WO2004097849A1 - 電極材料および半導体素子 - Google Patents
電極材料および半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004097849A1 WO2004097849A1 PCT/JP2004/005868 JP2004005868W WO2004097849A1 WO 2004097849 A1 WO2004097849 A1 WO 2004097849A1 JP 2004005868 W JP2004005868 W JP 2004005868W WO 2004097849 A1 WO2004097849 A1 WO 2004097849A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 33
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- YBNMDCCMCLUHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 4-pyren-1-ylbutanoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C2C=1CCCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O YBNMDCCMCLUHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 chalcopyrite compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 5
- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052948 bornite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021472 group 8 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017680 MgTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001748 luminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/547—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on sulfides or selenides or tellurides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/34—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies not provided for in groups H01L21/0405, H01L21/0445, H01L21/06, H01L21/16 and H01L21/18 with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/44—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/38 - H01L21/428
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/43—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/45—Ohmic electrodes
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
- H01L31/0682—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells back-junction, i.e. rearside emitter, solar cells, e.g. interdigitated base-emitter regions back-junction cells
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/22—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIBVI compounds
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- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
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- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/28—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group II and Group VI of the Periodic Table
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ohmic junction between a low-resistance hole injection electrode material and a P-type II-VI compound semiconductor, a semiconductor device using the same, and a semiconductor light-emitting device. Further, the present invention relates to a hole injection electrode material effective for II-VI group compound semiconductors, III-V group compound semiconductors, organic semiconductors, semiconductor devices and semiconductor light emitting devices using the same. Background art
- Group II-VI compound semiconductors represented by ZnSe have no metals with sufficiently large work functions as p-type electrodes, except for a few examples, such as MgTe and ZnTe. . Therefore, various attempts have been made to use a contact layer to form an ohmic junction between the p-type semiconductor and the electrode. Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 214/215 (2000), pp. 1064-1070 I K. Kitamura et al..Forming ZnT e / Z n Se gradient structures, some are Z n Te / Z At present, two technologies are mainly used to form an n-Se MQW (multi quantum well) structure and place a metal such as Au (electrode metal) on top of it. is there.
- n-Se MQW multi quantum well
- p-ZnT e can be doped with a hole concentration of up to 10 19 cnf 3 (Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 138 (1994), pp.677-685 / A. Ishibashi et al., Applied Physics Letters, vol. 61 (1992), pp. 3160-3162, / Y. Fan et al.), Which utilizes the fact that ohmic junctions can be formed with Au etc. because resistance can be easily reduced. .
- electrodes using p—ZnTe are not always stable. As described in the Journal of Crystal Growth ⁇ vol. 214/215 (2000), pp. 1064-1070 I K. Kitamura et al., The long-term operation of semiconductor devices increases contact resistance, and ultimately Is known to lead to rupture. This is considered to be due to the generation of crystal defects at the ZnTe / ZnSe interface due to the generation of Joule heat due to the contact resistance existing from the beginning.
- ZnTe is a toxic substance, and large-scale industrial use is not desirable.
- Electrodes made by other methods are difficult to reduce the resistance sufficiently or are stable At present, it has not been put into practical use due to its poor nature.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-222138 discloses that a p-type chalcopyrite layer is provided as a contact layer on a p-type II-VI compound semiconductor, and a metal layer is provided on the p-type chalcopyrite layer.
- JP-B-59-1888 a technique of joining a p-type chalcopyrite-type compound semiconductor to form a pn junction is disclosed, for example, in JP-B-59-1888. 77 It is disclosed in the gazette. This is a technology developed based on the background that while II-VI compound semiconductors can relatively easily reduce the resistance to n-type, it is technically difficult to reduce resistance to p-type. is there. JP 5 9 -.
- chalcopyrite-type (chalcopyrite-type) compounds are currently used in solar cells as described in “Basics and Applications of Thin-Film Solar Cells” edited by Takashi Konagai, Ohmsha (2001), pp.175-192. R & D is actively pursued as a material for the active part.
- the chalcopyrite-type compound used as a material for the active part of a solar cell is a Cu (I n, Ga) (S, Se) 2 system that does not contain a Group 8 element and has a band gap of 1 eV or more. Materials are used ("Basic and application of thin-film solar cells", edited by Takashi Konagai, Ohmsha (2001), pp.175-192).
- the size of the band gap is important in terms of matching with the solar spectrum. This value is the material property that determines the efficiency of the solar cell.Because Cu (In, Ga) (S, Se) 2 material has an appropriate value, much attention has been paid to its development. It is the present situation.
- the technology in this field is common to the present invention in that a chalcopyrite-type (chalcopyrite-type) compound is bonded to another semiconductor and uses an electric function capable of transporting the electric carrier. .
- solar cells convert light energy into electric energy while extracting light, that is, a technique for extracting carriers generated by light to an electrode
- the present invention injects a carrier into a semiconductor material. Since it is an electrode technology, it belongs to a distinctly different field.
- chalcopyrite-type compounds used as active material for solar cells are not substances containing Group VIII elements. If the material contains group 8 elements, This is because lightness is lost and the alignment with the solar spectrum is lost, making it impossible to use solar cells. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a material for forming an electrode having low resistance, stable, non-toxic, and excellent in productivity as a method of forming a p-type ohmic contact electrode in a II-VI compound semiconductor, and to provide an excellent semiconductor element. To provide.
- the present invention provides an electrode material applicable not only to II-VI group compound semiconductors but also to various materials (for example, IV-V group compound semiconductors, organic semiconductors), and to provide an excellent semiconductor device. Aim.
- the present invention is configured as follows.
- the attached numbers correspond to those in Fig. 1.
- Composition formula A X B Y C Z (A: at least one element selected from group 1B metal elements, B: at least one element selected from group 8 metal elements, C: S or S e (At least one selected element) (electrode material).
- A, B and C are not necessarily limited to one kind of element.
- Ag and B can contain multiple elements as if Fe and Ni were included simultaneously, and C and S and S were simultaneously included.
- the electrode material J made of a material represented by the composition formula A X B Y C Z according to the present invention is an “electrode material containing 100% of the material represented by the composition formula A X B Y C Z ”.
- the electrode material may be “an electrode material containing a material represented by the composition formula A X B Y C Z as a main component and containing other components and elements”, and specific examples thereof will be described later.
- the sulfide, selenide, or selenide sulfide containing Cu and Fe can reduce the resistance in particular, and can obtain excellent characteristics as an electrode material.
- the electrode material of the present invention is a material that can form a chalcopyrite-type structure without depending on the crystal structure of the material underlying the electrode material. That is, not only a single crystal substrate but also a polycrystalline substrate, a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like can be used as the substrate.
- the electrode material of the present invention in order to obtain a practical electric characteristic is essential Epitakisharu growth, contrary c it was necessary to use a predetermined single crystal substrate, the electrode material of the present invention, the degree of freedom in substrate selection is very It is expensive. Since it can be manufactured on a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, it is possible to realize a large-area device using a large-sized substrate (for example, lm-square). By using a substrate, the number of steps can be reduced, and the cost is also effective.
- the present invention provides a semiconductor element having a structure in which a II-VI compound semiconductor and any one of the electrode materials (1) to (3) are joined.
- the electrode material of the present invention is preferably used in a state of being bonded to a II-VI compound semiconductor, but the upper and lower relations are not limited. That is, an electrode material can be laminated on the II-VI compound semiconductor and used, or a II-VI compound semiconductor can be laminated and used on the electrode material. As described above, since the electrode material of the present invention can have a chalcopyrite-type structure without depending on the crystal structure of the lower layer material, a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, or the like can be used as the substrate. Yes, it is an extremely useful electrode material.
- the group II-VI compound semiconductor of the present invention may be a p-type semiconductor containing a dopant or a ambipolar semiconductor.
- a ambipolar semiconductor is a semiconductor having both an electron transporting property and a hole transporting property. The electrons and holes injected into the ambipolar semiconductor recombine with each other in the ambipolar semiconductor, and usually emit light corresponding to the energy difference between the emission levels.
- Non-doped ambipolar semiconductors are preferred because they do not have distortion or defects, so there is no quenching center in the light-emitting portion, and it is possible to suppress the emission of unnecessary wavelengths and to suppress a decrease in luminous efficiency. .
- a semiconductor element characterized in that any one of the electrode materials (10) is joined to a compound semiconductor (100) having at least a surface composed of a p-type ⁇ -VI compound. did. That is, the electrode material according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the semiconductor has at least an outermost layer having a II-VI compound semiconductor layer, and is bonded to the semiconductor via the II-VI compound semiconductor layer. And a semiconductor element having the following. Since the compound A X B Y C Z has low resistance, wiring can be performed by directly contacting the conventional wiring material (for example, Au wire, ITO, etc.) with the compound A x B Y C z. It is.
- the conventional wiring material for example, Au wire, ITO, etc.
- the electrode metal (12) laminated on Compound A X B Y C Z can also be used as a contact portion with the wiring material.
- the electrode metal (12) laminated on Compound A X B Y C Z can also be used as a contact portion with the wiring material.
- an appropriate electrode metal material it is possible to obtain the effect of improving the adhesion between the wiring and the electrode portion and improving the reliability of this portion.
- the hole injection electrode of the p-type II-VI compound semiconductor (200) is
- Compound was A x B Y C z and a semiconductor device having a solid solution material (20) Tona Ru lamination structure of the pi-VI group compound semiconductor semiconductor.
- the compound A X B Y C Z is any one of the electrode materials (1) to (3).
- a semiconductor having at least the outermost layer having a group II-VI compound semiconductor layer the semiconductor being joined to the semiconductor via the group II-VI compound semiconductor layer, and any one of (1) to (3).
- the group II-VI compound semiconductor layer located at the outermost layer of the semiconductor and the group II-VI compound semiconductor contained in the hole injection electrode are made of the same material (the same element, composition, structure, etc.). Or different materials (different elements, compositions, structures, etc.).
- Compound A X B Y C Z and II- VI compound semiconductor or Ranaru solid solution material Compound A X B Y C Z and II - a solid solution of the VI group compound semiconductor
- the compound A X B Y C Z component in the hole injection electrode portion decreases continuously or stepwise from the surface toward the p-type II-VI compound semiconductor.
- the semiconductor element is a semiconductor element.
- the compound A X B Y C Z is any one of the electrode materials (1) to (3).
- the compound A X B Y C Z component in the hole injecting electrode portion is directed from the surface toward the II-VI compound semiconductor layer (in the hole injecting electrode portion).
- the semiconductor element is characterized in that it decreases continuously or stepwise (in the direction of the film thickness toward the junction with the semiconductor layer).
- the II- ⁇ group compound semiconductor contains at least Zn as a group ⁇ element and at least one kind selected from S and Se as a group VI element. And a semiconductor element containing an element.
- a semiconductor element having a structure in which a III-V group compound semiconductor and the electrode material according to any one of (1) to (3) are joined.
- (10) A semiconductor element characterized by having a structure in which an organic semiconductor is bonded to (1) to (3), and the electrode material described in any of (1) to (3).
- the electrode material of the present invention is effective as a hole injection electrode not only in II-VI compound semiconductors, but also in III-V compound semiconductors and organic semiconductors.
- chalcopyrite-type (chalcopyrite-type) compounds can easily obtain low-resistance p-type semiconductors. It is known that II-VI compound semiconductors have a zinc blende type structure, while chalcopyrite type compounds have a structure very similar to the zinc blende type structure. In other words, the chalcopyrite-type structure is similar to the zinc-blende-type structure in that the unit cells are similarly slightly distorted and are stacked in two layers in the z-axis direction. Due to this structural similarity, the chalcopyrite compound can form a mixed crystal (one embodiment of a solid solution) with the II-VI compound semiconductor. That is, when a chalcopyrite compound forms a junction with a II-VI compound semiconductor, it is possible to form an atomic-level graded structure without distortion or defect generation at the junction.
- a compound composed of a group 1B element—a group 8 element—S and Z or Se can obtain a lower resistivity than this.
- Cu (I n, Ga) S e 2 material has a relatively high resistivity as described above, so if it is used as an electrode material, it will have a large resistance. This causes problems such as Joule heat generation.
- the content ratio of the components of the semiconductor electrode material composed of the compound A x B Y C Z is
- the compound is not rope or to have an object of the present invention a high resistance, or a phase having a structure other than chalcopyrite type (e.g. pyrite F e S 2, bornite Cu 5 F e S 4 Etc.) in large quantities, making it difficult to form an ohmic junction with the II-VI compound semiconductor.
- chalcopyrite type e.g. pyrite F e S 2, bornite Cu 5 F e S 4 Etc.
- the compound A X B Y C z has an alkali content of up to about 10 mol% within a range that does not detrimentally degrade the above properties of this material.
- Elements such as elements, alkaline earth elements, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, As, and Sb can be introduced.
- the II-VI compound semiconductor has a zinc blende structure that easily forms a solid solution with the electrode material of the present invention.
- a Group II element Zn compounds S, consisting of elements selected from S e as a Group VI element, or Zn S x S e (! _ X) such as is desirably a mixed crystal of these compounds.
- Mg and Cd can be slightly contained in the range where the sphalerite type is preserved as the crystal structure.
- II-VI compound semiconductors that form junctions can be joined even when the outermost surface is an intrinsic semiconductor, but it is more preferable that at least the surface be p-type. This is because the outermost p-type layer functions as a so-called contact layer, which is conventionally known, and makes it easier to form an ohmic junction.
- a solid solution material composed of a II-VI group compound semiconductor and A X B Y C Z is joined to a II-VI group compound semiconductor.
- VI compound semiconductor can form a solid solution from the similarity of structure, it is possible to such a configuration.
- the composition can be continuously changed in the solid solution of the II-VI group compound semiconductor and A X B Y C Z from the similarity of the structure, so that such a configuration is possible.
- the component of the II-VI compound semiconductor is The material to be increased stepwise is arranged.
- composition of the solid solution of the III-VI compound semiconductor and A X B Y C Z can be continuously changed from the structural similarity, and thus such a configuration is possible.
- the present invention provides a technique for forming a low-resistance, stable, non-toxic, and highly productive electrode as a technique for forming a p-type ohmic contact electrode in a II-VI compound semiconductor.
- the inventors have found that, as a semiconductor light emitting device, the light emitting layer can be applied not only to a p-type semiconductor but also to a semiconductor exhibiting simultaneous bipolarity.
- the electrode material of the present invention can be applied to the case where the light emitting device is a III-V compound semiconductor or an organic semiconductor.
- the electrode of the present invention can also be used as an electrode of a light emitting element having this configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the configuration of a semiconductor device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the current-voltage characteristics of the Cu—Fe—S film according to the present invention described in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the shape of a circular electrode of Example 16.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics measured using the circular electrode of Example 16.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the diode shown in Example 16.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics of the diode shown in Example 16.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the diode shown in Example 18.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram according to Examples 1 to 8 and Examples 10 to 15, and is a diagram in which the composition is plotted in a triangular diagram.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a diode voltage-current characteristic according to Example 20.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a light emitting spectrum of a diode according to Example 20.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing voltage-current characteristics of a diode according to Example 21.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a light emission spectrum of a diode according to Example 21.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the voltage-current characteristics of the diode according to Example 22
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the emission spectrum of the diode according to Example 22).
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the voltage-current characteristics of the diode according to Example 23.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the light emission spectrum of the diode according to Example 23. You.
- FIG. 17 is a table showing the compositions and measured resistivity data of Examples 1 to 15 in Table 1.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the compositions and measured resistivity data of Examples 16 to 18 in Table 2.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the compositions and measured resistivity data of Reference Examples 1 to 3 in Table 3.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing current-voltage characteristics measured using the electrode of Example 24.
- FIG. 21 is a view showing current-voltage characteristics measured using the electrode of Example 26. The invention's effect
- a technique for forming a p-type ohmic contact electrode in a group II-VI compound semiconductor a technique for forming a low-resistance, stable, non-toxic and highly productive electrode is provided.
- a semiconductor device a low threshold value and a long life device can be realized.
- an electrode material which is effective not only for II-VI group compound semiconductors, but also for ⁇ - ⁇ group compound semiconductors and organic semiconductors.
- the present electrode material can obtain practical electric characteristics not only on a single crystal substrate but also on a polycrystalline substrate, a glass substrate, a plastic substrate and the like.
- A1 electrodes having a diameter of lmm and an interval of 3 were formed by vapor deposition. As shown in the current-voltage characteristics shown in Fig. 2, it was found that a very good low-resistance junction was formed between the electrodes.
- A1 was used as the electrode metal, but since this thin film has a high carrier concentration and high conductivity, there is no restriction on the electrode metal, and other thin films such as Au, In, Pt, Pd, etc. Similar current-voltage characteristics can be obtained with metals.
- FIG. 8 is a triangular plot of the compositions of Examples 1 to 8 and Examples 10 to 15.
- the area surrounded by the dotted line () is the compound A X B Y C Z ,
- composition region of the electrode material of the present invention where A is Cu, B is Fe, and C is S.
- FIG. 3 shows a circular shape (center electrode with a diameter of ⁇ , outer electrode with an outer diameter of 3 ⁇ with an interval of 0.2 arms around it) at a substrate temperature of 150 ° C. Further, A1 was deposited and deposited in the same shape.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the shape of a circular electrode of Example 16.
- the current-voltage characteristics between the electrodes measured using this circular electrode were as shown in FIG. 4, and showed a linear characteristic without a threshold voltage.
- a transmission line model (TLM) pattern is formed on the above-mentioned N-doped p-ZnSe using a material synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 as a raw material. Further, A1 was deposited on the pattern in the same shape by vapor deposition.
- TLM transmission line model
- ZnSe meaning that Zn and Se are contained, and their contents are not specified. The same applies hereinafter
- ZnSSe ZnMgSe
- ZnMgSSe ZnMgSSe
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a diode of Example 16.
- a diode having the structure shown in this figure was fabricated.
- vapor deposition was performed with a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm ⁇ ), and A 1 (0.1 ⁇ mff) was deposited thereon in the same shape. . This is electrode A.
- the A1 vapor deposition film was directly attached also on the n-ZnSe substrate at a position of about 2 mm from the electrode A as shown in the figure. This is electrode B. After that, each substrate was heat-treated at 350 ° C for 2 minutes.
- the current-voltage characteristics of the electrode A as a positive electrode and the electrode B as a negative electrode were observed. As shown in Fig. 6, rectification characteristics showing a threshold value near + 3V were obtained.
- ZnS e is Cu. 245 Fe. 245 S. . It was found that a solid solution to 5.
- the material subjected to the above baking treatment shows p-type conduction and has a resistivity of 12 ⁇ cm.
- a heat evaporation deposition was performed on an insulating ZnSe substrate (crystal plane orientation ⁇ ) using a Mo boat.
- the substrate temperature was 150 ° C.
- the obtained film with a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ was found to exhibit ⁇ -type conduction and extremely high conductivity with a resistivity of 3 X 10 " 3 Qcm.
- XRD analysis showed that the thin film had a chalcopyrite structure. I had it.
- An A1 electrode with a diameter of 3 mm per country was formed on this film by vapor deposition. Observation of current-voltage characteristics showed that a linear characteristic with almost no threshold voltage was observed. It was found that a very good low-resistance ohmic junction was formed between the electrodes.
- Example 18 The synthetic material in Example 1 above (Cu .. 245 F e 0 245 S 0 51..) 0 9 -.. (Z n S e) 0, similarly except that the solid solution as in Example 16, A diode was fabricated. Good rectification characteristics similar to those in Fig. 6 were obtained. In addition, when a voltage higher than the threshold was applied, light emission with a peak wavelength of about 465 nm was observed from the interface of p-ZnSe / n-ZnSe c [Example 18]
- Cu—Fe_S synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 (the notation of “Cu—Fe—S” means that substantially consists of Cu, Fe, and S; The content is not specified.The same shall apply hereinafter.)
- the laminated structure has a structure of A1Z ZiSZyZp—ZnSe / n_ZnSe force.
- the thickness of each of ⁇ ; and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ layers is 0.15 m. Good rectification characteristics similar to those in FIG. 6 were obtained.
- a voltage higher than the threshold was applied, light emission with a peak wavelength of about 465 nm was observed from the interface of p-ZnSe / nZnSe.
- Example 18 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ y was deposited on a high-resistance ZnSe substrate with a structure of ⁇ / ZnSe (thickness of each layer was 0.15 ⁇ ). Heat treatment was applied. Observation of the element concentration distribution of this film by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) revealed that the interface of ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / was ambiguous, and that S ⁇ and Se were in the order of ct—jS—T /. It was found that the content increased continuously. It was found that the composition was continuously changed substantially like ⁇ ⁇ ] 3 ⁇ ⁇ .
- Example 18 The diode fabricated in Example 18 was subjected to a heat treatment at 350 ° C. for 5 minutes, and the current-voltage characteristics were observed. As a result, good rectification characteristics similar to those in FIG. 6 were obtained. In Example 18 the laminated structure in which the composition ratio changes stepwise in the form of ⁇ // ⁇ was used. However, even when the composition was substantially intermittently changed as in this example, good characteristics were obtained. Was obtained.
- a diode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 16 except that non-doped ZnSe was inserted between the n-type ZnSe single-crystal substrate and the N-doped p-ZnSe. This means that non-doped ZnSe was used as the simultaneous bipolar semiconductor forming the light emitting layer.
- Simultaneous two poles A conductor is a semiconductor that has both an electron transporting property and a hole transporting property. The electrons and holes injected into the ambipolar semiconductor recombine with each other in the ambipolar semiconductor, and usually emit light corresponding to the energy difference between the emission levels.
- non-doped ambipolar semiconductors have no distortion or defects, they do not have an extinction center at the light-emitting site and can suppress the reduction in luminous efficiency, such as suppressing the induction of unnecessary wavelength light. preferable.
- the non-doped ZnSe layer was formed by the MBE method as in Example 16.
- the thicknesses of the non-doped ZnSe and the N-doped p-ZnSe were 100 nm and 500 nm, respectively.
- Figure 9 shows the voltage-current characteristic curve of this diode. Good diode characteristics were obtained.
- FIG. 10 shows a light emission spectrum obtained when +5 V was applied. Emission having a peak at 460 nm was obtained.
- Example 20 A diode similar to that in Example 20 was used, except that a 100 nm thick CuSe and Al-doped ZnSe (ZnSe: Cu, Al) layer was introduced in place of the non-doped ZnSe layer. Produced. Each concentration of Cu and A1 was 1 X 1CT 3 atomic percent. Figure 11 shows the voltage-current characteristic curve of this diode. Good diode characteristics were obtained.
- FIG. 12 shows a light emission spectrum obtained when +5 V was applied. The light emission had a peak near 600 nm.
- A1 added to ZnSe forms a donor level
- Cu forms an acceptor level.
- a diode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 20, except that a crystal dispersion ZnSe layer of PbSe having a thickness of 100 nm was inserted instead of the non-doped ZnSe layer.
- the preparation of the PbSe nanocrystal dispersed ZnSe layer was performed as follows.
- the obtained luminescence was almost the same as the luminescence spectrum of the introduced PbSe nanocrystal. In other words, it was found that both the electron and hole carriers injected from both electrodes were captured by the introduced PbSe and recombined with the PbSe as the emission center.
- Example 16 was repeated except that the material inserted between the N-doped p-ZnSe and the A1 electrode in Example 16 was changed to an alternately deposited film of a Cu-Fe-S material and p-ZnSe. Diodes were fabricated in the same manner.
- the alternately deposited film of Cu-Fe_S material and p-ZnSe was prepared as follows.
- the Cu-Fe-S material is the same as that prepared in Example 1, and the thickness of S is 0.4 nm, 0.4 nm, 0.6 nm, 0.8 nm, 1. O nm, 1.2 nm, 1.4 nm.
- the thickness of Z n Se is uniformly 2 nm is there.
- the above-mentioned CuFeS material was deposited to a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
- the film was formed by a resistance heating evaporation method using a Mo boat.
- good rectification characteristics were obtained in the same manner as in Example 16, and as shown in Fig. 16, by applying a voltage higher than the threshold, the p-ZnSe / n-ZnSe interface Emission with a peak wavelength of about 465 nm was observed.
- This structure forms a crystal in which the components of the Cu—Fe—S material are reduced gradually from the surface toward the p-type ZnSe. With such a structure, it is also possible to have a gradient composition and function.
- the compound A X B Y C Z and the solid solution material of the A X B Y C Z and the II-VI compound semiconductor were formed by the resistance heating vacuum evaporation method. Similar effects can be obtained by film forming technology, such as electron beam evaporation or MBE.
- the raw material of the film in these embodiments, A X B Y C Z and A X B Y C Z and II- VI group compound is used a solid solution material of the semiconductor, as a raw material, for example, sulfide Cu 2 S , FeS 2 , ZnS, selenide Cu 2 Se, FeSe or ZnSe may be used. Further, a single substance such as Cu, Fe, Zn, S, and Se can be used as a raw material. It is possible to select and use appropriate raw materials for each film forming technology.
- This embodiment is an embodiment in which the electrode material of the present invention is bonded to a p-type III-V compound semiconductor.
- FIG. 20 shows the current-voltage characteristics between the electrodes in the obtained semiconductor device. As shown in FIG. 20, a linear characteristic without a threshold voltage was obtained. That is, it was confirmed that the electrode material of the present invention effectively worked on the p-type III-V semiconductor.
- the electrode material of the present invention is applied on a glass substrate.
- Cu—Fe—Se films were formed on glass by a resistance heating type vapor deposition apparatus. Film formation is performed by simultaneously irradiating each material on a non-alkali glass (Cornig # 7059) substrate maintained at room temperature at 1000, 1350, and 150 ° C in a BN crucible and depositing the film. Performed by
- the film was taken out of the vapor deposition device and subjected to boss annealing at 400 ° C. for 5 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a film having a thickness of 0.45 ⁇ .
- XRD analysis showed that the obtained film had a chalcopyrite structure.
- ICP analysis revealed that the concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Se were 26, 23, and 51 at, respectively.
- a negative electromotive force (_0.5 mV) was obtained for a positive temperature difference (+ 5 ° C), indicating that it was a p-type semiconductor.
- the electrical conductivity by the four-point method was 0.012 ⁇ cm.
- a type semiconductor film was obtained. From the ICP analysis, it was found that the concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Se in this film were 25, 23, and 52 at%.
- This embodiment is an embodiment in which the electrode material of the present invention is bonded to a p-type organic semiconductor.
- a material synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 was pressed on a 150-nra-thick triphenyldiamine (TPD) film formed on a non-alkali glass (Cornig # 7059) substrate by lamp heating vacuum evaporation.
- TPD triphenyldiamine
- a circular electrode with a thickness of 100 nm in the shape shown in Fig. 3 was formed using pulsed laser deposition (PLD).
- PLD pulsed laser deposition
- A1 was deposited on this circular electrode in the same manner as in Example 16 by a vacuum evaporation method at about 80 ⁇ .
- the laser source used was a 366nm Q-switch YAG (about 300raJ / pulse, beam diameter about 8mra, 10Hz, pulse width; about 5nsec). This means that a structure of AlZ (Cu, Fe, Se) electrode material TPD / (Cu, Fe, Se) electrode material ZA1 was formed between the center electrode and the outer electrode.
- the substrate holding temperature was set to room temperature when forming TPD and A1, and the substrate holding temperature was set to 50 ° C. when forming (Cu, Fe, Se) electrode materials.
- this (Cu, Fe, Se) electrode material film contains Cu, Fe, and S at 25, 24.5, and 50.5 at%, respectively.
- the composition was found to be almost the same as the raw material.
- TPD is a typical p-type organic substance It is one of the semiconductors. That is, it was confirmed that this electrode material also effectively worked on the p-type organic semiconductor.
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Abstract
Description
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EP04729235A EP1619693A4 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-04-23 | ELECTRODE MATERIAL AND SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT |
US10/516,377 US7355213B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-04-23 | Electrode material and semiconductor element |
JP2005505874A JP4343905B2 (ja) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-04-23 | 電極材料および半導体素子 |
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EP (1) | EP1619693A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4343905B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060005289A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100390940C (ja) |
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CN111994883B (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-02-08 | 江南大学 | 一种具有近红外光响应的有序手性硒化铜铁纳米薄膜的制备方法 |
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JPH0823112A (ja) * | 1994-07-07 | 1996-01-23 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | カルコパイライト型化合物薄膜の製造方法 |
JP2000091598A (ja) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-31 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | カルコパイライト型化合物半導体光デバイスとその製造方法 |
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JPS5918877B2 (ja) | 1976-05-31 | 1984-05-01 | 宏 柊元 | 光半導体素子 |
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JPS63193464A (ja) * | 1987-02-04 | 1988-08-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解液電池 |
JPH0729924A (ja) | 1993-07-12 | 1995-01-31 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 化合物半導体装置およびその製造装置 |
JPH07221348A (ja) | 1994-01-31 | 1995-08-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電極及びその製造方法 |
JPH1079525A (ja) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-03-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 化合物半導体及びそれを用いた薄膜太陽電池 |
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US6882051B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2005-04-19 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nanowires, nanostructures and devices fabricated therefrom |
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JP2000091598A (ja) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-31 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | カルコパイライト型化合物半導体光デバイスとその製造方法 |
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