WO2005038425A1 - 光ファイバおよび光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定方法 - Google Patents
光ファイバおよび光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005038425A1 WO2005038425A1 PCT/JP2004/015625 JP2004015625W WO2005038425A1 WO 2005038425 A1 WO2005038425 A1 WO 2005038425A1 JP 2004015625 W JP2004015625 W JP 2004015625W WO 2005038425 A1 WO2005038425 A1 WO 2005038425A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- bobbin
- wound around
- pmd
- polarization mode
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02285—Characterised by the polarisation mode dispersion [PMD] properties, e.g. for minimising PMD
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/3181—Reflectometers dealing with polarisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical fiber and a method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber.
- the PMD of the optical fiber Due to the non-circularity of the core shape of the optical fiber and the asymmetry of the stress generated in the core, the PMD of the optical fiber has a group velocity of two orthogonal polarization components that propagate in the optical fiber. This is the mode dispersion caused by the difference.
- the local birefringence of the optical fiber is determined by using a beat length (hereinafter abbreviated as "L").
- This L changes the arbitrary polarization state that has entered the optical fiber again.
- Another parameter indicating the local birefringence of the optical fiber is the mode birefringence B.
- the mode birefringence between B and L is expressed by the following equation (1).
- ⁇ is the wavelength of light. If the length of the optical fiber is short, it can be assumed that there is no polarization mode coupling, and the PMD is expressed by the following equation (2) as a function of the speed of light C and the length L of the optical fiber. .
- the PMD is expressed by the following equation (3).
- L is called the average coupling length and represents the magnitude of the polarization mode coupling.
- the magnitude of the polarization mode coupling is mainly determined by the torsion of the optical fiber and the externally applied force.
- an optical fiber is transported to an optical cable laying step while being wound on a bobbin, or is shipped and transported as an optical fiber alone. Therefore, it is desirable that the PMD can be measured while the optical fiber is wound around a bobbin.
- the PMD of the optical fiber wound around the transport bobbin and the PMD of the optical fiber after the optical cable show completely different values (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). o
- the PMD of the optical fiber after the optical cable connection increases, and the PMD may exceed the upper limit of the PMD defined by the standard, which has been a problem.
- the optical fiber is about 20km to 100km long and is shipped to the optical cable manufacturing process.
- the length becomes about 1km to 10km.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Scott Grindstaff, Joseph Hill, Omid Daneshvar, "Extransic Stress Effects on Polarization Mode Dispersion in Optical Fiber Cables", International Wire & Cable Symposium Proceedings, 1993, pp. 647-654
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an optical fiber capable of estimating the PMD of an optical fiber after optical cable winding in a state where the optical fiber is wound around a transport bobbin. It is an object to provide a polarization mode dispersion measuring method, an optical fiber, and an optical fiber cable.
- the present invention provides a method for converting an optical fiber from a beat length when the optical fiber is wound around a bobbin and an average coupling length when the optical fiber is optically cabled.
- a method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber for estimating the polarization mode dispersion when an optical cable is used.
- the resolution of the P-OTDR is shorter than the shortest beat length assumed in an optical fiber wound around a bobbin.
- the magnitude of the birefringence of the optical fiber induced by being wound around the bobbin is determined by the magnitude of the internal birefringence inherent in the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber is wound around the bobbin by setting the radius R of the bobbin and the tension at the time of winding the optical fiber around the bobbin so as to make the diameter smaller.
- the magnitude of the birefringence of the optical fiber induced by being wound around the bobbin is equal to the magnitude of the internal birefringence allowed by the standard of the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber is wound around the bobbin by setting the radius R of the bobbin and the tension at the time of winding the optical fiber around the bobbin so that the diameter is smaller than the above.
- the radius R of the bobbin and the size B of the internal birefringence allowed in the optical fiber standard are expressed by the following equation (4). It is preferable to set the radius R of the bobbin so as to satisfy and wrap the optical fiber around the bobbin!
- n is the refractive index of the glass material (usually quartz glass) that constitutes the optical fiber
- V is the optical fiber.
- r is the Poisson's ratio of the glass material, and r is the radius of the glass part of the optical fiber.
- the bobbin has a structure capable of temporarily relaxing the winding tension around the optical fiber.
- the present invention also relates to an optical fiber including a core portion and a clad portion disposed around the core portion, wherein the PMD measured by the above-described method is equal to or less than 0.1 IpsZ km.
- An optical fiber is provided.
- the beat length when wound around the bobbin is preferably 15 m or more, more preferably 30 m or more.
- the beat length in a state of being wound around the bobbin and relaxing the tension of the bobbin is 15m or more, more preferably 30m or more.
- the present invention also provides an optical fiber cable in which a plurality of optical fiber cores provided with a protective layer around the above-described optical fiber are arranged side by side, and the plurality of optical fiber cores are housed in a sheath.
- the method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber according to the present invention can estimate the PMD of the optical fiber after the optical cable has been wound while the optical fiber is wound around a bobbin.
- the method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber according to the present invention can determine whether or not the PMD of the optical fiber is within specifications after the optical cable is wound while the optical fiber is wound around a bobbin.
- the method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber of the present invention does not require preparing an optical fiber for measurement in a free state, so that the optical fiber can be used effectively.
- the method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber uses the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber to be shipped without substituting the measurement result based on the measurement result of the polarization mode dispersion of a nearby optical fiber. Is measured, so that a better quality optical fiber can be provided.
- the method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber of the present invention can measure the PMD value in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber, so that a large portion of the PMD can be locally found and removed. Therefore, an optical fiber of better quality can be provided.
- FIG. 1 When an external force is applied to two optical fibers having internal birefringence of different sizes to induce birefringence of different sizes, the average birefringence is calculated. Show the results It is a graph.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing calculation results of PMD of an optical fiber.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a waveform of a Rayleigh scattered light intensity actually measured using a P—OTDR.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a beat length of an optical fiber wound on a bobbin and a PMD after the optical fiber is used as an optical fiber cable.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the PMD of an optical fiber wound on a bobbin and the PMD after the optical fiber is used as an optical fiber cable.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the structure of an optical fiber core wire.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of an optical fiber cable.
- optical fiber 2 ⁇ core part, 3 ⁇ clad part, 4 ⁇ primary coating (protective layer), 5 ⁇ secondary coating (protective layer), 10...
- Optical fiber core wire 11 Tension member, 12 Loose tube, 13 Jerry, 14 Jerry, 15 Holder, 16 Tear string, 17 Sheath , 20 ...
- the beat length L and the average coupling length L are different.
- L is affected by the bending radius, tension and side pressure when the optical fiber is wound around the bobbin.
- L means that when the optical fiber is wound around the bobbin
- the direction of the birefringence induced by the external force is almost in the radial direction of the bobbin, whereas the angle of the birefringent axis inside the optical fiber is not large. Can take any angle.
- the average birefringence of the optical fiber when the lateral pressure is applied is considered to be the average when various angular force lateral pressures are applied.
- Figure 1 shows the results of calculating the average birefringence when birefringence of different sizes is induced by applying a force from the outside to two optical fibers with internal birefringence of different sizes. It is a graph shown.
- L after the optical fiber is wound around the bobbin is the light when the optical fiber is wound around the bobbin.
- the PMD When the optical fiber is wound around a bobbin, the PMD is reduced. If the optical fiber is placed in a free state after being laid with an optical cable, the PMD becomes large and poses a problem.
- an optical fiber having an L force SlOm of 20m and an L force of 3 ⁇ 40m is bobbin.
- Each optical fino was wound around a bobbin so as to have an L force of 3 ⁇ 4m.
- the average coupling length used in the calculation is a typical value when the optical fiber is left free and when it is wound around a bobbin.
- Figure 2 shows the PMD calculation results for the optical fiber.
- both PMDs may have the same value depending on the magnitude of the birefringence induced by the external force, although the PMDs have different values. is there.
- the magnitude relationship between the two PMDs is reversed from that in a free state. In other words, it is impossible to estimate the PMD of an optical fiber placed in a free state only by measuring the PMD of an optical fiber wound around a bobbin.
- the size of the PMD of the optical fiber after conversion into an optical cable is almost the same as the PMD of the optical fiber placed in a free state.
- the P after optical fiber conversion can be calculated using the following equation (2).
- the L of the optical fiber after the conversion into the optical cable is the structure of the optical fiber cable, the optical fiber and the optical c.
- the PMD after the optical cable can be estimated.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of the waveform of the Rayleigh scattered light intensity actually measured using the P-OTDR.
- one of the methods of calculating L is to measure using P-OTDR
- L is typically greater than 10 cm.
- L can be measured independently of any single mode fiber.
- a resolution of 1 cm or less can be obtained, so that it can be applied to any single mode fiber other than the polarization maintaining fiber. it can.
- the PMD measurement method using the P-OTDR can be applied to a multimode fiber.
- the magnitude of the birefringence of the optical fiber induced by being wound around the bobbin is smaller than the magnitude of the internal birefringence, as described above, the magnitude of the birefringence of the optical fiber when wound around the bobbin is This is almost the same as the magnitude of the birefringence of the optical fiber after the optical cable.
- the PMD of the optical fiber after conversion to an optical cable can be estimated.
- An optical fiber which can be provided.
- L after conversion into an optical cable is mainly due to the birefringence inside the optical fiber and the optical fiber cable.
- the present method can be applied.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-208998 discloses a method of winding an optical fiber so that the PMD of the optical fiber wound around the bobbin and the PMD of the optical fiber placed in a free state coincide with each other. I have. However, as mentioned above, the free-standing optical fiber The method of changing the PMD of the optical fiber wound on the bobbin changes depending on the birefringence inside the optical fiber. Can not determine.
- the effect is smaller than the effect obtained by the present invention.
- an optical fiber that can determine whether the optical cable satisfies the PMD standard after being formed into an optical cable while being wound around a bobbin.
- the birefringence after optical capping is obtained. It can be seen that the refraction is smaller than the internal birefringence allowed by the standard of the optical fiber.
- this optical fiber can be used. It is possible to determine whether or not the optical cable meets the PMD standard.
- the maximum value of the internal birefringence allowed in the optical fiber standard is calculated using the above formulas (1) and (3) from the specified upper limit of PMD and the average coupling length of the optical fiber cable. It can be calculated.
- the radius R of the bobbin satisfies the relationship of the following equation (4).
- B ′ is the maximum value of the internal birefringence allowed in the standard of the optical fiber.
- the bobbin has a structure capable of temporarily relaxing the tension on the optical fiber, the effect of birefringence generated inside the optical fiber due to the tension can be removed, which is preferable. .
- the present method can measure the beat length in the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber, it can be specified even when there is a portion where the beat length is short partially. Then, by using the method of the present invention to identify a portion where the beat length of the optical fiber is partially shortened, it is possible to identify the cause and improve the manufacturing process for the first time. As a result, it is possible to provide an optical fiber capable of obtaining a good PMD for all optical fiber cables even after the optical fiber is split in the optical cable connecting process.
- the PMD of the optical fiber is preferably equal to or less than 0.1 IpsZ km. Also, since the transmission path is composed of a plurality of optical fibers, at least The entire transmission path is required to have a PMD of 0.1 IpsZ km or less. Inventor strengthWhen we investigated using a combination of optical fibers and optical fiber cables with various structures, we found that if optical fibers with a beat length of 15 m or more after optical cable connection were combined into one transmission line, The PMD of the entire transmission line was reduced to less than 0.1 IpsZ km.
- the beat length measured using the method of the present invention is preferably 15 m or more, more preferably 30 m or more.
- the optical fiber to be measured before being cabled was wound 3000 m around a bobbin with a diameter of 300 mm and a tension of 20 gf.
- L was 3
- the optical fiber to be measured before being cabled was wound 3000 m around a bobbin with a diameter of 300 mm and a tension of 20 gf.
- L was measured by P-OTDR measurement, L was 25 m.
- L is approximately 73 m from the above equation (3).
- the optical fiber to be measured was wound 3000 m with a tension of 20 gf around a bobbin with a diameter of 300 mm and P-OTDR measurement was performed using an OTDR with a resolution of 2 m.
- L is approximately 150
- the PMD after cabling the measured optical fiber could be estimated to be 1.67 ps / ⁇ km.
- the PMD was 1.60 psZ km, indicating that the estimation was correct.
- L is the same as that used in Example 1.
- a 30m 3000m optical fiber was prepared, and this optical fiber was wound around a 300mm diameter bobbin with a tension of 20gf.
- L 85 m.
- the PMD of the optical fiber after the optical cable connection was estimated to be 0.05 psZ km.
- the PMD of this optical fiber after conversion to an optical cable could be estimated to be 0.1 IpsZ km.
- the PMD is!, The deviation is 0.05 psZ km, and the PMD can be accurately estimated from the beat length when wound around a bobbin with a tension of 20 gf. Although it did, PMD could not be estimated from the beat length when wound around a bobbin with a tension of 70 gf.
- the PMD of the optical fiber of the optical fiber cable is desirably 0.1 lps / ⁇ km or less.
- optical fiber of the same kind as the optical fiber described in Example 1 and having a length of 3000 m was prepared, and this optical fiber was wound around a bobbin having a diameter of 300 mm with a tension of 20 gf, and L was set using a P-OTDR.
- both PMDs were 0.06 ps / km, which was less than 0.0 IpsZ km.
- this optical fiber when this optical fiber is wound around a bobbin with a diameter of 300 mm with a tension of 20 gf, the magnitude of the birefringence induced by winding the bobbin is larger than the internal birefringence allowed by the fiber standard. It was confirmed that the optical fiber satisfies the PMD standard after the optical cable was wound with the optical fiber wound around the bobbin. If this optical fiber is wound around a 150 mm diameter bobbin with a tension of 70 gf while being pressed, it cannot be confirmed that the optical fiber satisfies the PMD standard after being wrapped around the bobbin after the optical cable connection. Helped.
- this optical fiber is wound around a bobbin with a radius of 0.07 m or more, and the L force at that time is 15 m or less.
- optical fiber of the same kind as the optical fiber described in Example 1 and having a length of 3000m was prepared, this optical fiber was wound around a bobbin having a diameter of 300mm with a tension of 20gf, and L was measured by P-OTDR.
- the optical fiber was wound around a bobbin having a diameter of 100 mm with a tension of 20 gf, and the length was measured by P-OTDR to be 7 m.
- the PMD was both 0.06 ps / km and less than 0.0 IpsZ km.
- optical fiber of the same type as the optical fiber described in Example 1 and having a length of 10,000 m was prepared. This optical fiber was wound around a 300 mm-diameter bobbin with a tension of lOOgf, and L was measured with a P-OTDR.
- the bobbin around which the optical fiber is wound has a structure capable of relaxing the tension. Therefore, when the tension was temporarily relaxed and the same measurement was performed, the distance between Om and 9000m was 25m. Between 9000m and 10,000m, the L force was 10m.
- the inventor has determined that the beat length required to achieve a PMD of 0.1 IpsZ km or less as a whole transmission line using a combination of optical finos and optical fiber cables of various structures, and the individual optical fibers The beat length required to achieve a PMD of less than 0. IpsZ km with the cable was investigated. As a result, when an optical fiber having a beat length of 15 m or more after optical cable connection was connected, a PMD of less than 0.1 IpsZ km could be achieved for the entire transmission line. For optical fibers with a beat length of 30 m or more when used as optical fiber cables, the PMD was less than 0.1 IpsZ km for all individual optical fibers.
- the beat length when wound on a bobbin is preferably 15 m or more, and if the beat length when wound on a bobbin is 30 m or more, the type of optical fiber cable Regardless, the PMD after conversion to an optical cable can be reduced to 0.1 IpsZ km or less.
- the average value of the MD was 0.05 psZ km.
- the average value of the PMD of the optical fiber having a beat length of 30 m or more when wound on a bobbin after conversion to an optical cable is 0.015 psZ km. No optical fiber cables with a PMD exceeding 0.1 IpsZ km after the conversion.
- the average value of the PMD of the optical fiber having the PMD of 0.0 IpsZ km or less after being wound around the bobbin after being converted into an optical cable is 0.09 psZ km, which is worse than that of the seventh embodiment. It was much smaller than ⁇ km.
- the MD was 0.1 llpsZ ⁇ km, which was greater than 0.1 IpsZ km.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of the optical fiber according to the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an optical fiber
- reference numeral 2 denotes a core portion
- reference numeral 3 denotes a clad portion.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the structure of the optical fiber core wire.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an optical fiber
- reference numeral 4 denotes a primary coating
- reference numeral 5 denotes a secondary coating.
- Primary coating 4 and secondary coating 5 Construct a protective layer for protecting Aiva 1.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of the optical fiber cable according to the present invention.
- reference numeral 20 is an optical fiber cable (loose tube type)
- reference numeral 10 is an optical fiber core wire
- reference numeral 11 is a tension menno
- reference numeral 12 is a loose tube
- reference numerals 13 and 14 are jerry
- reference numeral 15 is a presser winding
- reference numeral 17 Indicates a sheath.
- the method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion of an optical fiber it is possible to estimate the PMD of the optical fiber after the optical cable is wound while the optical fiber is wound around a transport bobbin.
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04792774A EP1698919A4 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-21 | OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD OF MEASURING THE DIFFUSION OF THE POLARIZATION MODE OF THE OPTICAL FIBER |
JP2005514867A JP4388018B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-21 | 光ファイバおよび光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定方法 |
US11/405,407 US7298934B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2006-04-18 | Optical fiber and method of measuring polarization mode dispersion of optical fiber |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003361812 | 2003-10-22 | ||
JP2003-361812 | 2003-10-22 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/405,407 Continuation US7298934B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2006-04-18 | Optical fiber and method of measuring polarization mode dispersion of optical fiber |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005038425A1 true WO2005038425A1 (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
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PCT/JP2004/015625 WO2005038425A1 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-21 | 光ファイバおよび光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7298934B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1698919A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4388018B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100868373B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100538310C (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2339982C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005038425A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006017477A (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Fujikura Ltd | 光ファイバおよび光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定方法 |
JP2008096147A (ja) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-24 | Anritsu Corp | 光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定装置および測定方法 |
JP2008304779A (ja) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-18 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光ファイバケーブル |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1698919A4 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2007-08-15 | Fujikura Ltd | OPTICAL FIBER AND METHOD OF MEASURING THE DIFFUSION OF THE POLARIZATION MODE OF THE OPTICAL FIBER |
US7283691B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2007-10-16 | Verizon Business Global Llc | Methods and systems for controlling fiber polarization mode dispersion (PMD) |
JP4781746B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-14 | 2011-09-28 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバの複屈折測定方法及び測定装置及び光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定方法 |
CN101968562B (zh) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-23 | 上海电信工程有限公司 | 应用偏振模色散模块的城市管道通信光缆不中断割接方法 |
CN104006950B (zh) * | 2014-06-12 | 2016-06-08 | 天津大学 | 一种保偏光纤双折射色散测量方法 |
CN104280213B (zh) * | 2014-09-23 | 2017-12-22 | 中天科技光纤有限公司 | 一种光纤测试设备集成系统的操作方法 |
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2004
- 2004-10-21 EP EP04792774A patent/EP1698919A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-10-21 RU RU2006113195/28A patent/RU2339982C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-21 JP JP2005514867A patent/JP4388018B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-21 WO PCT/JP2004/015625 patent/WO2005038425A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-10-21 CN CNB2004800306859A patent/CN100538310C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-21 KR KR1020067007664A patent/KR100868373B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-04-18 US US11/405,407 patent/US7298934B2/en active Active
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006017477A (ja) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Fujikura Ltd | 光ファイバおよび光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定方法 |
JP2008096147A (ja) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-24 | Anritsu Corp | 光ファイバの偏波モード分散測定装置および測定方法 |
JP2008304779A (ja) * | 2007-06-08 | 2008-12-18 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光ファイバケーブル |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7298934B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 |
EP1698919A4 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
JPWO2005038425A1 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
CN100538310C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
KR20060069512A (ko) | 2006-06-21 |
RU2006113195A (ru) | 2007-10-27 |
JP4388018B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
CN1871502A (zh) | 2006-11-29 |
KR100868373B1 (ko) | 2008-11-12 |
RU2339982C2 (ru) | 2008-11-27 |
US20060192942A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
EP1698919A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
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