WO2005022588A2 - Halbleiterbauteil mit einer umverdrahtungslage und verfahren zur herstellung desselben - Google Patents
Halbleiterbauteil mit einer umverdrahtungslage und verfahren zur herstellung desselben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005022588A2 WO2005022588A2 PCT/DE2004/001853 DE2004001853W WO2005022588A2 WO 2005022588 A2 WO2005022588 A2 WO 2005022588A2 DE 2004001853 W DE2004001853 W DE 2004001853W WO 2005022588 A2 WO2005022588 A2 WO 2005022588A2
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- rewiring
- ground
- signal
- semiconductor
- Prior art date
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a semiconductor component with a plastic housing, with at least one semiconductor chip and with a rewiring layer, and a method for producing the same.
- the invention relates to a chip stack with memory semiconductor chips of the same type, which have a central bond channel with signal contact surface rows or bond pad rows.
- identical semiconductor chips are understood to mean a size that is as similar as possible and a topographic design that is as similar as possible to the arrangement of contact areas of the semiconductor chips in the bond channels with rows of contact areas or rows of bond pads.
- Graphics memory devices are ahead of standard memory devices in terms of their electrical requirements. At the desired clock frequencies in the gigahertz range, high speeds are expected in the semiconductor chips, which cannot be achieved with conventional bond pad arrangements in the form of rows of signal contact areas in a central bond channel, especially since the long rewiring lines from the central bond channel to the edge sides of the memory chips have inductance values that are too high, which Increase impedance and reduce the clock frequencies. These disadvantages are even more devastating when an attempt is made to stack semiconductor chips of the same type.
- chip stacks are not suitable. Due to the stacking, such semiconductor components with a semiconductor chip stack do not meet the "high performance" criteria for DDR-II or DDR-III memory components and have so far only been able to be stacked with losses in "high performance", which leads to unacceptable values in relation to the Criteria of DDR-II components.
- the object of the invention is to reduce the inductive component of the impedance of a semiconductor component by means of design measures to the extent that a semiconductor component with a rewiring layer is created which is suitable for clock frequencies in the gigahertz range and which meets the DDR III requirements. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a chip stack and a semiconductor component with one
- a semiconductor component with a plastic housing, a first semiconductor chip and a rewiring layer is created according to a first aspect.
- the semiconductor chip of the semiconductor component has an active upper side with signal contact areas. These signal contact areas are arranged in rows in a central bond channel.
- the rewiring layer of the semiconductor component is arranged on the active upper side of the semiconductor chip and has a closed metal layer as the first layer. This metal layer can have a ground or supply potential. are bound and thus reduces the inductance of the integrated circuit of the semiconductor chips.
- the metal layer has a bond channel opening in order to enable access to the signal contact areas during bonding.
- the semiconductor chip is fixed with an adhesive film on the metal layer of the rewiring layer in such a way that the signal contact areas of the semiconductor chip are arranged in the bond channel opening.
- the rewiring layer has an insulation layer with through contacts from the metal layer to external contact areas for ground or supply connections of a third layer. This third layer is arranged as a rewiring layer on the insulation layer.
- This rewiring layer additionally has rewiring lines that extend from the bonding channel to external contact areas for signal connections.
- the signal contact areas are electrically connected to the rewiring lines via bond wires in the bond channel.
- the bond wires in the bond channel are guided through the bond channel opening of the metal layer, which is at a ground or supply potential and thus shields the signal-carrying bond wires from control fields.
- the plastic housing has a plastic housing mass, which the semiconductor chip on the back and on its edges and the metal layer of the rewiring layer, insofar as it is not covered by the adhesive film.
- the active components of the semiconductor component made of brittle semiconductor material are thus protected against mechanical damage.
- the bond channel opening in the rewiring layer is filled with plastic housing compound to the extent that all bond connections of the central bond channel are embedded in plastic housing compound and are protected against mechanical damage.
- a method for producing a semiconductor component according to the first aspect of the invention with a metal layer and a rewiring layer of a rewiring layer has the following method steps. First, a metal foil with component positions is provided, bond channel openings being provided in the component positions. An insulation layer is then applied to the metal foil, into which vias are then introduced. A structured redistribution layer is then applied to the insulation layer.
- the rewiring layer has rewiring lines and external contact areas, the rewiring lines extending from the area of the provided bond channel openings to the external contact areas. Now the intended central bond channel opening is introduced into the rewiring layer at the component positions. An adhesive film with bond channel openings is then applied to the metal film and semiconductor chips are fixed thereon by aligning the central bond channels of the semiconductor chips with the bond channel openings in the rewiring layer. Then bond connections are established between the signal contact areas and the rewiring lines. Next, the rewiring layer is coated with a plastic housing compound, by embedding the semiconductor chips in the plastic housing compound, a composite plate being produced. The bond channels are finally covered with plastic compound and the composite board is separated into individual semiconductor components.
- This method has the advantage that the metal foil, which is etched away in the method for producing conventional components, is retained as a component or as a layer of the rewiring layer and additionally has an effect for the semiconductor component that improves the high-frequency properties.
- the introduction of a bond channel into the rewiring layer with a metal layer can be facilitated if the bond channel openings are punched into the metal layer at the component positions before the insulation layer is applied to the metal foil.
- a chip stack of semiconductor chips with a first semiconductor chip and at least one stacked second semiconductor chip is provided in a second aspect.
- the semiconductor chips have active top sides with signal contact areas and ground or supply contact areas.
- at least one of the two semiconductor chips carries a special rewiring layer which has an insulation layer, a rewiring layer and a cover layer. The insulation layer is applied to the active top side, leaving the signal contact areas and the ground or supply contact areas of the semiconductor chip free.
- the redistribution layer on at least the second semiconductor chip is structured in such a way that it corresponds with corresponding ones Rewiring lines contacted the signal contact areas and the ground or supply contact areas.
- the rewiring layer has signal connection contact areas and ground or supply connection contact areas in an edge region of the rewiring layer, which are connected via the rewiring lines to the signal contact areas and the ground or supply contact areas of the semiconductor chip.
- the redistribution layer with its electrically conductive structures is protected by a cover layer having an insulation material.
- the rewiring lines are arranged parallel to one another, with signal conductor tracks and ground or supply conductor track alternatingly being arranged on the insulation layer of the rewiring layer.
- These signal conductor tracks or ground or supply conductor tracks connect the signal contact areas running in parallel with the signal connection contact areas in the edge region of the rewiring layer and accordingly connect the ground or supply conductor tracks
- Ground or supply contact areas of the semiconductor chip with ground or supply connection contact areas arranged on the edge of the rewiring layer has the advantage that the connection contact areas are more easily accessible for further wiring.
- Such a chip stack with such a rewiring structure also has the advantage that a ground or supply conductor track is arranged in the rewiring layer adjacent to each signal conductor track.
- This alternating change of ground or supply conductor tracks and signal conductor tracks reduces the inductance component of the complex impedance of the conductor tracks and contributes to the fact that the connection resistance or the resistance of the leads can be practically halved compared to conventionally stacked semiconductor chips and thus meets the criteria of the DDR-II memory modules.
- the capacitive coupling of the conductor tracks is extremely small, since only the cross-sectional thickness of the signal conductor track and the ground or supply conductor track determines the size of the capacitive coupling.
- the ground or supply conductor tracks arranged between two signal conductor tracks also have the advantage that crosstalk between signal conductor tracks is reduced.
- the parallel routing and the approximately equal length of the signal conductor tracks in the rewiring layer also ensure that differences in transit time from signal conductor track to signal conductor track are reduced. This also improves performance.
- the invention is particularly suitable for identical chips because it is then possible to manufacture them inexpensively. Furthermore, the performance is improved, and memory modules with a high storage capacity due to the stacking and with a high runtime constancy with minimal runtime differences and for high clock frequencies in the gigahertz range are realized by the design of the rewiring layer.
- ground or supply conductor tracks and ground or supply contact surfaces are referred to as ground or supply connection contact surfaces, which are connected to stacked via at least one corresponding external contacts of the semiconductor component.
- pelten semiconductor chips are placed on the ground or supply potential or ground potential of the circuit.
- Signal conductor tracks, signal contact areas and signal connection contact areas are designed so that they can transmit data in rapid succession and in binary form, positive or negative pulses, preferably pulse code modulation, being transmitted over such areas or conductor track structures.
- ground or supply conductor tracks have a smaller width than the signal conductor tracks.
- the larger width of the signal conductor tracks contributes to the lower inductance and to a lower resistance.
- a small cross-section is sufficient for the current feedback according to the coplanar strips for the ground or supply conductor tracks.
- the chip stack can have double-adhesive films between the stacked semiconductor chips in order to hold the chip stack together and stabilize it. These intermediate foils leave the connection contact areas free in the edge regions of the respective rewiring layer.
- a third aspect of the invention provides that the rewiring layer on the stacked semiconductor chips is structured in such a way that an insulation layer is again arranged on the active top sides of the semiconductor chips.
- the redistribution layer mainly has parallel, adjacent signal conductor tracks, between which no ground or supply conductor tracks are arranged.
- the cover layer is multi-layered and structured in such a way that an Cover insulation layer is arranged on the rewiring layer and the entire semiconductor chip is covered or protected by an electrically conductive layer on the cover insulation layer. This electrically conductive layer is at ground or supply potential.
- the signal lines are separated from the ground or supply potential only by the covering insulation layer thickness.
- the area of the induction loop for each of the signal lines is extremely small, which significantly reduces the inductive component of the impedance and the total complex impedance can be more than halved, although the capacitive component is increased compared to the first aspect of the invention.
- the uniform parallel routing of the signal lines from the signal contact areas on the semiconductor chip to signal connection contact areas in the edge region of the rewiring layer achieves a uniform transit time of the high-frequency signals for each of the connected signal contact areas on the semiconductor chip.
- the stacked semiconductor chips are arranged on a multilayer substrate.
- the substrate has an edge region with substrate connection areas that are not covered by a chip stack. These substrate connection areas can thus be accessed. It is thus possible to connect the signal connection contact areas of the chip stack to corresponding substrate connection areas and also to connect the ground or supply connection contact areas of the chip stack to corresponding other substrate connection areas. In this case, all substrate connection surfaces that are connected to the ground or Supply connection contact surfaces interact, short-circuited and lead to a single external contact of the substrate.
- the substrate has a substrate wiring layer.
- Rewiring lines of the rewiring layer also connect the substrate connection areas via vias through the substrate to external contact areas of the semiconductor component. While the rewiring layers, which are arranged on the semiconductor chips, make do without through contacts, through contacts are provided for the multilayer substrate in order to get from the substrate contact surfaces arranged in the edge region to the outer contact surfaces which are annularly or evenly distributed on the underside of the substrate. On the outer contact surfaces solder bumps or solder balls can be applied as external contacts. On the other hand, it is possible to provide external contact areas, so that SMD arrangements (surface mounted device arrangements) are possible on corresponding superordinate circuit substrates.
- SMD arrangements surface mounted device arrangements
- a method for producing a semiconductor component has the following method steps:
- semiconductor chips to be stacked are provided with an active top side and with signal contact areas and ground or supply contact areas.
- An insulation layer is then applied as part of a rewiring layer to the active top sides of the semiconductor chips.
- the signal contact areas and the ground or supply contact areas are released from insulation material. to contact the conductor tracks of a structured redistribution layer when the redistribution layer is applied.
- the redistribution layer consisting of a conductive material on the insulation layer of the redistribution layer has parallel signal conductor tracks, between which ground or supply conductor tracks are provided.
- the ground or supply conductor tracks have a smaller width than the signal conductor tracks.
- a covering layer comprising insulation material is applied to a rewiring layer structured in this way, which alleviates the first adhesion problems between a plastic housing compound to be applied and the conductor tracks, in particular in the area of the connection contact surfaces.
- the adhesion of the connection contact surfaces of the rewiring layer is also subjected to great stress, so that there may be signs of detachment or delamination between the insulation layer of the rewiring layer and the connection contact surfaces of the rewiring layer. If, however, a cover layer is provided which only leaves open portions of the connection contact surfaces of the rewiring layer that are necessary for bonding, this second adhesion problem is alleviated.
- a method for producing a semiconductor component of the third aspect of the invention initially does not differ in the initial steps, namely the provision of a plurality of semiconductor chips to be stacked, the application of an insulation layer as part of a rewiring layer and the application of a rewiring layer.
- the conductor tracks are now designed to be approximately the same width and parallel, since signal conductor tracks are predominantly to be provided.
- the electrically conductive layer can be connected to ground and ensures that the induction cross section of the signal conductor tracks and the electrically conductive layer that can be placed at ground potential or ground potential is minimized. This reduces the inductive component of the impedance of the leads, so that an adaptation to the "High Performance "criteria for DDR-II memory devices is secured.
- the entire stack can be embedded in a plastic compound on the substrate, the underside of the substrate remaining free of plastic compound.
- the individual external contact areas can be delimited on the underside of the substrate by a solder resist layer, so that it is possible to apply solder balls or solder bumps to the external contact areas of the semiconductor component on the underside of the multilayer substrate.
- This substrate can also be the basis of a benefit, the substrate having component positions arranged in rows and columns for a benefit and a stack of semiconductor chips according to the invention being arranged, bonded and encased in a plastic compound in each of the component positions.
- a suitable impedance control and matching for stacked semiconductor chips with the aid of the specially designed rewiring layers on each of the. Semiconductor chips and in particular on the top semiconductor chip is possible.
- the impedance value of the leads on the rewiring layer can be more than halved.
- the cover insulation layer which represents a separating layer between the plastic mass of the housing and the gold coating of the uppermost rewiring layer, is particularly helpful here. Forces that occur during the molding process, that is to say when the plastic housing compound is being applied, do not therefore directly affect the adhesion of the redistribution metal layer to the insulation layer underneath. Rather, the cover insulation layer decouples the effects of the plastic housing compound on the sensitive structure of the rewiring layers.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a rewiring layer of a rewiring layer
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section through a semiconductor component of a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a semiconductor component of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through a semiconductor component of a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a rewiring layer 10 of a rewiring layer.
- the rewiring layer of FIG. 1 comprises three layers, namely an insulation layer 9, on which the structured rewiring layer 10 shown here is arranged, while the cover layer arranged on the rewiring layer 10 has been omitted in order to arrange the conductor tracks 29 with reference to the figure 1 to be able to explain.
- the parallel conductor tracks 29 connect connection contact surfaces (not shown here) in the edge regions of the rewiring layer 10 with contact surfaces 6 and 7 in a central region 28 with contact surface rows or bond pad rows on the active top side 5 of a semiconductor chip.
- 28 signal contact areas 6 and ground or supply contact areas 7 are provided in the central area. These are electrically connected via supply lines 31 and 32 to signal conductor tracks 12 and ground or supply conductor tracks 13.
- supply lines 31 and 32 to signal conductor tracks 12 and ground or supply conductor tracks 13.
- a ground or supply conductor track 13 which is connected to a ground or supply potential.
- the lead length 1 of the parallel guide from the signal conductor tracks 12 to one another and from the ground or supply conductor tracks 13 is almost identical, so that differences in transit time are minimized.
- the induction cross section between the feed lines is reduced to a small distance between the signal lines and the ground or supply lines.
- the inductive component of the impedance or the impedance of the leads is reduced.
- the width of the signal conductor tracks 12 in this embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 1 is between 20 ⁇ m and 170 ⁇ m and the width of the ground or supply conductor tracks 13 is between 20 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
- the width of the conductor tracks must not vary significantly along the parallel guide in order not to cause any differences in transit time between the individual signal conductor tracks 12.
- the distance between the conductor tracks is 25 to 50 ⁇ m, so that a step size between a signal conductor track 12 and the next signal conductor track 12 results in a minimum of 15 ⁇ m and a maximum of 300 ⁇ m.
- the impedance could be reduced to 60 to 75 ohms compared to conventionally structured rewiring layers 10, which are 160 to 200 ohms for the impedance value. This means a reduction in the impedance value to less than half with the aid of this special redistribution structure of the redistribution layer 10.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section through a semiconductor component 30 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- This semiconductor component 30 has a plastic housing 41, in the plastic housing mass 33 of which a semiconductor chip 1 is embedded with its rear side 42 and its edge sides 43 and 44.
- the semiconductor chip 1 has on its active top side 4 a central bond channel 28 in which the signal rows of contacts with signal contact surfaces 6 are arranged.
- the active top side 4 is fixed on a rewiring layer 8 via a double-sided adhesive 45.
- the rewiring layer 8 has a bond channel opening 46 and consists of four layers.
- the first layer is an electrically conductive layer 18 made of metal, which covers the entire rewiring layer 8 and is connected via via contacts 25 to a ground or supply potential which can be applied to the external contacts 47.
- the rewiring layer 8 has an insulation layer 9, which likewise has the bond channel opening 28 and has the through contacts 25 to the external contacts 47 with ground or supply potential.
- a rewiring layer 10 Arranged on the insulation layer 9 as a third layer is a rewiring layer 10 which has rewiring lines 48 which extend from the bonding channel 28 to external contact areas 26 on which the external contacts 35 for signal connections are arranged.
- the redistribution layer 10 is protected by a fourth layer of the redistribution layer 8.
- This fourth layer is a solder stop layer or cover layer 11, which only leaves the external contact areas 26 of the rewiring layer 10 free, so that external contacts 35 and 47 can be applied there.
- Such a cover layer is also provided on the electrically conductive layer 18.
- the signal contact areas 6 in the bonding channel 28 are connected to the rewiring lines 48 of the rewiring layer 10 via bonding wires 27. If the metal layer 18 is connected to ground potential via the external contacts 47 and the through contacts 25, the impedance or the inductive component of the impedance is reduced due to the small distance between the metal layer 18 and the "high frequency" performance of the semiconductor component is improved, in particular the high frequency performance improved.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a semiconductor component 50 of a second embodiment of the invention.
- Components with the same functions as in FIG. 1 or in FIG. 2 are identified by the same reference symbols and are not discussed separately.
- the semiconductor component 50 shown in FIG. 3 has a chip stack 3 with a first semiconductor chip 1 and a stacked second semiconductor chip 2.
- These semiconductor chips 1 and 2 are memory modules with a central area 28 which has both signal contact areas and ground or supply contact areas 7. In this cross section, only ground or supply contact surfaces 7 were cut, while the signal contact surfaces are arranged in front of and behind the image plane.
- the semiconductor chips 1 and 2 have active top sides 4 and 5, on each of which a rewiring layer 8 is arranged.
- This rewiring layer 8 has at least two layers, an insulation layer 9 and a rewiring layer 10 made of a structured metal layer.
- Terminal contact areas and, in this example, ground or supply terminal contact areas 15 are arranged in the edge regions 16 of the rewiring layers 10 of the semiconductor chips 1 and 2 shown.
- ground or supply conductor tracks are arranged in parallel to the signal conductor tracks not shown here in front of and behind the plane of the drawing. This means that between the signal conductor tracks there is in each case a ground or supply conductor track 13, which minimize the impedance or inductance of the leads in the area of the rewiring layer 8.
- the rewiring layer 8 of the first semiconductor chip 1 While the rewiring layer 8 of the first semiconductor chip 1, with the ground or supply connection contact surfaces 15 being left free, has a covering layer 11 with insulation material in the edge region 16, which also acts as an adhesive layer, with a covering insulation layer 17, in the upper rewiring layer 8 the plastic housing compound 33 formed, which completely embeds the chip stack 3 from the semiconductor chips 1 and 2 with their rewiring layers 8.
- the chip stack 3 is arranged on a multilayer substrate 20 which has a substrate redistribution layer 23 with rewiring lines 24.
- substrate connection areas 22 are provided in an edge region 21 of the substrate 20 that is not covered by the semiconductor chip stack 3.
- bond connections 27 for a ground or supply conductor path 13 of the lower first semiconductor chip 1 and for a ground or supply conductor path 13 of the upper second semiconductor chip 2 lead to the substrate connection areas 22.
- the bond connections 27 connect the individual stacked semiconductor chips 1 and 2 corresponding substrate connection areas 22.
- An insulating core layer 34 of the substrate 20 has through contacts 25 at the locations at which external contact surfaces 26 are provided for external contacts 35 of the semiconductor component 30.
- a solder resist layer 40 ensures that the solder material of the external contacts 35 remains limited to the external contact surfaces 26 by covering the entire underside of the semiconductor component 30 except for the external contact surfaces 26.
- FIG. 3 also shows that the external contacts 35 are arranged on corresponding contact surfaces 36 of a circuit carrier 37 of a higher-level circuit.
- the circuit carrier 37 is clad on its underside 38 or in an inner layer with a metal layer 39, which in turn is connected to ground or supply potential.
- the induction cross section between conductor tracks carrying ground or supply potential and signal conductor tracks compared to an induction cross section between signal conductor tracks and the metal layer 39 of the circuit carrier 37 is considerably reduced and thus the Impedance values of the signal feed lines to the signal contact areas on the memory chips in the corresponding central regions 28 are reduced.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through a semiconductor component 300 of a third embodiment of the invention. Components with the same functions as in FIG. 2 are identified with the same reference symbols and are not discussed separately.
- the difference between the third embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 4 and the second embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 3 is that the cover layer 11, which also acts as an adhesive layer, of the rewiring layers 8 on the respective semiconductor chips 1 and 2 has a non-structured closed metallic cover , which in turn can be connected to the ground or supply potential of an external contact 35 via an M or supply connection 19 and the bonding wires 27.
- a closed, electrically conductive layer 18 made of metal is provided in the cover layer 11 of the semiconductor chips 1 and 2, while the redistribution layer 10 of the redistribution layer 8 has predominantly signal conductor tracks 6 which are guided in parallel. While the induction area with such an electrically conductive layer 18 between the ground or supply potential of this layer and the signal potentials of the signal conductor tracks is further reduced, the capacitive coupling increases slightly. In total, however, the total impedance resistance is reduced to the values given above, so that the third embodiment of the invention is also suitable for meeting the "high performance" criteria of DDR-II memory components or even higher quality requirements.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/362,507 US7345363B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2006-02-27 | Semiconductor device with a rewiring level and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE2003139762 DE10339762B4 (de) | 2003-08-27 | 2003-08-27 | Chipstapel von Halbleiterchips und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
DE10339762.0 | 2003-08-27 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/362,507 Continuation US7345363B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2006-02-27 | Semiconductor device with a rewiring level and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005022588A2 true WO2005022588A2 (de) | 2005-03-10 |
WO2005022588A3 WO2005022588A3 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/DE2004/001853 WO2005022588A2 (de) | 2003-08-27 | 2004-08-19 | Halbleiterbauteil mit einer umverdrahtungslage und verfahren zur herstellung desselben |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7345363B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10339762B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005022588A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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JP4237160B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-08 | 2009-03-11 | エルピーダメモリ株式会社 | 積層型半導体装置 |
KR101521260B1 (ko) * | 2008-11-25 | 2015-05-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 발광 다이오드 패키지 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR101332916B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-11-26 | 주식회사 네패스 | 반도체 패키지 및 그 제조 방법 |
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KR910020869A (ko) * | 1990-05-10 | 1991-12-20 | 원본 미기재 | 무통로 2-금속 테이프 자동 접착시스템 |
KR940008342B1 (ko) * | 1990-06-01 | 1994-09-12 | 가부시키가이샤 도시바 | 필름캐리어를 이용한 반도체장치 |
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FR2729570A1 (fr) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-07-26 | Idm Immuno Designed Molecules | Procede de preparation de macrophages actives, trousses et compositions pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
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-
2004
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10339762A1 (de) | 2005-03-31 |
DE10339762B4 (de) | 2007-08-02 |
US20060244120A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
WO2005022588A3 (de) | 2005-08-18 |
US7345363B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 |
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