WO2004102597A2 - 電極用複合粒子及びその製造方法、電極及びその製造方法、並びに電気化学素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電極用複合粒子及びその製造方法、電極及びその製造方法、並びに電気化学素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004102597A2 WO2004102597A2 PCT/JP2004/006879 JP2004006879W WO2004102597A2 WO 2004102597 A2 WO2004102597 A2 WO 2004102597A2 JP 2004006879 W JP2004006879 W JP 2004006879W WO 2004102597 A2 WO2004102597 A2 WO 2004102597A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode usable for an electrochemical element such as a primary battery, a secondary battery (particularly, a lithium ion secondary battery), an electrolytic cell, and a capacitor (particularly, an electrochemical capacitor).
- the present invention relates to a composite particle for an electrode which is a constituent material of the present invention and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention relates to an electrode using the composite particles for an electrode as a constituent material, a method for producing the same, an electrochemical device provided with the electrode, and a method for producing the same.
- Such a high-energy battery mainly includes a power source, an anode, and an electrolyte layer (for example, a layer made of a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte) disposed between the power source and the anode.
- an electrolyte layer for example, a layer made of a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte
- electrochemical devices such as high-energy batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries and electrochemical capacitors such as electric double-layer capacitors are installed in electrochemical devices such as portable devices.
- Various R & D activities are under way to further improve the characteristics of the equipment to be developed in order to respond to future developments. In particular, it is desired to further increase the power density, and even if the load demand from the equipment suddenly fluctuates greatly, an excellent charge that can sufficiently follow this demand.
- Realized electrochemical device with discharge characteristics It is desired to do.
- the above-mentioned force source and / or anode contains each electrode active material, a binder (synthetic resin or the like), a conductive auxiliary, a dispersion medium and / or a solvent.
- a coating solution for electrode formation for example, slurry or paste
- an active material-containing layer On the surface of the current collector. It is manufactured (for example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-2833615).
- the conductive additive may not be added to the coating solution in some cases.
- a kneaded material containing an electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive additive was prepared without using a dispersion medium and a solvent in place of the coating solution, and the kneaded material was heated with a hot roll press and / or Alternatively, it may be formed into a sheet by using a hot press machine.
- a conductive polymer may be further added to the coating liquid to form a so-called “polymer electrode”.
- a method of applying a coating solution to the surface of the electrolyte layer may be adopted.
- composite particles composed of manganese dioxide (active material of force source) particles and carbon material powder (conductive additive) immobilized on the surface of the manganese dioxide particles are used.
- a positive electrode for a rechargeable lithium battery and a method for manufacturing the same have been proposed, which is intended to further improve the battery characteristics by preventing the decrease in the charge / discharge capacity of the battery caused by the cathode by using it as a source electrode material. (See, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-262322).
- a solid content of 20 to 50% by weight comprising a positive electrode active material (active material of a force source), a conductive agent (conductive auxiliary agent), a binder and a solvent.
- the internal resistance (impedance) of the entire active material containing layer can be reduced by reducing the thickness of the active material containing layer of the electrode. It is possible that the above intentions can be achieved. However, in this case, the content of the active material becomes insufficient, and the battery capacity and the energy density of the battery cannot be sufficiently secured. Since the current collector and the separator do not contribute to the battery capacity, the battery capacity cannot be sufficiently secured from this viewpoint.
- the composite particles described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H2-262643 have low mechanical strength and carbon immobilized on the surface of manganese dioxide particles during electrode formation. Since the material powder is easy to peel off, the dispersibility of the carbon material powder in the obtained electrode is likely to be insufficient, and the expected electrode characteristics are improved. The present inventors have found that it has not been possible to achieve this.
- a slurry comprising a solvent is spray-dried in hot air.
- it is manufactured as a lump (composite particle) composed of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder.
- the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder are dispersed and dispersed in the solvent, the drying and the solidification proceed.
- the conductive agent and the binder do not adhere to the surface of the particles composed of the respective positive electrode active materials constituting the lump (composite particles) in a state in which the conductive agent and the binder respectively maintain an effective conductive network and are sufficiently dispersed.
- the present inventors have found that further improvement in battery output has not been reliably and sufficiently achieved.
- the particles composed of the respective positive electrode active materials are surrounded only by the aggregate P33 composed of a large binder, and are electrically isolated in the mass (composite particles) P100.
- the present inventors have found that there are many P11 that are not used.
- the particles made of the conductive agent become aggregates during drying, the particles made of the conductive agent are unevenly distributed as aggregates P22 in the obtained lump (composite particles) P100.
- the present inventors have found that a sufficient electron conduction path (electron conduction network) cannot be constructed in the lump (composite particle) P100, and sufficient electron conductivity cannot be obtained.
- the aggregate P22 of particles made of a conductive agent may be electrically isolated by being surrounded only by the aggregate P33 made of a large binder.
- Sufficient electron conduction path in P 100 Electrode conduction network The present inventors have found that h) cannot be constructed, and sufficient electron conductivity cannot be obtained.
- conventional electrodes including the composite particles described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Hei 2-26224 and JP-A-2000-504504 are disclosed.
- a binder binder having low insulating or electronic conductivity is used together with the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary agent. It was not possible to secure sufficient electronic conductivity.
- binding is performed. The present inventors have found that the use of an agent causes the above problem.
- Electrolytic cells having electrodes manufactured by a method using a slurry containing the same and capacitors also had the same problems as described above.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the related art, and has excellent electrode characteristics even when a binder is used as a constituent material of the electrode. Form easily and reliably It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite particle for an electrode that can be used.
- the present invention includes a composite particle for an electrode as a constituent material, the internal resistance is sufficiently reduced, and the excellent electrode characteristics capable of easily increasing the output density of the electrochemical element sufficiently. And an electrochemical device provided with the electrode and having excellent charge / discharge characteristics that can sufficiently follow a sudden and large load demand. With the goal.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method capable of easily and reliably obtaining the above-described composite particles for an electrode, an electrode, and an electrochemical device.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object.
- the electrode active material, the conductive additive Since a method using a coating solution or a kneaded material containing at least a binder is employed, the dispersion state of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder in the active material-containing layer of the obtained electrode becomes non-uniform. Has had a significant effect on the occurrence of the above-mentioned problems.
- the active material is formed by applying a coating solution or a kneaded material to the surface of a current collector to form a coating film composed of the coating solution or the kneaded material on the surface, drying the coating film and removing a solvent. A containing layer is formed.
- the present inventors have found that in the process of drying the coating film, the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder having a low specific gravity float up to near the surface of the coating film.
- the dispersed state of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder in the coating film does not form an effective conductive network, for example, the dispersed state becomes non-uniform.
- sufficient adhesion between the three members of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder was not obtained, and a good electron conduction path was not formed in the obtained active material-containing layer. It was found that the specific resistance and the charge transfer overvoltage were not sufficiently reduced.
- conventional slurries including the composite particles described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-504504 are granulated by a spray drying method (spray dry ing).
- the positive electrode active material active material of the power source
- the conductive agent conductive auxiliary agent
- the binder are contained in the same slurry.
- the dispersion state of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder in the composite particles depends on the dispersion state of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder in the slurry (particularly, the drying of the slurry droplets).
- the present inventors contact the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder with the electrolytic solution and selectively and satisfactorily disperse them on the surface of the electrode active material that can participate in the electrode reaction.
- the present inventors have proposed a conventional technology including the composite particles disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. Hei 2-262324 and 2000-504504.
- the dispersion state of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder in the coating film becomes non-uniform, so that the adhesion of the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary agent to the current collector is not sufficiently obtained. Also found. In particular, the dispersed state of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder in the coating film and the electrode obtained therefrom becomes non-uniform, and these components are unevenly distributed in the electrode. It becomes remarkable when the value is increased.
- the inventors of the present invention have recognized that although a binder is used, the internal resistance of an electrode tends to increase, despite the general perception of those skilled in the art.
- the present inventors have found the following, and have reached the present invention. That is, the present inventors previously formed particles containing an electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a binder through the following granulation step, and formed an active material-containing layer of an electrode using the particles as a constituent material.
- the active material-containing layer whose specific resistance (or the internal resistance when normalized by apparent deposition) is sufficiently lower than the value of the electrode active material itself. Have been found, and the present invention has been achieved.
- the present invention includes: an electrode active material; a conductive auxiliary having electron conductivity; and a binder capable of binding the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary.
- Composite particles for an electrode
- the granulation process is
- a raw material liquid preparation method for preparing a raw material liquid containing a binder, a conductive aid, and a solvent is provided.
- a fluidized bed process in which particles made of the electrode active material are put into a fluidized tank and the particles made of the electrode active material are fluidized
- the raw material liquid By spraying the raw material liquid into the fluidized bed containing the particles composed of the electrode active material, the raw material liquid is adhered to the particles composed of the electrode active material and dried. Removing the solvent.
- the present invention provides a composite particle for an electrode, characterized in that:
- the “electrode active material” as a constituent material of the composite particles for an electrode indicates the following materials depending on the electrode to be formed. That is, when the electrode to be formed is an electrode used as an anode of a primary battery, the “electrode active material” indicates a reducing agent, and when the electrode to be formed is a power source of a primary battery, the “electrode active material” Indicates an oxidizing agent.
- the “particles made of an electrode active material” may contain substances other than the electrode active material to such an extent that the function of the present invention (function of the electrode active material) is not impaired.
- the “electrode active material” is a reducing agent, and its reduced and oxidized materials
- the electrode to be formed is a power source (during discharge) used in a secondary battery
- the “electrode active material” is an oxidizing agent, and in either the reduced or oxidized state.
- it refers to a substance capable of reversibly proceeding a reduction reaction from an oxidized product to a reduced product and an oxidation reaction from a reduced product to an oxidized product.
- the “electrode active material” occludes metal ions involved in the electrode reaction.
- the material may be capable of being released (interrate rate or doping * undoping).
- the material include a carbon material used for an anode and a Z or a power source of a lithium ion secondary battery, a metal oxide (including a composite metal oxide), and the like.
- the anode electrode active material is referred to as “anode active material”
- the force electrode electrode active material is referred to as “force source active material”.
- the “anode” in the case of “anode active material” is based on the polarity at the time of battery discharge (negative electrode active material)
- the “anode” in the case of “force sword active material” Is based on the polarity of the battery during discharge (positive electrode active material).
- positive electrode active material positive electrode active material
- the “electrode active material” has an electron conductivity. Indicates metal (including metal alloy), metal oxide or carbon material.
- the composite particles for an electrode of the present invention are particles in which the conductive auxiliary agent, the electrode active material, and the binder are closely adhered to each other in a very good dispersion state.
- the composite particles for an electrode of the present invention are characterized in that in the granulation step, the temperature in the fluidized vessel, the amount of the raw material liquid sprayed into the fluidized vessel, The particle size can be adjusted by adjusting the amount, the speed of the airflow generated in the fluidized tank, and the style of the airflow (circulation) (laminar flow, turbulence, etc.). Then, the composite particles for an electrode are used as a constituent material of a coating solution or a kneaded product when producing an electrode.
- the flow method is not particularly limited.
- a fluidized tank in which particles are caused to flow by generating an airflow and the particles are flown a fluidized tank in which particles are rotated and flown by a stirring blade, and a fluidized tank in which particles are caused to flow by vibration.
- an air flow is generated in a fluidized tank, and the electrode activity is generated in the air flow. It is preferable that the particles made of a substance are charged and the particles made of the electrode active material are fluidized.
- An extremely good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) is three-dimensionally constructed inside the composite particles for electrodes.
- the structure of the electron conduction path is such that the preparation conditions can be adjusted even after preparing a coating solution or a kneaded material containing the particles (for example, coating).
- the initial state can be easily maintained by selecting a dispersion medium or a solvent when preparing the liquid.
- a liquid film made of a coating solution or a kneaded material containing the composite particles for an electrode is formed on the surface of the current collecting member, and then a process of solidifying the liquid film (for example, drying the liquid film) ), The adhesion between the conductive agent, the electrode active material, and the binder, and the decrease in the adhesion between the conductive agent and the electrode active material to the surface of the current collecting member are reduced. It can be sufficiently prevented.
- the present inventors have found that an extremely good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) in the active material containing layer of the electrode obtained in the present invention as compared with the conventional electrode. I guess it is constructed in three dimensions.
- the electrode composite particles of the present invention by using the electrode composite particles of the present invention, it is possible to obtain better electrode characteristics than before. That is, the energy density per capacity of an electrochemical element such as a battery can be easily and surely improved as compared with the related art. Furthermore, even when the active material containing layer of the electrode is relatively thin (for example, when the thickness is 100 ⁇ m or less), the composite particles for an electrode of the present invention having excellent electron conductivity should be used. Thus, an electrode having a low internal resistance can be formed, so that an electrochemical element provided with this electrode has a relatively high current density (for example, when the thickness of the active material-containing layer is 1 OO / zm) as compared with the conventional one. In addition, quick and reproducible charge / discharge (only when the electrochemical element is a primary battery) is possible with SmAZ cm 2 or more.
- a conductive polymer having ion conductivity is added as a component other than the composite particles for electrodes, or (C) the ion conductivity is reduced.
- the conductive polymer is added to the composite material for the electrode and as a component of the electrode-forming coating liquid or the electrode-forming kneaded material, by either of these methods. Also, an extremely good ion conduction path can be easily constructed in the active material containing layer of the electrode.
- the conductive polymer having ionic conductivity When a conductive polymer having ionic conductivity can be used as a binder to be a constituent material of the composite particles for an electrode, the conductive polymer having ionic conductivity may be used. May be used. It is considered that the binder having ion conductivity also contributes to the construction of the ion conduction path in the active material containing layer.
- the polymer electrode described above By using the composite particles for an electrode, the polymer electrode described above can be formed.
- a polymer electrolyte having electron conductivity may be used as a binder that is a constituent material of the composite particles for an electrode.
- An electrode formed by using the composite particles for an electrode of the present invention is composed of a conductive agent, an electrode active material, and an electrolyte (a solid electrolyte or a liquid electrolyte) which serve as a reaction field of a charge transfer reaction that proceeds in the active material-containing layer.
- the contact interface is formed three-dimensionally and with a sufficient size, and the electrical contact between the active material-containing layer and the current collecting member is in an extremely good state.
- the dispersed particles of the conductive auxiliary agent, the electrode active material, and the binder are excellent in the dispersion state of the electrode. Since the conductive layer is formed in advance, the amounts of the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder can be sufficiently reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- the conductive polymer when a conductive polymer is used, the conductive polymer is the same as the conductive polymer that is a component of the composite particles for an electrode described above. May also be heterogeneous.
- the electrode active material may be an active material usable for a cathode of a primary battery or a secondary battery. Further, in the present invention, the electrode active material may be an active material usable for an anode of a primary battery or a secondary battery. Further, in the present invention, the electrode active material may be a carbon material or a metal oxide having electron conductivity that can be used for an electrode constituting an electrolysis cell or a capacitor.
- the electrolysis cell or the capacitor includes at least a first electrode (anode), a second electrode (force source), and an electrolyte layer having ion conductivity.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrochemical cell having a configuration in which a first electrode (anode) and a second electrode (force source) are opposed to each other via an electrolyte layer.
- capacitor is synonymous with “capacitor”.
- An electrochemical device capable of obtaining excellent charge / discharge characteristics by providing an electrode including the composite particles for an electrode as at least one of, and preferably both of the anode and the cathode. Can be configured easily and reliably.
- the present invention also provides an electrode active material, a conductive auxiliary having electron conductivity, a binder capable of binding the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary, A conductive active material-containing layer containing composite particles containing
- the composite particles are formed through a granulation process in which a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder are brought into close contact with the particles made of the electrode active material and integrated therewith.
- the agent is electrically isolated without being isolated,
- An electrode is provided.
- the electrode of the present invention has a sufficiently reduced specific resistance and charge transfer overvoltage of the active material-containing layer as compared with the conventional electrode, it is necessary to sufficiently increase the output density of the electrochemical device. Can be easily and reliably performed.
- the composite particles used in the electrode of the present invention are particles in which a conductive auxiliary agent, an electrode active material, and a binder are adhered to each other in a very good dispersion state.
- the composite particles are used as a main component of the powder when the active material-containing layer of the electrode is manufactured by a dry method described later, or the active material-containing layer of the electrode is formed by a wet method described later. It is used as a constituent material of a coating liquid or a kneaded material in the production of the compound.
- an extremely good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) is three-dimensionally constructed.
- the structure of the electron-conducting path is determined after the active material-containing layer is formed by heat treatment. Can maintain almost the original condition. Further, when the structure of the electron conduction path is used as a constituent material of a coating solution or a kneaded material when the active material-containing layer of the electrode is manufactured by a wet method described later, a coating solution containing the composite particles or a kneading material is used. Adjusting the preparation conditions even after preparing the product (For example, selection of a dispersion medium or a solvent at the time of preparing a coating liquid, etc.) makes it possible to easily maintain an almost initial state.
- the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary agent are not isolated in the active material-containing layer. Electrically coupled to For this reason, very good electron conduction paths (electron conduction networks) are three-dimensionally constructed in the active material-containing layer.
- “the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary agent are electrically coupled without being isolated in the active material-containing layer” means that the particles (or the electrode active material) in the active material-containing layer are made of the electrode active material. This indicates that the agglomerate) and the particles (or the agglomerate) made of the conductive additive are electrically connected without being “substantially” isolated.
- the particles of the electrode active material (or agglomerates thereof) and the particles of the conductive additive are not completely isolated and electrically connected, but the effect of the present invention is obtained. c indicating that electrically bond well within the range that can achieve the electrical resistance levels for
- the state of "the active material-containing layer and the electrode active material and the conductive assistant are electrically isolated without being isolated” is the active material-containing layer of the electrode of the present invention.
- SEM Sccanning Electron Microscope: Transmission Electron Microscope
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- EDX Energy
- the electrode of the present invention compares the SEM photograph, the TEM photograph and the EDX analysis data of the cross section of the active material containing layer with the SEM photograph, the TEM photograph and the EDX analysis data of the conventional electrode. Thus, it can be clearly distinguished from conventional electrodes.
- the granulation step includes a raw material liquid preparation step of preparing a raw material liquid containing a binder, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a solvent,
- a fluidized bed process in which particles made of the electrode active material are put into a fluidized tank and the particles made of the electrode active material are fluidized
- the raw material liquid By spraying the raw material liquid into the fluidized bed containing the particles composed of the electrode active material, the raw material liquid is adhered to the particles composed of the electrode active material and dried. Removing the solvent.
- the granulation step having the above-described configuration it is possible to more reliably form the above-described composite particles, and to further surely obtain the effects of the present invention.
- the fine particles of the raw material liquid containing the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder are directly sprayed on the particles made of the electrode active material in the fluidized tank.
- the progress of agglomeration of the constituent particles constituting the composite particles can be sufficiently prevented, and as a result, the uneven distribution of the constituent particles in the obtained composite particles can be sufficiently prevented.
- the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder can be brought into contact with the electrolytic solution, and can be selectively and satisfactorily dispersed on the surface of the electrode active material that can participate in the electrode reaction.
- the composite particles are particles in which the conductive auxiliary agent, the electrode active material, and the binder are adhered to each other in an extremely good dispersion state. Further, in the granulation process, the composite particles are generated in the fluidized vessel at a temperature in the fluidized vessel, a spray of the raw material liquid sprayed into the fluidized vessel, The particle size can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the electrode active material to be charged into the flowing air flow, the speed of the air flow generated in the fluidized vessel, the flow (circulation) style (laminar flow, turbulence, etc.) of the flow. Can be adjusted.
- An extremely good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) is formed inside the composite particles formed by the granulation step having this configuration.
- the structure of the electron conduction path is such that when the active material containing layer of the electrode is used as a main component of the powder when the layer is manufactured by a dry method described later, the active material containing layer is heated. Even after the formation of the layer, almost the initial state can be maintained.
- the structure of the electron conducting path is such that when the active material-containing layer of the electrode is used as a constituent material of a coating solution or a kneaded material when the layer is manufactured by a wet method described later, a coating solution containing the composite particles or a kneading material is used. Even after the preparation of the product, it is possible to easily maintain almost the initial state by adjusting the preparation conditions (for example, selecting a dispersion medium or a solvent when preparing the coating solution).
- the active material-containing layer of the electrode is manufactured by a wet method described below, a liquid film made of a coating solution or a kneaded material containing composite particles is formed on the current collector surface. Then, in the process of solidifying the liquid film (for example, in the process of drying the liquid film, etc.), the adhesion between the conventional conductive auxiliary agent, the electrode active material, and the binder is reduced, and Sufficiently reduce the adhesion of the conductive auxiliary agent and electrode active material to the surface of the Can be prevented.
- an extremely good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) is three-dimensionally constructed as compared with the conventional electrode.
- the present inventors speculate that the specific resistance and the charge transfer overvoltage of the active material-containing layer can be drastically reduced.
- the active material-containing layer of the electrode is relatively thin (for example, when the thickness is 100 m or less), the composite particles having excellent electron conductivity should be used. Therefore, an electrode having a low internal resistance (impedance) can be formed. Therefore, an electrochemical element provided with this electrode has a relatively high current density (for example, a thickness of the active material-containing layer of 10 Om In this case, rapid and reproducible charge / discharge (only when the electrochemical element is a primary battery) with SmAZ cm 2 or more is possible, and high output can be easily achieved. Can be.
- the thickness T of the active material-containing layer and the average particle diameter d of the composite particles contained in the active material-containing layer are determined.
- Equations (1) to (3) When the conditions of Equations (1) to (3) are not satisfied at the same time, the following tendency becomes large. That is, when (T / d) in the formula (1) is less than 0.0005, a layer composed of composite particles dispersed (arranged) on a current collector to form an active material-containing layer. Pressure when rolling As the force increases, it tends to be difficult to maintain the good electron conduction network in the composite particles described above.
- T in the formula (2) when T in the formula (2) is less than 1 ⁇ m, the mechanical strength of the active material-containing layer becomes insufficient, and the tendency that sufficient handling properties cannot be obtained increases. . If T in equation (2) exceeds 150 / xm, the distance between the upper portion of the active material-containing layer (the portion near the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the current collector) and the current collector increases. However, the longer the charge transfer path is, the more likely it is that sufficient output characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the particles serving as nuclei (such as particles made of an electrode active material) in the production of the composite particles are too small to be sufficiently composited.
- the tendency to not be able to perform is increased.
- the tendency is that it becomes difficult for core particles to aggregate in the fluidized tank to form a stable fluidized bed.
- d in the formula (3) exceeds 2 mm, large particles must be used as core particles in producing composite particles. In this case, since the ion diffusion rate of the particles having a large particle diameter is high, the tendency that sufficient output characteristics cannot be obtained increases.
- the electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the active material-containing layer has a conductive property. It may be characterized by further containing a conductive polymer, whereby the polymer electrode described above can be formed.
- the conductive polymer may be characterized in that it is a conductive polymer having ion conductivity, and the conductive polymer is a conductive polymer having electron conductivity. It may be a feature. Further, as the conductive polymer, a conductive polymer having ionic conductivity and a conductive polymer having electron conductivity may be used in combination.
- an electrode having better electron conductivity and ion conductivity than conventional electrodes can be formed easily and reliably.
- composite particles are used as the main component of the powder when the active material-containing layer of the electrode is manufactured by a dry method described below, such conductive high molecules other than the composite particles are contained in the powder. By being added as a component of the above, it can be contained in the active material-containing layer.
- such a conductive polymer contains an active material by adding the conductive polymer as a component other than the composite particles. It can be contained in a layer.
- a conductive polymer may be further added as a constituent material when forming the composite particles. That is, the composite particles may be further characterized by further containing a conductive polymer.
- the conductive polymer may be a conductive polymer having ionic conductivity
- the conductive polymer may be a conductive polymer having electronic conductivity. May be featured.
- a conductive polymer having ionic conductivity and a conductive polymer having electronic conductivity may be used in combination as the conductive polymer.
- an extremely good ion conduction path and / or An electron conduction path can be easily constructed.
- Such a conductive polymer can be contained in the composite particles by further adding as a constituent material when forming the composite particles.
- the conductive polymer having ion conductivity when a conductive polymer can be used as a binder as a constituent material of the composite particles, the conductive polymer having ion conductivity May be used. That is, the present invention may be characterized in that the binder is made of a conductive polymer. It is considered that the binder having ion conductivity contributes to the construction of the ion conduction path in the active material containing layer, and the binder having electron conductivity contributes to the construction of the electron conduction path in the active material containing layer.
- the conductive polymer is a constituent material of the composite particles, a constituent component of a powder for forming an electrode (dry method), a constituent component of a coating solution for forming an electrode (wet method), Also, it may be added to any of the constituents of the kneaded material for electrode formation (wet method). Also in this case, an extremely good ion conduction path can be easily constructed in the active material containing layer of the electrode.
- the electrodes formed using the composite particles are composed of a conductive auxiliary, an electrode active material, and an electrolyte (solid electrolyte or liquid electrolyte) that serve as reaction sites for an electron transfer reaction that proceeds in the active material-containing layer.
- the contact interface between the active material-containing layer and the current collector is in an extremely good state, and the contact interface between the active material-containing layer and the current collector is formed in a three-dimensional and sufficient size.
- composite particles in which the conductive auxiliary agent, the electrode active material, and the binder are each in a very good dispersion state are prepared in advance. Since it is formed, the amounts of the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder can be sufficiently reduced as compared with the conventional case.
- the conductive polymer is the same as the conductive polymer that is a component of the composite particles described above. May also be heterogeneous.
- the electrode active material may be an active material that can be used for a power source of a primary battery or a secondary battery.
- the electrode active material may be an active material that can be used for an anode of a primary battery or a secondary battery.
- the electrode active material may be a carbon material or a metal oxide having electron conductivity that can be used for an electrode constituting an electrolysis cell or a capacitor.
- the present invention includes at least an anode, a power source, and an electrolyte layer having ion conductivity, and the anode and the cathode are arranged to face each other with the electrolyte layer interposed therebetween.
- An electrochemical device having a configuration, wherein any one of the above-described electrodes of the present invention is provided as one or both electrodes of an anode and a force source.
- an electrochemical device Provided is an electrochemical device.
- the "electrochemical element” has at least a first electrode (anode) and a second electrode (cathode) facing each other, These first and second electrodes 1 shows a structure having at least an electrolyte layer having ionic conductivity disposed between them.
- the “electrolyte layer having ionic conductivity” means (i) a porous separator formed of an insulating material, in which an electrolyte solution (or a gelling agent is added to the electrolyte solution).
- a solid electrolyte membrane (a membrane composed of a solid polymer electrolyte or a membrane containing an ion-conductive inorganic material); and (iii) an electrolyte solution.
- a layer made of a gel electrolyte obtained by adding a gelling agent, and a layer made of an (iv) electrolyte solution are shown.
- the first electrode and the second electrode also contain the electrolyte used for each. It may have a configuration.
- a laminated body including a first electrode (anode), an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode (force source) is It is called "primary field" as needed.
- the element body has a structure of five or more layers in which the electrodes and the electrolyte layers are alternately laminated, in addition to the three-layer structure, as in the above-described structures (i) to (iii). May be.
- the electrochemical element is a module in which a plurality of unit cells are arranged in series or in parallel in one case. It may have a configuration.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention may be characterized in that the electrolyte layer is made of a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte may be characterized by comprising a ceramic solid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, or a gel electrolyte obtained by adding a gelling agent to a liquid electrolyte.
- an electrochemical element whose constituent elements are all solid for example, a so-called "all-solid-state battery" can be formed. As a result, the weight, the energy density, and the safety of the electrochemical device can be more easily improved.
- the electrolyte layer is impregnated in a separator made of an insulating porous material and a separator. And a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte. Also in this case, when a solid electrolyte is used, a ceramic solid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, or a gel electrolyte obtained by adding a gelling agent to a liquid electrolyte can be used.
- the present invention provides a method in which a conductive agent and a binder capable of binding the electrode active material and the conductive agent are adhered to particles made of the electrode active material.
- a granulation step of forming composite particles containing the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder is provided,
- the granulation process is
- a fluidized bed process in which particles made of the electrode active material are put into a fluidized tank and the particles made of the electrode active material are fluidized
- the raw material liquid By spraying the raw material liquid into the fluidized bed containing the particles composed of the electrode active material, the raw material liquid is adhered to the particles composed of the electrode active material and dried. Removing the solvent.
- a spray drying step in which the particles made of the electrode active material and the particles made of the conductive additive are brought into close contact with a binder;
- the composite particles for an electrode of the present invention having the above-described structure can be easily and reliably formed. Therefore, by using the composite particles for an electrode obtained by this manufacturing method, an electrode having excellent polarization characteristics can be more easily and reliably formed, and as a result, excellent charge / discharge characteristics can be obtained. It is possible to easily and surely configure an electrochemical element having the same.
- the above-mentioned "a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder are brought into close contact with the particles made of an electrode active material, and are integrated.
- the term “converting” means that at least a part of the surface of the particles made of the electrode active material is brought into contact with the particles made of the conductive additive and the particles made of the binder. In other words, it is sufficient that the surface of the particles made of the electrode active material is partially covered with the particles made of the conductive additive and the particles made of the binder, and it is not necessary to cover the entire surface.
- the “binder” used in the granulation step of the method for producing composite particles for an electrode of the present invention is a binder capable of binding an electrode active material and a conductive auxiliary used together. Show.
- the granulation step is carried out. It is preferable to adjust the temperature in the fluidized vessel to 50 ° C or higher and to a temperature that does not significantly exceed the melting point of the binder.
- the melting point is more preferably adjusted to be lower than the melting point.
- the melting point of the binder is, for example, about 200 ° C., although it depends on the type of the binder.
- the airflow generated in the fluidized vessel is preferably an airflow composed of air, nitrogen gas, or an inert gas.
- the humidity (relative humidity) in the fluidized tank is preferably set to 30% or less in the above preferable temperature range.
- the solvent contained in the raw material liquid is capable of dissolving or dispersing the binder, and contains a conductive additive. Preferably, it is dispersible. According to this, the dispersibility of the binder, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the electrode active material in the obtained composite particles for an electrode can be further improved. From the viewpoint of further improving the dispersibility of the binder, the conductive additive and the electrode active material in the electrode composite particles, the solvent contained in the raw material liquid can dissolve the binder and disperse the conductive additive. Is more preferable.
- the manufacturing method of the composite particles for an electrode of the present invention thereby good c be characterized in that as a binding Chakuzai using a conductive polymer, for the resulting electrode
- the composite particles will further contain a conductive polymer.
- the polymer electrode described above can be formed.
- the above conductive polymer may have ionic conductivity or may have electronic conductivity.
- the conductive polymer has ion conductivity, it is necessary to construct an extremely good ion conduction path (ion conduction network) in the active material containing layer of the electrode more easily and more reliably. Can be.
- the conductive polymer has electron conductivity, the conductive polymer extremely A good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) can be constructed more easily and more reliably.
- the raw material liquid may further contain a conductive polymer.
- the obtained electrode composite particles further contain a conductive polymer.
- the polymer electrode described above can be formed.
- the above conductive polymer may have ionic conductivity or may have electronic conductivity. When the conductive polymer has ionic conductivity, it is easier and more reliable to establish an extremely good ion conduction path (ion conduction network) in the active material containing layer of the electrode. it can. When the conductive polymer has electronic conductivity, it is easier and more reliable to establish an extremely good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) in the active material containing layer of the electrode. it can.
- the present invention further provides a conductive active material-containing layer containing an electrode active material, a conductive current collector disposed in electrical contact with the active material-containing layer, A method of producing an electrode having at least a conductive agent and a binder capable of binding the electrode active material and the conductive agent to particles of the electrode active material. Integrated A granulation step of forming composite particles containing the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder,
- the granulation process is
- a fluidized bed process in which particles made of the electrode active material are put into a fluidized tank and the particles made of the electrode active material are fluidized
- the raw material liquid By spraying the raw material liquid into the fluidized bed containing the particles composed of the electrode active material, the raw material liquid is adhered to the particles composed of the electrode active material and dried.
- the present invention provides a method for producing an electrode, comprising:
- the above-mentioned composite particles to be a constituent material of the electrode of the present invention can be easily and reliably formed. Therefore, by using the composite particles obtained by this granulation process, it is possible to more easily and surely form an electrode having an electrode characteristic such as an excellent output density and an excellent polarization characteristic. An electrochemical device having characteristics can be easily and reliably configured.
- the above-mentioned “bonding of a conductive additive to particles comprising an electrode active material” is performed.
- the term ⁇ contact and integration of the agent '' refers to a state in which at least a part of the surface of the particle made of the electrode active material is brought into contact with the particle made of the conductive additive and the particle made of the binder. Is shown. In other words, it is sufficient that the surface of the particles composed of the electrode active material is partially covered with the particles composed of the conductive additive and the particles composed of the binder, and it is necessary to cover the entire surface. There is no.
- the “binder” used in the granulation step of the method for producing a composite particle of the present invention is a binder capable of binding the electrode active material and the conductive additive used together. Show.
- the granulation step includes controlling the temperature in the fluidized vessel. It is preferable to adjust the temperature to a temperature not lower than the melting point of the binder at 50 ° C or more, and to adjust the temperature in the fluidized bath to 50 ° C or higher and lower than the melting point of the binder. More preferred.
- the melting point of the binder is a force depending on the type of the binder, for example, about 200 ° C. When the temperature in the fluidized vessel is lower than 50 ° C, the tendency of the solvent being sprayed to be insufficiently dried increases.
- the temperature in the fluidized vessel greatly exceeds the melting point of the binder, the tendency of the binder to melt and greatly hinder the formation of particles increases. If the temperature in the fluidized tank is slightly higher than the melting point of the binder, the above-mentioned problems can be sufficiently prevented depending on the conditions. Further, if the temperature in the fluidized vessel is lower than the melting point of the binder, the above problem does not occur.
- the composite particles are generated in the fluidized vessel in the granulation step.
- the airflow is the sky It is preferable that the gas flow is composed of gas, nitrogen gas, or an inert gas.
- the humidity (relative humidity) in the fluidized tank is preferably set to 30% or less in the above preferable temperature range.
- “Inert gas” refers to a gas belonging to a rare gas.
- the solvent contained in the raw material liquid is capable of dissolving or dispersing the binder and dispersing the conductive additive.
- the dispersibility of the binder, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the electrode active material in the obtained composite particles can be further increased.
- the solvent contained in the raw material solution can dissolve the binder and disperse the conductive additive. More preferably, there is.
- the raw material liquid may further contain a conductive polymer.
- the obtained composite particles further contain a conductive polymer.
- the polymer electrode described above can be formed by using the composite particles.
- the above conductive polymer may have ionic conductivity or may have electron conductivity. If the conductive polymer has ionic conductivity, an extremely good ion conduction path (ion conduction network) is more easily and more reliably established in the active material-containing layer of the electrode. be able to. When the conductive polymer has electronic conductivity, an extremely good electron conduction path (electron conduction network) is more easily and more reliably established in the active material containing layer of the electrode. be able to.
- the method for producing an electrode of the present invention comprises the steps of: It may be characterized by using a conductive polymer.
- the obtained composite particles further contain a conductive polymer.
- the polymer electrode described above can be formed by using the composite particles.
- the conductive polymer may have ion conductivity or may have electron conductivity.
- an extremely good ion conduction path ion conduction network
- an extremely good electron conduction path ion conduction network
- an extremely good electron conduction path can be more easily and reliably constructed in the active material containing layer of the electrode. .
- an electrode having excellent polarization characteristics can be easily and reliably obtained. Furthermore, by using this electrode for at least one of the anode and the power source, and preferably for both, it is possible to easily and reliably construct an electrochemical device having excellent charge / discharge characteristics.
- the active material-containing layer forming step is a step of subjecting the powder containing at least the composite particles to a heat treatment and a pressure treatment to form a sheet. It is preferable to have a sheet forming step of obtaining at least a sheet containing the sheet, and an active material containing layer disposing step of disposing the sheet as an active material containing layer on a current collector.
- the active material-containing layer forming step by forming the active material-containing layer by a dry method using the composite particles, the internal resistance is sufficiently reduced, and the electrochemical element Output density An electrode having excellent electrode characteristics that can be easily increased can be obtained more reliably.
- a high-power electrode having a relatively thick active material-containing layer (for example, the active material-containing layer having a thickness of 80%), which was difficult with the conventional wet method as well as the conventional dry method. ⁇ 120 m or less) can be easily manufactured.
- the "powder containing at least the composite particles” may be composed of only the composite particles.
- the “powder containing at least composite particles” may further include a binder and / or a conductive auxiliary.
- the ratio of the composite particles in the powder is preferably 80% by mass or more based on the total mass of the powder.
- the first heating member may be a current collector. This makes it possible to omit the step of bringing the produced active material-containing layer into electrical contact with the current collector, thereby improving the working efficiency in some cases.
- the sheeting step is preferably performed using a hot roll press.
- the hot roll press machine has a pair of hot rolls, and the “powder containing at least composite particles” is put between the pair of hot rolls, and heated and pressed to form a sheet. It has a configuration. This makes it possible to easily and reliably form a sheet to be an active material-containing layer.
- the active material-containing layer in the active material-containing layer forming step, may be formed by a dry method using composite particles. Even if the active material-containing layer is formed by a wet method, the effects of the present invention described above can be obtained. You.
- the active material-containing layer forming step includes: a coating liquid preparation step of adding a composite particle to a liquid capable of dispersing or kneading the composite particle to prepare a coating liquid for forming an electrode; A step of applying a coating liquid for forming an electrode to a portion where an active material-containing layer is to be formed; and a step of forming a liquid film comprising a coating liquid for forming an electrode applied to a portion of the current collector where the active material-containing layer is to be formed. And a step of solidifying. [0107] In this case as well, the internal resistance is sufficiently reduced, and an electrode having excellent electrode characteristics capable of easily increasing the output density of the electrochemical element easily and reliably is provided.
- the term "dispersible liquid composite particles” is preferably a liquid that does not dissolve the binder in the composite particle, in the process of forming an active material-containing layer, the composite particles
- the composite particles may have a property of partially dissolving the binder near the surface of the composite particles.
- the binder capable of dispersing the composite particles and the binder and the conductive auxiliary as other components of the composite particles are further added. Is also good.
- the binder added as another component is a binder that can be dissolved in the “liquid capable of dispersing the composite particles”.
- kneading is performed by adding the composite particles to the liquid to prepare a kneaded material for electrode formation including the composite particles.
- Solidifying a coating film made of the kneaded material for use. May be featured.
- the internal resistance is sufficiently reduced, and an electrode having excellent electrode characteristics capable of easily increasing the output density of the electrochemical element easily and reliably is provided.
- the active material-containing layer of the obtained electrode is made relatively thin, so that the output of the electrochemical device can be more reliably increased.
- the thickness T of the active material-containing layer and the average particle diameter d of the composite particles contained in the active material-containing layer are represented by the following formulas (1) to (3). It is preferable to form the active material-containing layer so as to satisfy the condition represented by
- the present invention comprises at least an anode, a power source, and an electrolyte layer having ion conductivity, and the anode and the cathode face each other via the electrolyte layer.
- the present invention provides a method for producing an electrochemical device, characterized by using an electrode.
- the load is reduced. It is possible to easily and reliably obtain an electrochemical device having excellent charge / discharge characteristics that can sufficiently follow the demand even when the demand fluctuates greatly.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of a preferred embodiment (lithium ion secondary battery) of the electrochemical device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the basic configuration of the composite particle of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a granulation step when manufacturing an electrode.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a sheeting step when manufacturing an electrode by a dry method.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a coating liquid preparation step when an electrode is manufactured by a wet method.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing the internal structure in the active material-containing layer of the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of another embodiment of the electrochemical device of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of still another embodiment of the electrochemical device of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for measuring the internal resistance (impedance) of the composite particles for an electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of the active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 11 is a cross section of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention (the same portion as the portion shown in FIG. 9).
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a TEM photograph of the photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of an active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention (the same portion as the portion shown in FIG. 11).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a TEM photograph of the photograph taken in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of the active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention (the portion shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a TEM photograph of the same part).
- Fig. 16 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of an active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by a conventional manufacturing method (wet method). is there.
- FIG. 17 shows a cross section of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method (wet method) (the same portion as the portion shown in FIG. 15).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a TEM photograph of the photograph taken in FIG.
- Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an SEM photograph of a cross section of an active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by a conventional manufacturing method (wet method). is there.
- FIG. 19 shows the cross section of the active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method (wet method).
- FIG. 18 is a view showing a TEM photograph of the same part as that shown in FIG. 18).
- Fig. 20 shows a SEM photograph of a cross section of the active material containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method (wet method). is there.
- FIG. 21 shows a cross section of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method (wet method) (the same portion as the portion shown in Fig. 20).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a TEM photograph of the photograph taken in FIG.
- Fig. 22 schematically shows a partial configuration of the conventional composite particles for an electrode, and an internal structure in an active material-containing layer of an electrode formed using the conventional composite particles for an electrode. It is a schematic sectional view shown typically.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a basic configuration of a preferred embodiment (lithium ion secondary battery) of the electrochemical device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a basic configuration of a composite particle produced in a granulation step in producing an electrode (the anode 2 and the force sword 3 in FIG. 1).
- the electrode included in the electrochemical element according to the present embodiment is a preferable example of the electrode of the present invention.
- composite particles used as a constituent material of such an electrode are a preferred example of the composite particles for an electrode of the present invention.
- the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mainly arranged between the anode 2 and the power source 3, and between the anode 2 and the power source 3. And an electrolyte layer 4.
- the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with the anode 2 and the force sword 3 containing the composite particles P10 shown in FIG. 2 so that the load demand suddenly and largely fluctuates. Even if this is the case, an excellent charge / discharge that can sufficiently follow this will be possible.
- the anode 2 of the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a film-shaped (plate-shaped) current collector 24, and a membrane disposed between the current collector 24 and the electrolyte layer 4. Active material-containing layer 22. Note that this anode 2 is connected to an external power supply node (none is shown) during charging, and functions as a power source. Also this anode
- the shape of 2 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a thin film as shown in the figure.
- the active material-containing layer 22 of the anode 2 is mainly composed of the composite particles P 10 shown in FIG. Further, the composite particles P 10 are composed of particles P 1 composed of an electrode active material, particles P 2 composed of a conductive additive, and particles P 3 composed of a binder. .
- the average particle size of the composite particles P10 is not particularly limited.
- the composite particles P 10 have a structure in which the particles P 1 made of the electrode active material and the particles P 2 made of the conductive additive are electrically connected without being isolated. Therefore, also in the active material containing layer 22, a structure is formed in which the particles P 1 made of the electrode active material and the particles P 2 made of the conductive additive are electrically connected without being isolated.
- the electrode active material constituting the composite particles P10 contained in the anode 2 is not particularly limited, and a known electrode active material may be used.
- a known electrode active material may be used.
- occlusion and release of lithium ions inter-rate, or Is a carbon material such as graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, easily graphitizable carbon, low-temperature calcined carbon, metals that can be combined with lithium such as A1, Si, Sn, etc. i 0 2, S n 0 2 such oxides amorphous compounds mainly of lithium titanate (L i 3 T i 5 0 12) , and the like.
- the conductive auxiliary constituting the composite particles P10 contained in the anode 2 is not particularly limited, and a known conductive auxiliary may be used.
- a known conductive auxiliary may be used.
- carbon materials such as carbon black, highly crystalline artificial graphite, and natural graphite
- metal fine powders such as copper, nickel, stainless steel, and iron
- mixtures of the above carbon materials and metal fine powders and conductive oxides such as ITO Things.
- the binder constituting the composite particles P 10 contained in the anode 2 is not limited as long as it can bind the above-mentioned particles of the electrode active material and the particles P 2 of the conductive auxiliary.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PT polytetrafluoroethylene
- FE Tetrafluoroethylene-hexaphnoleo-propylene copolymer
- FEP Tetrafluoroethylene-hexaphnoleo-propylene copolymer
- PFA Tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoronoreanolyl vinyl ether copolymer
- Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ETFE
- PCTFE Polyethylene Trifluoroethylene
- Fluorocarbon resins such as CTFE
- PVF polyvinyl fluoride
- the binder not only binds the particles P 1 composed of the electrode active material and the particles P 2 composed of the conductive additive, but also binds the foil (current collector 24) and the composite particles P 10 It also contributes to binding.
- binder for example, vinylidene phenolic fluorohexa rubber (VD F—HFP fluorororubber), vinylidenefluoride hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene rubber (VDF-HFP—TFE fluororubber), vinylidenefluoride-pentafluoropropylene Fluoro rubber (VDF-PFP fluorine rubber), vinylidene fluoride-pentafluorene propylene-tetrafluoroethylene fluorine rubber (VDF-PFP-TFE fluorine rubber), -Ridenef / Rheoride-perfluoro-methino-levinole ethere-tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoro rubber (VD F-PF MV E-TFE-based fluoro rubber), vinylidene fluorofluorene ethylene Vinylidene fluoride-based fluororubber such
- the binder may be, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (ethylene terephthalate), aromatic polyamide, senorelose, styrene'butadiene rubber, isoprene. Rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, etc. may be used.
- thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene 'butadiene' styrene block copolymer, hydrogenated products thereof, styrene ⁇ ethylene / butadiene / styrene copolymer, styrene 'isoprene' styrene block copolymer, and hydrogenated products thereof even better c be used
- Tomah one type polymer, syndiotactic 1, 2-polybutadiene, ethylene 'vinyl acetate copolymer, pro propylene alpha -. old Refui emissions (carbon number 2-1 2) copolymers May be used.
- a conductive polymer may be used.
- particles composed of a conductive polymer may be further added to the composite particles # 10 as a component of the composite particles # 10.
- an electrode is formed by a dry method using the composite particles ⁇ 10. At this time, it may be added as a component of a powder containing at least the composite particles.
- particles comprising a conductive polymer are used. May be added as a constituent material of the coating solution or the kneaded material.
- the conductive polymer is not particularly limited as long as it has lithium ion conductivity.
- polymer compounds polyether polymer compounds such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, crosslinked polymers of polyether compounds, polychlorohydrin, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyether vinylidene carbonate Natick DOO, and monomers Poriata Li Roni preparative Rinore etc.
- the polymerization initiator used for complexing include a photopolymerization initiator and a thermal polymerization initiator compatible with the above
- the secondary battery 1 is a metal lithium secondary battery
- its anode is an electrode made of only metal lithium or a lithium alloy also serving as a current collector. It may be.
- the lithium alloy is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alloys such as Li-A1, LiSi, and LiSn (here, LiSi is also treated as an alloy).
- the force source is configured using composite particles P10 having a configuration described later.
- the power source 3 of the secondary battery 1 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a film-like current collector 34 and a film-like current collector 34 disposed between the current collector 34 and the electrolyte layer 4. And an active material containing layer 32.
- the power source 3 is connected to an external power source (not shown) during charging, and functions as an anode.
- the shape of the force sword 3 is not particularly limited.
- the force sword 3 may be a thin film as shown in the drawing.
- As the current collector 34 of the force source 3 for example, an aluminum foil is used.
- the electrode active material constituting the composite particles P10 contained in the force source 3 is not particularly limited, and a known electrode active material may be used.
- a known electrode active material may be used.
- each component other than the electrode active material constituting the composite particles P10 contained in the force source 3 is the same as that constituting the composite particles P10 contained in the anode 2. Substances can be used.
- the binder constituting the composite particles P 10 contained in the force sword 3 not only binds the particles P 1 made of the electrode active material and the particles P 2 made of the conductive auxiliary, but also It also contributes to the binding between the foil (current collector 34) and the composite particles P10.
- the composite particles P 10 have a structure in which the particles P 1 made of the electrode active material and the particles P 2 made of the conductive additive are electrically connected without isolation c.
- both Cathode 3 and Anode 2 be 500 to 300 mg.
- the average particle diameter of the particles P1 made of each electrode active material is preferably 5 to 20 in the case of the force source 3, and 5 to 15 ⁇ m. m, more preferable to be m.
- the anode 2 it is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ ; More preferably, it is 30 m.
- the amounts of the conductive assistant and the binder attached to the electrode active material are 100 X (mass of the conductive assistant + mass of the binder) Z (mass of the electrode active material)
- the content is preferably from 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably from 3 to 15% by mass.
- the electrolyte layer 4 may be a layer composed of an electrolytic solution or a layer composed of a solid electrolyte (ceramic solid electrolyte, solid polymer electrolyte). It may be a layer composed of an electrolyte solution and / or a solid electrolyte impregnated in the electrolyte.
- the electrolytic solution is prepared by dissolving a lithium-containing electrolyte in a non-aqueous solvent. Examples of lithium-containing electrolytes include, for example, LiCl
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, ethers, ketones, carbonates, and the like can be selected from organic solvents exemplified in JP-A-63-212260, and the like. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use carbonates. Among the carbonates, it is particularly preferable to use a mixed solvent containing ethylene carbonate as a main component and one or more other solvents added.
- the battery capacity is significantly improved, and the irreversible capacity ratio can be sufficiently reduced.
- Solid polymer electrolytes include, for example, ionic conduction Conductive polymer having a property.
- the conductive polymer is not particularly limited as long as it has lithium ion conductivity.
- a polymer compound polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, etc.
- a monomer such as an ether-based polymer compound, a crosslinked polymer of a polyether compound, polyepichlorohydrin, polyphosphazene, polysiloxane, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene carbonate, polyacrylo-trinole, and the like.
- the polymerization initiator used for complexing include a photopolymerization initiator or a thermal polymerization initiator compatible with the above-mentioned monomers.
- the constituent material thereof is, for example, one or more of polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene (in the case of two or more, There are laminated films of two or more layers, etc.), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic fluororesins such as ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and celluloses.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene (in the case of two or more, There are laminated films of two or more layers, etc.)
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate
- thermoplastic fluororesins such as ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- celluloses celluloses
- microporous films, woven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics with a porosity of about 5 to 2000 s and a thickness of about 5 to about 100 cc and a thickness force of about 5 to: LOO;
- the separator may be impregnated with a solid electrolyte monomer, cured, and polymerized for use. Further, the above-mentioned electrolyte may be used by being contained in a porous separator.
- the manufacturing method of the electrode shown below includes the preferable example of the manufacturing method of the composite particle for electrodes of this invention.
- the composite particles P 10 include the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder by bringing the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder into close contact with the particles P 1 made of the electrode active material and integrating them. It is formed through a granulation step of forming composite particles.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a granulation step when producing composite particles.
- the granulation step includes: a raw material liquid preparation step of preparing a raw material liquid containing a binder, the conductive auxiliary agent, and a solvent; and generating a gas flow in a fluidized vessel, and A fluidized bed process in which particles composed of the electrode active material are charged and the particles composed of the electrode active material are fluidized, and a raw material liquid is sprayed into a fluidized bed containing the particles composed of the electrode active material, thereby obtaining a raw material.
- the liquid is attached to the particles of the electrode active material and dried, the solvent is removed from the raw material liquid attached to the surface of the particles of the electrode active material, and the particles of the electrode active material and the conductive additive are used with a binder.
- a spray drying step of bringing particles into close contact with each other.
- the binder in the raw material liquid preparation process, the binder can be dissolved. Using a solvent, the binder is dissolved in the solvent. Next, a conductive agent is dispersed in the obtained solution to obtain a raw material liquid. In the raw material liquid preparation step, a solvent (dispersion medium) that can disperse the binder may be used.
- the droplets 6 of the raw material liquid are sprayed in the fluidized tank 5 so that the droplets 6 of the raw material liquid flow.
- the solvent is removed from the droplets 6 of the raw material liquid adhered to the particles P 1 composed of the layered electrode active material and simultaneously dried in the fluidized tank 5 to adhere to the surface of the particles P 1 composed of the electrode active material.
- the particles P 1 made of the electrode active material and the particles P 2 made of the conductive additive are brought into close contact with each other with a binder, to obtain composite particles P 10.
- the fluidized vessel 5 is, for example, a vessel having a cylindrical shape, and a hot air (or hot air) L5 flows into the bottom portion thereof from the outside.
- An opening 52 for convection of particles made of an electrode active material in the fluidizing tank 5 is provided.
- An opening 5 4 is provided on the side surface of the fluidized vessel 5 to allow the droplets 6 of the raw material liquid to be sprayed to flow into the particles P 1 of the electrode active material convected in the fluidized vessel 5.
- Droplets 6 of a raw material liquid containing the binder, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the solvent are sprayed on the particles P 1 made of the electrode active material convected in the fluidized bath 5.
- the temperature of the atmosphere in which the particles P1 composed of the electrode active material are placed is adjusted, for example, by adjusting the temperature of hot air (or hot air), and the like.
- Predetermined temperature at which solvent can be quickly removed Preferably at a temperature not exceeding the melting point of the binder from 50 ° C, more preferably at a temperature not exceeding the melting point of the binder from 50 ° C (eg, 200 ° C)).
- the liquid film of the raw material liquid formed on the surface of the particles P1 composed of the electrode active material is dried almost simultaneously with the spraying of the droplets 6 of the raw material liquid. Then, the binder and the conductive additive are brought into close contact with each other to obtain composite particles P10.
- the solvent capable of dissolving the binder is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of dissolving the binder and dispersing the conductive additive.
- Methods for dissolving the binder can be used.
- the active material-containing layer is formed through the following active material-containing layer forming step.
- the powder P12 containing at least the composite particles P10 is subjected to heat treatment and pressure treatment to form a sheet, and a sheet 18 containing at least the composite particles is obtained. It has a sheet forming step and an active material containing layer disposing step of disposing the sheet 18 as an active material containing layer (active material containing layer 22 or active material containing layer 32) on the current collector.
- the dry method is a method of forming an electrode without using a solvent.
- the solvent is insoluble and safe.
- the electrode (porous material) is used for rolling only particles without using a solvent. Easy to increase the density of the body layer) 3)
- the particles P1 composed of the electrode active material, There are advantages such as that the particles P 2 made of a conductive auxiliary agent for imparting conductivity and the particles P 3 made of a binder are not aggregated or unevenly distributed.
- This sheet forming step can be suitably performed using a hot roll press machine shown in Fig. 4.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a sheet forming step (when using a hot roll press) when producing an electrode by a dry method.
- the composite particles P10 are present between a pair of hot rolls 84 and 85 of a hot roll press (not shown).
- the powder P 12 containing the mixture is charged, mixed and kneaded, and rolled by heat and pressure to form a sheet 18.
- the surface temperature of the heat rolls 84 and 85 is 60 ⁇
- the temperature is preferably 120 ° C., and the pressure is preferably 20 to 500 kgf / cm.
- the powder P12 containing at least the composite particles P10 includes particles P1 composed of an electrode active material and particles P2 composed of a conductive auxiliary agent for imparting conductivity. At least one kind of the particles P3 of the binder may be further mixed.
- the powder P12 containing at least the composite particles P10 is kneaded in advance by a mixing means such as a mill. Is also good.
- the current collector and the active material-containing layer are brought into electrical contact with each other after the active material-containing layer is formed by a hot roll press.
- the current collector and the constituent material of the active material-containing layer dispersed on one surface of the current collector may be supplied to the heat rolls 84 and 85 to form the active material-containing layer.
- the sheet molding and the electrical connection between the active material-containing layer and the current collector may be simultaneously performed.
- the active material-containing layer of the obtained electrode When the active material-containing layer of the obtained electrode is made relatively thin to increase the output of the electrochemical element more reliably, the active material-containing layer may be formed in the active material-containing layer forming step.
- the thickness T of the active material-containing layer and the average particle diameter d of the composite particles contained in the active material-containing layer satisfy the conditions represented by the following formulas (1) to (3). Thus, it is preferable to form the active material-containing layer.
- the electrode-forming coating liquid is composed of a composite particle ⁇ 10 produced through a granulation step, a liquid capable of dispersing or dissolving the composite particle ⁇ 10, A mixed solution is prepared by mixing a conductive polymer to be added as needed, and a part of the above liquid is removed from the mixed solution to adjust the viscosity suitable for coating, thereby preparing a coating solution for forming an electrode. Obtainable.
- a mixed liquid is prepared in which a liquid capable of dispersing or dissolving the composite particles P10 and a conductive polymer or a monomer that is a constituent material of the conductive polymer are mixed.
- the electrode forming coating solution 7 can be prepared.
- a coating solution for electrode formation is applied to the surface of the current collector, and a liquid film of the coating solution is formed on the surface.
- an active material-containing layer is formed on the current collector to complete the fabrication of the electrode.
- the method of applying the electrode forming coating liquid on the surface of the current collector is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the material and shape of the current collector. Examples include a metal mask printing method, an electrostatic coating method, a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a roll coating method, a doctor blade method, a gravure coating method, a screen printing method, and the like.
- the active material-containing layer of the obtained electrode is to be relatively thin to increase the output of the electrochemical element more reliably
- the active material-containing layer may be formed in the active material-containing layer forming step.
- the thickness T of the active material-containing layer and the average particle diameter d of the composite particles contained in the active material-containing layer satisfy the conditions represented by the following formulas (1) to (3).
- the electrode When the liquid film of the coating liquid for forming is formed on the surface of the current collector, the amount of the coating liquid for forming electrodes is adjusted.
- a curing reaction between constituent components in the liquid film (for example, a polymerization reaction of a monomer that is a constituent material of the conductive polymer) may be involved.
- the electrode-forming coating solution is applied on the current collector by the above-described predetermined method. Apply more.
- an active material-containing layer is formed by irradiating the liquid film of the coating liquid with ultraviolet rays.
- the electrode forming coating solution After the liquid film is formed, the monomer is polymerized in the liquid film to form a conductive polymer, so that the composite particles ⁇ ⁇ 10 in the liquid film can be substantially maintained in a good dispersion state while the composite is maintained. Since the conductive polymer can be generated in the gap between the particles ⁇ 10, it is possible to improve the dispersion state of the composite particles ⁇ 10 and the conductive polymer in the obtained active material-containing layer. it can.
- the polymerization reaction of the monomer that is a constituent material of the ultraviolet curable resin can be advanced by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
- the obtained active material-containing layer may be subjected to a rolling treatment such as heat treatment using a hot plate press or a hot roll to form a sheet, if necessary.
- a coating liquid 7 for electrode formation containing the composite particles P10 was prepared and used.
- the method of forming the electrode using the composite particles P10 (wet method) is not limited thereto.
- FIG. Is formed In the active material-containing layer (active material-containing layer 22 or active material-containing layer 32) formed by the wet method and the dry method described above, a schematic diagram is shown in FIG. Is formed. That is, in the active material-containing layer (the active material-containing layer 22 or the active material-containing layer 32), the electrode active material is used irrespective of the use of the particles P3 made of the binder. A structure is formed in which the particles P 1 made of and the particles P 2 made of the conductive additive are electrically isolated without being isolated.
- the electrode of the present invention may be any as long as the active material-containing layer is formed using the composite particles P10 contained in the electrode forming coating solution of the present invention.
- the structure is not particularly limited.
- the electrochemical element may be provided with the electrode of the present invention as at least one of a cathode and a cathode, and the other configuration and structure are not particularly limited.
- the electrochemical element is a battery, as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of unit cells (cells composed of an anode 2, a power source 3, and an electrolyte layer 4 also serving as a separator) 102 are stacked, and this is It may have a configuration of a module 100 (packaged) that is held in a sealed state in the case 9.
- the unit cells may be connected in parallel or in series.
- a battery unit in which a plurality of the modules 100 are further electrically connected in series or in parallel may be configured.
- the battery unit for example, as shown in a battery unit 200 shown in FIG. 8, for example, the force source terminal 104 of one module 100 and another module 100 By electrically connecting the anode terminal 106 to the metal terminal 108, a battery unit 200 connected in series can be constructed.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention includes an anode and a power source. And at least an electrolyte layer having ion conductivity, and the anode and the cathode only need to have a configuration in which the anode and the cathode are opposed to each other with the electrolyte layer interposed therebetween.
- the electrode active material of the composite particles P10 in addition to the above-described example materials, those used in existing primary batteries are also used. May be used.
- the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder may be the same as those of the above-described exemplary substances.
- the electrode of the present invention is not limited to an electrode for a battery, and may be, for example, an electrolytic cell, an electrochemical capacitor (such as an electric double layer capacitor, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor), or an electrochemical sensor.
- the electrode used for the electrode may be used.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention is not limited to a battery alone, but may be, for example, an electrolytic cell, an electrochemical capacitor (such as an electric double layer capacitor or an aluminum electrolytic capacitor), or an electrochemical sensor. May be.
- a carbon material having a high electric double layer capacity such as coconut shell activated carbon, pitch activated carbon, and phenol resin activated carbon, is used as an electrode active material constituting the composite particles P10. Can be used.
- anode used for salt electrolysis for example, a material obtained by thermally decomposing ruthenium oxide (or a composite oxide of ruthenium oxide and other metal oxides) is used as an anode.
- An electrode in which an active material-containing layer containing the obtained composite particle P10 is formed on a titanium substrate is used as a constituent material of the composite particle P10 as an electrode active material in the invention. May be.
- the electrolyte solution is not particularly limited, and is used for a known electrochemical capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte solution (a non-aqueous electrolyte solution using an organic solvent) can be used.
- the type of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution 30 is not particularly limited, but generally, the solubility, dissociation degree, and viscosity of the solution are taken into consideration. It is desirable to use a non-aqueous electrolyte solution with a high conductivity and a high potential window (high decomposition starting voltage).
- the organic solvent include propylene carbonate, diethylene carbonate, and acetonitrile.
- the electrolyte include a quaternary ammonium salt such as tetraethylammonium trafluoroborate (borane tetrafluoride ammonium). In this case, it is necessary to strictly control the water content.
- composite particles for an electrode that can be used to form an active material-containing layer of a power source of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the composite particles P10 for an electrode were composed of a cathode electrode active material (90% by mass), a conductive additive (6% by mass), and a binder (4% by mass).
- the amounts of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder used in the granulation process are determined by the amounts of these components in the finally obtained composite particles P10 for an electrode.
- the mass ratio was adjusted to the above value.
- composite particles for an electrode that can be used for forming an active material-containing layer of an anode of a lithium ion secondary battery are formed by a method that goes through the granulation step described above.
- the composite particles P10 for an electrode were composed of an electrode active material (85% by mass) of an anode, a conductive additive (5% by mass), and a binder (10% by mass).
- the raw material liquid was sprayed onto a fluidized bed of artificial graphite powder in a vessel having the same configuration as the fluidized vessel 5 shown in FIG.
- the solution was attached to the surface of the powder.
- N, N-dimethylformamide was removed from the surface of the powder almost simultaneously with the spraying.
- acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride were brought into close contact with the powder surface to obtain electrode composite particles P 10 (average particle diameter: 300 m).
- the amounts of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder used in the granulation process are determined by the amounts of these components in the composite particles P10 for electrodes finally obtained.
- the mass ratio was adjusted to the above value.
- composite particles for an electrode that can be used to form an active material-containing layer of an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor are formed by a method that goes through the above-mentioned granulation step.
- the composite particle P10 for an electrode was composed of an electrode active material (80% by mass) of an anode, a conductive additive (10% by mass), and a binder (10% by mass).
- activated carbon BET specific surface area:
- conductive Acetylene black was used as an auxiliary agent.
- polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder.
- acetylene black was dispersed in a solution in which polyvinylidene fluoride was dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide ⁇ (DMF): solvent ⁇ .
- raw material liquid "( ⁇ Se Ji Ren black 2 mass 0/0, polyvinylidene fluoride 2 wt 0/0) were made to tone.
- the raw material liquid was sprayed onto a fluidized bed of artificial graphite powder in a vessel having the same configuration as the fluidized vessel 5 shown in FIG.
- the solution was attached to the surface of the powder.
- N N-dimethylformamide was removed from the powder surface almost simultaneously with the spraying.
- acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride were brought into close contact with the powder surface to obtain composite particles P10 for the electrode (average particle diameter: 100 / Xm).
- the amounts of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder used in this granulation process are determined by the amounts of these components in the composite particles P10 for electrodes finally obtained.
- the mass ratio was adjusted to the above value.
- an electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder Using a planetary mill and a homogenizer, a mixture comprising an electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder was stirred and mixed. Next, this kneaded material was sheeted using a hot-roll device, and the same amount (50 mg Zcm 2 ) of electrode active material as the composite particles P 10 for electrodes of Example 1 was obtained. An active material-containing layer having a porosity (porosity) (25%) was formed on an aluminum foil (current collector).
- the electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder are mixed with a planetary mill and a homogenizer to stir and mix a mixture of the electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder. went.
- the kneaded material was sheeted using a hot-roll device, and the same amount (32 mg / cm 2 ) of the electrode active material as the composite particle P 10 for electrodes of Example 2 was loaded.
- An active material-containing layer having a porosity (porosity) (35%) was formed on a copper foil (current collector).
- an electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder Using a planetary mill and a homogenizer, a mixture comprising an electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder was stirred and mixed. Next, the kneaded material was sheeted using a hot-roll device, and the same amount (10 mg Zcm 2 ) of the electrode active material as the composite particles P 10 for electrodes of Example 2 was loaded. An active material-containing layer having a porosity (porosity) (50%) was formed on an aluminum foil (current collector).
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for measuring the internal resistance (impedance) of the composite particles for an electrode of Example 1.
- the measurement cell 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 9, the measurement cell 20 was placed in the glove box 9. Then, the glove box 9 was filled with argon gas. As shown in FIG. 9, the measuring cell 20 mainly includes a cathode C and an anode A opposed to each other, and a layer E of an electrolyte solution disposed between the anode A and the cathode C. It consisted of.
- the anode A is made of a metallic lithium foil A2 (film thickness: 200 ⁇ m, electrode area: a circle with a diameter of 15 mm) and a metallic lithium foil A2. It consisted of a terminal A 1 consisting of a platinum wire connected to the back side (the side not in contact with the layer E of the electrolyte solution).
- the force source C is composed of the electrode composite particles P 10 of Example 1 and a terminal C 1 made of a platinum wire electrically connected to the electrode composite particles P 10. Configured.
- the internal resistance (impedance) of each measurement cell using the composite particles for electrodes P 10 of Example 1 as electrodes was measured when the measurement temperature was room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the internal resistance was measured when the measurement temperature was room temperature (25 ° C.).
- the internal resistance (impedance) of the particles made of the electrode active material contained in the composite particles P10 for the electrodes of Example 1 was measured when the measurement temperature was room temperature (25 ° C). .
- the internal resistance (impedance) was measured as follows. That is, the cyclic voltammetry of one of the particles (one particle) composed of the electrode composite material P10 of the electrode active material of Example 1 was measured, and the particle composed of the electrode active material was measured based on this. The equilibrium capacity value was calculated. Next, one of the electrode active material particles (one particle) contained in the composite particles for electrode P10 of Example 1 was subjected to impedance measurement, and the obtained complex impedance probe was obtained. The charge transfer resistance value of the particles composed of the electrode active material was calculated as the impedance value from the data of the data.
- the composite particles of Examples 1 to 3 had an internal resistance value of irrespective of the presence of the binder. It was confirmed that the internal resistance of the electrode active material used was lower than the internal resistance.
- composite particles usable for forming an active material-containing layer of a power source of a lithium ion secondary battery are formed by a method through the granulation step described above.
- the composite particles P 10 are composed of a cathode electrode active material (92% by mass), a conductive additive (4. 8% by mass) and a binder (3.2% by mass).
- the amounts of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder used in the granulation process are determined by the mass of these components in the finally obtained composite particle P10. Adjust the ratio to the above value did.
- the electrode was manufactured by the dry method described above.
- the composite particles P 10 (average particle diameter: 200 ⁇ m) were charged into a hot roll press having the same configuration as that shown in FIG.
- the following sheet (width: 10 cm) was created (sheet forming process).
- the heating temperature at this time was 120 ° C., and the pressurizing condition was a linear pressure of 200 kgf / cm.
- this sheet was punched out to obtain a disc-shaped active material-containing layer (diameter: 15 mm).
- one side of a disk-shaped current collector (aluminum foil, diameter: 15 mm, thickness: 20 / xm) has a hot-menoleto conductive layer (thickness).
- the hot-melt conductive layer is made of the same conductive auxiliary agent (acetylene black) as used in the preparation of the composite particles and the same binder (vinylidene fluoride) used in the preparation of the composite particles. (Acetylene black: 20% by mass, polyvinylidene fluoride: 80% by mass).
- thermocompression bonding conditions were as follows: thermocompression time: 1 minute, heating temperature: 180 ° C, and pressurization condition: SO kgf Z cm 2 .
- An electrode (force sword) having a thickness of 100 m, an active material carrying amount of 30 mgcm 2 and a porosity of 25% by volume was obtained.
- composite particles usable for forming an active material-containing layer of an anode of a lithium ion secondary battery were prepared. It was produced by a method involving a granulation step.
- the composite particles P 10 were composed of an anode electrode active material (88% by mass), a conductive auxiliary (4% by mass), and a binder (8% by mass).
- artificial graphite particles (BET specific surface area: 1.0 On ⁇ / g average particle diameter: 19 m), which is a fibrous graphite material, are used.
- acetylene black was used as a conductive assistant.
- polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder.
- acetylene black was dispersed in a solution in which polyvinylidene fluoride was dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide ⁇ (DMF): solvent ⁇ .
- a raw material liquid ” (3% by mass of acetylene black, 2% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride) was prepared.
- the amounts of the electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder used in the granulation are determined by the mass of these components in the composite particles P10 finally obtained. Adjust the ratio to the above value did.
- the electrodes were prepared by the dry method described above.
- the composite particles P 10 (average particle diameter: 200 m) are charged into a hot roll press having a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 4 to form an active material-containing layer.
- a sheet (width: 10 cm) was created (sheet forming process).
- the heating temperature at this time was 120 ° C., and the pressurizing condition was a linear pressure of 200 kgf Z cm.
- this sheet was punched out to obtain a disc-shaped active material-containing layer (diameter: 15 mm).
- a disc-shaped current collector (copper foil, diameter: 15 mm, thickness: 20 m) was placed on one side of a hot-melt conductive layer (thickness: 20 m). Is: 5 im) formed.
- the hot-melt conductive layer is a layer (acetylene black: acetylene black) composed of the same conductive aid (acetylene black) and a binder (methyl methacrylate) as those used for producing the composite particles. 3 0 mass 0/0, poly fluoride Bieriden: 7 0 mass 0/0).
- thermocompression time 30 seconds
- heating temperature 100 ° C
- pressurization condition 10 kgf / cm 2 .
- An electrode (force source) was prepared by the following conventional electrode preparation procedure (wet method).
- the same material was used, and the mass of the electrode active material: the mass of the conductive agent: the mass of the binder was adjusted to be the same as in Example 4.
- the same current collector (provided with a hot melt layer) as that used in Example 4 was used.
- a binder was dissolved in N-methyl-piperidone (NMP) to prepare a binder solution (binder concentration: 5% by mass based on the total mass of the solution).
- NMP N-methyl-piperidone
- the electrode active material and the conductive additive were added to the binder solution at the above ratio, and mixed with a hyper mixer to obtain a coating solution.
- this coating solution was applied on the hot melt layer of a current collector for a cathode by a doctor blade method.
- the liquid films formed of the coating liquid formed on the current collector for the power source were respectively dried.
- the current collector for a power source in a state where the obtained liquid film was dried was rolled using a roller press.
- the heating temperature at this time was 180 ° C., the heating time was 1 minute, and the pressurizing condition was 30 kgf Z cm 2 .
- an electrode (force source) having an active material-containing layer thickness of 100 im, an active material carrying amount of 30 mgcm 2 , and a porosity of 25% by volume was obtained.
- Example 5 (Anode) was prepared.
- NMP N-methyl-pyrrolidone
- the electrode active material and the conductive additive were added to the binder solution at the above ratio, and mixed with a hyper mixer to obtain a coating solution.
- this coating solution was applied on the hot melt layer of the current collector for the anode by a doctor blade method.
- the liquid films composed of the coating liquid formed on the anode current collector were dried.
- the anode current collector in a state where the obtained liquid film was dried was rolled using a roller press.
- the heating temperature was 100 ° C.
- the heating time was 30 seconds
- the force and pressure conditions were 1 O kgf / cm 2 .
- an electrode (anode) having an active material-containing layer thickness of 100 / m, an active material carrying amount of 15 mg Zcm 2 , and a porosity of 25 vol% was obtained.
- Example 4 and Example 5 Each electrode of Example 4 and Example 5, Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5 was used as a “test electrode (working electrode)”, a lithium metal foil (diameter: 15 mm, thickness: 100) / zm) was prepared as a counter electrode, and the following characteristics evaluation tests were performed to evaluate the electrode characteristics of each electrode (test electrode). Table 2 shows the results of the evaluation test.
- An electrolyte solution to be an electrolyte layer was prepared according to the following procedure. That, L i C 1 0 4 The urchin by its molarity is 1 mo 1 L, solvent ⁇ ethylene carbonate Natick preparative (EC) and Jefferies Chirukabone preparative (DEC) at a volume ratio of 1: in a mixing 1 ⁇ Dissolved in.
- EC solvent ⁇ ethylene carbonate Natick preparative
- DEC Jefferies Chirukabone preparative
- Leads (width: 10 mm, length: 25 mm, thickness: 0.50 mm) were connected to each of the anode and force source of the laminate by ultrasonic welding. Then, the laminate was placed in a sealed container serving as a mold of an electrochemical cell, and the prepared electrolyte solution was injected. Then, a constant pressure was applied from both sides of the anode and the force sword of the laminate. In this way, an electrochemical cell was prepared for each test electrode.
- test electrode is a force source (in the case of the electrode of Example 4 and the electrode of Comparative Example 4)
- the potential of the test electrode is determined based on the redox potential of the counter electrode lithium metal. Polarized in the potential range of +2.5 V to +4.3 V (constant current and constant voltage). The measurement evaluation test was performed at 25 ° C.
- test electrode is an anode (in the case of the electrode of Example 5 and the electrode of Comparative Example 5)
- the potential of the test electrode is determined based on the redox potential of the lithium metal of the counter electrode. And +0.01 V to +3
- the electrodes of Example 4 and Example 5 had a higher active material capacity (A) than the electrodes of Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5. It was confirmed that the maximum possible current density was large and that it had excellent output characteristics. From these results, it was found that in the active material-containing layers of the electrodes of Example 4 and Example 2, the electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary were electrically coupled without being isolated, and a good electron conduction network was obtained. It is considered that an ion conduction network has been formed.
- FIGS. 10 to 15 show SEM photographs and TEM photographs of the active material-containing layer of the electrode of Example 4. Also, compare SEM and TEM photographs of the active material-containing layer of the electrode of Example 4 are shown in FIGS. 16 to 21.
- Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an SEM photograph of a cross section of an active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention.
- Fig. 11 shows a TEM image of a cross section (the same part as that shown in Fig. 10) of the active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention. It is a figure showing a photograph.
- FIG. 12 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of the active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention.
- Fig. 13 is a TEM image of the cross section of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention (the same part as the part shown in Fig. 12). It is a figure showing a photograph.
- Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an SEM photograph of a cross section of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention.
- Fig. 15 is a TEM image of a cross section of the active material containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the manufacturing method (dry method) of the present invention (the same part as the part shown in Fig. 14). It is a figure showing a photograph.
- FIG. 16 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of the active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by a conventional manufacturing method (wet method).
- Figure 17 shows a TEM photograph of the cross section of the active material-containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method (wet method) (the same part as the part shown in Figure 16).
- FIG. 18 is a SEM photograph showing a cross section of an active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by a conventional manufacturing method (wet method).
- Fig. 19 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of the active material-containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method (wet method) (the same part as shown in Fig. 18).
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an SEM photograph of a cross section of an active material-containing layer of an electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by a conventional manufacturing method (wet method).
- Figure 21 shows a TEM image of the cross section of the active material-containing layer of the electrode (electric double layer capacitor) manufactured by the conventional manufacturing method (wet method) (the same part as shown in Figure 20). It is a figure showing a photograph.
- the electrode of Example 4 had the following structure. That is, for example, the photographing areas of R1 to R5 in FIG. 10 and the photographing areas of R1A to R5A in FIG. 11 (the same parts as R1 to R5 in FIG. 10 respectively) According to the observation results, the aggregates consisting of the conductive additive and the binder electrically and physically join the adjacent activated carbon particles to each other, and a good electron conduction network and ion conduction network were formed. It was confirmed that it was formed.
- the internal structure of the active material-containing layer is a photograph at different magnifications.
- the photographing regions R6 to R8 in FIG. 12 and R6A to R6 in FIG. Observation results of the R 8 A imaging area (the same parts as R 6 to R 8 in FIG. 12), and the R 9 A imaging area in FIG. 14 and the R 9 A imaging in FIG. 15 This was more clearly confirmed from the observation results of the region (the same portion as R 9 in FIG. 14).
- the electrode of Comparative Example 4 was confirmed to have the following structure. That is, for example, the photographing area of R10 to R50 in FIG. 16 and the photographing area of R10A to R50A in FIG. 17 (the scales 1 to! According to the observation result of (5), it is remarkably observed that the aggregate composed of the conductive auxiliary agent and the binder is electrically and physically isolated from the activated carbon particles. ⁇ Compared with the active material-containing layer of Example 4, it was confirmed that the electron conduction network and the ion conduction network were not sufficiently formed. [0302] The internal structure of the active material-containing layer is a photograph at different magnifications.
- an electrode having excellent electrode characteristics can be easily and reliably formed even when a binder is used as a constituent material of the electrode. It is possible to provide a composite particle for an electrode that can be used.
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Description
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/556,567 US20070003836A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | Composite particle for electrode and method for producing same, electrode and method for producing same, and electrochemical device and method for producing same |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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JP2003136270A JP4204380B2 (ja) | 2003-05-14 | 2003-05-14 | 電極用複合粒子及び電極用複合粒子の製造方法 |
JP2003-136270 | 2003-05-14 | ||
JP2003-270720 | 2003-07-03 | ||
JP2003270720A JP4204407B2 (ja) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | 電極及び電気化学素子並びに電極の製造方法及び電気化学素子の製造方法 |
JP2003307733A JP4204419B2 (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | 電極及び電気化学素子並びに電極の製造方法及び電気化学素子の製造方法 |
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WO2006126665A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-11-30 | Zeon Corporation | 電気化学素子電極材料および複合粒子 |
WO2008001791A1 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-03 | Kao Corporation | Composite positive electrode material for lithium ion battery and battery using the same |
WO2009081703A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-25 | 2009-07-02 | Kao Corporation | 複合金属酸化物焼成体及びその製造方法 |
JP5557793B2 (ja) | 2011-04-27 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
US9685658B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2017-06-20 | Zeon Corporation | Composite particles for electrochemical device electrode, material for electrochemical device electrode, and electrochemical device electrode |
US10553871B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2020-02-04 | Zenlabs Energy, Inc. | Battery cell engineering and design to reach high energy |
US9780358B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2017-10-03 | Zenlabs Energy, Inc. | Battery designs with high capacity anode materials and cathode materials |
DE102012213219A1 (de) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrode für einen elektrochemischen Energiespeicher und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen |
JP6369739B2 (ja) | 2013-01-11 | 2018-08-08 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 蓄電素子及びその製造方法 |
US10497970B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2019-12-03 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Alkali ion conducting plastic crystals |
WO2014153146A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-25 | Angell C Austen | Inorganic plastic crystal electrolytes |
US10886526B2 (en) | 2013-06-13 | 2021-01-05 | Zenlabs Energy, Inc. | Silicon-silicon oxide-carbon composites for lithium battery electrodes and methods for forming the composites |
WO2015024004A1 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-19 | Envia Systems, Inc. | Lithium ion batteries with high capacity anode active material and good cycling for consumer electronics |
US11830672B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2023-11-28 | KYOCERA AVX Components Corporation | Ultracapacitor for use in a solder reflow process |
US11094925B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-08-17 | Zenlabs Energy, Inc. | Electrodes with silicon oxide active materials for lithium ion cells achieving high capacity, high energy density and long cycle life performance |
DE102018200977A1 (de) | 2018-01-23 | 2019-07-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrodenmaterials |
US11973178B2 (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2024-04-30 | Ionblox, Inc. | Lithium ion cells with high performance electrolyte and silicon oxide active materials achieving very long cycle life performance |
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JP2003109875A (ja) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-04-11 | Katsuhiko Naoi | 電極材料およびその使用 |
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JP2004186089A (ja) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-07-02 | Tdk Corp | 電極形成用塗布液、電極及び電気化学素子、並びに、電極形成用塗布液の製造方法、電極の製造方法及び電気化学素子の製造方法 |
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