shows a response curve of the IN. - Development depending on the set dew points of the gas with a constant antimony concentration in the PET and with a residence time in the crystallization of 445 min.
- the granules were prepared at 180 ° C for 4 hours in a Challenger dryer for preform production.
- Preforms were processed on a Husky XL300P / 48-cavity production machine at 28 g preforms at 295 ° C
- Bottle production was carried out on a Sidel laboratory machine with a Tool with Coca Cola design manufactured under standard conditions.
- the preform and bottle production went smoothly.
- the transparency of the bottles was good and color neutral.
- the acetaldehyde content according to the usual headspace method was between 1.0-2.5, mean value 1.9 ⁇ g / l in the bottles according to the method according to the invention in comparison to the bottles after 2.5-3.1 ⁇ g / l after the conventional solid-phase polycondensation.
- the mechanical properties of the bottles did not differ.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (7)
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BRPI0508044-4A BRPI0508044A (pt) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-02-25 | método para a produção de poliésteres altamente condensados no estado sólido e método para a produção de um corpo formado de poliéster |
EA200601623A EA011825B1 (ru) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-02-25 | Способ производства высококонденсированных сложных полиэфиров в твёрдом состоянии и изделий из указанных полиэфиров |
EP05715544A EP1727848B1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-02-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkondensierten polyestern in der festen phase |
DE200550007986 DE502005007986D1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-02-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkondensierten polyestern in der festen phase |
AT05715544T ATE440883T1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-02-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkondensierten polyestern in der festen phase |
US10/591,567 US7977448B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-02-25 | Method for producing highly condensed solid-phase polyesters |
AU2005219529A AU2005219529B2 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-02-25 | Method for producing highly condensed solid-phase polyesters |
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DE102004010680.0 | 2004-03-04 | ||
DE200410010680 DE102004010680A1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochkondensierten Polyestern in der festen Phase |
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US (1) | US7977448B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1727848B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100460443C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE440883T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2005219529B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0508044A (de) |
DE (2) | DE102004010680A1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA011825B1 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI300076B (de) |
UA (1) | UA87490C2 (de) |
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US7262263B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2007-08-28 | Brigitta Otto | Method and apparatus for producing solid-state polycondensed polyesters |
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CN100509910C (zh) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-07-08 | 中国石化仪征化纤股份有限公司 | 卧式聚酯固相缩聚反应装置 |
EP1742981B1 (de) * | 2004-03-28 | 2010-10-06 | Lurgi Zimmer GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkondensiertem polyestergranulat |
US8063176B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2011-11-22 | Lurgi Zimmer Gmbh | Method and device for the crystallization of polyester material |
WO2016166048A1 (de) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | Uhde Inventa-Fischer Gmbh | Verfahren zur kristallisation und abtrennung niedermolekularer komponenten aus einem granulat eines kristallisationsfähigen thermoplastischen materials sowie vorrichtung hierzu |
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DE102004010680A1 (de) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-10-06 | Zimmer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochkondensierten Polyestern in der festen Phase |
DE102006023354B4 (de) * | 2006-05-17 | 2015-12-03 | Lurgi Zimmer Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wiederverwertung von Polyestermaterial |
CN102516514B (zh) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-12-04 | 新疆蓝山屯河聚酯有限公司 | 聚酯固相聚合的开机方法 |
CN104501531B (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江汇隆新材料股份有限公司 | 一种全流化均时输送的预结晶器 |
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- 2004-03-04 DE DE200410010680 patent/DE102004010680A1/de not_active Ceased
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2005
- 2005-02-21 TW TW94105086A patent/TWI300076B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-25 WO PCT/EP2005/002003 patent/WO2005085318A1/de active Application Filing
- 2005-02-25 BR BRPI0508044-4A patent/BRPI0508044A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-25 US US10/591,567 patent/US7977448B2/en active Active
- 2005-02-25 EP EP05715544A patent/EP1727848B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2005-02-25 UA UAA200610526A patent/UA87490C2/ru unknown
- 2005-02-25 CN CNB2005800069487A patent/CN100460443C/zh active Active
- 2005-02-25 AU AU2005219529A patent/AU2005219529B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-02-25 DE DE200550007986 patent/DE502005007986D1/de active Active
- 2005-02-25 AT AT05715544T patent/ATE440883T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-25 EA EA200601623A patent/EA011825B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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US7262263B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2007-08-28 | Brigitta Otto | Method and apparatus for producing solid-state polycondensed polyesters |
EP1742981B1 (de) * | 2004-03-28 | 2010-10-06 | Lurgi Zimmer GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochkondensiertem polyestergranulat |
US7521522B2 (en) | 2005-08-26 | 2009-04-21 | Lurgi Zimmer Gmbh | Method and device to reduce the acetaldehyde content of polyester granulate |
US8063176B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2011-11-22 | Lurgi Zimmer Gmbh | Method and device for the crystallization of polyester material |
CN100509910C (zh) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-07-08 | 中国石化仪征化纤股份有限公司 | 卧式聚酯固相缩聚反应装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
UA87490C2 (en) | 2009-07-27 |
TWI300076B (en) | 2008-08-21 |
CN1930207A (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
DE102004010680A1 (de) | 2005-10-06 |
EA011825B1 (ru) | 2009-06-30 |
ATE440883T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
BRPI0508044A (pt) | 2007-07-17 |
TW200538488A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
AU2005219529A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1727848B1 (de) | 2009-08-26 |
US7977448B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
DE502005007986D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
EA200601623A1 (ru) | 2007-04-27 |
AU2005219529B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
CN100460443C (zh) | 2009-02-11 |
US20070179269A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
EP1727848A1 (de) | 2006-12-06 |
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