WO2005037325A1 - リポソーム含有x線造影剤およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リポソーム含有x線造影剤およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005037325A1 WO2005037325A1 PCT/JP2004/005261 JP2004005261W WO2005037325A1 WO 2005037325 A1 WO2005037325 A1 WO 2005037325A1 JP 2004005261 W JP2004005261 W JP 2004005261W WO 2005037325 A1 WO2005037325 A1 WO 2005037325A1
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- ribosome
- contrast agent
- compound
- ray contrast
- membrane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
- A61K49/0433—X-ray contrast preparations containing an organic halogenated X-ray contrast-enhancing agent
- A61K49/0447—Physical forms of mixtures of two different X-ray contrast-enhancing agents, containing at least one X-ray contrast-enhancing agent which is a halogenated organic compound
- A61K49/0461—Dispersions, colloids, emulsions or suspensions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
- A61K49/0433—X-ray contrast preparations containing an organic halogenated X-ray contrast-enhancing agent
- A61K49/0438—Organic X-ray contrast-enhancing agent comprising an iodinated group or an iodine atom, e.g. iopamidol
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an X-ray contrast agent and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, to an X-ray contrast agent containing a ribosome containing a contrast substance therein and a method for producing the same.
- X-ray plain and CT are at the core of today's diagnostic imaging.
- High-contrast images can be easily obtained from so-called hard tissues such as bones and teeth because they absorb X-rays well.
- hard tissues such as bones and teeth because they absorb X-rays well.
- contrast agent it is difficult to obtain a high contrast image because the difference in X-ray absorption between soft tissues is small. In such a case, it is common to use a contrast agent to obtain a high-contrast image.
- X-ray contrast agents that are currently in practical use are those that contain a water-soluble compound containing a trodophenyl group as a contrast agent. These contrast agents are administered to luminal sites such as blood vessels, ureters, and oviducts, and are used for diagnosis of luminal shape, stenosis, and the like.
- luminal sites such as blood vessels, ureters, and oviducts
- these conjugates are rapidly excreted from the luminal site without interaction with the tissue or diseased site, so that the purpose of diagnosing the tissue or the diseased site, particularly the cancer tissue, in more detail. Is useless. Therefore, there is a need for an X-ray contrast agent that selectively accumulates at a target tissue or disease site and provides an image that can be clearly distinguished from the surrounding or other sites.
- X-ray inspection like that With a contrast agent for use, it is possible to accurately detect even a fine cancer tissue.
- Test methods developed for tumor detection include not only radiography but also other methods that use different measurement principles. Among them, MR I (magnetic resonance imaging) has a limit in terms of sensitivity for accurately capturing cancer tissue, especially minute cancer tissue, and PET (positron emission tomography) has a problem of exposure and operating cost. These methods are not common in all respects, all require large-scale equipment and expensive equipment, and are not currently widely used inspection methods.
- a method for forming a contrast agent into fine particles a method of encapsulating a contrast-enhancing compound in a liposome composed of a lipid similar to a biological membrane and considered to be highly safe due to low antigenicity is also being studied.
- International Publications WO 88/09165, WO 89/00988, WO 90/07491, JP-A-07-316079, and JP-A-2003-5596 propose ribosomes containing an ionic or non-ionic contrast agent. ing.
- Patent Document 1 a water-soluble iodine compound is encapsulated in ribosomes, and the amount of the iodine compound in the ribosome is increased to 1.5 to 6 g / g with respect to the amount of lipid.
- lipid-soluble drugs are easily encapsulated in ribosomes, but their encapsulation amount is not always so large because it depends on other factors.
- drugs that are water-soluble electrolytes can be encapsulated in the aqueous phase inside the liposome through the interaction between the charge of the drug and the charge of the charged lipid, but when the drug is a water-soluble non-electrolyte, such No means can be taken.
- X-ray contrast agents it is generally desired to encapsulate nonionic oxide compounds having substantially lower toxicity than ionic contrast compounds in liposomes, but this is not easy for the above reasons.
- the formed liposomes tend to be multi-layered, and the iodine compound encapsulation rate is low, resulting in poor efficiency.
- Means for efficiently encapsulating such a water-soluble non-electrolyte in ribosomes include a reverse phase evaporation method and an ether injection method, but the use of an organic solvent still poses a safety problem.
- JP-A-2003-119120 discloses a method for producing ribosome-containing cosmetics and skin external preparations using supercritical carbon dioxide, and discloses hydrophilic medicinal ingredients and lipophilic drugs.
- a production example of a skin external preparation containing an active ingredient in ribosomes is shown.
- a water-soluble electrolyte is shown as a lyophilic medicinal component, it was unclear whether the method could efficiently incorporate a water-soluble non-electrolyte into ribosomes.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray contrast agent having high delivery efficiency and selectivity by encapsulating a contrast substance in liposomes. More specifically, an X-ray contrast agent that encapsulates a water-soluble and nonionic iodine compound in liposomes without using a toxic organic solvent, and is capable of detecting minute cancer tissues and has excellent tumor depiction properties It is another object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method thereof.
- the present invention for solving the above problems has the following configuration.
- the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is characterized by containing a liposome containing a water-soluble and nonionic iodine-based compound, and substantially containing no chlorinated solvent.
- the liposome is characterized in that it is a ribosome formed by mixing a phospholipid with supercritical carbon dioxide or subcritical carbon dioxide and contacting a water-soluble and nonionic iodine compound with the phospholipid. I have.
- the ribosome is substantially a monolayer ribosome.
- the above-mentioned oxide compound has at least one 2,4,6-tridophenyl group. Preferably.
- the ribosome has an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.5 / ⁇ .
- the ribosome preferably has an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.22 / ⁇ .
- the liposome has an average particle size of 0.11 to 0.13 ⁇ m.
- the ribosome Okishiechiren units of PEG 10-3500 may be a PEG ribosomal comprising 0.1 to 30 weight 0/0 for lipid constituting the ribosome.
- the ribosome is preferably passed through a filtration membrane having a pore size of preferably 0.1 to 0.4 / m.
- the ribosome preferably contains the iodine compound in a weight ratio of 1 to: 10 based on the weight of the membrane lipid.
- the ribosome contains the iodine compound at a weight ratio of 3 to 8 with respect to the ribosome membrane lipid.
- the ribosome contains the iodine compound at a weight ratio of 5 to 8 with respect to the ribosome membrane lipid.
- the iodo compound encapsulated in the ribosome is 5 to 30 mass of the total iodo compound. / 0 .
- the ribosome preferably contains at least one compound selected from compound sterols having a polyalkylene oxide blockage in its lipid membrane, and preferably contains the iodine compound in an aqueous phase in the lipid membrane. .
- the ribosome preferably contains a polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipid in its lipid membrane, and contains the iodine compound in an aqueous phase in the lipid membrane.
- the ribosome contains poly (ethylene oxide) and polypropylene oxide on its lipid membrane.
- the iodine compound may be contained in the aqueous phase in the lipid membrane containing a block copolymer with SID.
- the ribosome contains an iodine compound and a formulation auxiliary agent both in an aqueous phase in the lipid membrane and in an aqueous medium in which the ribosome is dispersed, and has substantially the same concentration inside and outside the liposome membrane. Preferably, there is.
- the formulation aid is a compound selected from at least one of a water-soluble amine buffer and a chelating agent.
- the water-soluble amine buffer is trometamol.
- the chelating agent is preferably EDTANa 2 —Ca.
- the production method of the present invention comprises mixing a liposome-forming phospholipid with a supercritical diacid carbon or a subcritical diacid carbon to convert a water-soluble and nonionic iodine compound into a phospholipid. This is a method for producing an X-ray contrast agent having ribosomes formed by contact.
- the liposome-forming phospholipid is mixed with supercritical carbon dioxide or subcritical carbon dioxide, and a water-soluble and non-ionic aqueous solution of an oxidic compound is introduced. It is preferable to form the ribosome by discharging the carbon dioxide.
- the pressure of the carbon dioxide is desirably 50 to 500 kg / cm 2 .
- the temperature of the carbon dioxide is preferably 25 to 200 ° C.
- the above production method comprises supercritically combining at least one compound selected from a polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipid, a compound having a polyalkylene oxide group, a compound having a polyethylene glycol group, and a sterol as a ribosome membrane component with a phospholipid.
- a aqueous solution of an iodide compound is introduced, carbon dioxide is discharged, and an iodine compound is contained inside.
- liposomes are formed, and the ribosome is passed through a filtration membrane having a pore size of 0.1 to 0.4 / zm.
- the above-mentioned production method comprises, as a ribosome membrane component, at least one compound selected from polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipids and sterols together with phospholipids.
- a ribosome membrane component at least one compound selected from polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipids and sterols together with phospholipids.
- an aqueous solution containing at least an iodine compound and a formulation auxiliary is introduced, carbon dioxide is discharged, and the formed ribosome is further reduced to 0.:!
- the liposome is characterized by forming a liposome containing the iodine compound and the formulation auxiliary at substantially the same concentration inside and outside the membrane through a filtration membrane having a pore size of about 0.4 ⁇ .
- Imaging compound the ribosome, and the X-ray contrast agent.
- the water-soluble iodine-based compound in the present invention is not particularly limited irrespective of ionicity or nonionicity as long as it has a contrast property.
- nonionic iodine compounds have a lower osmotic pressure than ionic iodine compounds and are more desirable.
- a nonionic iodine compound containing phenyl iodide and having at least one 2,4,6-triiodophenyl group is suitable.
- nonionic iodine-based compounds include i-hexol, iopento ⁇ , iodixanol ⁇ ⁇ , iopromide, iodoperan, iomeprol, ⁇ , ⁇ -bis [2-hydroxyl-1 1- (Hydroxymethyl) -ethyl] 1-5- [C (2-hydroxy-l-oxo-propyl) 1-amino] 1,2,4,6-triode-1,3-benzene-dicarboxyamide (Iopamidol); Metrizamide, etc. Is mentioned.
- iodine compounds include diatrizoic acid; diatrizoate sodium Pem; meglumine diatrizoate; acetrizonic acid and its soluble salts; diprotrizoic acid; iodamide, ojipadamide sodium, meglumino dipamide, eodohippuric acid and its soluble salts; eodometamic acid; Dopiracet iodo-2-pyridone-1 N-acetic acid, 3,5-jodo-14-pyridone-1N-acetic acid (eodopiraset); getylammonium salt of the above acid; iotharamic acid; metrizoic acid and Fossing such salts; iopanoic acid, iocephamic acid, iofenoic acid and their soluble salts; tyropanoetonium, iopodatonium and other similar iodinated compounds. Can be.
- the compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the invention is not limited to the example.
- the compound in addition to the free form, may include its salt, hydrate and the like.
- Examples of the iodine-based compound suitable for the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention include iomeprol, iopamidol, iotrolan, and iodixanol, which are highly hydrophilic and do not have a high osmotic pressure even at a high concentration.
- dimer nonionic iodide compounds such as iotran and iodixanol have the advantage of further lowering the osmotic pressure even when a contrast medium having the same concentration of the compound is prepared, because the number of moles of the enantiomer is low.
- the concentration of the water-soluble iodine compound in the contrast agent of the present invention can be arbitrarily set based on various factors such as the properties of the contrast compound, the intended administration route of the preparation, and clinical indicators.
- the amount of Youdo compounds enclosed within the ribosome, 5-95 wt% of the typical all Youdo compound in X-ray contrast agent is preferably 5 to 90 mass 0/0, more preferably 5 to 70 mass %.
- the amount of the iodine compound encapsulated in the ribosome is preferably 5 to 30% by mass of the total iodine compound, Is 5-25 %, More preferably 5 to 20% by mass.
- Te X-ray contrast agent odor if 5 to 30% by weight proportion of the total Youdo compound encapsulated in ribosomes (good Mashiku 5 to 25 weight 0/0), the remaining 70 to 95% by weight ( (Preferably 75 to 95% by mass) flowing out into the aqueous dispersion outside the liposome where it is present can be substantially ignored. Therefore, the iodine compound can be encapsulated to sufficiently prevent destabilization due to the osmotic effect of the ribosome, and the retention stability of the contrast agent in the liposome is improved.
- the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is used in the form of being encapsulated in a liposome as a microcarrier in order to selectively and efficiently deliver the above-described contrast compound to a target site such as a target organ or tissue.
- the contrast agent of the present invention improves retention in blood by using liposomes having improved blood stability, and achieves targeting especially for efficient drug delivery.
- EPR Enhanced permeability and retention
- the ribosome structure must be stabilized. It is required to have characteristics such as stability in blood and retention in blood, after improving the carrier stability of the carrier, which is called retention stability.
- the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention can realize a targeting function by appropriately designing the particle size (particle size) of the ribosome containing the contrast compound and its bilayer membrane. Both passive and active targeting are considered.
- the former can control its biological behavior by adjusting ribosome particle size, lipid composition, and charge. Adjustment to make the liposome particle size within a narrow range is easily performed based on the method described later.
- the design of the ribosome membrane surface Desired characteristics can be imparted by changing the type, composition and coexisting substance.
- the use of active targeting, which allows for a higher concentration and selectivity of the contrast agent, should also be considered.
- a ribosome suitable for the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is a ribosome that is modified to add a polyalkylene oxide or PEG to its surface, so that its retention in blood is further enhanced, and the reticuloendothelial system such as liver is used. It is a ribosome that is hardly phagocytosed by cells. X-ray contrast agents that do not reach cancer tissues or diseased sites do not accumulate in normal sites, but are degraded and excreted outside the body by degrading liposomes before they develop side effects.
- the contrast medium uses a water-soluble iodine compound, it is rapidly excreted in the urine via the kidney. Therefore, the harmful effects of staying in the body and delayed side effects can be prevented.
- Ribosomes are usually formed from lipid bilayers.
- phospholipids and Z or glycolipids are preferably used as components of the lipid membrane.
- Preferred neutral phospholipids in the ribosome of the present invention include lecithin and lysolecithin obtained from soybeans, egg yolks and the like, or hydrogenated products thereof, and derivatives of hydroxylamine.
- phospholipids such as those derived from egg yolk, soy or other animals and plants, or semi-synthetic phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylyl Nositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidic acid obtained by synthesis, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), dimyristolyphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dioleylphosphatidyl Colin (D0PC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG), distearyl phosphatidylserine (DSPS), distearoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DSP G), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylinositol (DPPI), distearoyl phosphatidyl
- phospholipids are usually used alone, but may be used in combination of two or more. However, when two or more kinds of charged phospholipids are used, it is preferable to use them between negatively charged phospholipids or between positively charged phospholipids from the viewpoint of preventing liposome aggregation.
- the weight ratio is usually 200: 1 to 3: 1, preferably 100: 1 to 4: 1, and more preferably 40: 1 to 5 :. 1
- glycolipids examples include glycerolipids such as digalatatosyl diglyceride and galactosyl diglyceride sulfate, sphingos such as galatatosylceramide, galactosylceramide sulfate, ratatosylceramide, gandarioside G7, gandarioside G6, and ganglioside G4. Glycolipids and the like can be mentioned.
- glycerolipids such as digalatatosyl diglyceride and galactosyl diglyceride sulfate
- sphingos such as galatatosylceramide, galactosylceramide sulfate, ratatosylceramide
- Glycolipids and the like can be mentioned.
- sterols acting as membrane stabilizers such as cholesterol, dihydrocholesterol, cholesterol oleestenole, phytosterolone, sitosterol, sigmasterol, campesterolone, cholesterol , Lanosterol or 2,4-dihydrolanosterol.
- sterol derivatives such as 1-O-sterol darcoside, 11-O-sterol maltoside or 1-sterol galactoside are effective in stabilizing ribosomes (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-245357). Of these, cholesterol is particularly preferred.
- the amount of the sterol used is 0.05 to 1.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.2 to 1 part by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 0.8 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of the phospholipid. desirable. If the amount is less than 0.05 part by weight, stabilization by sterols for improving the dispersibility of the mixed lipid will not be exhibited, and if the amount is more than 2 parts by weight, the liposome formation is inhibited. Become.
- Cholesterol in the liposome membrane can also serve as an anchor for the introduction of the polyalkylene oxide.
- a cholesterol to be included in the membrane as a ribosome membrane component may be linked with a polyalkylene oxide group via a linker, if necessary.
- a linker a short-chain alkylene group, oxyalkylene group or the like is used.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-3093 discloses a novel cholesterol syrup that can efficiently immobilize various functional substances at the end of a polyoxyalkylene chain by covalent bonds and can be used as a liposome-forming component.
- a conductor is disclosed.
- Other compounds that can be added include aliphatic amines such as stearylamine as compounds that give a positive charge, such as dialkyl phosphate and dicetyl phosphate, which is a negatively charged substance.
- a phospholipid or a compound having a polyalkylene oxide (PAO) group or a similar group is used to form a liposome membrane depending on the intended purpose of an X-ray contrast agent. It may be used as a component.
- PAO polyalkylene oxide
- a method to solve the instability of the ribosome itself, such as collapse and aggregation was to use polyethylene daricol (PEG), a polymer chain on the liposome surface.
- PEG polyethylene daricol
- a new function can be imparted to the liposome.
- PEGylated ribosomes can be expected to have the effect of being hardly recognized by the immune system (in a so-called “stealthized” state).
- ribosomes have a hydrophilic tendency to increase blood stability and maintain blood concentration over a long period of time (Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1066, 29-36 (1991). )).
- X-ray contrast agents can also be given organ specificity. Specifically, since lipid components tend to accumulate in the liver, it is desirable not to use PEG or to use ribosomes with a low PEG content when aiming for selective imaging of the liver. When the particle size is increased to 200 nm or more, the likelihood of being rapidly taken up by the phagocytosis of liver Kupffer cells increases, and accumulates at the site in the liver. In liver cancer imaging, the amount of Kupffer cells in the cancer tissue is smaller than that in normal tissue, so the uptake of the contrast agent ribosome is relatively small and the contrast becomes clear. The same applies to the spleen.
- the use of PEG-liposome liposomes is recommended because the introduction of PEG can make the liposome stealthy and make it difficult to collect in the liver and the like. Since the hydration layer is formed by the introduction of PEG, the ribosome is stabilized and the retention in blood is also improved.
- the function can be adjusted by appropriately changing the length of the oxyethylene unit of PEG and the ratio of PEG to be introduced.
- PEG polyethylene glycol having 10 to 3500 oxyethylene units is preferred.
- the amount of using PEG is from 0.1 to 30 mass 0/0 for lipid constituting the ribosome, and it is preferably comprise about 1 to 15 wt%.
- a ribosome may be prepared by mixing an anchor (for example, cholesterol) to which PEG binds with a phospholipid which is a membrane component, and activating PEG may be bound to the anchor. Since the polyethylene glycol group introduced on the ribosome surface does not react with the “functional substance” described later, it is difficult to immobilize the “functional substance” on such a ribosome surface.
- PEG with some modification at the PEG tip can be bound to phospholipids and included as a ribosome component to produce ribosomes.
- AO polyalkylene oxide groups
- AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- n is an average number of added moles of the oxyalkylene group
- Y represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a functional functional group.
- Examples of the oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms include, for example, an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, an oxytrimethylene group, an oxytetramethylene group, an oxyethylethylene group, and an oxyalkylene group. , 2-dimethylethylene group And the like.
- These oxyalkylene groups are groups obtained by addition polymerization of alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, oxetane, 1-butene oxide, 2-butene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran.
- n is a positive number of 1 to 2000, preferably 10 to 500, and more preferably 20 to 200.
- the types of the oxyalkylene groups may be the same or different. In the latter case, they may be added in a random manner or in a block form.
- AO is a single addition of ethylenoxide, and in this case, n is preferably 10 or more.
- alkylene O dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene Okishido 2 0 mole 0/0 or more, preferably not to demand that has mosquito ⁇ dated 0 mol% or more.
- a ribosome containing a block copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a functional functional group.
- alkyl group include an optionally branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Functional functional groups are used to attach “functional substances” such as sugars, glycoproteins, antibodies, lectins, and cell adhesion factors to the ends of polyalkylene oxide chains. For example, amino groups, oxycarbonimidazole groups And highly reactive functional groups such as N-hydroxysuccinimide group.
- the ribosome to which a polyalkylene oxide chain having a “functional substance” bonded at its tip is immobilized has the effect of introducing a polyalkylene oxide chain and has a “functionality” without being disturbed by the polyalkylene oxide chain.
- Function of a substance for example, a recognition element
- the phospholipid or compound having a polyalkylene oxide group one type can be used alone, or two or more types can be used in combination. Its content is the total amount of liposome membrane forming components, from 0.001 to 50 mol%, preferably from 0.01 to 25 mol 0/0, more preferably from 0.1 to 10 mole 0/0. If it is less than 0.001 mole 0/0 decreased the effect to be expected.
- an ribosome may be prepared by mixing an anchor (such as cholesterol) to which a polyalkylene oxide is bound with a phospholipid which is a membrane component, and the activated polyalkylene oxide may be bound to the ribosome.
- an anchor such as cholesterol
- the activated polyalkylene oxide may be bound to the ribosome.
- ribosomes may be prepared by including a phospholipid polyalkylene oxide (PEO) derivative or the like in advance in the starting phospholipids.
- PEO phospholipid polyalkylene oxide
- a modified phospholipid represented by the following formula, which is suitable for the method, has been proposed (JP-A-7-165770).
- RR 2 is an alkyl group having 2 to 29 carbon atoms
- M is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium
- AO, n and Y are as described above.
- JP-A-2002-137883 discloses a high-purity polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipid for producing a water-soluble polymer-modified ribosome having improved retention in blood. It is described that, when such a ribosome is prepared, when the monoacyl compound content is low! / And a polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipid is used, the stability of the ribosome dispersion over time is good.
- ribosomes dissolve lipid components such as phospholipids, sterols and lecithins almost without exception in an organic solvent, such as octanol form, dichloromethane, ethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, dioxane, THF, etc. It is prepared by mixing. In particular, chlorinated solvents are often used. Such ribosome preparations always contain organic solvents.
- ribosome preparation method using supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide, which can avoid the above-mentioned problems because an organic solvent, particularly a chlorinated organic solvent is not used, is used.
- the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.1 ° C
- the critical pressure is 75.3 k ⁇ cm 2
- it is relatively easy to handle It is preferable because it can be easily obtained.
- ribosomes produced by this method have various preferable properties and advantages for including an iodine compound as an X-ray contrast agent as described later.
- solubilizers When preparing liposomes using supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide, it is necessary to dissolve, disperse, or mix the above lipid membrane components in diacid carbon in a supercritical state (including subcritical state). It becomes. At this time, it is preferable to use one or more alcohols such as lower alcohols, glycols, and daricol ethers as solubilizers in order to further improve the solubility of the lipid membrane component.
- alcohols may be used as cosolvents in a proportion of 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 1 to 8% by mass of supercritical carbon dioxide.
- a more preferred solubilizer is ethanol from the viewpoint of safety.
- the temperature of carbon dioxide in a supercritical state (including a subcritical state) used in the production method of the present invention is usually 25 to 200 ° C, preferably 31 to 100 ° (:, more preferably 35 to 80 ° C.
- Suitable pressures are usually in the range from 50 to 500 kg m 2 , preferably from 100 to 400 kg m 2 , particularly preferably from 90 to 150 kg / cm 2 .
- a preferred method for preparing the ribosome used in the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is specifically performed as follows. Liquid carbon dioxide is added to the pressure vessel to bring it to a supercritical or subcritical state at the above preferred pressures and temperatures. Supercritical (or Dissolve or disperse phospholipids and lipid membrane stabilizing substances as liposome membrane components in carbon dioxide in a subcritical state.
- the membrane lipid component at least one of the above phospholipids is preferably selected from the group consisting of ionic phospholipids, polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipids, compounds having a polyalkylene oxide group, compounds having a polyethylene glycol group, sterols, and daricols. Mix and dissolve with the selected compound.
- liquid carbon dioxide is added to a pressure vessel to which these compounds have been previously added, and then the mixture is adjusted to a supercritical state by adjusting the temperature and pressure.
- Bow I An aqueous solution containing a nonionic iodine compound and, if necessary, a formulation aid described below is added to supercritical carbon dioxide containing phospholipids and lipid membrane stabilizing substances formed continuously.
- the side to be added and the side to be added may be reversed.
- an aqueous dispersion in which liposomes containing an iodine compound are dispersed is generated.
- an iodine compound may be contained in an aqueous phase other than the inside of the ribosome.
- the iodine compound exists mainly in the aqueous phase inside the ribosome in addition to the external aqueous phase of the liposome, and is in a so-called “encapsulated” state. Further, the liposome is passed through a filtration membrane having a pore size of 0.1 to 0.4 ⁇ .
- the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is prepared through a preparation process such as sterilization treatment and packaging.
- the liposome preparation method using supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide has a higher ribosome generation rate, encapsulation rate of the encapsulated substance, and retention rate of the encapsulated substance in the ribosome than the conventional method (See Patent Document 3 above). Furthermore, the method can be applied on an industrial scale, and the non-ionic and water-soluble substance can be efficiently encapsulated in ribosomes without using an organic solvent. It is a useful method for the preparation of an agent. In addition, “substantially” means that the upper limit of the concentration in the contrast agent is It means 10 ⁇ g / L.
- the ribosome contained in the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is preferably a substantially single-layer liposome, that is, a ribosome composed of a membrane (unilamellar vesicle) in which a phospholipid bilayer forms one layer.
- substantially means a phospholipid bilayer whose repli- cation force is recognized as almost one layer in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation by the following freeze-fracture replica method. It means that the liposome is composed. That is, a film having no step in the traces of the particles left on the observed carbon film is determined to be a single film, and a film having two or more steps is determined to be a “multilayer film”.
- a monolamellar ribosome is contained in at least 80%, preferably 90% or more of the total ribosome amount contained in the contrast agent.
- Such a monolayer ribosome can be efficiently produced by using the above-mentioned supercritical or subcritical carbon dioxide as a solvent for lipids and by a phase separation method using water.
- ribosomes composed of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) of various sizes and forms often exist in a considerable proportion. Therefore, in order to increase the ratio of single-walled ribosomes, it was necessary to further perform an operation such as passing through a filter having a constant pore size and a force for irradiating ultrasonic waves.
- Single-membrane ribosomes also have the advantage that compared to MLV, the amount of ribosome administered, in other words, the amount of lipid administered does not increase.
- Unilamellar ribosomes in particular LUVs (Large unilamellar veislcles), which are large unilamellar ribosomes, have the advantage of providing a larger encapsulation capacity than multilayer ribosomes.
- the ribosome used for the contrast agent of this effort is LUV with a particle size of 200 to 1000 nm, and SUV, a small, monolayer ribosome with a particle size of less than 50 nm. (Small unilamellar vesicles).
- the retention volume is larger than that of the SUV, and the trapping efficiency of the water-soluble iodine compound, in other words, the encapsulation efficiency, is significantly improved as described later.
- MLV and LUV they are not taken up by reticuloendothelial cells and rapidly disappear from the bloodstream.
- the stability of the liposome is reduced if the weight of the iodine compound included is relatively large.
- a weak tendency was observed for a rapid change in ionic strength.
- the ribosome of the contrast agent of the present invention is adjusted to a relatively small particle size, and the ribosome membrane contains a compound having a polyalkylene oxide group (for example, a phospholipid) and / or sterols to stabilize the lipid membrane. I'm trying. The results showed that such ribosomes were stable against salt shock.
- the size and distribution of ribosome particles are closely related to the high blood retention, targeting, and delivery efficiency that the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention aims at.
- the particle size is measured by freezing a dispersion containing liposomes containing an oxide compound, depositing carbon on the crushed interface, and observing the carbon with an electron microscope (freezing crushing TEM method). be able to.
- the “average particle size” refers to a simple average of the diameters of the observed 20 contrast agent particles. Adjustment of the particle size can be performed under prescription or process conditions. For example, when the supercritical pressure is increased, the particle size of the formed ribosome decreases.
- filtration may be performed using a polycarbonate membrane, a cellulose-based membrane, or the like.
- the liposome having an optimal size of 0.5 // m or less as an average particle diameter of one membrane is passed through an eta-struder equipped with a filter having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 0.4 ⁇ as a filtration membrane. It can be efficiently prepared.
- extrusion filtration method For example, it is described in Biochim. Biophys. Acta Vol. 557, page 9, page (1979).
- Patent No. 2619037 describes that by eliminating liposomes having a particle size of 3000 nm or more, undesirable retention in lung capillaries is avoided.
- ribosomes in the 150-3000 nm size range are not necessarily tumorigenic.
- the average particle size of the liposome in the contrast agent of the present invention is usually 0.05 to 0.3 ⁇ ⁇ , preferably 0.05 to 0.3 m, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ , Particularly preferably, it is 0.05 to 0.13.
- the average particle size may be set appropriately according to the purpose of X-ray imaging. For example, for selective imaging of a tumor part, 110 to 130 nm is particularly preferable.
- the pores of the neovascular wall in solid cancer tissue are abnormally large compared to the pore size of the capillary wall window (fenestra) of normal tissue, which is less than 30 to 80 nm, and molecules of about 100 nm to about 200 nm. But it leaks out of the vessel wall. In other words, the EPR effect is due to the higher permeability of the neovascular wall in cancer tissue than the microvascular wall of normal tissue.
- the contrast agent that has leaked from the hole in the blood vessel wall does not return to the blood vessel and stays there for a long time because lymphatic vessels have not sufficiently developed around the pain cells. Since the EPR effect is a passive transport that uses the blood flow, the requirements for its effective expression are as follows: Blood retention must be improved. In other words, it is required that the contrast agent particles (ribosome particles containing an oxide compound) stay in the blood for a long time and pass through blood vessels near cancer cells many times. Since the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is not a particularly large particle, it is difficult to be captured by reticuloendothelial cells.
- ribosomes behave like erythrocytes, so to speak, they are not rapidly excreted via the kidneys, and when they are stealthy (masked), they are phagocytosed by reticuloendothelial endothelial cells. Nevertheless, stay relatively long in the bloodstream.
- the EPR effect inevitably enhances the transfer of the imaging compound to target organs and tissues, and achieves selective concentration and accumulation of the imaging agent in cancerous tissue.
- Increasing the tumor cell / normal cell accumulation ratio of the imaging compound enhances the contrast performance of the X-ray contrast agent. Such improved tumor delineation allows even the detection of micrometastatic cancer, which has been difficult to detect until now.
- the efficiency of the retention of the contrast substance by the ribosome is improved through the stabilization of the liposome structure and the stabilization of the inclusion of the contrast substance.
- the contrast agent of the present invention preferably contains at least an iodine compound and a formulation aid both in an aqueous phase inside the ribosome membrane and in an aqueous medium in which the liposome is dispersed.
- Each concentration is substantially the same.
- substantially means that, in normal cases, the concentrations are almost the same.
- the “formulation aid” is added together with the contrast agent in the formulation, and various substances are used based on the conventional contrast agent manufacturing technology.
- Various buffering agents specifically be physiologic acceptable, ED TA Na 2 - Ca, chelating I ⁇ such EDTA Na 2, if necessary, tonicity adjusting agents, stabilizers, antioxidants
- the agent include ⁇ -tocopherol, ascorbic acid, a viscosity modifier and the like.
- aqueous Sexamine buffer and chelating agent are included.
- an amine buffer and a carbonate buffer are preferably used, and an amine buffer is more preferable, and tromethamol is particularly preferable.
- the chelating agent is preferably EDTA Na 2 —Ca.
- the aqueous medium is a water-based solvent that dissolves iodine compounds, formulation auxiliaries, and the like.
- An aqueous solution (ie, an aqueous medium in which the liposome is dispersed) other than the aqueous phase (encapsulated aqueous solution) inside the ribosome membrane also contains at least an iodine-based compound and a formulation aid (eg, a water-soluble amine-based buffer). Chemicals, chelating agents, etc.). Therefore, no significant osmotic pressure difference occurs between the inside and outside of the membrane, thereby maintaining the structural stability of the liposome.
- the required amount of iodine to be delivered to the target organ that enables good contrast performance of X-ray imaging has been clarified (for example, Japanese Patent No. 2619037).
- the iodine compound is encapsulated in a microcarrier called ribosome as in the present invention
- the weight of the membrane lipid of the ribosome must be taken into consideration in addition to the delivery efficiency of the contrast agent and the retention stability. As the weight of the liposomal membrane lipid increases, the viscosity of the contrast agent increases.
- the amount of the iodine compound encapsulated in the ribosome is 1 to 10, preferably 3 to 8, more preferably 5 to 8, with respect to the weight of the ribosome membrane lipid in the aqueous solution encapsulated in the ribosome. It is desirable that they be contained in a weight ratio of.
- the X-ray contrast agent produced by the method of the present invention usually has an iodine content of 30 to 500 mgl / ml, preferably 100 to 500 mgl, at an assumed dosage of 10 to 300 ml of the formulation solution. / ml, more preferably in the range of 150-300 mg ml.
- the viscosity of the formulation solution of the present invention (as measured by the Offside method) at 37 ° C. is 20 mPa ⁇ s or less, preferably 18 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 15 mPa ⁇ s or less. . From the above, an example of a more preferable embodiment in which the contrast agent retention property of the tumor imaging liposome is particularly improved,
- a liposome having a lipid membrane wherein the liposome contains a compound having a polyalkylenoxide group (for example, a polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipid) and Z or sterols in the lipid membrane, and iodine is contained in an aqueous phase in the lipid membrane.
- a polyalkylenoxide group for example, a polyalkylene oxide-modified phospholipid
- Z or sterols in the lipid membrane
- iodine is contained in an aqueous phase in the lipid membrane.
- the ribosome is a monolamellar ribosome having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 ⁇ , containing an iodine compound in a weight ratio of 3 to 8 with respect to the weight of the lipid membrane, and further comprising a liposome.
- An X-ray contrast agent characterized in that the oxide compound encapsulated therein accounts for 5 to 25% by mass of the total oxide compound.
- the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention the time required for the ribosomes contained after administration in the body, In order to maintain stability, it is desirable to prepare the solution in the form of a solution or suspension isotonic to the osmotic pressure in the body.
- a medium for such a solution or suspension water, a buffer solution such as a tris-HCl buffer, a phosphate buffer, a citrate buffer and the like can be used.
- the preferred pH range of the solution or suspension is between 6.5 and 8.5, more preferably between 6.8 and 7.8 at room temperature.
- a preferred buffer is a buffer having a negative temperature coefficient as described in US Pat. No. 4,278,654.
- the amine-based buffer has a property satisfying such requirements, and is particularly preferably .TRIS.
- This type of buffer has a low pH at autoclave temperature, which increases the stability of the X-ray contrast agent in the autoclave, while increasing the physiologically acceptable pH at room temperature. Return.
- the ribosome preparation can be autoclaved to produce a sterile contrast medium for injection, and storage stability can be ensured.
- liposomes to which autocrepe sterilization cannot be applied should be sterilized by filtration.
- the contrast agent is dissolved or suspended in a medium at a concentration that provides an isotonic solution.
- a concentration that provides an isotonic solution if the imaging compound alone cannot provide an isotonic solution due to the poor solubility of the imaging compound, other non-toxic water-soluble substances, such as chloride, may form an isotonic solution or suspension. Salts such as dani sodium, saccharides such as mannitol, glucose, sucrose and sorbitol may be added to the medium.
- the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention is administered to a subject parenterally, specifically, by intravenous administration, preferably intravenous administration, as an injection or instillation, and by X-ray irradiation.
- the image is taken.
- the dose is based on a conventional iodine-based contrast agent.
- the total amount of iodine in the ribosome, or the sum of it and the total amount of iodine outside the liposome, may be similar to the conventional dose.
- the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention contains at least an iodine compound and a formulation auxiliary in both an aqueous phase inside a ribosome membrane and an aqueous medium in which the ribosome is dispersed. Each concentration is substantially the same. This is
- the iodine compounds coexist in the same X-ray contrast agent in different forms. It can be pointed out that such an embodiment of the contrast material has the following advantageous cases in a diagnostic test. That is, by using the X-ray contrast agent of the present invention, the difference in the diffusion time in the body between the non-encapsulated contrast material and the contrast material encapsulated in the liposome can produce images with different distribution behavior over time. It may provide useful diagnostic information.
- CT computed tomography
- the X-ray contrast agent according to the present invention comprises a single-walled ribosome having a uniform central particle diameter, preferably a compound having a polyalkylene oxide group in its lipid membrane, Includes sterols! / Further, the liposome contains at least an iodine compound and a formulation auxiliary agent in the aqueous phase inside the membrane of the liposome and the aqueous medium in which the liposome is dispersed, and preferably has the respective concentrations inside and outside the membrane. Substantially the same. Based on these, the stability of the ribosome structure and the retention stability of the encapsulated substance have been improved.
- the contrast agent of the contrast agent of the present invention has good retention in blood and exhibits an EPR effect. As a result, it selectively concentrates and accumulates on a target disease site or tissue, particularly on cancer tissue. After the imaging, the iodine compound is excreted outside the body because the compound is water-soluble. In addition, differences in diffusion times between the unencapsulated contrast agent and the contrast agent encapsulated in liposomes provide images with different distribution behavior over time, providing valuable diagnostic information.
- the production of the ribosome employs a method of dissolving phospholipids or the like in supercritical carbon dioxide, it is not necessary to use a toxic solvent, particularly a highly toxic chlorinated solvent.
- the X-ray contrast agent according to the present invention requires a smaller amount of use than conventional X-ray contrast agents, and toxicity and side effects are far reduced. Therefore, the burden on patients receiving the drug is small.
- Liposomal morphology and particle size The particle size and structure of the ribosome in the prepared contrast medium were examined by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) by a freeze-fracture method. That is, the ribosome dispersion is rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and crushed in a frozen state to expose the internal structure of the ribosome. The fracture surface was carbon-deposited, and the formed carbon film was observed with a transmission electron microscope.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the average particle diameter was a simple average of the diameters of the observed 20 contrast agent particles.
- those having no step in the traces of the particles left on the observed carbon film were judged as “single film”, and those having two or more steps were judged as “multilayer film”.
- those having a monolayer structure of 80% or more were determined to be substantially monolayer ribosomes.
- the ribosome dispersion was dialyzed against an isotonic saline solution. After completion of the dialysis, the ribosome was ruptured by adding ethanol to the solution, and the amount of iodine compound in the ribosome was determined by measuring the absorbance.
- DPPC Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- carbon dioxide was charged into a stainless steel autoclave together with ethanol, and the inside of the autoclave was stirred at 60 ° C and 300 kg / cm 2 to dissolve DPPC in supercritical carbon dioxide. While stirring the supercritical carbon dioxide solution, dissolve the iomeprol solution (816.5 mg of iomeprol with heating for injection), add ascorbic acid to this to give a solution of 20, and further add lmg of trometamol. PH was adjusted to physiological pH with diluted hydrochloric acid.Finally, water for injection was added to make up to 1.0 ml), and the solution was continuously infused with a metering pump.
- the pressure in the system was reduced to discharge carbon dioxide, thereby obtaining a ribosome dispersion containing iomeprol. Further, the obtained dispersion was placed in a glass pail, and sterilized by auto tare at 121 ° C for 20 minutes to obtain a contrast agent.
- the particle size of the ribosome in the obtained contrast medium was measured by freeze-crushing TEM.
- the average particle size of the ribosomes in the contrast agent was 0.13 ⁇ m. According to the morphological observation by the same method, the resulting ribosome was a single-walled ribosome.
- the contrast agent obtained in Example 1 was diluted with an isotonic glucose solution to a concentration of 50 mg iodine / ml.
- this solution was intravenously injected into rats, it was observed on X-ray images that the solution was distributed particularly in the liver. Over time, the level of contrast in the liver decreased in parallel with the level of contrast in all other organs, and it was found that most of the iomeprole was excreted in the urine.
- the contrast agent obtained in Example 1 was diluted with an isotonic glucose solution to a concentration of 50 mg iodine Zml. This solution was injected intravenously into rats with multiple liver cancer metastases. In the tumor metastasis area, the contrast level was high, and a tumor about 5 in diameter was observed. In addition, the decrease in the level of partial tumor imaging was slower than that of other organs over time. [Example 4]
- a contrast agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ribosomes having an average particle size of 0.07 tm, 0.18 m, and 0.22 m were prepared by controlling the pressure and the temperature.
- a contrast agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 40 g of PEG having 2000 ethylene units was added. Its average particle size was 0.12.
- Example 6 The contrast agents prepared in Examples 4 and 5 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2. It was observed by X-ray images that the contrast agent prepared in Example 4 was distributed particularly concentrated in the liver after injection, regardless of the particle size. The contrast agent prepared in Example 5 was less concentrated on the liver than the contrast agent prepared in Example 4.
- the contrast agent containing the liposome having an average particle size of 0 showed a rapid decrease in the contrast level of the tumor in comparison with the contrast agent of Example 3 in the tumor partial contrast level.
- the contrast agent containing the liposome having an average particle size of 0.18 m had a lower tumor partial imaging level as compared with the contrast agent of Example 3, but the rate of reduction of the imaging level was slow.
- the contrast agent containing ribosomes having an average particle size of 0.22 ⁇ m significantly reduced the contrast level of the tumor in comparison with the contrast agent of Example 3 in the tumor part.
- the contrast agent prepared in Example 5 had a higher partial tumor contrast level than the contrast agent of Example 3, and the rate of decrease in the contrast level was slow.
- the average particle size of the liposome in the contrast agent was 0.12 m, and it was substantially a single-layer liposome.
- the ratio of the iodine amount of the iodide compound contained in the liposome to the lipid weight of the sample was 5.6.
- Example 8 Except that the pressure was adjusted to the high pressure side, the decompression rate was adjusted, and the amount of the phospholipid used was changed, a cellulose-based filter manufactured by Advantech, ⁇ . ⁇ was used in the same manner as in Example 8. The mixture was filtered under pressure to obtain a ribosome dispersion, which was designated as Sample 3. The ribosomes in Sample 3 were substantially unilamellar liposomes as observed by freeze-crushing. Table 1 shows the results such as the particle size.
- Example 4 Except that the pressure was adjusted to the high pressure side, the decompression rate was adjusted, and the amount of the phospholipid used was changed, the same procedure as in Example 8 was performed using a cellulosic filter manufactured by Adpantech Co., Ltd. The solution was filtered under pressure to obtain a ribosome dispersion, which was designated as Sample 4.
- the ribosome in Sample 4 was substantially a single-walled ribosome by TEM observation by freeze-crushing. Table 1 shows the results such as the particle size.
- Example 5 Pressure filtration using a cellulosic filter manufactured by Adpantech, in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the pressure was adjusted to the high pressure side, the decompression rate was adjusted, and the amount of the phospholipid used was changed. Thus, a ribosome dispersion was obtained, and this was designated as Sample 5.
- the ribosome in Sample 5 was substantially a monolayer ribosome by TEM observation by freeze-fracture. Table 1 shows the results such as the particle size.
- a phospholipid or the like was dissolved in an organic solvent instead of supercritical carbon dioxide, and a ribosome-containing dispersion was prepared by changing the amount of phospholipid used.
- two types of X-ray contrast agents (samples 6 and 7) were prepared.
- the resulting ribosome was not a monolayer ribosome. Table 1 shows the results such as the particle size.
- VX2 carcinoma cell suspension was implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. Two weeks after the transplantation, the contrast medium obtained in Example 8 was injected intravenously, and observed by X-ray imaging after the injection. The contrast level decreases with time. The contrast level of the force-implanted part decreased slowly.
- Table 1 shows the following evaluations for cancer imaging.
- Samples 1 to 5 prepared by dissolving phospholipids and the like in supercritical carbon dioxide have better cancer imaging properties than conventional samples 6 to 8 prepared by dissolving in an organic solvent.
- DPPC dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- pluronic F-88 made of ADEKANE earth (a block copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide) 1.2 mg and 0.9 g of ethanol was charged into a stainless steel autoclave.
- the inside of the autoclave was heated to 60 ° C., and then 13 g of liquid carbon dioxide was added. Pressurizing the pressure Oto the crepe from 50 kg / cm 2 until the 200 kg / cm 2, and stirring the Otokurebu, it was dissolved DPPC in supercritical carbon dioxide.
- DPPC dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- Adecane earth pull-mouth F-88 block copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide
- Sample 18 was prepared in the same manner as in Sample 9, except that no pull-mouth nick F-88 was used. All of samples 9 to 18 were monolayer ribosomes.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results, such as the particle size, of the ribosome in each sample.
- Samples 9 to 18 obtained in Example 14 were added to physiological saline, and after sealing, the mixture was heated to 42 ° C and left for 3 days. The obtained sample and the sample before heating were observed with an optical microscope.
- Samples 9 to 18 obtained in Example 14 were diluted with an isotonic glucose solution to obtain 50 mg of oxygen. The concentration of Znil was used. When this solution was injected intravenously into rats, samples 17 and 18 were observed on X-ray images to be particularly concentrated in the liver.
- VX2 carcinoma cell suspension was implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. Two weeks after the transplantation, rabbits were injected intravenously with the samples 9 to 18 obtained in Example 14, and observed with X-ray images after the injection. When samples 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16 were used, the reduction of the contrast level in the transplanted part of the rabbit was slower than that of samples 13, 15, 17, and 18.
- DPPC Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- cholesterol 0.008g
- Adecane earth pull-out nick F-88 block copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide
- the pressure in the autoclave was pressurized to from 50 kg / cm 2 to 200 kg / cm 2, and stirring the autoclave, was dissolved DPPC in supercritical carbon dioxide.
- iohexol solution 647 mg / mL (iodine content 300 mg / mL), trometamol 1.21 mg / mL, calcium edetate 2 sodium (EDTA Na 2 -Ca) 5 g of a solution containing 0.1 mg / mL and adjusted to a pH of about 7 with an appropriate amount of sodium hydrochloride sodium hydroxide was continuously injected by a metering pump. Thereafter, the pressure in the system was reduced to discharge carbon dioxide, thereby obtaining a dispersion of ribosome containing i-hexol. The obtained dispersion was heated to 60 ° C, and a cell port manufactured by Advantech Co., Ltd. was heated.
- the mixture was subjected to pressure filtration at 0.1 l / xm.
- the obtained contrast agent was used as Sample 19.
- the average particle size of the ribosome in Sample 19 determined by the above method was 0.12 m, and was substantially a single-layer liposome.
- the ratio of the iodine amount of the iodine compound encapsulated in the liposome to the lipid weight of the sample was 3.7, and the ratio of the iodine compound in the ribosome was 23% by mass of all the iodine compounds. .
- ribosome dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in the case of sample 19, and these were designated as samples 20 to 25.
- the ribosomes in samples 20-25 were essentially single membrane liposomes. Table 3 shows the ribosome particle size of these samples, the ratio of the amount of the iodine compound contained in the ribosome to the weight of the lipid, and the ratio of the iodine compound in the liposome to the total iodine compound.
- Sample 26 was prepared in the same manner as in Sample 19, except that the pressure and decompression rate were adjusted using 0.024 g of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 0.006 g of cholesterol.
- DPPC dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
- Sample 27 was prepared in the same manner as in Sample 19, except that the pressure and decompression rate were adjusted using 0.048 g of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 0.012 g of cholesterol. did.
- DPPC dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- the ribosomes in samples 26 and 27 were essentially monolayer ribosomes.
- Table 3 shows the ribosome particle size of these samples, the ratio of the iodine amount of the iodide compound contained in the ribosome to the weight of the lipid, and the ratio of the iodine compound in the liposome to the total iodide compounds.
- Samples 39 to 47 were prepared in the same manner as Samples 19 to 27 except that trometamol was not used.
- the liposomes in samples 39-47 were essentially unilamellar ribosomes.
- Table 3 shows the ribosome particle size of these samples, the ratio of the amount of iodine compound contained in the ribosome to the weight of lipid, and the ratio of the iodine compound in the ribosome to all the iodine compounds. According to this, it was almost the same as when using trometamol.
- Table 3 shows the average particle size of the ribosome, the ratio of the amount of the iodine compound contained in the ribosome to the weight of the lipid, and the ratio of the iodine compound in the liposome to the total iodine compound in these samples.
- Example 18 The sample obtained in Example 18 was added to physiological saline, sealed, heated to 42 ° C, and left for 14 days. The obtained sample and the sample before heating were observed with an optical microscope. No particles were observed with an optical microscope in all samples before heating, but after heating, In some samples, fine particles of the number / zm, which seemed to be a combination of ribosome particles, were observed. Stability was evaluated according to the following criteria. That is,
- the stability is further improved by the presence of a water-soluble amine buffer and a chelating agent.
- Encapsulated iodine system Encapsulated iodine compound Liposo.4.
- I Encapsulated iodine-based Encapsulated iodine-based compound Liposo 0.1 to 0.4 In average X-ray contrast medium of liposome Intra- and extra-concentrated ⁇ pore size filtration Particle size constant No. Difference in total iodine compound to membrane lipid Mass% for over film treatment ( ⁇ m)
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WO2006009022A1 (ja) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-01-26 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | リポソーム含有x線造影剤およびその製造方法 |
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US20060239925A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-10-26 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | Method of manufacturing pharmaceutical preparation containing liposomes |
US20100215582A1 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2010-08-26 | Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. | Liposome and method for producing liposome |
CN102438591A (zh) * | 2009-03-19 | 2012-05-02 | 马维尔生物科学公司 | 用于增强成像对比度的组合物和方法 |
WO2013011598A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-24 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 溶解助剤を利用したリポソーム含有製剤およびその製造方法 |
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- 2004-03-23 JP JP2004085168A patent/JP2005170923A/ja active Pending
- 2004-04-13 US US10/824,095 patent/US20050084453A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-13 CN CN200480030669XA patent/CN1929868B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-13 EP EP04727102A patent/EP1679084A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-13 WO PCT/JP2004/005261 patent/WO2005037325A1/ja active Application Filing
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2006
- 2006-05-18 NO NO20062248A patent/NO20062248L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1776948A1 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2007-04-25 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | Method of producing liposome-containing preparation |
EP1776948A4 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2012-06-20 | Konica Minolta Med & Graphic | METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIPOSO-CONTAINING PREPARATION |
US8480952B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2013-07-09 | Konica Minolta Medical & Graphic, Inc. | Method of manufacturing pharmaceutical preparations containing liposomes |
US11185598B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2021-11-30 | Ge Healthcare As | Preparation of stabilised x-ray diagnostic composition |
US9085626B2 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2015-07-21 | Genentech, Inc. | FGFR1 agonists and methods of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1679084A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
CN1929868B (zh) | 2010-11-24 |
US20050084453A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
JP2005170923A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
NO20062248L (no) | 2006-05-18 |
CN1929868A (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
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