WO2005083144A1 - 炭素系薄膜およびその製造方法、ならびにこの薄膜を用いた部材 - Google Patents
炭素系薄膜およびその製造方法、ならびにこの薄膜を用いた部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005083144A1 WO2005083144A1 PCT/JP2005/003203 JP2005003203W WO2005083144A1 WO 2005083144 A1 WO2005083144 A1 WO 2005083144A1 JP 2005003203 W JP2005003203 W JP 2005003203W WO 2005083144 A1 WO2005083144 A1 WO 2005083144A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
- B82B1/008—Nanostructures not provided for in groups B82B1/001 - B82B1/007
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
- C23C14/582—Thermal treatment using electron bombardment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24132—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in different layers or components parallel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon-based thin film, a method for producing the same, and a member using the thin film.
- the present invention relates to a carbon-based thin film and a method for producing the same, and further relates to a member using the carbon-based thin film.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-106516 discloses a layered amorphous carbon containing hydrocarbon carbon crystallites as a material having a large hydrogen storage capacity per volume.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-28483 discloses a reaction product of amorphous carbon and an alkali metal as a material that can easily absorb hydrogen at a temperature around room temperature.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-261318 discloses that a low hardness hard carbon film containing a graphite cluster having an average diameter of 2 nm or more and a high hardness hard carbon film containing a graphite cluster having an average diameter of 1 nm or less are alternately laminated.
- the disclosed multilayer film is disclosed. This multilayer film is a coating film for various members with improved wear resistance and sliding characteristics.
- amorphous carbon has various properties that are significantly different from those of a crystalline carbon material.
- Graphite is conductive or semi-insulating, whereas amorphous carbon is insulating. Therefore, if a technology for manufacturing a composite material of carbon having different characteristics in a form that can be easily applied to a device is established, there is a possibility that a new composite material can be provided.
- JP-A-2001-261318 when a film obtained by alternately laminating different carbon-based thin films is used as a wear-resistant coating film, the wear resistance is improved.
- the problem of separation between the stacked layers has not been fundamentally solved.
- regions having different characteristics for example, electrical characteristics
- the present invention provides a plurality of columnar first phases containing amorphous carbon and extending in the film thickness direction, and a second phase including a graphite structure and interposed between the first phases. And a) providing a carbon-based thin film in which at least one of the following a) -e) is selected.
- the second phase contains more graphite structures per unit volume than the first phase.
- the density of the second phase is greater than the density of the first phase
- the elastic modulus of the second phase is equal to or greater than the elastic modulus of the first phase.
- the basal plane of the graphite structure is oriented along the film thickness direction.
- an amorphous carbon-based thin film including a plurality of columnar first phases extending in a film thickness direction and a second phase interposed between the first phases.
- a method for producing a carbon-based thin film comprising: a forming step; and a step of forming a graphite structure in at least the second phase by supplying energy to the amorphous carbon-based thin film.
- the first phase containing amorphous carbon extends in the thickness direction of the thin film, and the second phase containing the graphite structure is interposed between the first phases. Since amorphous carbon and graphite are very different in electrical, optical, mechanical and other properties, this thin film has a characteristic feature in which a phase with different properties extends along the thickness direction of the thin film. Having a structure. This structure is useful for various devices that need to arrange portions with different characteristics along the in-plane direction of the thin film, for example, electronic devices and optical devices. It is easy to apply to devices. As described later, by combining phases having different mechanical properties, a film that is not hard but has excellent wear resistance can be realized. Further, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, the carbon-based thin film can be manufactured rationally and efficiently without applying special conditions such as high temperature and high vacuum.
- FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a carbon-based thin film of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which the film surfaces of a carbon-based thin film (a) before electron beam irradiation and a carbon-based thin film (b) after irradiation are observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- FIG. 3 is a spectrum showing measurement results by low energy electron energy loss spectroscopy before and after electron beam irradiation.
- FIG. 4 is a spectrum showing measurement results of a carbon-based thin film by Raman spectroscopy before (a), 2 minutes after irradiation, and 5 hours and 30 minutes after irradiation (b) before electron beam irradiation.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a surface roughness profile and a current profile in an example of the carbon-based thin film of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a spectrum showing measurement results of a carbon-based thin film by Raman spectroscopy before and after electron beam irradiation.
- FIG. 7 Scanning wear profile (depth of wear) of carbon-based thin film after electron beam irradiation (a), carbon-based thin film before irradiation (b), and ordinary amorphous carbon film (a-C film) (c)
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a profile (a profile indicating the height) together with a state observed by TEM.
- FIG. 8A is a graph showing the results of a nanoindentation test of a carbon-based thin film after electron beam irradiation.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the results of a nanoindentation test of a carbon-based thin film before electron beam irradiation.
- FIG. 8C is a graph showing the results of a nanoindentation test of a carbon-based thin film of a normal amorphous carbon film (a-C film).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing unevenness (a) of a carbon-based thin film after electron beam irradiation and a cos image (b) detected at a portion corresponding thereto.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing unevenness (a) of a carbon-based thin film before electron beam irradiation and a cos image (b) detected at a portion corresponding thereto.
- FIG. 11 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing another example of the carbon-based thin film of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a thin film having a first region and a second region as another example of the carbon-based thin film of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 As still another example of the carbon-based thin film of the present invention, it has a first region and a second region.
- FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a thin film.
- FIG. 14 is a partially cutaway perspective view for illustrating an electron beam irradiation method in the manufacturing method of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing spectral transmittance curves in the visible region and near infrared region in an electron beam irradiation region (first region) and an electron beam non-irradiation region (second region).
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing one example of a member including the carbon-based thin film of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a partial perspective view showing another example of the member including the carbon-based thin film of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the carbon-based thin film of the present invention.
- the plurality of columnar first phases 1 extend in the thickness direction of the film, and the second phases 2 are interposed between the first phases 1.
- the thin film 10 has a so-called column-to-ram structure, and is composed of a column structure containing amorphous carbon (first phase) and a column structure containing graphite structure (second phase)! Puru.
- the first phase 1 and the second phase 2 are both composed of different carbon-based materials and have different phases, and have different properties. These two phases may microscopically include the same structure, for example, the first phase 1 may include a graphite structure. However, the second phase 2 usually contains many graphite structures with higher structural order than the first phase 1. The first phase 1 and the second phase 2 are different in various properties, but the difference in the content of the graphite structure has little influence on this difference.
- the first phase 1 and the second phase 2, which may contain amorphous carbon in the second phase 2 are classified as amorphous as a whole as long as they can be distinguished as different phases having different properties. It may be a phase to be done.
- the density force of the second phase 2 is often higher than the density of the first phase 1.
- the difference in density between the two phases is not particularly limited.
- the density of the second phase 2 can be increased to about 20% based on the density of the first phase 1.
- the elastic modulus of the second phase 2 is preferably equal to or greater than the elastic modulus of the first phase 1, and more preferably exceeds the elastic modulus of the first phase 1.
- the electrical resistivity of the second phase 2 can be made lower than the electrical resistivity of the first phase 1 by utilizing the conductivity of graphite. For example, it is possible to make the second phase 2 semi-insulating or conductive while keeping the first phase 1 insulating.
- the first phase 1 On the surface of the thin film 10, a plurality of first phases 1 are exposed in an island shape, and a second phase 2 is meshed between the first phases 1. Intervening in a shape.
- the first phase 1 may be fine to an average diameter of 300 nm or less, and even 100 nm or less, for example, lnm to 50 nm to some extent!
- the second phase 2 may be a continuous single phase as shown in FIG. 1, or may be a phase divided into two or more.
- the area ratio of the second phase 2 in the in-plane direction of the thin film 10 specifically, the ratio of the area of the second phase 2 to the total area of the first phase 1 and the second phase 2 is not particularly limited, For example, it should be 1% or more and 50% or less, and more preferably 5% or more and 30% or less.
- the first phases 1 are densely arranged in the in-plane direction of the film until the average of a pair of adjacent intervals w selected from the first phases 1 is 50 nm or less. You can do it.
- the interval between the first phases 1, that is, the width of the second phase 2 is restricted, the basal plane ((001) plane) of the graphite structure is easily arranged in the thickness direction, not in the in-plane direction of the thin film. (Ie, the ⁇ 001> axis is in the plane of the film).
- the thickness of the film is T
- the average value of a pair of adjacent w selected from the first phase 1 in the in-plane direction of the film is W, where TZW> 10.
- the average diameter of the first phase, the area ratio of the second phase, and the distance between adjacent first phases in the in-plane direction of the carbon-based thin film are determined by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) as described later. Can be measured.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the basal plane of the graphite structure in the second phase, is preferably oriented along the thickness direction.
- This arrangement configuration is advantageous for improving the mechanical properties of the thin film and increasing the scratch resistance / abrasion resistance.
- This carbon-based thin film is formed, for example, by forming an amorphous carbon-based thin film such that a second phase is interspersed in a network between a plurality of first phases, and irradiating the thin film with an electron beam having an appropriate energy. Can be obtained.
- the above-mentioned orientation of the graphite structure is oriented in the film thickness direction, leading to a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the second phase. The contribution is also large.
- the present invention it is also possible to provide a thin film 10 that satisfies at least one, preferably a plurality, and more preferably all of the above conditions a) to e).
- the relatively low-density column structure (the first phase before energy supply) has a relatively low-density column structure (energy The second phase before supply) is interposed.
- the column structure contains more graphite structures per unit volume than the inter-column structure, and the elasticity of the column structure is higher than the elasticity of the inter-column structure. .
- carbon-based thin film means that its component is mainly composed of carbon, and more specifically, that carbon (C) accounts for 50 atomic% or more. As described above, in this specification, a component that accounts for 50 atomic% or more of the “system” is indicated.
- the thin film 10 may further contain atoms other than carbon, for example, at least one selected from hydrogen, nitrogen, boron, and silicon.
- atoms other than carbon for example, at least one selected from hydrogen, nitrogen, boron, and silicon.
- the insulating properties of the column structure (the first phase) are improved, and the optical band gap is also increased.
- the difference in electrical and optical properties from the inter-column structure (phase 2) including the graphite structure can be expanded.
- the content of other atoms, such as hydrogen, in the thin film 10 is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 atomic% or more and less than 50 atomic%.
- amorphous carbon refers to carbon that does not have a periodic long-range order such as a crystal, and includes amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, glassy carbon, and the like. Including (these terms are used distinctly, but not necessarily).
- the first phase 1 and the second phase 2 may both be composed of amorphous carbon.
- the second phase 2 may be composed of crystalline carbon.
- the thickness of the thin film 10 is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, in the range of lnm—5 ⁇ m, particularly lOnm—1 ⁇ m. If the thickness is too large, defects such as pores are likely to occur in the second phase of the thin film 10 in a film forming step (amorphous film forming step) described later. As the film thickness increases, both the average diameter of the first phase (column diameter) and the interval between the first phases (distance between columns) tend to increase.
- the carbon-based thin film of the present invention may include another region in addition to the region having the first phase 1 and the second phase 2.
- the carbon-based thin film 20 shown in FIG. A plurality of columnar third phases 3 containing amorphous carbon and extending in the film thickness direction, and a fourth phase 4 containing amorphous carbon and interposed between the third phases 3 And a second region 12 having the following.
- Phase 3 and phase 4 are both composed of amorphous carbon.
- the carbon-based thin film 20 can be obtained by selectively supplying energy to an amorphous carbon-based thin film having a column-to-ram structure.
- the portion to which energy is selectively supplied becomes the first region 11, and the second region 12 has a column structure with the film formed as the third phase 3 and a structure between the columns with the film formed as the third phase 3.
- the first region 11 and the second region 12 may have different characteristics from each other.
- the carbon-based thin film 20 has the following structure. f) At least one, preferably a plurality, more preferably all selected from one i) may be satisfied.
- the second phase contains more graphite structures per unit volume than the fourth phase.
- the density of the second phase is greater than the density of the fourth phase
- the electrical resistivity of the second phase is lower than the electrical resistivity of the fourth phase.
- the modulus of the second phase is greater than the modulus of the fourth phase
- the light transmittance of the first region 11 in the visible region and the light transmittance in the wavelength region up to the infrared region is lower than the light transmittance of the second region 12 in the same wavelength region. Both regions 11 and 12 can be formed.
- the difference in light transmittance in a minute area can be applied to an optical device.
- the light transmittance of the first region 11 in the wavelength region of 600 nm to 1100 nm is lower than the light transmittance of the second region 12 in the same wavelength region. It is preferable that the light transmittance in the region 11 is lower than the light transmittance in the second region 12.
- the arrangement of the first region 11 and the second region 12 is not limited, but in these regions 11 and 12, at least one, and preferably both, of the following j) -k) forces are also selected. Establishment It is preferable to do.
- One of the selected regions is a columnar region surrounded by the other region, and the average diameter of the columnar region in the in-plane direction is 100 nm or more, preferably 200 nm or more.
- the first region and the second region have an average diameter of at least twice, preferably at least 10 times, the average diameter in the second in-plane direction orthogonal to the first in-plane direction in the first in-plane direction. It has an average diameter and is alternately arranged in the second in-plane direction.
- the first region 11 and the second region 12 are both arranged in a belt shape. These band-shaped areas 11 and 12 have an average diameter of the magnification in the first in-plane direction 51 which is at least as large as that described in k) above than the average diameter along the second in-plane direction 52 orthogonal to this direction 51. And are alternately arranged in the second in-plane direction 52! RU
- the first region 11 is a columnar region surrounded by the second region 12.
- it is selected from the first region 11 and the second region 12! /, Or any one of the regions may be a columnar region surrounded by the other region! /.
- the average diameter of the columnar region 11 is set so as to satisfy the above condition j).
- the shape of the columnar region 11 is not limited to a column or a square column as illustrated.
- reference numeral 30 denotes a substrate not shown in FIGS. 1 and 11.
- an amorphous carbon-based thin film including two phases is formed (hereinafter, may be referred to as “amorphous film forming step”).
- amorphous film forming step By supplying appropriate energy to the carbon-based thin film (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “energy supply step”), a carbon-based thin film 10 was obtained.
- energy supply step By supplying appropriate energy to the carbon-based thin film (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “energy supply step”), a carbon-based thin film 10 was obtained.
- energy supply step By supplying appropriate energy to the carbon-based thin film (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “energy supply step”), a carbon-based thin film 10 was obtained.
- two phases are formed in advance in the amorphous film forming step, so that even if energy is supplied to the entire thin film in the energy supplying step, the state change caused by the supply of energy differs depending on the phase. Use it can. Since energy may be supplied to the entire thin film, the energy supply step can be easily performed.
- the amorphous carbon-based thin film includes a plurality of first phases extending in a columnar direction in the film thickness direction and a second phase interposed between the plurality of first phases. Should be formed.
- a vapor phase synthesis method in which a film forming raw material is supplied from a gas phase is suitable. Columns It is known that inter-column yarns are developed by heterogeneous solid phase formation in the gas phase synthesis method. When the formation of the solid phase starts at a specific site on the surface of the substrate, the solid phase is preferentially formed at this site, so that the column structure is easily developed.
- the mobility of the atoms of the film forming raw material adhering to the surface may be reduced. This is because if the mobility is high, atoms move easily, and uniform solid phase formation is promoted.
- Conditions for suppressing the mobility of atoms may be appropriately selected according to the film formation method.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- a low substrate temperature and a high! Atmospheric pressure is a preferred condition.
- Lower substrate temperatures take away the thermal energy of the atoms, and higher ambient pressures reduce the kinetic energy of the directional atoms toward the substrate.
- the substrate temperature is preferably 773K (500 ° C) or lower. When the substrate temperature exceeds 773K, the column structure develops and becomes ⁇ , and an amorphous film also becomes ⁇ .
- the substrate temperature may be 473K (200 ° C) or lower, or even room temperature or lower, for example, 0-10 ° C (273-283K). There is no particular lower limit for the substrate temperature. For example, it can be cooled down to the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77K)! /.
- the atmospheric pressure is preferably 1.33 Pa (10 mTorr) or more, and more preferably 2. OOPa (15 mTorr) or more. If the atmospheric pressure is lower than 1.33 Pa, uneven solid phase formation is unlikely to occur. In addition, if the atmospheric pressure is too low, the interval between the column structures may become too narrow to form a graphite structure. On the other hand, if the pressure of the atmosphere is too high, the film formation itself will be hindered. Therefore, the pressure of the atmosphere is preferably set to 6.67 Pa (50 mTorr) or less.
- amorphous film forming step physical vapor deposition that satisfies at least one, preferably both, of the condition A in which the substrate temperature is 773 K or lower and the condition B in which the atmospheric pressure is 1.33 Pa or higher is selected. It is preferable to carry out by a method.
- a physical vapor deposition method that can easily suppress the mobility of atoms is an amorphous material having a column-to-ram structure. Suitable for forming carbon-based thin films.
- the physical vapor deposition method corresponds to an ion plating method, an ion beam vapor deposition method and the like in addition to the sputtering method.
- the reactive sputtering method also involves a chemical reaction, but is a kind of PVD method.
- the term “sputtering method” refers to a film forming method including various sputtering methods including the reactive sputtering method! Use terms such as
- the sputtering method is the most suitable film forming method for performing the amorphous film forming step in the present invention. According to the sputtering method, it is easy to obtain a developed column structure, and it is easy to control the shape of the column structure. As shown in the structure zone model by Thornton, in the sputtering method or the like, it is possible to control the fine structure of the film by the substrate temperature and the atmospheric pressure. It can be applied to the control of. As an example of the target used for the sputtering method, calcined dalaphite can be given. When atoms such as silicon and boron are added to the film, a target containing those atoms may be used.
- the atmosphere may be an inert gas such as argon.In addition to the inert gas, for example, an atmosphere containing at least one selected from a hydrogen atom-containing gas and a nitrogen atom-containing gas is used. May be mixed.
- the material of the substrate used for forming the thin film is not particularly limited, for example, a semiconductor substrate such as silicon, an oxide substrate such as Al 2 O 3 or MgO, a metal substrate such as iron, aluminum, and an alloy containing these.
- a plate may be used as appropriate.
- the column structure usually has a higher density than the periphery (second phase).
- the second phase may be about 10-40% less dense than the first phase.
- the energy supply step while maintaining a state in which the first phase contains amorphous carbon, energy is partially or entirely applied to the amorphous carbon-based thin film so that a graphite structure is formed in the second phase. Should be supplied.
- This step preferentially introduces the graphite structure to the second phase.
- the generation of the graphite structure (graphite conversion) is such that the change in properties accompanying this appears only in the second phase, or excessive graphite in the first phase causes the properties in the first and second phases to change. It is preferable to perform the process to such an extent that the difference between them is not eliminated.
- crystallization proceeds more easily and preferentially than in the first phase.
- the second phase is metastable and forms a low-density amorphous network structure with interatomic bonds that are more anxious than the first phase due to the mechanism of formation of the intercolumn structure. It is inferred that the energy required for relocation is relatively small. By utilizing this, even if energy is supplied from the outside to the entire thin film, or even if this energy intensity is not given a spatial distribution, the generation of the graphite structure by crystallization of carbon in the second phase It can be done selectively.
- One of the features of the method of the present invention is that it is not necessary to give energy to supply a fine spatial distribution according to the structure between the columns and the ram between the finely divided columns.
- the supply of energy is not particularly limited, but is preferably performed by irradiation with an electron beam.
- the electron beam irradiation can further suppress the crystallization in the first phase without having to heat the entire sample on which the apparatus and the thin film are formed as in a normal heat treatment.
- Irradiation with an electron beam is particularly suitable when a carbon-based thin film is used in combination with a different material having low heat resistance.
- the energy of the electron beam is too high, it is difficult to generate a selective graphiteite structure in the second phase due to electron-induced displacement and the heating effect of the electron beam.
- an electron beam of 10 OkeV or less, more preferably 60 keV or less, for example, 40 to 60 keV.
- the irradiation intensity of the electron beam is preferably 10 19 Zcm 2 's or less, more preferably 10 17 Zcm 2 ' s or less, particularly preferably 10 15 Zcm 2 's or less.
- the irradiation intensity of the electron beam is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 13 Zcm 2 's or more.
- the electron beam irradiation may be performed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere such as the air, but in this case, ozone is generated. If it is desired to avoid this, it is preferable to perform the treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere containing no oxygen, for example, in an atmosphere composed of an inert gas represented by argon or nitrogen gas.
- the supply of energy to the amorphous carbon-based thin film allows the second phase to be more per unit volume than the first phase per unit volume.
- Many graphite structures can be formed.
- an amorphous carbon-based thin film is formed so that the density of the second phase is relatively lower than the density of the first phase. It is preferable that the structural change of the second phase due to the supply of energy to the carbon-based thin film is more likely to occur than the structural change of the first phase.
- an amorphous carbon-based thin film is formed so that the density of the second phase is relatively lower than the density of the first phase.
- the amorphous carbon-based thin film is formed so that the density of the second phase becomes relatively higher than the density of the first phase with the formation of the graphite structure (that is, the magnitude relationship of the density is reversed).
- Energy can be supplied.
- the amorphous carbon thin film is formed so that the amount in the second phase is relatively low, and the amount in the second phase is reduced by supplying energy. It can be relatively higher than the amount in one phase.
- the energy is supplied so that at least one, preferably a plurality, and more preferably all of the above conditions a) to e) are satisfied. However, it is not necessary to satisfy at least one of the above conditions in all regions of the amorphous carbon-based thin film by supplying energy. Energy may be supplied only to a part of the amorphous carbon-based thin film.
- the supply of energy to a part of the region is performed by partially masking the surface of the amorphous carbon-based thin film 15 formed on the substrate 30 with the mask 31. Irradiation with an electron beam 32 is preferred.
- a plate-like member such as a metal plate or a resin plate processed in a predetermined pattern may be used, or a metal thin film formed in a predetermined pattern may be used. Is also good.
- the electron beam 32 or the like is injected into the thin film using a mask 31 having an opening of a predetermined pattern, the opening area becomes the first area 11 and the masked area becomes the second area 12. .
- a carbon-based thin film 20 as illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 13 can be obtained.
- the energy supply region (first region 11) and the non-energy supply region (second region 12) may have different characteristics as described above. In the structure between the columns, the size and the degree of freedom of the column structure and the structure between the columns are restricted. The reason is extremely high.
- the carbon-based thin film according to the present invention has excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, and therefore can be applied to a wide range of members.
- the present invention provides a member including a base material and a thin film formed on the surface of the base material, wherein the thin film is a carbon-based thin film according to the present invention.
- the material of the base material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metals, semiconductors, ceramics, glass, and resins.
- the shape of the substrate is not particularly limited, and the substrate may be a plate, a column, a cone, or the like.
- an intermediate film 52 is disposed between the base material 51 and the carbon-based thin film 53 for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the base material 51 and the carbon-based thin film 53 and the like. Is also good.
- the material of the intermediate film 52 include a mixture of a metal and carbon, a metal nitride, and a metal carbonitride.
- the carbon-based thin film according to the present invention has high abrasion resistance, and has a low friction coefficient and low adhesiveness because its main component is carbon. In order to utilize such excellent characteristics, it is preferable to form the carbon-based thin film according to the present invention on the surface of a substrate that comes into contact with another member.
- the member thus obtained has excellent characteristics as a sliding member.
- the sliding member means a member that slides with another member when used, and includes, for example, a movable part represented by a gear, various tools, and a magnetic head.
- the carbon-based thin film according to the present invention may be formed on the surface of a molding die.
- the molding die is used for molding a material to be molded such as resin or glass into a predetermined shape.
- a material to be molded such as resin or glass
- the life of the mold has been extended by forming a diamond-like carbon thin film on a portion supporting the stamper.
- dust and dust adhere to the surface of the semi-insulating or insulating diamond-like carbon thin film due to the charging.
- the carbon-based thin film according to the present invention is used, the deterioration of the mold can be suppressed while preventing the surface from being charged.
- the carbon-based thin film according to the present invention may be formed on the surface of the electrical contact terminal by utilizing its conductivity.
- the term "electric contact terminal” refers to a terminal that performs a predetermined function by electrical contact with another member, and includes various probes, for example, contacts of a semiconductor inspection device. Probe is applicable.
- the carbon-based thin film according to the present invention is formed at least on a contact portion 62 at the tip of an electrical contact terminal (contact probe) 61.
- the material of the probe various materials conventionally used, metals such as tungsten, and semiconductors represented by silicon may be used.
- a conductive carbon-based thin film can be obtained by simply doping a carbon film with a metal.
- the carbon-based thin film thus obtained does not have sufficient hardness and wear resistance.
- both conductivity and abrasion resistance can be easily achieved.
- An amorphous carbon-based thin film with a thickness of about 0.5 m was formed on a silicon substrate by magnetron sputtering.
- a fired graphite was used as a target.
- the substrate temperature was room temperature and the atmospheric pressure was 2 Pa (15 mTorr).
- the film formation atmosphere was a mixed atmosphere of argon and methane. The flow ratio of argon to methane was adjusted to 8: 2.
- the amorphous carbon-based thin film thus obtained was irradiated with an electron beam. Irradiation of the electron beam using an electron beam accelerated at 60kV- 0. 3mA in an atmosphere under reduced pressure to 1. 3 X 10- 3 Pa, was carried out in irradiation intensity of 1 X 10 1 cm 2 ⁇ sec.
- the equipment used for electron beam irradiation was an electron beam irradiation tube (“Min-EB” manufactured by Shio Electric).
- the electron beam passed through the Si window to reduce the energy of the electron beam by about 10 to 20%, and exposed the amorphous carbon-based thin film in a lump while being scattered.
- the distance between the Si window and the amorphous carbon-based thin film was 15 mm.
- the irradiation time was 1 minute to 5 hours and 30 minutes.
- the temperature rise of the thin film due to the electron beam irradiation was saturated at 453 K according to the measurement using a thermocouple, and this saturation took 30 minutes.
- Figures 2 (a) and 2 (b) show the state of the thin film observed by TEM before and after electron beam irradiation. These photographs are so-called zero-loss images that are to be formed with only elastic scattered waves using an energy filter.
- the island-like region Prior to electron beam irradiation, the island-like region (phase 1)
- the interisland regions (second phase) distributed between the first phases, which are darker, are relatively bright (Fig. 2 (a)). This suggests that the second phase has a lower density than the first phase. According to the difference in the intensity of elastic scattered waves, the density of the second phase is about 10% lower than that of the first phase.
- the second phase is about 5% more dense than the first phase.
- the average diameter of the first phase is about 50 nm
- the area ratio of the second phase is about 20%
- the distance between the adjacent first phases is about lOnm.
- Fig. 3 shows the obtained spectrum. Irradiation of the electron beam slightly increased the broad peak near 5 eV due to the ⁇ -bond excitation of graphite. This indicates that the second phase was deflected by electron beam irradiation.
- the thin film was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy.
- the obtained spectra are shown in Figs. 4 (a) and (b).
- the intensity of the G peak around D peak and 1600 cm 1 in the vicinity of 1360 cm 1 is increased. This indicates that the graphite structure increased in the film due to the electron beam irradiation.
- a bias voltage of +1 to 3 V was applied to the probe.
- Fig. 5 shows the results.
- the convex portions in the surface roughness profile correspond to the first phase, and the concave portions correspond to the second phase. According to the current profile, it can be confirmed that the first phase is insulative with no current flowing, while the second phase is conductive. This corresponds to the formation of the graphite structure in the second phase.
- An amorphous carbon-based thin film with a thickness of about 0.5 m was formed on a silicon substrate by magnetron sputtering.
- a fired graphite was used as a target.
- the substrate temperature was room temperature and the atmospheric pressure was 4 Pa.
- the film formation atmosphere was a mixed atmosphere of argon and methane. The flow ratio of argon to methane was adjusted to 2: 1.
- the amorphous carbon-based thin film thus obtained was irradiated with an electron beam under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- a scanning wear test and a nanoindentation test using an automatic indentation system (“Tribo indenter” manufactured by Hysitron Incorporated) were performed.
- Teribo indenter manufactured by Hysitron Incorporated
- a 2 m square area was scanned 10 times at 10 / zN using a silicon probe.
- SPM-9500J3 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- the unevenness image and the cos image (elastic image) of the thin film surface were examined.
- Fig. 7 shows the results.
- FIG. 7 (c) shows the results of a scanning abrasion test on an amorphous carbon thin film (a-C film).
- the a-C film was formed in the same manner as described above except that the atmosphere pressure was 0.27 Pa (2 mTorr) and the film formation atmosphere was only argon.
- FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C show the results of the nanoindentation test for the aC film (FIG. 8C) after the electron beam irradiation (FIG. 8A), before the irradiation (FIG. 8B), and before the irradiation.
- the hardness of the thin film is slightly increased by electron beam irradiation
- the hardness of the thin film after electron beam irradiation can be seen from the hardness of the standard amorphous carbon thin film (aC film) (see Fig. 8C). Is very small, but the elastic recovery is very high.
- the improvement in wear resistance ( Figure 7) is due to the elastic nature of the film, not to the increase in hardness of the film.
- This property is due to the shape of the graphite structure by electron beam irradiation. This is considered to be caused by the formation, more specifically, the formation in which the basal plane is oriented in the film thickness direction. This is because graphite is generally used as a self-lubricating agent. This is because the bonding easily deforms the graphite and never exhibits the high abrasion shown in the present invention.
- FIG. 9 shows unevenness (a) on the surface of the thin film after electron beam irradiation and a cos image (b) detected at a portion corresponding thereto.
- FIG. 10 shows the unevenness (a) of the thin film surface before electron beam irradiation and the cos image (b) detected at the corresponding portion.
- the protrusions correspond to the column region (first phase)
- the recesses correspond to the inter-column region (second phase). Comparing the cos images before and after the electron beam irradiation, it can be confirmed that the difference in intensity in the cos images of the two phases is being eliminated by the electron beam irradiation. Taking into account the effects of surface irregularities, these cos images have a higher elastic modulus in the inter-column region (second phase) than the elastic modulus in the column region (first phase) due to electron beam irradiation. Show that! /
- An amorphous carbon-based thin film was formed on this substrate in the same manner as in Example 2 except that an aluminosilicate glass substrate (1737, manufactured by Koing Co.) was used as the substrate. Was irradiated.
- the light transmittance in the near-infrared region (wavelength region 250 nm—100 nm) in the electron beam irradiation region (first region) and the non-irradiation region (second region) of the carbon-based thin film thus obtained was determined.
- a Statroscopic Ellipsometry (VB-400, manufactured by JA Woollam. Co., Inc., with HS-190 high-speed monochromator system). The results are shown in FIG.
- the transmittance in the first region became lower than the transmittance in the second region.
- the first region has a lower transmittance than the second region, for example, even in the far-infrared region having a wavelength of about 2 m.
- This thin film has characteristics that can be applied to various devices, for example, as an interlayer insulating film in which a conductor penetrates in the thickness direction.
- the coating (protective) film is particularly suitable for applications requiring excellent resistance to micro abrasion under small loads. It is also useful.
- the carbon-based thin film of the present invention can locally arrange regions having different optical characteristics, it can be applied to various optical devices.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/590,105 US8323752B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | Carbon-based thin film, and process for producing the same, and member using the thin film |
JP2006510488A JP4672650B2 (ja) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | 炭素系薄膜およびその製造方法、ならびにこの薄膜を用いた部材 |
CN2005800060571A CN1922338B (zh) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | 碳系薄膜及其制造方法、以及使用该薄膜的构件 |
KR1020067019524A KR101103470B1 (ko) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | 탄소계 박막 및 그 제조 방법, 및 이 박막을 이용한 부재 |
CA2556782A CA2556782C (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | Carbon-based thin film, process for producing the same and member using the thin film |
EP05719554.7A EP1726680B1 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2005-02-25 | Carbonaceous thin film, process for producing the same and member utilizing the thin film |
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JP2004053123 | 2004-02-27 | ||
JP2004-053123 | 2004-02-27 | ||
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JP2004-197877 | 2004-07-05 | ||
JP2005-005371 | 2005-01-12 | ||
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US (1) | US8323752B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1726680B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4672650B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101103470B1 (ja) |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013232553A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-14 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 炭化珪素半導体素子の製造方法 |
JP2013256716A (ja) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-12-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 摺動部材 |
WO2016042629A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-24 | 日本アイ・ティ・エフ株式会社 | 被覆膜とその製造方法およびpvd装置 |
US9624975B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2017-04-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Sliding member and sliding machine |
WO2017163807A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | 日本アイ・ティ・エフ株式会社 | 被覆膜とその製造方法およびpvd装置 |
JP2018123431A (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-09 | 日本アイ・ティ・エフ株式会社 | 被覆膜とその製造方法およびpvd装置 |
CN109306455A (zh) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-05 | 同济大学 | 一种铁掺杂的非晶态碳薄膜及其制备方法 |
US10428416B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2019-10-01 | Nippon Itf, Inc. | Coating film, manufacturing method for same, and PVD device |
Families Citing this family (1)
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JP6653851B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-23 | 2020-02-26 | 日本アイ・ティ・エフ株式会社 | 被覆膜とその製造方法およびpvd装置 |
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- 2005-02-25 KR KR1020067019524A patent/KR101103470B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-25 US US10/590,105 patent/US8323752B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-25 JP JP2006510488A patent/JP4672650B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-25 CA CA2556782A patent/CA2556782C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-25 WO PCT/JP2005/003203 patent/WO2005083144A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-02-25 EP EP05719554.7A patent/EP1726680B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-02-25 CN CN2005800060571A patent/CN1922338B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013232553A (ja) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-14 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 炭化珪素半導体素子の製造方法 |
JP2013256716A (ja) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-12-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 摺動部材 |
US9624975B2 (en) | 2014-03-21 | 2017-04-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Sliding member and sliding machine |
WO2016042629A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-24 | 日本アイ・ティ・エフ株式会社 | 被覆膜とその製造方法およびpvd装置 |
US10428416B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2019-10-01 | Nippon Itf, Inc. | Coating film, manufacturing method for same, and PVD device |
US10457885B2 (en) | 2014-09-17 | 2019-10-29 | Nippon Itf, Inc. | Coating film, manufacturing method for same, and PVD device |
WO2017163807A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | 日本アイ・ティ・エフ株式会社 | 被覆膜とその製造方法およびpvd装置 |
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US11247903B2 (en) | 2016-03-23 | 2022-02-15 | Nippon Itf, Inc. | Coating film, method for manufacturing same, and PVD apparatus |
JP2018123431A (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-09 | 日本アイ・ティ・エフ株式会社 | 被覆膜とその製造方法およびpvd装置 |
CN109306455A (zh) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-02-05 | 同济大学 | 一种铁掺杂的非晶态碳薄膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20070014134A (ko) | 2007-01-31 |
CA2556782A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
CN1922338B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
EP1726680A4 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
JPWO2005083144A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1726680A1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
JP4672650B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
CA2556782C (en) | 2013-06-04 |
CN1922338A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
US8323752B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 |
US20080038511A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
EP1726680B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
KR101103470B1 (ko) | 2012-01-09 |
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