Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
  • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds

Definitions

• the invention relates to uses of plant protection compositions comprising 2- ethylhexyl lactate (EHL), and specific plant protection compositions comprising EHL.
• EHL 2- ethylhexyl lactate
• the rice plants and/or harmful organisms present in the water either have to come into contact in a direct and timely fashion with the active substance to be applied or the active substance has to be evenly and extensively distributed over the entire rice paddy field.
• the application of known spray solutions or granules as standard application processes is costly.
• Processes in which the active substances, in water-soluble containers, such as bottles, disclosed in JP-A-10175804, or bags, disclosed in US-5439 683, are positioned on the edge of the rice field are more economical. After the release from the containers, the even distribution of the active substances over the surface of the water is dependent on several factors and can be improved or indeed even guaranteed by suitable additives.
• Special compositions can be used for sparingly water-soluble active substances, as disclosed in JP-A-10017410, or the water-insoluble active substance is, as disclosed in JP-A-05339103, dissolved directly in aprotic solvents, such as (C 8 - C- ⁇ 3 )-alkyl phthalates.
• aprotic solvents such as (C 8 - C- ⁇ 3 )-alkyl phthalates.
• vegetable oil is added to the active substances, and the active substance content in the oil could be further increased by further addition of an aprotic solvent.
• the active substance is then evenly distributed in the rice paddy field via the formation of an oil film.
• the oil film may also prevent the exchange of oxygen between air and water and the additional introduction of certain solubility promoters may in consequence lead to negative effects ecologically.
• the plant protection composition used according to the invention and its application according to the invention are simple and safe to operate for the user, exhibit favorable properties with regard to toxicity and are reliable in the effect for the control of harmful organisms in rice paddy fields.
• the behavior with regard to the environment is also improved since EHL, as solvent, can be completely decomposed biologically to CO2 and water.
• the solvent film formed at the beginning distributes the active substance evenly in the rice paddy field but subsequently disintegrates into thousands of small droplets, with the result that there is no longer the danger of oxygen exchange between air and water being prevented by the surface of the water being completely covered.
• WO-A-91/14366 discloses EHL as an active substance which regulates the growth of grapes.
• EHL is here charged directly to water in a fixed dosage without additional additives and is used as leaf spray solution in an early growth stage of the grapes.
• the use of EHL as solvent is neither revealed nor suggested in this document.
• EHL is disclosed as suspending agent for insoluble agrochemical active substances in nonaqueous suspension concentrates.
• EHL is disclosed as an agent for preventing crystallization of pesticidal compositions, particularly compositions comprising azole fungicides, during application. None of these documents suggests the particular advantages of using EHL containing plant protection compositions for application in paddy rice crops.
• a plant protection composition comprising a) 2-ethylhexal lactate, b) one or more agrochemical active substances dissolved therein, and c) optionally one or more formulation aids, for the control of harmful organisms in paddy rice crops.
• a plant protection composition comprising a) 2-ethyl lactate, b) one or more agrochemical active substances dissolved therein, and c) optionally one or more formulation aids, is applied in or on the water of paddy rice fields.
• Plant protection composition within the meaning of the invention is the formulation of agrochemical active substances, i.e. either an active substance concentrate, comprising EHL and one or more agrochemical active substance, or such an active substance concentrate and formulation aids.
• formulation aids are additives and aids conventional in formulation technology which are typical of the most varied formulation types, such as emulsifiers (e.g., for the formulation types emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and microemulsion (ME)), wetting agents (e.g., for the formulation type ready-to-use liquid formulation (AL)), inert materials (e.g., for the formulation types granule (GR) and emulsifiable granule (EG)), dispersing agents (e.g., for the formulation types oil-in-water emulsion (EW) and suspoemulsion (SE)) and surfactants (e.g., for the formulation type soluble concentrate (SL)), and also additional solvents, thickeners, flow
• formulation aids which may be necessary, such as emulsifiers, wetting agents, inert materials, dispersing agents, surfactants, solvents and additional additives, are known to a person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in: Watkins, "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell, N.J.; H.v. Olphen, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry", 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y.; C.
• the solvent EHL 2-ethylhexyl lactate
• lactic acid preferably L-(+)-lactic acid
• lactic acid preferably L-(+)-lactic acid
• Additional terms for EHL are: 2-ethylhexyl S- lactate; 2-ethylhexyl L-lactic acid, L-lactic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester; CAS-No. 186817- 80-1; EC-No. 228-503-2.
• EHL exhibits good solvent properties, it can be completely decomposed biologically to CO2 and water in the environment and does not have any ozone-reducing action.
• EHL with LD50 values (rats, oral) in concentrations of over 2000 mg per kg of body weight, is toxicologically harmless.
• the ester bond in EHL is quickly degraded and EHL is decomposed by enzymatic hydrolysis to CO2 and water. Because of these convenient properties, EHL is accordingly frequently used in metal working to degrease materials and the printing industry as additive in colorants and inks.
• EHL in plant protection compositions, as well as for supporting the activity of agrochemical active substances against harmful organisms, whereby also undesired side effects, such as, e.g., plant damage (phytotoxicity) when insecticides are used, can occur to a reduced extent.
• Additional advantages by the use of EHL are the possibility of obtaining plant protection compositions with a favourable flash point, whereby restrictions with regard to transportation and storage which may be necessary can be reduced or completely abolished.
• the storage stability of plant protection compositions can also be improved by the use of EHL.
• EHL can keep agrochemical active substances in solution at low temperatures and consequently ensures the stability toward freezing of plant protection compositions.
• EHL may already be advantageous in an active substance concentrate, e.g. by increasing the stability of agrochemical active substances before the preparation of plant protection compositions by wetting the active substance surface.
• EHL may however also contribute to an improved homogeneity of the active substance in the preparation of the plant protection composition.
• agrochemical active substances comprises all substances which are used in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, forestry and veterinary medicine, as well as in the domestic sphere and in stock-keeping, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, algicides, molluscicides, virucides, resistance- inducing substances, substances active as repellants and substances active as growth regulators, compositions with and without biological organisms, and also fertilizers which supply trace elements and nutrients.
• Herbicidally, insecticidally, fungicidally, bactericidally and virucidally active substances and substances active as growth regulators are preferred.
• Herbicidal, insecticidal and fungicidal active substances are particularly preferred.
• herbicidal active substances aclonifen, amidosulfuron, anilofos, asulam, benfuresate, byspiribac-sodium, bromoxynil, chlotoluron, cyclanilide, desmedipham, diclofop-methyl, diflufenican, diuron, ethephon, ethofumesate, ethoxysulfuron, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fentrazamide, flucarbazone-sodium, flufenacet, flurtamone, foramsulfuron, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, isoproturon, isoxaflutole, linuron, mefenacet, mesosulfuron-methyl, metamitron, metosulam, metribuzin, ox
• insecticidal active substances acetamiprid, acrinathrin, aldicarb, amitraz, azinphos-methyl, beta-cyfluthrin, carbaryl, clothianidin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, endosulfan, ethiprole, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fenthion, fipronil, imidacloprid, methamidophos, methiocarb, niclosamide, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, phosalone, prothiofos, silafluofen, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, thiacloprid, thiodicarb, tralomethrin, triazophos, thrichlorfon and triflumuron.
• fungicidal active substances bitertanol, bromuconazole, carbendazim, carpropamid, cyproconazole, edifenphos, fenamidone, fenhexamid, fentin, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, fosetyl-aluminum, iprodione, iprovalicarb, pencycuron, prochloraz, propamocarb HCI, propineb, prothioconazole, pyrimethanil, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, tolylfluanid-dichlofluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, trifloxystrobin and triticonazole.
• herbicidal and insecticidal active substances are herbicidal and insecticidal active substances. More preferred are insecticidal active substances, in particular ethiprole and fipronil.
• concentrations of the abovementioned active substances in the active substance concentrate vary within a wide range and are dependent on the respective end uses. Use is generally made of concentrations which are known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for active substance concentrates and for their respective end uses. Preference is given to concentrations of 0.1% by weight to 95% by weight, particularly preferably of 0.2% by weight to 85% by weight.
• compounds from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxanes which are supposed to prevent foam formation (so-called "antifoam agents"), such as Break Thru® (Goldschmidt, Essen, GER), Dow Corning® (Dow Chemicals, Wiesbaden, GER) and Silwet® (Osi Specialities/Akzo Nobel, Frankfurt, GER), are included as additional component of the plant protection composition according to the invention.
• foam agents such as Break Thru® (Goldschmidt, Essen, GER), Dow Corning® (Dow Chemicals, Wiesbaden, GER) and Silwet® (Osi Specialities/Akzo Nobel, Frankfurt, GER).
• the polydimethylsiloxanes inter alia, improve the distribution behavior on the surface of the water.
• concentration of polydimethylsiloxanes varies within a wide range and is dependent on the desired distribution effect of the plant protection composition. Generally, use is made of concentrations which are known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for the distribution effect desired each time. Preference is given to concentrations of 0.5% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably of 3% by weight to 10% by weight.
• Polydimethylsiloxanes are prefereably used in liquid formulations, particularly of the AL type (as explained below).
• additional substances can be used in formulations according to the invention, according to the chemical nature of the agrochemical active substances.
• agrochemical active substances such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), citric acid or acetic acid, the selection and concentration of which may vary within a wide range and are dependent on the stability of the agrochemical active substance.
• BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
• concentrations which are known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for the agrochemical active substance to be dissolved each time. Preference is given to concentrations of 0.01% by weight to 1 % by weight, particularly preferably of 0.1 % by weight to 0.2% by weight.
• solvents from the group consisting of nonpolar or polar and aprotic or protic solvents such as benzyl alcohol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), C12-
• N-octylpyrrolidone NOP
• DMAc dimethylacetamide
• concentrations which are known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for the agrochemical active substance to be dissolved each time. Preference is given to concentrations of 50% by weight to 95% by weight, particularly preferably of 75% by weight to 85% by weight.
• formulation types are (use each time of the GCPF formulation code with abbreviation and description): AE Aerosol dispenser; AL Any other liquid; CG Encapsulated granule; CL Contact liquid or gel; CS Capsule suspension; DC Dispersible concentrate; DP Dustable powder; DT Tablet for direct application; EC Emulsifiable concentrate; ED Electrochargeable liquid; EG Emulsifiable Granule; EO Emulsion, water in oil; EW Emulsion, oil in water; FG Fine granule; FS Flowable concentrate for seed treatment; GG Macrogranule; GL Emulsifiable gel; GP Flo-dust; GR Granule; GW Water soluble gel; ME Micro-emulsion; MG Microgranule; OF Oil miscible flowable concentrate/oil miscible suspension; OL Oil miscible liquid; OP Oil dispersible powder; PC Gel or paste concentrate; SE Suspo-emulsion; SG Water soluble granule;
• liquid formulation types and solid formulation types which can be obtained via an active substance concentrate.
• formulation types EC GCPF formulation code for emulsifiable concentrate
• GR GCPF formulation code for granule
• EW GCPF formulation code for oil-in-water emulsion
• ME GCPF formulation code for microemulsion
• EG GCPF formulation code for emulsifiable granule
• SE GCPF formulation code for suspoemulsion
• SL GCPF formulation code for soluble concentrate
• CS GCPF formulation code for capsule suspension
• AL GCPF formulation code for ready-to-use liquid formulation.
• Special preference is given to liquid formulations in particular to ready-to-use liquid formulations (formulation type AL).
• concentration of the active substance concentrate comprising EHL and one or more agrochemically active substances, in the respective formulation type varies within a wide range and is dependent on the corresponding type of the formulation. Generally, use is made of concentrations which are known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for the respective formulation type. Preference is given to concentrations of 2% by weight to 95% by weight, particularly preferably of 10% by weight to 90% by weight.
• the invention also includes the preparation of an active substance concentrate, comprising EHL and one or more agrochemically active substances, and the preparation of plant protection compositions from the active substance concentrate.
• an active substance concentrate comprising EHL and one or more agrochemically active substances
• plant protection compositions from the active substance concentrate.
• An active substance concentrate according to the invention is a true solution, i.e. the agrochemical active substances of this liquid concentrate are present in dissolved form at ambient temperature (20°C).
• the respective amounts of the plant protection compositions of various formulation types according to the invention expended per unit area and/or test subject for the control of harmful organisms vary very greatly.
• the application media known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for the respective field of use are used in the conventional amounts, such as, for example, from several hundred liters of water per hectare with standard spray processes via a few liters of oil per hectare with the ultralow volume aircraft application down to a few milliliters of a physiological solution with injection processes.
• concentrations of the plant protection compositions according to the invention in the corresponding application media consequently vary within a wide range and are dependent on the respective fields of use.
• concentrations are used which are known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for the respective fields of use. Preference is given to concentrations of 0.01% by weight to 99% by weight, particularly preferably of 0.1% by weight to 90% by weight.
• the active substance concentrate according to the invention or the plant protection compositions of the varied formulation types prepared therefrom directly with additional plant protection compositions/formulations which in turn can also comprise agrochemical active substances and additional formulation aids.
• additional plant protection compositions/formulations which in turn can also comprise agrochemical active substances and additional formulation aids.
• the processes used in this connection, and also the formulation aids which may be necessary and plant protection compositions/formulations are generally familiar to a person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the literature cited with the various formulation types (see above), and in: Watkins, "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell, New Jersey; H.v. Olphen, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry", 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, New York; C. Marsden,
• the abovementioned agrochemical active substances and/or formulation types are preferred as additional mixing partners.
• the mixing ratios of the abovementioned mixing partners vary within a wide range and are dependent on the respective end uses. Generally, use is made of mixing ratios which are known to a person skilled in the art as conventional for the respective end uses. These are mixing ratios of 1-10 000 (plant protection composition/formulation comprising active substance concentrate):1-10 000 (plant protection composition/formulation not comprising active substance concentrate), preferably 1-1000:1-1000, particularly preferably 1- 100:1-100.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention is the use of a plant protection composition, which is a liquid formulation, preferably an AL formulation, which comprises EHL, optionally one or more solvents from the group consisting of nonpolar or polar aprotic or protic solvents, one or more antifoam agents from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxanes, one or more agrochemical active substances and optionally substances for the stabilization thereof.
• a plant protection composition which is a liquid formulation, preferably an AL formulation, which comprises EHL, optionally one or more solvents from the group consisting of nonpolar or polar aprotic or protic solvents, one or more antifoam agents from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxanes, one or more agrochemical active substances and optionally substances for the stabilization thereof.
• a plant protection composition which is a liquid formulation, preferably an AL formulation, which comprises EHL, optionally one or more solvents from the group consisting of nonpolar or polar aprotic or protic solvents,
• the plant protection compositions used according to the invention are partly known and partly new.
• a plant protection composition comprising a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate, b) dissolved therein one or more agrochemical active substances from the group consisting of 1) aclonifen, amidosulfuron, anilofos, asulam, benfuresate, byspiribac- sodium, bromoxynil, chlotoluron, cyclanilide, desmedipham, diclofop- methyl, diflufenican, diuron, ethephon, ethofumesate, ethoxysulfuron, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fentrazamide, flucarbazone-sodium, flufenacet, flurtamone, foramsulfuron, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, iodosulfuron, ioxynil, isoproturon, isoxa
• agrochemical active substances from the group consisting
• compositions comprising one or more agrochemical substances from groups 1) and 2), more preferred from group 2), in particular fipronil and/or ethiprole.
• compositions comprising as a component c) one or more polydimethyl siloxanes (as described above).
• compositions comprising substances for the stabilization of the agrochemical active substances, in particular butylated hydroxytoluene, citric acid or acetic acid.
• compositions comprising additional nonpolar, polar aproctic or protic solvents, in particular benzylaclcohol, DMSO, C- ⁇ 2 - 5 alkyl benzoates, diisopropyl adipate, N-octylpyrrolidone, and dimethylacetamide.
• compositions comprising two or more of the additional formulation aids.
• an active substance concentrate comprising (a) 2-ethylhexyl lactate and (b) one or more agrochemical active compounds from groups 1 ), 2) and/or 3).
• a water-soluble container comprising a composition as described above.
• harmful organisms comprises all forms of organisms which cause economic damage and/or damage to the health in the relevant field of use. Preference is given to harmful plant and animal organisms and to organisms which cause diseases; particular preference is given to terrestrial and aquatic weeds, including grass weeds, algae, mosses, arthropods, including insects and arachnids (such as mites), helminths, including nematodes, rodents, fungi, bacteria and viruses.
• harmful organisms means harmful arthropods, including insects and arachnids, and helminths, including nemathodes.
• Examples of harmful organisms in paddy rice crops are (use each time of the taxonomic and English term): Acanthospermum hispidum (star burr); Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (bacterial leaf blight); Acrida cinerea; Acrida exaltata; Aeneolamia contigua (spotted spittlebug of pastures); Aeneolamia flavilatera (yellow- sided froghopper); Aeneolamia varia (froghopper); Aeschynomene indica (Northern jointvetch); Ageratum conyzoides (goat weed); Agromyz-a oryzae (rice leaf miner); Agrotis segetum (turnip moth); Ahasverus advena (foreign grain beetle);
• Aleurocybotus indicus Aleuroglyphus ovatus (brownlegged grain mite); Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm); Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed); Altemanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed); Alternaria alternata f.sp.
• lycopersici (alternaria leaf spot); Alternaria padwickii (stackburn disease); Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot); Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranthus); Anadastus filiformis; Anadastus scutellatus; Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel); Anaphothrips obscurus (grass thrips); Anaphothrips sudanensis; Anisopteromalus calandrae; Anomala antiqua (groundnut chafer); Anomala dimidiata; Anomala pallida; Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode); Arthrinium phaeospermum; Aspavia armigera; Aspergillus parasiticus; Aspergillus terreus; Aspergillus ustus; Atherigona oryzae (shoot fly); Atractomorpha crenulata; Atta
• Coptotermes (termites); Corchorus aestuans; Corcyra cephalonica (rice meal moth); Corticium rolfsii (sclerotium rot); Crassocephalum crepidioides; Criconemella (ring nematode); Cricotopus bicinctus; Cricotopus sylvestris; Cricotopus trifasciatus; Cryptolestes ferrugineus (rusty grain beetle); Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle); Culicoides furens; Curvularia (black kernel); Cymoninus notabilis; Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass); Cyperus brevifolius (sedge); Cyperus compressus (annual sedge); Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge); Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge); Cyperus iria (grasshopper's cyperus); Cyperus rotund
• Neoconocephalus maxillosus (longhorned grasshopper); Nephotettix; Nephotettix cincticeps (rice green leafhopper); Nephotettix malayanus; Nephotettix nigropictus (rice green leafhopper); Nephotettix parvus; Nephotettix virescens (green paddy leafhopper); Nezara viridula (green stink bug); Nilaparvata bakeri; Nilaparvata lugens (brown-backed rice plant hopper; BPH); Nilaparvata maeander; Nisaga simplex;
• Nisia nervosa grey planthopper; Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust); Oebalus insularis (island stinkbug); Oebalus ornatus (rice stink bug); Oebalus poecilus; Oebalus pugnax (rice stinkbug); Oebalus ypsiloinoides (paddy bug); Oebalus ypsilongriseus; Oligonychus oryzae; Omalonyx felina (slug); Orphulella punctata; Orseolia oryzae (rice stem gall midge); Orseolia oryzivora (African rice gall midge); Oryza longistaminata (perennial wild rice); Oryza rufipogon (red rice); Oiyzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle); Oryzophagus oryzae; Oulema oryzae (rice leaf be
• zizaniae bacterial leaf streak
• Pseudomonas syringae Pyralis farinalis (meal moth); Pythium arrhenomanes (cereals root rot); Pythium graminicola (gramineae seedling blight); Pythium irregulare (black: beet vascular necrosis); Pythium spinosum (root rot: ornamentals); Pythium ultimum; Rattus argentiventer (rice field rat); Rattus exulans (bush rat); Rattus norvegicus (brown rat); Rattus rattus (black rat); Rattus rattus diardii (Malaysian house rat); Rattus rattus mindanensis (common Philippine field rat); Recilia dorsalis (zigzag leafhopper); Rhizoctonia; Rhizoctonia oryzae (sheath spot); Rhizoglyphus robini; Rhopalosiphum
• Sitophilus zeamais greater grain weevil
• Sitotroga cerealella grain moth
• Sogata wallicci Sogatella furcifera (white-backed planthopper; WBPH); Sogatella vibix (white-backed planthopper);
• Sorghum halepense Johnson grass
• Sphaerulina oryzina no brown leaf spot
• Sphenoclea zeylanica wedgewort
• Spodoptera cilium caterpillar, lawn
• Spodoptera exempta black armyworm
• Spodoptera exigua beet armyworm
• Spodoptera frugiperda fall armyworm
• Spodoptera littoralis leafworm, Egyptian cotton
• Spodoptera litura taro caterpillar
• Spodoptera mauritia piaddy swarming caterpillar
• Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides armyworm
• Spodoptera ornithogalli yellow striped armyworm
• oryzae rice leaf blight
• Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola bacterial leaf streak of rice
• Xiphinema (dagger nematode); Xiphinema americanum (dagger nematode); Xiphinema ifacolum (dagger nematode); Zeros orientalis; Zulia entreriana.
• An additional aspect is processes for applying plant protection composition according to the invention of liquid AL formulation type.
• the suitable standard processes for this are known to a person skilled in the art.
• it is advantageous to apply the plant protection composition by use of water-soluble bottles, sheet bags or other containers on the edge of rice paddy fields or to apply it on the surface of the water of the rice paddy fields, either dropwise from special shake bottles or by spraying with knapsack sprayers or similar devices.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently mixed with solvents and wetting agents.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently mixed with solvents and wetting agents.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently mixed with solvents and wetting agents.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently mixed with solvents and wetting agents.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently mixed with solvents and wetting agents.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently adsorbed on an inert material.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently mixed with emulsifiers.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently emulsified in water. The concentrated emulsion was then stabilized.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently emulsified in water to give a microemulsion.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared. Subsequently, an emulsion of the active substance concentrate was sprayed over inert materials in a granulation apparatus.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared.
• An emulsion of the active substance concentrate was pulverized in an aqueous composition with a second agrochemical active substance, the solid particles of which were subsequently dispersed.
• the active substance concentrate was prepared and was subsequently mixed with solvents and surfactants.
• Luviskol K90 Luviskol K90; BASF, Ludwigshafen, GER), citric acid (various suppliers), Rhodorsil 416® (antifoam; Rhodia, Frankfurt, GER), Rhodorsil 426R® (antifoam; Rhodia, Frankfurt, GER), anisole (e.g. Rhodiasolv MPE®, Rhodia, Frankfurt, GER), hexylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich, Tauf Wegn, GER), Soprophor BSU® (tristyrylphenol + 16 EO; Rhodia, Frankfurt, GER), Solvesso 200® (aromatic hydrocarbon fluid; Exxon, Cologne, GER), tributyl phosphate (e.g.
• the formulations AL1 and AL2 were tested.
• the rice paddy field harmful organism controlled was the rice cicada Nilaparvata lugens (brown-backed rice plant hopper; BPH).
• the application was carried out by pipetting a fixed amount onto the surface of the water.
• the dosages tested were equivalent to 3, 4 and 5 l/ha.
• the following individual results are based on 2 repetitions, consisting each time of 4 pots with rice plants.
• the plant damage was determined 7 and 13 days after application (DAA).
• DAA The plant damage was determined 7 and 13 days after application.
• the growth and phenotype of the rice plants were rated in % plant damage (high % values in this connection characterize serious plant damage).
• the formulation AL1 (see preparation example 1 for the preparation and composition) was tested in comparison with a standard EC formulation: AL1 with 3% by weight of ethiprole in the dosages 50 (dose 1), 83 (dose 2), 1 17 (dose 3) and 150 (dose 4) g/ha and standard EC with 10% by weight of ethiprole in the dosages 15 (dose 1 ), 25 (dose 2), 35 (dose 3) and 45 (dose 4) g/ha, doses 1 to 4 each time comprising identical amounts of the agrochemical active substance ethiprole.
• the field trial locations were JiangSu-RF, HuN-IPP and Xiushan PPS-CQ in China.
• the formulations comprising active substance were applied in the rice paddy fields by hand spraying with a knapsack sprayer.
• Test plot layout was according to the 2 RCB method with a plot size of 30 m each time. The following individual results per location are based on 3 repetitions each time.
• the rice paddy field harmful, organisms controlled were the rice cicadas Nilaparvata lugens (brown-backed rice plant hopper; BPH) and Sogatella furcifera (white-backed plant hopper; WBPH), which occurred at the infestation level naturally present at the location. In addition, the secondary action on useful spiders was ascertained.
• the activity against the two harmful organisms of the agrochemical active substance ethiprole in the AL1 formulation was, in comparison with the standard EC formulation, clearly increased on average.
• the secondary action on useful spiders by the use of the AL1 formulation was, in comparison with the standard EC formulation, not increased.
• favorable flash points of the formulation types such as, for example, 95°C for AL1 and 96°C for AL3, may make possible simplified storage of the plant protection compositions, since expenditures on special safety measures may disappear or be reduced.

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• 2005
  • 2005-02-01 WO PCT/EP2005/000959 patent/WO2005074685A1/en active Application Filing
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