WO2005053142A1 - 直流変換装置 - Google Patents
直流変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005053142A1 WO2005053142A1 PCT/JP2004/017555 JP2004017555W WO2005053142A1 WO 2005053142 A1 WO2005053142 A1 WO 2005053142A1 JP 2004017555 W JP2004017555 W JP 2004017555W WO 2005053142 A1 WO2005053142 A1 WO 2005053142A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- error detection
- voltage
- start capacitor
- soft start
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a highly efficient and inexpensive DC converter.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit configuration diagram of a related DC converter.
- a main switch Q1 composed of a MOSFET or the like is connected to a DC power supply Vin via a primary winding P1 of a transformer T.
- the main switch Q1 is turned on / off by the PWM control of the control circuit 17.
- the primary winding P1 of the transformer T and the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T are wound so that, for example, mutually opposite phase voltages are generated.
- Rectifying smoothing circuit 11 is connected.
- the rectifying and smoothing circuit 11 rectifies and smoothes the voltage (pulse voltage controlled on / off) by the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T, and outputs the output voltage Vout and the load current Io to the load 13 as a DC output. Output.
- the error detection circuit 15 detects an error voltage between the output voltage Vout of the load 13 and the reference voltage as an error detection signal Err.
- the control circuit 17 performs control based on the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 so as to reduce the ON width of the pulse applied to the main switch Q1 when the output voltage Vout of the load 13 becomes higher than the reference voltage. I do. That is, when the output voltage of the load 13 becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage Vout is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the ON width of the pulse of the main switch Q1.
- the voltage of the soft start capacitor Css for gradually increasing the output voltage Vout when the power supply is started is applied to the control circuit 17.
- FIG. Fig. 2 shows the operating waveforms at startup, steady state, and light load (intermittent oscillation operation) .
- the output voltage Vout, load current Io, error detection signal Err, soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss, control circuit 17 shows the control signal Cont output from 17 to the gate of the main switch Q1.
- the output voltage Vout gradually increases due to the voltage Vcss of the soft start capacitor Css.
- the error detection circuit 15 sends an error detection signal Err for controlling the output voltage Vout.
- the rated load is maintained during the period T1-T2.
- the main switch Q1 is continuously oscillated at the switching frequency to operate continuously.
- the control circuit 17 sends the control signal Cont again to the gate of the main switch Q1. Then, since the main switch Q1 starts the switching operation at the switching frequency, the output voltage Vout increases, and the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 increases, and becomes higher than the predetermined value Vb. Therefore, the control circuit 17 again stops the control signal Cont to the gate of the main switch Q1.
- the main switch Q1 is intermittently oscillated to operate intermittently.
- the period from time T2 to T3 changes depending on the magnitude of the load current Io.
- the load current Io is gradually increased from time T5.
- the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 becomes equal to or less than the predetermined value Vb, so that the intermittent operation of the main switch Q1 is not performed, and the operation in the steady load state is performed.
- the intermittent operation is performed by the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15, so that the intermittent cycle is determined by the error detection signal Err.
- the intermittent frequency became an audible frequency, and a transformer or the like sometimes generated an intermittent frequency sound.
- the intermittent frequency changes according to the value of the load current Io, and rises to the audible frequency range, generating a transformer equal sound.
- a DC converter turns on / off a main switch connected to a DC power supply via a primary winding of a transformer, and reduces a voltage of a secondary winding of the transformer.
- a DC converter for obtaining a DC output voltage by rectifying and smoothing with a rectifying smoothing circuit comprising: an error detection means for detecting an error between the output voltage and a reference voltage as an error detection signal; Control means for turning on / off the main switch based on a signal having a predetermined switching frequency based on an error detection signal; a soft start capacitor for gradually increasing the output voltage when the DC power supply is started; Soft start means having charge / discharge means for charging / discharging the capacitor; and intermittent operation of the main switch based on an error detection signal of the error detection means. And having a intermittent operation control means for defining a minimum period of the intermittent cycle of the intermittent operation with the charge period or the discharge period or charge-discharge period of the soft-Star over preparative capacitor.
- a DC converter includes a main switch connected to a DC power supply via a primary winding of a transformer, and both ends of the primary winding of the transformer or both ends of the main switch.
- the voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer is rectified and smoothed by the rectifying and smoothing circuit by alternately turning on and off the auxiliary switch of the series circuit which is connected to both ends and which also has a capacitor and an auxiliary switch, thereby reducing the DC output voltage.
- An error detecting means for detecting an error between the output voltage and a reference voltage as an error detection signal; Control means for alternately turning on and off the main switch and the auxiliary switch based on a signal having a predetermined switching frequency based on the output signal; and software for gradually increasing the output voltage when the DC power supply is started.
- a soft start means having a start capacitor and a charge / discharge means for charging / discharging the soft start capacitor; an intermittent operation of the main switch and the auxiliary switch based on an error detection signal of the error detection means; Intermittent operation control means for defining the minimum period of the intermittent operation using the charging period, discharging period, or charging / discharging period.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram showing a conventional DC converter.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of various parts of a conventional DC converter.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the DC converter of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of each unit of the DC converter according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of each part of the DC converter according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of each part of the DC converter according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of each part of the DC converter according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of respective parts of the DC converter according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a structural diagram of a transformer provided in a DC converter according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a specific circuit configuration diagram of a control circuit provided in a DC converter according to a seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing how the duty of a pulse signal decreases when the feedback signal decreases at light load.
- FIG. 17 shows the characteristics of an oscillator that changes the frequency in accordance with the voltage of a feedback signal.
- FIG. 18 is a timing chart of a pulse signal whose frequency is reduced according to the load factor at a light load.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing characteristics of changing a frequency according to a load factor at a light load.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing another example in which the switching frequency is changed according to the load factor.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram showing the DC converter of the first embodiment.
- a main switch Q1 which also has a MOSFET and the like is connected to a DC power supply Vin via a primary winding P1 of a transformer T.
- the main switch Q1 is turned on / off by PWM control.
- the primary winding P1 of the transformer T and the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T are wound so that, for example, mutually opposite phase voltages are generated, and the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T is Rectifying smoothing circuit 11 is connected.
- the rectifying and smoothing circuit 11 rectifies and smoothes the voltage (pulse voltage controlled on / off) by the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T, and outputs the output voltage Vout and the load current Io to the load 13 as a DC output. Output.
- the error detection circuit 15 detects an error voltage between the output voltage Vout of the load 13 and the reference voltage as an error detection signal Err.
- the control circuit 17a reduces the ON width of the pulse applied to the main switch Q1 when the output voltage Vout of the load 13 becomes higher than the reference voltage based on the error detection signal Err from the error detection circuit 15. Control. That is, when the output voltage Vout of the load 13 becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage, the output voltage Vout is controlled to a constant voltage by reducing the ON width of the norm of the main switch Q1.
- the voltage of the soft start capacitor Css for gradually increasing the output voltage Vout when the power supply is started is applied to the control circuit 17a!
- the voltage monitoring circuit 21 corresponds to the voltage monitoring means of the present invention, and is configured by a hysteresis comparator or the like having hysteresis characteristics, and monitors the voltage Vcss of the soft start capacitor Css. Specifically, when the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold value VL as the first threshold value, the voltage monitoring circuit 21 determines the voltage at the L level only for a period until the force also reaches the threshold value VH as the second threshold value. The monitor signal Mon is output to the latch circuit 23, and the H-level voltage monitor signal Mon is output to the latch circuit 23 during the other periods.
- the latch circuit 23 corresponds to the latch means of the present invention, and receives the voltage monitoring signal Mon of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 and the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 to generate a latch signal Lat.
- the latch circuit 23 outputs the latch signal Lat to the drive signal on Z off circuit 25 and the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit.
- the latch signal Lat is turned on by the drive signal ON Z off circuit 25 and the soft start capacitor charge / discharge circuit 19 Not output to
- the soft-start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 starts discharging the soft-start capacitor Css in response to the latch signal Lat of the latch circuit 23, and when the voltage monitoring signal Mon of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 becomes SL level, When the start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold value VL, charging of the soft start capacitor Css starts.
- the soft start capacitor Css and the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 correspond to the soft start means of the present invention.
- the drive signal on / off circuit 25 generates a drive signal Dri in which the control signal Cont of the control circuit 17a is turned on / off by the latch signal Lat of the latch circuit 23, and the drive signal Dri is supplied to the main switch Q1. Output.
- the drive signal on Z-off circuit 25 receives the latch signal Lat from the latch circuit 23, the drive signal Dri is not sent to the main switch Q1, but the main switch Q1 is turned off, and the latch signal Lat is output from the latch circuit 23.
- the drive signal Dri is sent to the main switch Q1 to turn on the main switch Q1 (intermittent oscillation operation).
- the soft start capacitor charge / discharge circuit 19 is controlled by the latch signal Lat of the latch circuit 23, and the minimum cycle of the intermittent operation is specified using the charge / discharge period of the soft start capacitor Css.
- the operation of the DC converter of the first embodiment thus configured will be described with reference to the operation waveforms shown in FIG. Fig. 4 shows the operation waveforms at startup, steady state, and light load (intermittent oscillation operation) .
- the output voltage Vout, load current Io, error detection signal Err, soft start capacitor voltage Vcss , control signal Cont The voltage monitor signal Mon, the latch signal Lat, and the drive signal Dri.
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss increases, and the drive signal Dri of the main switch Q1 is changed by the voltage level of the soft-start capacitor Css. It gradually increases, and the output voltage Vout of the load 13 gradually increases.
- the output voltage Vout reaches the reference voltage of the error detection circuit 15, and the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 starts controlling the output voltage Vout to be kept constant.
- the load is in a steady state, and the output voltage Vout is kept constant by the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15.
- the main switch Q1 is continuously oscillated at the switching frequency to operate continuously.
- the latch circuit 23 outputs the latch signal Lat to the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 and the drive signal ON / OFF circuit. Send to 25.
- the drive signal on / off circuit 25 When the drive signal on / off circuit 25 receives the latch signal Lat from the latch circuit 23, it does not send the drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1, so that the main switch Q1 is turned off.
- the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 starts discharging the soft start capacitor Css. Then, at time T3, when the soft start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold value VL of the voltage monitoring circuit 21, the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 starts charging the soft start capacitor Css.
- the latch It is released. That is, the latch signal Lat power level is reached, and the latch circuit 23 does not send the latch signal Lat to the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 and the drive signal on / off circuit 25. At this time, the soft start capacitor Css continues to be charged, and the drive signal Dri is sent to the main switch Q1.
- the latch is continued.
- the soft start capacitor Css is discharged again.
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold V of the voltage monitoring circuit 21.
- the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 is equal to or higher than the predetermined value Vb, so that the soft start capacitor Css discharges again to the threshold value VL.
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold VL again, and the soft-start capacitor Css is charged again.
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold VH of the voltage monitoring circuit 21. Reach.
- the main switch Q1 Since the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 has become equal to or less than the predetermined value Vb at the time T5, the latch is released at the time T7, and the drive signal Dri is sent to the main switch Q1. Therefore, the main switch Q1 is turned on. That is, the main switch Q1 is intermittently oscillated at the switching frequency to operate intermittently.
- the soft-start capacitor Css repeatedly charges and discharges between the two thresholds VL and VH of the voltage monitoring circuit 21, and when the soft-start capacitor Css reaches the threshold VH, the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15
- the latch is maintained until it decreases to the value Vb. That is, when the latch circuit 23 is not provided as in the conventional case, the main switch Q1 intermittently oscillates when the error detection signal Err reaches the predetermined value Vb, but in the first embodiment, the latch circuit 23 is provided and the threshold When the voltage reaches VH, the intermittent oscillation is stopped and the intermittent cycle is extended by setting the latch signal Lat to the H level until the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 decreases to the predetermined value Vb. For this reason, the intermittent frequency is lower.
- the intermittent cycle is the H level of the latch signal Lat. This is the period during which the main switch Q1 stops oscillating.
- the latch signal Lat of the latch circuit 23 is maintained until the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss discharges to the threshold VL of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 and reaches the level of the threshold VH (for example, from time T23 to time T25). Therefore, the cycle is the minimum of the intermittent cycle and the maximum value of the intermittent frequency. By setting this frequency below the audible frequency, the sound during intermittent operation is greatly reduced.
- the intermittent cycle is determined by the threshold value VL, the threshold value VH, the capacitance value of the soft start capacitor Css, and the magnitude of the charge / discharge current. For example, when (VH-VL) is large, when the soft start capacitor Css is large, or when the charge / discharge current is small, the intermittent period becomes long. It can be set as follows.
- the minimum period of the intermittent operation is specified by using the charging period, the discharging period, or the charging / discharging period of the soft start capacitor Css. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the noise generated by the transformer and the like during the intermittent operation.
- the soft start capacitor Css which uses the capacitor for determining the intermittent cycle at the soft start, is used, the number of parts can be reduced and the cost is reduced. Further, since the soft start capacitor Css is used, the soft start control is always performed when the intermittent operation is released, so that there is an advantage that the stress of the main switch Q1 is small.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of each part of the DC converter of the second embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 5 differs from the DC converter shown in FIG. 3 only in the latch circuit 23a. Therefore, only the latch circuit 23a will be described.
- the same parts as those in the configuration shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the latch circuit 23a When the soft start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold value VL and the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 is less than the predetermined value Vb (for example, at time T6), the latch circuit 23a The soft start capacitor charge / discharge circuit 19 and drive signal ON Z OFF Not sent to circuit 25 (ie, unlatched). At this time, the drive signal on / off circuit 25 sends the drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1.
- the latch circuit 23a When the latch is released, the latch circuit 23a does not send out the latch signal Lat until the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold value VH, thereby continuing the latch release.
- the soft start capacitor Css When the soft start capacitor Css is unlatched at the threshold VL, the drive signal Dri is sent to the main switch Q1 until the soft start capacitor Css reaches the threshold VH.
- Other operations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the soft start capacitor Css repeatedly charges and discharges between the two thresholds VL and VH of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 to limit the maximum frequency of the intermittent frequency. By controlling in such a way, the sound during intermittent operation is greatly reduced.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing operation waveforms of each part of the DC converter of the third embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 7 differs from the DC converter shown in FIG. 3 only in the latch circuit 23b, and therefore, only the latch circuit 23b will be described.
- the same parts as those in the configuration shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the latch circuit 23b When the soft start capacitor voltage Vcss is equal to the threshold value VL and the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 has reached a predetermined value Vb, the latch circuit 23b outputs the latch signal Lat to the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 and the driving circuit. Signal ON Not sent to the Z-off circuit 25 (that is, latch release). At this time, the drive signal on / off circuit 25 sends the drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1. Also, charging of the soft start capacitor Css is started.
- the latch circuit 23b keeps the latch signal Lat Is not sent to the soft start capacitor charge / discharge circuit 19 and the drive signal on / off circuit 25.
- the drive signal on / off circuit 25 sends the drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1. Start charging the soft start capacitor Css.
- the soft-start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19 has a soft-start capacitor voltage Vcs When s reaches the threshold value VL, the soft start capacitor voltage Vcss is maintained at the threshold value VL until the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 reaches the predetermined value Vb.
- the soft start capacitor Css repeatedly charges and discharges between the two thresholds VL and VH of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 to limit the maximum frequency of the intermittent frequency so that the intermittent frequency becomes audible. By controlling in such a way, the sound during intermittent operation is greatly reduced.
- the intermittent cycle is determined by the time constant of only the discharge of the soft start capacitor Css.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a fourth embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 9 is a specific circuit configuration example of the DC converter of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the same parts as those in the configuration shown in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a main switch Q1 composed of a MOSFET or the like is connected to a DC power supply Vin via a primary winding P1 of a transformer T.
- the main switch Q1 is turned on and off by PWM control.
- the primary winding P1 of the transformer T and the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T are wound so that opposite phase voltages are generated, and the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T has a diode.
- a rectifying / smoothing circuit 11 composed of D10 and a capacitor C10 is connected. The rectifying / smoothing circuit 11 rectifies and smoothes the voltage (pulse voltage controlled on / off) by the secondary winding S1 of the transformer T, and outputs the output voltage Vout and the load current Io as a DC output to the load 13. Output to
- the error detection circuit 15 includes a series circuit of a resistor R10 and a resistor R11 connected to both ends of the load 13, an error amplifier 151, and a photo power blur PC1, and includes a resistor R10 and a resistor R11.
- the connection point is connected to one terminal of the error amplifier 151
- the reference voltage Vref is connected to the + terminal of the error amplifier 151
- the photocoupler PC1 is connected between the connection point between the load 13 and the resistor R10 and the output of the error amplifier 151.
- the error detection circuit 15 applies a voltage proportional to the output voltage Vout to one terminal of the error amplifier 151, and the feedback current I (error detection signal Err To
- resistor R Flow through the resistor R.
- One end of the resistor R is connected to the collector of the phototransistor of the photocoupler PCI,
- the other end of the anti-R is connected to the gate and drain of FETQ4 and the gate of
- the source of FETQ4 and the source of FETQ5 are connected to the power supply Vcc.
- the other end of resistor R is connected to the gate of FETQ6, which connects FETQ6 and FETQ7 in series.
- the path is connected to both ends of the power supply Vcc.
- the PWM control circuit 17b includes a comparator 171, an OSC (oscillator) 172 that generates a triangular wave signal, resistors R3, R4, R5, and FETQ8.
- FETQ8 and FETQ7 form a mirror circuit.
- the series circuit of the resistor R3 and the FETQ8 is connected to both ends of the power supply Vcc, and the connection point between the resistor R3 and the FETQ8 is connected to the first terminal of the comparator 171.
- a series circuit of the resistors R4 and R5 is connected to both ends of the power supply Vcc, and a connection point between the resistors R4 and R5 is connected to a second terminal of the comparator 171.
- One end of the soft start capacitor Css is connected to the third negative terminal of the comparator 171.
- OSC 172 is connected to the + terminal of comparator 171.
- Comparator 171 calculates the triangular wave signal from OSC 172, the voltage V at the connection point between resistors R4 and R5, and the connection point between resistor R3 and FETQ8.
- PWM control signal based on the voltage V and the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss.
- the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19a includes an AND circuit 191, an FETQ2, an FETQ3, a resistor Rl, and a resistor R2.
- the series circuit of FETQ2, resistor R1, resistor R2 and FETQ3 is connected to both ends of the power supply Vcc, and the connection point of resistor R1 and resistor R2 is connected to one end of the soft-start capacitor Css and the input of the voltage monitoring circuit 21.
- the AND circuit 191 takes the voltage monitor signal Mon of the voltage monitor circuit 21 and the latch signal Lat and NOR of the latch circuit 23, outputs an AND output to the gates of FETQ2 and FETQ3, and fills the soft start capacitor Css. Control discharge.
- One end of a constant current source CC1 for flowing a constant current Iccl and an input of the inverter circuit 27 are connected to a drain of the FET Q5.
- the output Inv of the inverter circuit 27 is input to the NAND circuit 231.
- the latch circuit 23 includes a NAND circuit 231 connected to the output of the inverter circuit 27, a NAND circuit 232 connected to the output of the voltage monitoring circuit 21, and an inverter circuit 233 connected to the output of the NAND circuit 232. And the output of the inverter circuit 233 and the output of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 A NOR circuit 234 which is connected to a power supply and outputs a latch signal Lat to an AND circuit 191 and a NOR circuit 251.
- the output of the NAND circuit 231 is connected to the input of the NAND circuit 232, and the output of the NAND circuit 232 is connected to the input of the NAND circuit 231.
- the drive signal on / off circuit 25 is composed of a NOR circuit 251 which receives the latch signal Lat and the control signal Cont from the comparator 171 and outputs the drive signal Dri to the gate of the main switch Q1.
- FIG. Fig. 10 shows the operation waveforms at startup, steady state, and light load (intermittent oscillation operation).
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss increases, and the drive signal Dri of the main switch Q1 is changed by the voltage level of the soft-start capacitor Css. It gradually increases, and the output voltage Vout of the load 13 gradually increases.
- the output voltage Vout reaches the reference voltage Vref of the error detection circuit 15, and is controlled by the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15 so that the output voltage Vout is kept constant.
- the load is in a steady state, and the output voltage Vout is kept constant by the error detection signal Err of the error detection circuit 15.
- the main switch Q1 is continuously oscillated at the switching frequency to operate continuously.
- the back current I corresponds to the error detection signal Err. There is no intermittent operation because there is.
- error detection circuit 15 further increases the feedback current I power S and intermittent operation
- the current value for transition to Ice becomes 1 or more. Then, a current flows from Vcc ⁇ Q5 ⁇ CCl, the input of the inverter circuit 27 becomes H level, the output power level of the inverter circuit 27 becomes, and is input to the NAND circuit 231.
- the soft start capacitor voltage Vcss is at the H level
- the H level is input from the voltage monitoring circuit 21 to the NAND circuit 232. Therefore, the output of the NAND circuit 232 becomes L level, and the H level latch signal is output from the exclusive NOR circuit 234.
- Lat is output as NOR circuit 251 and AND circuit 191.
- the NOR circuit 251 of the drive signal ON Z-off circuit 25 receives the H-level latch signal Lat from the latch circuit 23, it sends out the L-level drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1, so that the main switch Q 1 Is turned off.
- the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19a NOR circuit 191 inputs the H-level latch signal Lat and the H-level voltage monitoring signal Mon to turn on the FETQ3. As a result, a current flows in the order of Css ⁇ R2 ⁇ Q3, the soft start capacitor Css starts discharging, and the voltage of the soft start capacitor Css decreases! /.
- the L level is input from the voltage monitoring circuit 21 to the AND circuit 191, so that the FETQ3 is turned off and the FETQ2 is turned on.
- current flows from Vcc to Q2 to Rl to Css, and the soft-start capacitor Css starts charging.
- the latch is released. That is, in this case, the input of the inverter circuit 27 becomes L level, the output of the inverter circuit 27 becomes H level, and is input to the NAND circuit 231.
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss is at the H level
- the H level is input from the voltage monitoring circuit 21 to the NAND circuit 232. Therefore, the output of the NAND circuit 232 becomes H level, and the exclusive NOR circuit 234 outputs the L level latch signal. Lat is output as NOR circuit 251 and AND circuit 191.
- the NOR circuit 251 of the drive signal-on Z-off circuit 25 sends the H-level drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1, so that the main switch Q1 It is turned on and operates intermittently.
- the comparator 171 outputs a triangular wave signal from the OSC 172 at the connection point between the resistors R4 and R5.
- the drive signal Dri is output to the main switch Q1 from time T6 to time T7 and from time T12 to time T13. Also, since the FETQ2 is turned on by the L level from the AND circuit 191, the soft-start capacitor Css keeps charging.
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss again reaches the threshold value VH
- the soft-start capacitor Css is discharged again, and reaches the threshold value VL of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 at time T8.
- the latch is released, and the drive signal Dri is sent to the main switch Q1. Therefore, the main switch Q1 is turned on. That is, the main switch Q1 is intermittently oscillated at the switching frequency to operate intermittently.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a fifth embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 11 is a specific circuit configuration example of the DC converter of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 9 differs from the DC converter shown in FIG. 9 in the configuration of the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19b, the latch circuit, the PWM control circuit 17c, and other parts, and therefore, only these different parts will be described.
- the same components as those shown in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the PWM control circuit 17c is basically the same as the PWM control circuit 17b shown in FIG. 9, except that one end of the soft start capacitor Css is not connected to one terminal of the comparator 171.
- the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19b includes an AND circuit 191, an FET Q3, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2.
- the series circuit of FETQ4, resistor R1, resistor R2 and soft-start capacitor Css is connected to both ends of the power supply Vcc, and the connection point of resistor R1 and resistor R2 is connected to the drain of FETQ3.
- the connection point between the resistor R2 and the soft start capacitor Css is connected to the input of the voltage monitoring circuit 21.
- the AND circuit 191 takes the voltage monitoring signal Mon of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 and the latch signal Lat of the latch circuit and NOR, and outputs an AND output to the gate of the FETQ3 to control charging and discharging of the soft start capacitor Css.
- One end of the constant current source CC1 and the input of the buffer circuit 29 are connected to the drain of the FETQ5.
- the output of the buffer circuit 29 is connected to the inputs of the NOR circuit 251 and the AND circuit 191.
- the latch circuit is composed of the buffer circuit 29 and the resistor R1.
- FIG. Fig. 12 shows the operation waveforms at start-up, steady-state, and light load (intermittent oscillation).
- control signal Cont the voltage monitoring signal Mon, the latch signal Lat, the drive signal Dri, the output voltage Vout, and the load current Io are shown. Also, let I be the current flowing through the drain of FETQ4.
- the feedback current I increases and flows. This feed As the back current I increases, the current I also increases.
- the current I corresponds to the error detection signal Err.
- the current value of the constant current source CC1 is equal to or less than Iccl, so that intermittent operation does not occur.
- the NOR circuit 251 of the drive signal ON Z-OFF circuit 25 When the NOR circuit 251 of the drive signal ON Z-OFF circuit 25 receives the H-level latch signal Lat from the buffer circuit 29, it sends the L-level drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1, so that the main switch Q1 It turns off.
- the soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19b NOR circuit 191 receives the H-level latch signal Lat and the H-level voltage monitoring signal Mon to turn on the FETQ3. As a result, a current flows from Css ⁇ R2 ⁇ Q3, and a current flows from Vcc ⁇ Q4 ⁇ Rl ⁇ Q3. The soft-start capacitor Css starts discharging, and the voltage of the soft-start capacitor Css decreases. Go.
- the input of the buffer circuit 29 becomes L level
- the output of the buffer circuit 29 becomes L level
- the L level latch signal Lat is output to the NOR circuit 251 and the AND circuit 191.
- the NOR circuit 251 of the drive signal on Z off circuit 25 sends the H level drive signal Dri to the main switch Q1, so that the main switch Q1 It is turned on and operates intermittently.
- the comparator 171 generates a triangular wave from the voltage V OSC172 at the connection point between the resistors R4 and R5. Since the control signal Cont is output when the voltage is higher than the signal voltage Vosc, the drive signal Dri is output to the main switch Q1 from time T5 to time T6 and from time T10 to time Til.
- the soft-start capacitor voltage Vcss reaches the threshold value VH again, the soft-start capacitor Css is discharged again, and reaches the threshold value VL of the voltage monitoring circuit 21 at time T8.
- the latch is released and the drive signal Dri is sent to the main switch Q1. Therefore, the main switch Q1 is turned on. That is, the main switch Q1 is intermittently oscillated at the switching frequency to operate intermittently.
- the main switch Q1 is turned off again.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram showing a DC converter according to a sixth embodiment.
- the DC converter shown in FIG. 13 has the configuration of the DC converter shown in FIG. 3 and employs an active clamp system. That is, the DC converter of the sixth embodiment includes an error detection circuit 15, a control circuit 17a, a soft start capacitor charging / discharging circuit 19, a soft start capacitor Css, a voltage monitoring circuit 21, a latch circuit 23, a drive signal on Z off circuit 25a And a series circuit composed of an auxiliary switch Q10 and a capacitor C2, which also has a MOSFET equivalent force, is connected to both ends of the primary winding P1 of the transformer Ta.
- the main switch Q1 and the auxiliary switch Q10 are alternately turned on and off by the PWM control of the control circuit 17a and the drive signal on / off circuit 25a.
- the value of the inductance of the rear turtle connected in series to the primary winding P1 of the transformer Ta is increased, and the energy stored in the rear turtle when the main switch Q1 is turned on is changed to the second order. It is characterized in that an auxiliary transformer for reflux is provided on the side.
- an auxiliary transformer is coupled to a transformer Ta.
- the transformer Ta includes a primary winding P1 (number of turns nl, and also serves as a primary winding of the auxiliary transformer Ta) and a secondary winding S1. (Number of turns n2) and a tertiary winding S 2 (number of turns n3, corresponding to the secondary winding of the auxiliary transformer Ta).
- a series circuit of a diode D6 and a capacitor C5 is connected to both ends of the series circuit of the secondary winding S1 and the tertiary winding S2 of the transformer Ta.
- a diode D5 is connected to a connection point between the secondary winding S1 and the tertiary winding S2 and a connection point between the diode D6 and the capacitor C5.
- the primary winding P1 and the secondary winding S1 are wound in the same phase, and the primary winding P1 and the tertiary winding S2 are wound in the opposite phase.
- the secondary winding S1 of the transformer Ta is loosely coupled to the primary winding P1, and the leakage inductance between the primary winding P1 and the secondary winding S1 causes a rear turtle (shown in FIG. Without).
- the tertiary winding S2 of the transformer Ta is tightly coupled to the primary winding P1.
- auxiliary switch Q10 When auxiliary switch Q10 is turned on, the energy stored in primary winding P1 of transformer Ta moves to capacitor C2, and auxiliary switch Q10 remains on after the movement. A current flows in the order of C2 ⁇ Q10 ⁇ P1 ⁇ C2, and the energy stored in the capacitor C2 moves to the primary winding P1 of the transformer Ta. Then, after turning off the auxiliary switch Q10, H Turn on Ql.
- the value of the inductance connected in series to the primary winding P1 of the transformer Ta is increased, and the energy stored when the main switch Q1 is turned on is returned to the secondary side via the transformer Ta. , Efficiency is improved. Also, the secondary current flows during the ON and OFF periods of the main switch Q1 due to the diodes D5 and D6, so that the current is continuous. Therefore, the ripple current of the capacitor C5 also decreases.
- FIG. 14 shows a configuration example of a transformer in which an auxiliary transformer is coupled to a transformer Ta.
- the transformer shown in FIG. 14 includes a core 30 having a rectangular outer shape, and the core 30 has elongated gaps 32a, 32b parallel to the longitudinal direction of the magnetic path so as to form magnetic paths 31a, 31b, 31c. Is formed.
- a primary winding P1 and a tertiary winding S2 are wound close to each other on a core portion 30a constituting the magnetic path 31b.
- a slight leakage inductance is provided between the primary and tertiary windings, a pass core 30c and a gap 31 are formed in the core 30, and a secondary winding S1 is wound around the outer peripheral core. . That is, the leakage inductance is increased by loosely coupling the primary winding P1 and the secondary winding S1 with the no score 30c.
- This leakage inductance is used as an alternative to a rear turtle (not shown).
- two concave portions 30b are formed on the outer peripheral core and between the primary winding P1 and the secondary winding S1. Due to the recess 30b, the cross-sectional area of a part of the magnetic path of the outer core becomes narrower than that of the other part, and only that part is saturated, so that core loss can be reduced.
- the transformer Ta and the auxiliary transformer that returns the energy of the rear turtle to the secondary side are coupled to one core 30 by providing a pass core 30c by devising the shape of the transformer core and the winding.
- a large leakage inductance is obtained, and the transformer portion and the rear turtle are connected, so that the DC converter can be reduced in size and inexpensive.
- a series circuit composed of the auxiliary switch Q2 and the capacitor C2 is connected to both ends of the primary winding P1 of the transformer Ta.
- This series circuit is, for example, the main switch Q1. May be connected to both ends.
- the main switch Q1 has only a parasitic capacitor, and a capacitor may be further connected to both ends of the main switch Q1.
- FIG. 15 is a specific circuit configuration diagram of a control circuit provided in the DC converter of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is characterized in that the control circuit 17d performs control such that the switching frequency of the main switch (including the auxiliary switch Q10, if any) is reduced at light load.
- the error detection circuit 15a shown in FIG. The error amplifier 151 outputs the output voltage Vout to the-terminal, the reference voltage V to the + terminal,
- the control circuit 17d includes a comparator 173, a VC0174, and a comparator 175.
- the feedback signal FB from the error amplifier 151 is input to the-terminal
- the reference voltage (corresponding to a predetermined reference value) is input to the + terminal
- the resistor Rc is connected between the output terminal and the power supply Vcc. Is connected, and when the feedback signal FB becomes equal to or lower than the reference voltage V, it is determined that the load is light, and an H level is output to the VCO 174, for example.
- VC0174 is a voltage-controlled oscillator that generates a signal having a frequency corresponding to the voltage value.
- the H level is input from the comparator 173, that is, when the feedback signal FB becomes equal to or lower than the reference voltage V.
- a triangular wave signal whose switching frequency is reduced according to the voltage value of the error voltage signal from the error amplifier 151 is generated.
- the comparator 175 turns on when the feedback signal FB from the error amplifier 151 is input to the + terminal, the triangular wave signal from the VC0174 is input to the-terminal, and the value of the feedback signal FB is greater than or equal to the value of the triangular wave signal.
- a pulse signal that is turned off when the value of the feedback signal FB is smaller than the value of the triangular wave signal is generated, and the pulse signal is output to the drive signal on / off circuit 23.
- the error detection circuit 15a provides an error voltage signal comprising an error between the output voltage Vout and the reference voltage V. And outputs the error voltage signal to the comparator 173 as a feedback signal FB.
- the feedback signal force SFB1 decreases to FB2
- the pulse signal ON / OFF duty force S decreases.
- the comparator 173 determines that the load is light, and outputs an H level to the VC0174, for example.
- the VC0174 determines the switching frequency according to the voltage value of the error voltage signal from the error detection circuit 15a. Is generated. For example, as shown in FIG. 17, as the voltage of the feedback signal FB decreases as
- the frequency is lowered as f and f. This usually means, as shown in Figure 19,
- the switching frequency is, for example, 100 kHz, which corresponds to lowering the switching frequency according to the load factor when the load is light.
- the comparator 175 inputs the triangular wave signal from VC0174 and the feedback signal FB from the error detection circuit 15a, and when the value of the feedback signal FB is equal to or greater than the value of the triangular wave signal as shown in FIG. When ON, it generates a pulse signal that turns off when the value of the feedback signal FB is less than the value of the triangular wave signal, and outputs the pulse signal.
- a signal is generated. That is, at light load, the switching frequency is reduced, so that the switching loss can be further reduced.
- the lower limit of the switching frequency is set to a frequency slightly higher than the audible frequency (for example, 20KHz), and when the frequency drops to this frequency in accordance with the load factor,
- control is performed by PWM modulation, and when the frequency decreases, the operation is shifted to intermittent operation.
- the switching frequency may be controlled as shown in FIG.
- the present invention is not limited to the DC converters of the first to seventh embodiments. Needless to say, the present invention can be applied to a combination of two or more embodiments of the DC converter of the first to seventh embodiments. For example, the present invention may be a combination of the fifth, sixth, and seventh embodiments.
- the intermittent operation control means specifies the minimum period of the intermittent operation intermittent period using the charging period, the discharging period, or the charging and discharging period of the soft start capacitor. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the noise that also generates the transformer force during the intermittent operation.
- the present invention is applicable to a DC-DC conversion type power supply circuit and an AC-DC conversion type power supply circuit.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-399667 | 2003-11-28 | ||
| JP2003399667A JP4039362B2 (ja) | 2003-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | 直流変換装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005053142A1 true WO2005053142A1 (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
Family
ID=34631614
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/017555 Ceased WO2005053142A1 (ja) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-26 | 直流変換装置 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4039362B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005053142A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7746668B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2010-06-29 | Werner Turck Gmbh & Co. Kg | Galvanically isolated direct current transducer |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100889528B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-27 | 2009-03-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 소프트 스타트 회로와 이를 포함하는 전원공급장치 |
| JP5157987B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-25 | 2013-03-06 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 絶縁形dc−dcコンバータ |
| JP2011004550A (ja) | 2009-06-19 | 2011-01-06 | Panasonic Corp | スイッチング電源装置および半導体装置 |
| JP5708240B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-24 | 2015-04-30 | ヤマハ株式会社 | スイッチング電源回路 |
| JP6810150B2 (ja) | 2016-08-30 | 2021-01-06 | ヌヴォトンテクノロジージャパン株式会社 | スイッチング電源装置および半導体装置 |
| WO2019043786A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-03-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電源装置及び半導体光源点灯装置 |
| JPWO2019187306A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-27 | 2021-03-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 電源装置、電源装置の制御方法及びコンピュータプログラム |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000224843A (ja) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | スイッチング電源回路 |
| JP2002171760A (ja) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-14 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | Dc−dcコンバータ |
| JP2003284340A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-03 | Canon Inc | 電源装置及びプログラム |
-
2003
- 2003-11-28 JP JP2003399667A patent/JP4039362B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-26 WO PCT/JP2004/017555 patent/WO2005053142A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000224843A (ja) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-08-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | スイッチング電源回路 |
| JP2002171760A (ja) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-14 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | Dc−dcコンバータ |
| JP2003284340A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-03 | Canon Inc | 電源装置及びプログラム |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7746668B2 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2010-06-29 | Werner Turck Gmbh & Co. Kg | Galvanically isolated direct current transducer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4039362B2 (ja) | 2008-01-30 |
| JP2005168084A (ja) | 2005-06-23 |
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