WO2005053840A1 - 金属オキシナイトライド電極触媒 - Google Patents
金属オキシナイトライド電極触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005053840A1 WO2005053840A1 PCT/JP2004/017801 JP2004017801W WO2005053840A1 WO 2005053840 A1 WO2005053840 A1 WO 2005053840A1 JP 2004017801 W JP2004017801 W JP 2004017801W WO 2005053840 A1 WO2005053840 A1 WO 2005053840A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode catalyst
- electrode
- potential
- oxynitride
- metal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/037—Electrodes made of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
- H01M8/086—Phosphoric acid fuel cells [PAFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode catalyst for an electrochemical system used in an acidic electrolyte in fields such as water electrolysis, organic electrolysis, and fuel cell.
- Precious metals particularly platinum are stable at high potentials and have high catalytic activity for various reactions, and are therefore used as electrode catalysts in various electrochemical systems.
- the high price of platinum the limited amount of resources, and the need for more active electrode catalysts for fuel cells require a substitute for platinum catalysts. .
- Non-patent document 1 M. Hara et al, Catal. Today., 78, 555 (2003)
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-205104 A
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2002-66333
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-2002-154823
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-2002-321907
- the present invention relates to at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of La, Ta, Nb, Ti, and Zr.
- An electrode catalyst comprising an oxynitride containing The present inventors have found that these metal oxynitrides provide corrosion resistance that does not dissolve even when used at a potential of 0.4 V or more with respect to the reversible hydrogen electrode potential in an acidic electrolyte.
- the present invention relates to (1) an oxynitride containing at least one transition metal element whose group force is also selected from the group consisting of La, Ta, Nb, Ti, and Zr; A metal oxynitride electrocatalyst which is used at a potential of 0.4 V or more with respect to the electrode potential.
- the present invention also provides (2) the metal oxynitride electrode catalyst described above, which is dispersed as fine particles on a catalyst carrier that is an electron conductive powder.
- the present invention also provides (3) the metal oxynitride electrode catalyst described above, which is used as an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell using an acidic electrolyte.
- the metal oxynitride electrode catalyst of the present invention has high corrosion resistance in an acidic electrolyte, high corrosion resistance at an electrode potential, and has an oxygen reduction catalytic activity.
- the electrode catalyst of the present invention is composed of oxynitride containing at least one transition metal element whose group force is also selected from the group consisting of La, Ta, Nb, Ti, and Zr, and has a reversible hydrogen electrode potential in an acidic electrolyte. It is useful as an oxygen reduction catalyst because it can be used at a potential of 0.4 V or higher. The upper limit of the potential is determined by the stability of the electrode, and can be used up to the potential for generating oxygen of about 1.6V. If the voltage exceeds 1.6 V, the oxynitride is gradually oxidized simultaneously with the generation of oxygen from the surface to become an oxidized product. When the potential is less than 0.4 V, there is no problem in terms of stability of the oxynitride and! /, But the usefulness of the oxygen reduction catalyst and! / Is poor.
- the transition metals La, Ta, Nb, Ti, and Zr are all stable because the oxides do not corrode at high potentials in an acidic electrolyte, and these oxides form the catalyst surface.
- the catalyst itself can exist stably.
- these oxides are partially nitrided to form the oxynitride, which does not have the catalytic ability for oxygen reduction, so that the electronic state changes continuously and the oxides become catalytic at a specific nitriding degree. It is considered to be.
- Catalytic activity is generally defined as atomic ratio It is desirable that the ratio of transition metal to oxygen and nitrogen be around 1 ⁇ 0.1: 1 ⁇ 0.1: 1 ⁇ 0.1.
- the metal oxynitride electrode catalyst of the present invention is used by being dispersed as fine particles on a catalyst carrier which is an electron conductive powder such as carbon, conductive oxides such as tungstate and iridium oxide. be able to.
- a metal oxide is used as a raw material metal compound, and a simple substance or a mixture thereof is converted to ammonia, an ammonium salt, hydrazine, nitrogen, metal It is synthesized by reacting with nitride, metal amide, metal ammine complex and the like.
- the reaction is performed, for example, by heating a powdery mixture of the starting metal compound and the nitrogen-containing compound, or oxidizing the surface of the starting metal plate to form a starting metal oxide, and nitriding it with nitrogen or a nitrogen-containing compound.
- a method such as partial nitriding of only the surface can be appropriately employed.
- the precursor When a metal salt or a metal complex is used as a raw material, the precursor may be dissolved in an organic solvent such as an alcohol before nitriding, and subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 923K for 2 hours in the air. It should be used as a metal oxide.
- the size of the obtained metal oxynitride fine particles is substantially determined by the size of the raw material powder, and the desired size can be obtained by adjusting the size of the raw material powder. Can be obtained.
- the reaction temperature is in the range of 673-1473K.
- the temperature is lower than 673 °, the reaction rate is slow and the reaction does not proceed.
- the reaction proceeds over a long period of time, but the degree of nitridation in the inner part is less likely to progress in the inner part compared to the degree of nitridation in the peripheral part that is likely to come in contact with the nitrogen-containing compound of the metal oxide raw material. It is different and it is difficult to obtain a uniformly nitrided product. If the temperature is higher than 1473K, it decomposes and does not become oxynitride.
- nitridation is allowed to proceed completely during this reaction, a complete nitride is formed.
- Complete nitrides are stable but have low oxygen reduction catalytic ability. Only oxynitride containing oxygen and nitrogen at the same time during the nitriding process using the starting metal compound as the raw material shows the oxygen reduction catalytic ability.
- the raw material tantalum oxide has a nitrogen content of 0% by weight, and the fully nitrided tantalum nitride has a nitrogen content of 11% by weight. Has a nitrogen content of 6-9 weight It will be about a cent.
- the reaction between a metal oxide and ammonia is advantageous as a method for synthesizing the electrode catalyst of the present invention.
- oxygen is removed as nitridation proceeds, so ammonia becomes a reducing agent and a nitriding agent.
- the degree of nitridation can be controlled by changing the ammonia supply rate and the reaction temperature.
- the partial pressure of the ammonia is reduced as a mixed gas of steam and nitrogen by converting the ammonia into a mixed gas of steam and nitrogen, thereby reducing the difference in the degree of nitriding depending on the location and uniform nitriding. It becomes easy to obtain a oxynitride.
- Tantalum oxide Ta 0 powder High purity chemical company, purity 99.9%, average particle size 0.5 m
- Ta 0 powder not subjected to nitriding was used as a sample.
- TaN powder was used as a raw material to produce TaN powder in which nitriding was completely advanced.
- a glassy carbon electrode coated with a catalyst was immersed in a 0.1 mol / dm 3 sulfuric acid solution, and the experiment was performed at 30 ° C and atmospheric pressure.
- the gas atmosphere was nitrogen and oxygen. Same concentration as reference electrode
- a reversible hydrogen electrode in a sulfuric acid solution was used.
- the display of the current density was per geometric area.
- FIG. 1 shows that the potential of the prepared tantalum oxynitride was between 0.05 V and 1.2 V.
- FIG. 2 shows a current-potential curve as a result of a similar potential scan in an oxygen atmosphere.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 since an oxygen reduction current is observed at 0.2 V or less, it is considered that these oxygen reduction catalytic activities are extremely low.
- Example 1 a power reduction current of about 0.8 V was observed. This means that it has the ability to catalyze oxygen reduction.
- FIG. 3 shows a current-potential curve at a reaction temperature of 30 ° C. and in an oxygen atmosphere when scanning was performed in a direction in which the potential was 1.2 V and the scanning speed was 5 mV / s.
- the oxygen reduction current is observed from around 0.3V.
- Example 1 it was observed from 0.8 V or more, indicating that it has excellent oxygen reduction catalytic activity!
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the logarithm of the oxygen reduction current density of TaON obtained by the method of Example 1 and the electrode potential. From the inclination of the inclined line in FIG. 4, the number of reaction electrons in the rate-determining stage of the reaction can be obtained. From Fig. 4, the slope of the inclined line was -130 mV / decade, from which the number of reactive electrons was estimated to be one. In other words, this indicates that the one-electron reaction is the rate-determining step.
- the metal oxynitride electrode catalyst of the present invention is useful as an electrode catalyst for an electrochemical system used in an acidic electrolyte in fields such as water electrolysis, organic electrolysis, and fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing current-potential curves of the electrode catalysts of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Example 1 in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an evaluation of the catalytic ability of the electrode catalysts of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 for an oxygen reduction reaction.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an evaluation of the catalytic ability of the electrode catalyst of Example 1 for an oxygen reduction reaction.
- FIG. 4 is a graph in which the number of reaction electrons in a rate-determining stage of the oxygen reduction reaction of Example 1 is estimated.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04819836.0A EP1702683B8 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2004-11-30 | Metal oxynitride electrode catalyst |
US10/581,210 US7670712B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2004-11-30 | Metal oxynitride electrode catalyst |
CA2547524A CA2547524C (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2004-11-30 | Metal oxynitride electrode catalyst |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-403653 | 2003-12-02 | ||
JP2003403653A JP4198582B2 (ja) | 2003-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | タンタルオキシナイトライド酸素還元電極触媒 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005053840A1 true WO2005053840A1 (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
Family
ID=34650079
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/017801 WO2005053840A1 (ja) | 2003-12-02 | 2004-11-30 | 金属オキシナイトライド電極触媒 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7670712B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1702683B8 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4198582B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100769707B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2547524C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005053840A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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JP2009208070A (ja) * | 2008-02-05 | 2009-09-17 | Univ Of Tokyo | 燃料電池用電極触媒及びその製造方法並びに燃料電池用電極 |
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EP1806798B1 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2012-04-18 | Japan Science and Technology Agency | Metal oxide electrode catalyst |
KR100648632B1 (ko) * | 2005-01-25 | 2006-11-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 높은 유전율을 갖는 유전체 구조물의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 반도체 소자의 제조 방법 |
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JP2009298601A (ja) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-24 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 金属酸窒化物の製造方法 |
JP4870230B2 (ja) | 2008-10-06 | 2012-02-08 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 燃料電池用電極の製造方法及びその用途 |
JP5273655B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-28 | 2013-08-28 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | リチウム電池またはハイブリットキャパシタ用三成分系電極材用粒子及びその製造方法 |
JP5526424B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-27 | 2014-06-18 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | TaON構造を有するタンタル(V)系酸窒化物含有粉体、その製造方法及び顔料 |
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JP4798306B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-10-19 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 電極触媒層の製造方法ならびに電極触媒層、膜電極接合体および固体高分子形燃料電池 |
JP4947243B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-16 | 2012-06-06 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 燃料電池用カソード触媒層の製造方法、カソード触媒層および固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体 |
AU2011201595A1 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-27 | Belenos Clean Power Holding Ag | Transition metal oxidenitrides |
KR101246424B1 (ko) | 2010-08-13 | 2013-03-21 | 숭실대학교산학협력단 | 메조포러스 전이금속 질화물의 제조 방법 |
CN102686314B (zh) | 2010-12-28 | 2016-08-31 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 光半导体的制造方法、以及光半导体设备、氢生成设备和能量系统 |
JP5954714B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-02 | 2016-07-20 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | NbON膜およびNbON膜の製造方法、並びに、水素生成デバイスおよびそれを備えたエネルギーシステム |
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JP5504381B2 (ja) | 2011-12-07 | 2014-05-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | ニオブ窒化物およびその製造方法、ニオブ窒化物含有膜およびその製造方法、並びに、半導体、半導体デバイス、光触媒、水素生成デバイスおよびエネルギーシステム |
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JP5928554B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-06-01 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 触媒インクの製造方法 |
JP6270884B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-01-31 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 光水分解反応用電極の製造方法 |
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JP3587178B2 (ja) | 2001-04-24 | 2004-11-10 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 表面改質された無機系酸化物及び無機系酸窒化物 |
US6939640B2 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2005-09-06 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Anode electrocatalysts for coated substrates used in fuel cells |
KR100462950B1 (ko) * | 2002-03-27 | 2004-12-23 | 요업기술원 | 고체산화물 연료전지 |
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2003
- 2003-12-02 JP JP2003403653A patent/JP4198582B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-30 KR KR1020067008650A patent/KR100769707B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-11-30 WO PCT/JP2004/017801 patent/WO2005053840A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-11-30 EP EP04819836.0A patent/EP1702683B8/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-30 CA CA2547524A patent/CA2547524C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-30 US US10/581,210 patent/US7670712B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
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JP2000048833A (ja) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2004303664A (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-28 | Japan Science & Technology Agency | 炭化物電極触媒 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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CHUN W.J. ET AL: "Conduction and Valence Band Positions of Ta2O5, TaOn, and Ta3N5", UPS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 107, no. 8, 27 February 2003 (2003-02-27), pages 1798 - 1803, XP002987574 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007297268A (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-11-15 | General Electric Co <Ge> | 光電解槽並びに関連する装置及び方法 |
JP2009208070A (ja) * | 2008-02-05 | 2009-09-17 | Univ Of Tokyo | 燃料電池用電極触媒及びその製造方法並びに燃料電池用電極 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1702683B8 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
KR20060085931A (ko) | 2006-07-28 |
EP1702683B1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
CA2547524A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
US20070128884A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
CA2547524C (en) | 2012-05-01 |
EP1702683A1 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
US7670712B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
JP4198582B2 (ja) | 2008-12-17 |
JP2005161203A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
EP1702683A4 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
KR100769707B1 (ko) | 2007-10-23 |
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