WO2004106576A1 - マグネシウム基合金成形体の製造方法 - Google Patents
マグネシウム基合金成形体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004106576A1 WO2004106576A1 PCT/JP2004/005226 JP2004005226W WO2004106576A1 WO 2004106576 A1 WO2004106576 A1 WO 2004106576A1 JP 2004005226 W JP2004005226 W JP 2004005226W WO 2004106576 A1 WO2004106576 A1 WO 2004106576A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- based alloy
- less
- temperature
- weight
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a formed body made of a magnesium-based alloy by plastic working.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a magnesium-based alloy compact having good productivity by lowering the working temperature when performing plastic working.
- Magnesium-based alloys are lighter than aluminum, have higher specific strength and specific stiffness than steel and aluminum, and are widely used in aircraft and automotive parts, as well as in the body of various electrical products.
- Mg and its alloys have poor ductility and extremely poor plastic workability due to their close-packed hexagonal lattice (hep) structure.
- magnesium-based alloys have poor workability by raising the temperature during processing. It is widely known that it is good.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-283134 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-343178 describe a technique of threading a magnesium-based alloy material in a temperature state where a superplastic phenomenon occurs.
- the temperature at which the above superplastic phenomenon occurs is as high as 250 ° C or higher. There is a problem that can not be.
- a main object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a magnesium-based alloy molded body capable of producing a plastically-formed molded body made of a magnesium-based alloy with high productivity. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted various studies on a magnesium-based alloy, which is usually difficult to perform strong working such as plastic working, and as a result, by using a magnesium-based alloy material that has been subjected to a specific drawing process in advance, it has been found that 250 ° C.
- the inventors have found that plastic working is possible even at a temperature lower than the above, and have completed the present invention.
- the method for producing a magnesium-based alloy compact of the present invention is characterized in that a linear body made of a magnesium-based alloy obtained by drawing is plastically worked at a working temperature of less than 250 ° C.
- the present invention uses a linear body obtained by drawing instead of an extruded material and a rolled material to reduce the processing temperature, that is, to perform plastic working at less than 250 ° C, particularly at 200 ° C or less. Realize.
- the working temperature at the time of performing the plastic working can be made less than, and the conventional heating means for high temperature is unnecessary,
- the life of working materials such as dies and rolls used for plastic working can be prolonged, and productivity can be improved.
- examples of the linear body made of a magnesium-based alloy include a wire (linear body), a rod-shaped body, and a pipe.
- the cross section may be circular or non-circular such as rectangular or elliptical, that is, irregular.
- drawing speed Extruded or rolled material at a linear speed of lm / sec or more.
- drawing temperature 50 ° C to 300 ° C (more preferably 100 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably 100 ° C to 150 ° C)
- Workability drawing 5% or more (more preferably 10% or more, particularly preferably 20% or more) per processing
- temperature rise rate to drawing temperature lVsec to 100tVsec
- drawing speed extruded material or rolled at lm / sec or more Pulling out the material.
- the plastic workability can be improved even when the heating temperature is less than 250 ° C., and a desired formed body can be obtained.
- the obtained striated body may be heated to a temperature of 100 ° C or more and 300 or less, more preferably 150 ° C or more and 300 ° C or less. This heat annealing is effective for recovering the strain introduced by the drawing process and for further refining the crystal grains by promoting recrystallization.
- the holding time of the heating temperature is preferably about 5 to 20 minutes.
- examples of the plastic working include forging, swaging, and bending.
- the following temperature conditions are suitable. That is, when the rolling reduction is r,% and the processing temperature is T ° C, T is 3 + 1 50> 1 [ ⁇ 3] " 1 + 10 (+, 20% ⁇ 1" 1 ⁇ 80%,
- the heating temperature T (° C) can be less than 250 ° C, particularly 70 ° C or more and less than 210 ° C.
- the heating temperature when performing forging with a draft of 20% can be set to less than 210 due to the fine effect of the alloy structure.
- the life of the processed material can be made longer.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature shall be the value obtained by 3 + 10 above, and the upper limit of the heating temperature shall be 250 ° C considering the life of the mold and rolls.
- the following temperature conditions are suitable. That is, assuming that the area reduction rate is r 2 % and the processing temperature is T ° C, T is 3r 2 +150> T ⁇ 3r 2 — 30 (however, 20% ⁇ r 2 ⁇ 80%, T 250 ° C) shall be satisfied.
- the heating temperature T (° C.) can be set to less than 250 ° C., particularly 30 ° C. or more and less than 210 ° C. Therefore, when the cross-sectional reduction rate is set to 20%, compared with the conventional method that requires heating at 210 ° C or higher using extruded material or rolled material that has not been subjected to drawing, the alloy structure is reduced.
- the present invention using a fine drawn material can further extend the life of a processed material such as a mold. If the cross-sectional reduction rate r 2 and 33 percent, the lower limit of the heating temperature, the 3r 2 - a value determined at 30, the upper limit of the heating temperature, considering the life of such a mold, and less than 250 I do.
- swaging can be performed at a processing temperature of less than 250 ° C. in a process having an area reduction ratio of more than 40%, which is considered to be an industrially effective process. For high-strength processing in which the area reduction rate exceeds 80%, heating of 250 or more is desired.
- T is (l) When 0.1 ⁇ R / t ⁇ 1.0, 250> T ⁇ 250-250R / t, (2) When 1.0 ⁇ R / t ⁇ l.9, 500-250R / t ⁇ T> 0, (3) When 1.9 ⁇ R / t ⁇ 2.0, 25 ⁇ T> Assume that 0 is satisfied.
- the heating temperature T is less than 250 ° C, especially the upper limit is 500-250R / t or less. It can be. That is, as can be seen from the test results described below, the temperature can be set to less than 100 ° C, and further to about room temperature (eg, 20 ° C). When R / t is 1.9 to 2.0, the heating temperature (TCC) can be reduced to 25 ° C or less.
- the lower limit of the heating temperature is the value obtained from the above 250-250 R / t, and the upper limit of the heating temperature is determined in consideration of the life of the mold and the like. , 250 and less.
- heating at 200 ° C or more is required for heavy working with R / t of 1.2 or less, and especially for strong working with R / t of 1.0 or less, 250 Heating over ° C is required.
- the processing temperature is sufficiently lower than 250 ° C even in the case of a strong processing such as R / t of 0.1 to 1.0. Can be bent.
- the thickness of the above-mentioned striated body is, for example, when the striated body is a wire (linear body) or a rod-shaped body and the cross-sectional shape is circular: diameter, the striated body is a wire or a rod-shaped body and the cross-sectional shape is rectangular. In case of shape: thickness, in case of striated pipe: difference between outer diameter and inner diameter.
- R / t is more than 2.0, the degree of bending is low, and it is possible to perform processing at room temperature with extruded material and rolled material, and therefore, it is not specified in the present invention.
- R / t is more than 2.0, the degree of bending is low, and it is possible to perform processing at room temperature with extruded material and rolled material, and therefore, it is not specified in the present invention.
- R / t is more than 2.0, the degree of bending is low, and it is possible to perform processing at room temperature with extruded material and rolled material, and therefore, it is
- the present invention is effective for a magnesium-based alloy having a hep structure having poor workability at about room temperature (for example, 20) regardless of the alloy composition.
- a magnesium base alloy for production or a wrought magnesium base alloy can be used. Specifically, those containing 0.1% to 12% by weight of A1, Zn: 0.1% to 10% by weight, and Zr: 0.1% to 2.0% by weight Something to do.
- Mn 0.1% by weight or more and 2.0% by weight or less
- Zn 0.1% by weight or more and 5.0% by weight or less
- Si 0.1% by weight or more 5.
- the Al content may be distinguished from a content of 0.1 to less than 2.0% by weight and a content of more than 2.0 to 12.0% by weight. In general, it is used as an alloy containing Mg and impurities in addition to the above chemical components. Impurities include Fe, Si, Cu, Ni, Ca and the like.
- Al content of 2.0 to 12.0% by weight in the AZ system for example,
- AZ31 is, for example, magnesium containing, by weight, A1: 2.5 to 3.5%, Zn: 0.5 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.15 to 0.5%, Cu: 0.05% or less, Si: 0.1% or less, Ca: 0.04% or less. It is a base alloy.
- AZ61 is, for example, a magnesium-based alloy containing, by weight, A1: 5.5 to 7.2%, Zn: 0.4 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.15 to 0.35%, Ni: 0.05% or less, and Si: 0.1% or less. .
- AZ91 is a magnesium base containing, by weight, A1: 8.1 to 9.7%, Zn: 0.35 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.13% or more, Cu: 0.1% or less, Ni: 0.03% or less, and Si: 0.5% or less. Alloy.
- Examples of the AZ system in which the content of A1 is 0.1 to less than 2.0% by weight include AZ10 and AZ21.
- AZ10 contains, for example, A1: 1, 0-1.5%, Zn: 0.2-0.6%, Mn: 0.2% or more, Cu: 0.1% or less, Si: 0.1% or less, Ca: 0.4% or less by weight%
- AZ21 is a magnesium-based alloy containing, for example, A1: 1.4 to 2.6%, Zn: 0.5 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.15 to 0.35%, Ni: 0.03% or less, and Si: 0.1% or less by weight%.
- AS41 is, for example, magnesium containing, by weight, A1: 3.7 to 4.8%, Zn: 0.1% or less, Cu: 0.15% or less, Mn: 0.35 to 0.60%, Ni: 0.001% or less, Si: 0.6 to 1.4%. It is a base alloy.
- AS21 and the like having an Al content of less than 0.1 to less than 2.0% by weight in an AS system are exemplified.
- AS21 is, for example, magnesium containing, by weight, A1: 1.4 to 2.6%, Zn: 0.1% or less, Cu: 0.15% or less, Mn: 0.35 to 0.60%, Ni: 0.001%, Si: 0.6 to 1.4%. It is a base alloy.
- AM60 is, for example, A1: 5.5 to 6.5% by weight, Zn: 0.22% or less, Cu: 0.35% or less, Mn: 0.13% or more by weight%, Ni: A magnesium-based alloy containing 0.03% or less and Si: 0.5% or less.
- AM100 is, for example, a magnesium base containing, by weight, A1: 9.3 to 10.7%, Zn: 0.3% or less, Cu: 0.1% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 0.35%, Ni: 0.01% or less, Si: 0.3% or less. Alloy.
- ZK40 and # 60 examples include ZK40 and # 60.
- No. 40 is, for example, a magnesium-based alloy containing 3.5% to 4.5% by weight and Zr: 0.45% or more by weight.
- ZK60 is, for example, a magnesium-based alloy containing 4.8 to 6.2% Zn and 0.45% or more Zr by weight.
- the present invention can be applied to the manufacture of a molded product obtained by plastically processing a striated body, for example, a frame for reinforcement of an eyeglass frame or a portable electronic device, or a screw.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing whether forging is possible when forging is performed at various temperatures while changing the draft, and FIG. 1 (a) is a drawing material, and FIG. b) indicates extruded material,
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing whether swaging can be performed when swaging is performed at various temperatures while changing the cross-sectional reduction rate, and FIG. Figure 2 (b) shows the extruded material,
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing whether bending can be performed when bending is performed by changing the ratio R / t of the bending radius R and the thickness t of the workpiece at various temperatures.
- 3 (a) shows a drawn material
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a rolled material.
- Extrusion material ( ⁇ 4.0 ⁇ , ⁇ 3%) containing magnesium: an alloy containing 3.0%, Zn: 1.0%, and Mn: 0.15% by weight, with the balance being Mg and impurities. Omm) was prepared.
- the ⁇ 4.0mm extruded material was drawn to a diameter of about 3.0 ° C at a temperature of about 160 ° C and a cross-sectional reduction rate per pass: 20% or less (temperature rising rate to 160 ° C: About 10 ° C / sec, linear velocity: 16m / sec).
- a heat treatment at 350 ° C and 15iin was performed to remove the strain during the drawing process and to make the structure uniform and fine by recrystallization.
- ⁇ 3.0mm extruded material and the unextruded ⁇ 3.0mm extruded material were cut into 3mm lengths to obtain test pieces. These test pieces were forged in the direction of the wire axis at various rolling reductions. At this time, forging was performed by heating each test piece to various temperatures in the range of 100 ° C to 250 ° C. Then, we checked whether forging was possible.
- forging when forging a drawn material, forging can be performed by heating to a temperature T ° C that satisfies T ⁇ Si ⁇ + lO against the draft (%). Atsushi. That is, it can be seen that when the drawn material is used, forging can be performed sufficiently even at a heating of less than 250 ° C. In particular, if the reduction rate is about 20-30%, It was possible to sufficiently perform forging even at a temperature that satisfies. When heated to 250 ° C, forging could be performed at any reduction ratio of 20 to 80%, but considering the life of the mold, processing by heating at less than 250 ° C is desirable. It is.
- Forging could be performed by heating to T ° C, and sufficient processing was possible even with a heating of less than 250.
- Fig. 2 shows the results.
- ⁇ indicates that swaging could be performed
- X indicates that swaging could not be performed due to cracks, etc.
- ⁇ indicates that swaging was possible but the heating temperature was high
- the ones that have a problem in terms of service life are shown below.
- ⁇ is the heating temperature
- r 2 is the area reduction rate.
- magnesium-based alloys having different compositions Similar tests were performed on magnesium-based alloys having different compositions. That is, after the extruded material was subjected to the same drawing process as in Example 1, the heat-treated drawn material was subjected to various cross-sectional reduction ratios at 100 to 250 ° C. so as to have the above seven types of diameters. Swaging was performed at various temperatures in the range.
- AZ10 equivalent material, AZ61 equivalent material, AZ91 equivalent material, AS21 equivalent material, AS41 equivalent material, AM41 equivalent material, ZK60 equivalent material similar to the components shown above were used.
- Omm drawn material (ASTM symbol AZ31 equivalent material) produced under the same drawing conditions as in Example 1 was further drawn (temperature: 160 ° C, cross-sectional reduction rate per pass: about 15) -18%, a rate of temperature rise to 160 ° C: about 10 ° C / sec, a linear velocity: 20 m / sec;), and a wire having a rectangular cross section (thickness t Imm ⁇ width 3 mm) were obtained. This wire was subjected to a heat treatment at 350 ° C for 15 min to obtain a test piece. Further, a rolled material having a thickness of tliM was prepared from the same components as those used in Example 1 (a material equivalent to ASTM symbol AZ31) and cut out to a width of 3 mni to obtain a test piece.
- Each test piece of the obtained drawn material of thickness t 1 and width 3 and rolled material of thickness t 1 and width 3 mm was bent at various bending radii R.
- the bending was performed by heating each test piece to various temperatures in the range of 20 to 250 ° C. Then, it was checked whether bending was possible.
- Figure 3 shows the results.
- ⁇ indicates that bending was possible
- X indicates that bending could not be performed due to cracks, etc.
- ⁇ indicates that bending was possible but the heating temperature was high
- the ones that have problems in terms of life are shown.
- T is the heating temperature
- R is the bending radius
- t the thickness of the test piece.
- the ratio R / t between the bending radius R (mm) and the thickness t (iimi) of the specimen is 0.1 ⁇ R / t.
- ⁇ 1.0 bending was possible by heating to a temperature T ° C that satisfies T ⁇ -250R / t + 250.
- R / t is more than 1.0 and less than 2.0, sufficient bending can be performed even at a temperature of T ⁇ -250R / t + 500, specifically, about 20 which is about room temperature. did it.
- R / t was 2.0, sufficient bending could be performed at 20 ° C.
- the use of the striated body obtained by drawing enables an excellent plastic working at a working temperature of less than 250 ° C.
- the effect can be obtained. Therefore, the present invention does not require a high temperature of 250 ° C. or higher during plastic working as in the conventional case where plastic working is directly performed on an extruded material and a rolled material.
- the life of the alloy can be extended, and a magnesium-based alloy compact can be obtained with high productivity.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602004021808T DE602004021808D1 (de) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-04-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung von formkörpern aus magnesiumbasislegierung |
EP04726905A EP1645651B1 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-04-12 | Method for producing magnesium base alloy formed article |
US10/556,434 US20070169858A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-04-12 | Producing method of magnesium-base alloy wrought product |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-155476 | 2003-05-30 | ||
JP2003155476A JP4332889B2 (ja) | 2003-05-30 | 2003-05-30 | マグネシウム基合金成形体の製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004106576A1 true WO2004106576A1 (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2004/005226 WO2004106576A1 (ja) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-04-12 | マグネシウム基合金成形体の製造方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070169858A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1645651B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4332889B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100727211B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100476012C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004021808D1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI279446B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004106576A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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---|---|---|---|---|
EP1640622A1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2006-03-29 | Sumitomo (Sei) Steel Wire Corp. | Magnesium-base alloy screw and method of manufacturing the same |
Families Citing this family (16)
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JP4849377B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-13 | 2012-01-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マグネシウム合金ねじの製造方法及びマグネシウム合金ねじ |
JP5224259B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-17 | 2013-07-03 | 新潟県 | マグネシウム合金薄板の塑性加工方法 |
JP2009280846A (ja) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-12-03 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | マグネシウム合金鍛造部材及びその製造方法 |
CN102046821B (zh) * | 2008-06-03 | 2013-03-27 | 独立行政法人物质·材料研究机构 | Mg基合金 |
TWI391504B (zh) * | 2008-07-24 | 2013-04-01 | Chung Shan Inst Of Science | Grain - refined magnesium alloy sheet and its manufacturing method |
JP2010147259A (ja) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-01 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | マグネシウム合金圧延板成形体およびそれを用いた電気機器 |
JP2010157598A (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-15 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | マグネシウム合金部材とその製造方法 |
JP5348624B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-24 | 2013-11-20 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マグネシウム合金ねじ |
JP5741923B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-15 | 2015-07-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | カバー部材 |
WO2013052791A2 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | University Of Pittsburgh-Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Biodegradable metal alloys |
CN103243282B (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-04-22 | 太原理工大学 | 一种镁合金薄板材的制备方法 |
CN108754367A (zh) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-06 | 中南大学 | 一种原子偏聚和原子团簇强化Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金方法 |
CN108728710A (zh) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-02 | 中南大学 | 一种vw93m超高强纳米梯度镁合金制备方法 |
CN108796329A (zh) * | 2018-07-07 | 2018-11-13 | 中南大学 | 一种高热稳定性Mg-Gd-Y-Zr纳米镁合金制备方法 |
EP3741880B1 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2023-06-28 | Volkswagen AG | Sheet metal product with high bendability and manufacturing thereof |
US20220354607A1 (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Packaging assemblies for surgical staple cartridges containing bioabsorbable staples |
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2003
- 2003-05-30 JP JP2003155476A patent/JP4332889B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-12 EP EP04726905A patent/EP1645651B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-12 DE DE602004021808T patent/DE602004021808D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-12 WO PCT/JP2004/005226 patent/WO2004106576A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-04-12 KR KR1020057022136A patent/KR100727211B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-12 CN CNB2004800151311A patent/CN100476012C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-12 US US10/556,434 patent/US20070169858A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-28 TW TW093115213A patent/TWI279446B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Title |
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OISHI Y. ET AL.: "Kokyodo magnesium gokin wire no kaihatsu", SEI TECHNICAL REVIEW, no. 162, February 2003 (2003-02-01), pages 57 - 61, XP002983073 * |
See also references of EP1645651A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1640622A1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2006-03-29 | Sumitomo (Sei) Steel Wire Corp. | Magnesium-base alloy screw and method of manufacturing the same |
EP1640622A4 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2006-10-18 | Sumitomo Sei Steel Wire Corp | MAGNESIUM ALLOY SCREWS AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
EP2012027A1 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2009-01-07 | Sumitomo (Sei) Steel Wire Corp. | Magnesium-based alloy screw and producing method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20060003908A (ko) | 2006-01-11 |
DE602004021808D1 (de) | 2009-08-13 |
CN1798857A (zh) | 2006-07-05 |
JP2004353067A (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
US20070169858A1 (en) | 2007-07-26 |
EP1645651A4 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
TWI279446B (en) | 2007-04-21 |
KR100727211B1 (ko) | 2007-06-13 |
CN100476012C (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
JP4332889B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 |
TW200500473A (en) | 2005-01-01 |
EP1645651B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
EP1645651A1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
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