WO2004082048A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004082048A1 WO2004082048A1 PCT/JP2004/002562 JP2004002562W WO2004082048A1 WO 2004082048 A1 WO2004082048 A1 WO 2004082048A1 JP 2004002562 W JP2004002562 W JP 2004002562W WO 2004082048 A1 WO2004082048 A1 WO 2004082048A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- electrode layer
- amount
- pore
- water
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8636—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells with a gradient in another property than porosity
- H01M4/8642—Gradient in composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel for generating electricity by laminating a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer on the front and back surfaces of an electrolyte membrane, bringing hydrogen into contact with the catalyst of the negative electrode layer, and bringing oxygen into contact with the catalyst of the positive electrode layer.
- Battery Background art
- a conventional fuel cell 100 includes an electrolyte membrane 101, positive and negative electrode layers 102 and 103 laminated on the front and back surfaces thereof, and a positive electrode layer 102.
- a hydrogen gas flow path (not shown) provided on the outer surface of the fuel cell.
- Oxygen gas flows from the supply side 106a of the oxygen gas flow path 106 to the discharge side 106b.
- hydrogen ions (H +) generated by the reaction in the negative electrode layer 103 pass through the electrolyte membrane 101 and have an arrow on the positive electrode layer 102 side. Flows like so.
- the oxygen gas flows from the positive electrode layer 102 toward the electrolyte membrane 101.
- oxygen gas flows from the supply side 106a to the discharge side 106b in the oxygen gas flow path 106 as indicated by an arrow.
- oxygen gas stays in the bent portions 106 c and 106 c of the oxygen gas flow path 106, and the discharge side 106 b of the oxygen gas flow path 106, that is, the lower side of the positive electrode layer 102. At 102b, the flow rate of oxygen gas tends to decrease.
- the other surface contains a water-repellent resin, so that the generated water can easily flow out from the lower part 102 b, and It is possible to prevent the generated water from accumulating in 102b.
- the fuel in which the water content in the electrolyte membrane 101 is appropriately maintained by keeping the electrolyte membrane 101 in a wet state to increase the power generation efficiency is noted.
- a battery is proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-024.
- the discharge of generated water is suppressed on the supply side 106a of the oxygen gas flow path 106, and the discharge of generated water is promoted on the discharge side 106b of the oxygen gas flow path 106. By doing so, it becomes possible to keep the water content of the electrolyte membrane suitable.
- the discharge of generated water is suppressed on the supply side of the oxygen gas flow path, and the generated water is discharged on the discharge side of the oxygen gas flow path. It is difficult to further enhance the performance of the fuel cell and reduce the cost of the fuel cell only by promoting the fuel cell.
- the present inventors have discovered in the positive electrode layer that oxygen gas can be easily introduced or difficult to introduce in an experiment to improve the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. did. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that there are sites where the reaction between hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O) easily progresses, and sites where the reaction proceeds slowly. I discovered that.
- the power generation reaction and stagnation of generated water tend to gradually change from the positive electrode layer near the electrolyte membrane toward the positive electrode diffusion layer, and are further discharged from the supply side of the oxygen gas flow path. It was found that there was a tendency to change gradually toward the side. Furthermore, it was found that when the positive electrode layer was used vertically, the power generation reaction and the retention of generated water tended to gradually change from the upper side to the lower side of the positive electrode layer.
- the components in the positive electrode layer that is, the electrolyte, the catalyst, the pore-forming material, etc., are gradually changed from the portion near the electrolyte membrane toward the positive electrode diffusion layer, and gradually from the upper portion to the lower portion in the vertical direction. It was also expected that the problem could be solved by gradually changing the oxygen gas flow path from the supply side to the discharge side.
- an electrolyte membrane positive and negative electrode layers respectively stacked on the front and back surfaces of the electrolyte membrane and arranged in a vertical direction, and a positive electrode stacked on the positive electrode layer A diffusion layer, a negative electrode diffusion layer laminated on the negative electrode layer, an oxygen gas flow path provided on an outer surface of the positive electrode layer, and a hydrogen gas flow path provided on an outer surface of the negative electrode layer.
- the positive electrode layer includes an electrolyte, carbon, a catalyst supported on carbon, a pore-forming material, and a water-repellent resin, and the weight ratio of these electrolytes, the amount of the catalyst carried, and the amount of the pore-forming material.
- the weight ratio of electrolyte carbon, the amount of supported catalyst meaning “the amount of catalyst supported on carbon”; the same applies hereinafter
- the amount of pore former meaning “the amount of catalyst supported on carbon”; the same applies hereinafter
- the weight ratio of electrolyte / carbon, the amount of supported catalyst, the amount of pore former, and the amount of water-repellent resin were gradually changed from the upper part to the lower part in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer.
- each component of the positive electrode layer is gradually changed in accordance with the state of introduction of oxygen gas, and gradually changed in accordance with the reaction state of hydrogen ions (H + ) and oxygen (O 2 ). It can be gradually changed according to the drainage state. This makes it possible to appropriately include the components constituting the positive electrode layer in accordance with the respective portions of the positive electrode layer, to increase the power generation efficiency in each portion, and to appropriately adjust the drainage of generated water. .
- each component constituting the positive electrode layer in accordance with each site of the positive electrode layer, it is possible to prevent each component from being excessively contained. Thereby, the content of each component constituting the positive electrode layer can be minimized, and the cost can be reduced.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon contained in the positive electrode layer and the supported amount of the catalyst decrease from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane toward the positive electrode diffusion layer, and from the top in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer.
- the amount decreases toward the bottom, decreases from the supply side to the discharge side of the oxygen gas flow path, and the amount of the pore former and the amount of the water-repellent resin contained in the positive electrode layer are diffused from the side closer to the electrolyte membrane to the cathode. It increases in the layer direction, increases from the upper part in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer to the lower part, and increases from the supply side to the discharge side of the oxygen gas flow path.
- the power generation reaction particularly proceeds at the boundary between the electrolyte membrane and the positive electrode layer, and gradually becomes gentle from the boundary toward the positive electrode diffusion layer. Furthermore, the power generation reaction proceeds particularly in the upper part of the positive electrode layer, and gradually becomes gentler from the upper part to the lower part. Furthermore, the power generation reaction proceeds particularly on the supply side of the oxygen gas flow path, and gradually becomes gentler from the supply side to the discharge side. Therefore, a portion requiring a large amount of the electrolyte Z-carbon and a large amount of the supported catalyst can contain a large amount of these components to increase the power generation efficiency at each portion.
- the amount of the pore-forming material and the amount of the water-repellent resin are increased from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane toward the positive electrode diffusion layer, from the upper portion to the lower portion in the vertical direction, and from the supply side to the discharge side of the oxygen gas flow path.
- the amount of the pore former and the amount of the water-repellent resin can be suitably included in each portion of the positive electrode layer, and the drainage of the generated water at each portion can be appropriately adjusted. Therefore, a large amount of the pore-forming material and a large amount of the water-repellent resin are required to be contained in these portions. Further, in a portion where only a small amount of the pore-forming material and the small amount of the water-repellent resin are required, by making these components small, it is possible to prevent excessive inclusion of these components.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon, the amount of the supported catalyst, the amount of the pore former, and the amount of the water-repellent resin are uniform on the surface where the positive electrode layer contacts the electrolyte membrane. I made it.
- each component of the positive electrode layer is uniformly contained so that a sufficient catalytic reaction can be performed and the water content of the electrolyte membrane can be ensured. Thereby, the power generation reaction can be sufficiently enhanced in the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell illustrating one cell in detail according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in which a part of the cell shown in FIG. 1 is omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the amounts of respective components contained in the positive electrode layer shown in FIG.
- Fig. 4A shows the amount of carbon and catalyst carried near the electrolyte membrane of the positive electrode layer
- Fig. 4B shows the amount of carbon and catalyst carried from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane to the positive electrode diffusion layer.
- Figure 5A shows the amount of carbon and catalyst carried from the top to the bottom of the positive electrode layer
- Figure 5B shows the carbon and catalyst from the supply side to the discharge side according to the oxygen flow path.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing the amount of the carrier.
- FIGS. 6A to 6E show the electrolyte / carbon weight ratio, the pore-forming material ratio, the pore-forming volatile solvent ratio, the water-repellent resin ratio, and the electrolyte / carbon weight ratio contained in the positive electrode layer according to the first embodiment. It is the graph which displayed the ratio of the catalyst corresponding to each composition.
- FIGS. 7A to 7G are schematic diagrams illustrating the composition of each block by dividing the positive electrode layer of the first embodiment into a plurality of blocks.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing the electrolyte membrane, the positive electrode layer, and the positive electrode diffusion layer of the first example.
- FIG. 9 is a view taken in the direction of arrow 9 shown in FIG. 8, and is a schematic view showing a reaction between oxygen and hydrogen ions and a state of generated water.
- FIG. 10 is a view taken in the direction of arrow 10 shown in FIG. 8, and is a schematic view showing the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen ions and the state of generated water.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are views taken in the direction of the arrow 11 shown in FIG. 8, and show the weight ratio of the electrolyte membrane carbon, the amount of the catalyst carried, the amount of the pore-forming agent, the pore-forming volatile solvent and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the amount of water-repellent resin.
- FIGS. 12 to 12C are diagrams showing the component amounts of the positive electrode layer according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a coating apparatus for manufacturing the positive electrode layer of the fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 14A to 14D are views showing a method of manufacturing a positive electrode layer using the coating apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a conventional fuel cell (one cell).
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fuel cell shown in FIG. 15 and shows a reaction between oxygen and hydrogen ions and a state of generated water.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a state where generated water stays along the oxygen gas flow channel shown in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the whole image of the fuel cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and also shows an exploded view of one cell constituting the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell 10 shown in FIG. 1 is configured by stacking a plurality of cells 11.
- positive and negative electrode layers 13 and 14 are respectively laminated on the front and back surfaces of the electrolyte membrane 12, and a positive electrode diffusion layer 15 (see FIG. 2) is formed on the positive electrode layer 13. ), A negative electrode diffusion layer 16 (see FIG. 2) is laminated on the negative electrode layer 14, and a separator 17 is provided on the outer surface of the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 to form the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 and the separator 17.
- an oxygen gas flow path 18 is formed, and a separator 19 is provided on the outer surface of the negative electrode diffusion layer 16.
- the hydrogen gas flow path 20 (between the negative electrode diffusion layer 16 and the separator 19) is formed. (See Fig. 2).
- the positive and negative electrode layers 13 and 14, the positive and negative electrode diffusion layers 15 and 16, and the separators 17 and 19 are arranged in the vertical direction.
- Reference numerals 21 and 22 are seals. By providing a seal 21 between the electrolyte membrane 12 and the separator 17, the gap between the electrolyte membrane 12 and the separator 17 is sealed. By interposing a seal 22 between the electrolyte membrane 12 and the separator 19, the gap between the electrolyte membrane 12 and the separator 19 is sealed.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section of the cell shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode layer 13 is laminated on one surface of the electrolyte membrane 12, and the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 is further laminated on the positive electrode layer 13.
- the separator 17 is provided on the outer surface of the positive electrode diffusion layer 15.
- the oxygen gas flow path 18 is formed by the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 and the groove 17 a formed in the separator 17.
- oxygen (0 2 ) By supplying oxygen gas to the oxygen gas flow path 18, oxygen (0 2 ) enters the positive electrode layer 13 via the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 as shown by the arrow (1), and It enters the electrolyte membrane 12 from within the pole layer 13.
- Hydrogen ions (H + ) generated by the reaction in the negative electrode layer 14 pass through the electrolyte membrane 12 and enter the positive electrode layer 13 as shown by the arrow (2).
- a part of the remaining generated water flows out of the positive electrode layer 13 into the positive electrode diffusion layer 15, and the other generated water descends in the positive electrode layer 13 by its own weight.
- the positive electrode layer 13 is provided between the electrolyte membrane 12 and the positive electrode diffusion layer 15.
- An oxygen gas flow path 18 (see also FIG. 2) is provided in the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 along the outer surface.
- oxygen gas flows from the supply side 18 a to the discharge side 18 b.
- the positive electrode layer 13 mainly contains an electrolyte, carbon, a catalyst supported on carbon, a pore-forming material, a volatile solvent for pore-forming action, and a water-repellent resin.
- the electrolyte is, for example, a fluorine compound, and the catalyst is, for example, platinum.
- the pore-forming material changes the porosity of the positive electrode layer 13, and the porosity can be increased by increasing the number of the pore-forming materials. By adjusting the porosity, the diffusion and drainage of oxygen gas can be controlled.
- the pore-forming material for example, acicular carbon fibers having conductivity correspond.
- the pore-forming volatile solvent for example, butanol (butyl alcohol) is applicable.
- water-repellent resin examples include tetrafluoroethylene.
- Electrolyte, carbon, and the catalyst supported on carbon affect the power generation reaction. When these substances increase, the power generation reaction increases, and when it decreases, the power generation reaction decreases.
- the pore-forming volatile solvent forms pores by being volatilized during drying, and plays the same role as the pore-forming material.
- Water-repellent resin enhances the drainage of generated water.
- the pore-forming material, the pore-forming volatile solvent and the water-repellent resin have an effect on the drainage of the generated water, and when these substances are reduced, the drainage is reduced, and when the substances are increased, the drainage is increased. .
- the weight ratio of electrolyte / carbon and the amount of catalyst supported on carbon are determined from the side of the electrolyte membrane 12 as indicated by the first arrow 25. Decrease gradually toward the side.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte / carbon and the supported amount of the catalyst are gradually reduced from top to bottom in the vertical direction.
- the electrolyte / carbon weight ratio and the amount of catalyst carried are gradually reduced from the supply side 18a to the discharge side 18b of the oxygen gas flow path 18 as shown by the third arrow 27. .
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent, and the amount of the water-repellent resin are gradually increased from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 as shown by the fourth arrow 30.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin are changed from the upper 13 a in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13 to the lower 13 b as shown by the fifth arrow 31. Gradually increase it.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin are changed from the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 to the discharge side 18b as shown by the sixth arrow 32. And gradually increase it.
- FIG. 4A shows the state of the catalyst supported on carbon and carbon on the surface 34 (see also FIG. 3) of the positive electrode layer 13 which contacts the electrolyte membrane, and FIG.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte Z-carbon and the supported amount of the catalyst 38 are gradually reduced from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15.
- the catalyst 38 is carried in a dense state on the surface of the large force 36, and the catalyst 38 is carried in a dense state on the surface of the small diameter carbon 37. These carbons 36 and 37 are densely contained in the surface 34 that contacts the electrolyte membrane.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the pore-forming action, the amount of the volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin are made to be small and uniform on the surface 34 that is in contact with the electrolyte membrane. Thereby, the power generation reaction can be sufficiently enhanced in the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the catalyst 38 is densely supported on the surface of the large-diameter carbon 36, and the catalyst 38 is densely supported on the surface of the small-diameter carbon 37.
- the positive electrode layer 13 is made to contain the above-mentioned electrodes 36 and 37 so that the state changes from a dense state to a rough state from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15. That is, in the positive electrode layer 13, as shown by the first arrow 25, the weight ratio of the electrolyte Z carbon and the amount of the catalyst 38 carried gradually from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15. Decrease it.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show the state of the components in the vertical direction included in the positive electrode layer 13.
- FIG.5A shows a state in which the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the amount of the catalyst 38 carried gradually decrease from the upper part 13a in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13 to the lower part 13b. ing.
- the catalyst 38 supported on the surface of the large-diameter carbon 36 in a dense state is included so as to gradually decrease from the upper 13 a to the lower 13 b of the positive electrode layer 13.
- the catalyst 38 was supported on the surface of the large-diameter carbon 36 in a rough state, and was included so as to increase from the upper part 13 a to the lower part 13 b of the positive electrode layer 13.
- the supported amount of the electrolyte / carbon catalyst 38 is shifted from the upper part 13 a to the lower part 13 b in the vertical direction as shown by the second arrow 26. And gradually decrease it.
- FIG. 5B shows a state in which the weight ratio of electrolyte Z-carbon and the amount of catalyst 38 carried are gradually reduced from the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 to the discharge side 18b. ing.
- a large-diameter carbon material 36 on which a catalyst 38 is carried in a dense state is included in the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 so that the large-diameter force 3
- the catalyst 38 supported on the surface of the catalyst 6 in a rough state is included in the middle portion 18 c of the oxygen gas flow path 18, and the catalyst 38 not supported on the surface of the large-diameter carbon 36 is included.
- the oxygen gas flow path 18 was included in the discharge side 18 b. That is, in the positive electrode layer 13, the weight of the electrolyte carbon is increased from the supply side 18 a to the discharge side 18 b of the oxygen gas flow path 18 as shown by the third arrow 27 (see FIG. 3). The ratio and the loading of catalyst 38 are gradually reduced.
- Part of the generated water in the positive electrode layer 13 evaporates into the oxygen gas flow path 18 and moves together with the oxygen gas.
- the oxygen gas In the oxygen gas, the oxygen gas easily stays at the bent portion 18 d of the oxygen gas flow path 18, and the flow rate of the oxygen gas easily decreases at the discharge side 18 b of the oxygen gas flow path 18. Therefore, the generated water easily accumulates on the discharge side 18 b of the oxygen gas flow path 18. For this reason, the drainage of generated water at the discharge side 18 b of the oxygen gas flow path 18 is improved, and the generated water is It is necessary to drain well. Therefore, the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent, and the amount of the water-repellent resin contained in the positive electrode layer 13 are determined by the supply of the oxygen gas flow path 18 as indicated by the sixth arrow 32 (see FIG. 3). Gradually increase from side 18a to discharge side 18b.
- the weight ratio of electrolyte / carbon is that the amount of catalyst 38 supported is diffused from the positive electrode layer 13 toward the electrolyte membrane 12 near the positive electrode.
- the thickness of the positive electrode layer 13 decreases from the upper part 13a to the lower part 13b in the vertical direction, and decreases from the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18. It was reduced toward the discharge side 18b.
- the amount of the pore-forming material and the amount of the water-repellent resin are increased from the portion near the electrolyte membrane 12 of the positive electrode layer 13 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15, and the upper part of the positive electrode layer 13 in the vertical direction 1 is further increased.
- the oxygen gas flow was increased from 3a toward the lower 13b direction, and increased from the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 to the discharge side 18b.
- the drainage of the generated water at each portion is appropriately adjusted.
- a large amount of the pore-forming material and the large amount of the water-repellent resin are required to be contained in a portion requiring these components, so that the power generation efficiency in each portion can be increased.
- the ratio of the pore former and the water-repellent resin indicates the ratio in the solid content.
- the proportion of the pore-forming volatile solvent indicates the proportion in the solvent.
- the respective proportions of the pore former and the water-repellent resin shown in Table 1 represent proportions in the solid content.
- the ratio in solids refers to the ratio of the weight occupied by each material to the total solids weight per unit volume forming the electrode.
- the ratio of the pore-forming volatile solvent indicates the ratio in the solvent.
- the ratio in the solvent refers to the weight ratio of the pore-forming volatile solvent to the total weight of the solvent used to form the electrode per unit volume.
- the components of the composition A have an electrolyte / carbon weight ratio of 2.0, a pore-forming material ratio of 5.0, a pore-forming volatile solvent ratio of 0, a water-repellent resin ratio of 0, and a catalyst support.
- the ratio was 49.1.
- composition B have a weight ratio of electrolyte Z-carbon of 1.8, a ratio of pore-forming material of 7.3, a ratio of volatile solvent for pore-forming action of 7.5, and a ratio of water-repellent resin of 4.8.
- the catalyst share was set at 48.1.
- Composition C had a weight ratio of electrolyte carbon of 1.6, a proportion of pore-forming material of 9.5, a proportion of volatile solvent for pore-forming action of 14.0, and a proportion of water-repellent resin of 9.4.
- the loading ratio of the catalyst was 47.2.
- Composition D had a weight ratio of electrolyte Z-carbon of 1.4, a ratio of pore-forming material of 11.6, a ratio of volatile solvent for pore-forming action of 19.9, and a ratio of water-repellent resin of 13. 7.
- the catalyst loading ratio was 46.2.
- Composition E had a weight ratio of electrolyte carbon of 1.2, a proportion of pore-forming material of 13.6, a proportion of volatile solvent for pore-forming action of 25.1, and a proportion of water-repellent resin of 17.9, The catalyst carrying ratio was 45.7.
- Composition F had a weight ratio of electrolyte carbon of 1.0, a ratio of pore-forming material of 15.5, a ratio of volatile solvent for pore-forming action of 29.8, a ratio of water-repellent resin of 21.9, and a catalyst. Is set at 44.6.
- Composition G has an electrolyte / carbon weight ratio of 0.9, a pore-forming material ratio of 17.3, a pore-forming volatile solvent ratio of 32.8, and a water-repellent resin ratio of 23.6.
- the catalyst loading ratio was 43.1.
- Composition H had a weight ratio of electrolyte Z-carbon of 0.8, a proportion of pore-forming material of 19.1, a proportion of volatile solvent for pore-forming action of 35.6, and a proportion of water-repellent resin of 25.2, Catalyst The ownership ratio was 41 ⁇ 0.
- Composition II has an electrolyte / carbon weight ratio of 0.7, a pore-forming material ratio of 20.8, a pore-forming volatile solvent ratio of 38.1, a water-repellent resin ratio of 26.7, and a catalyst. the responsible lifting percentage of the 38.4.
- Composition J had a weight ratio of electrolyte nocarbon of 0.6, a proportion of pore-forming material of 22.4, a proportion of volatile solvent for pore-forming action of 40.6, a proportion of water-repellent resin of 28.2, and a catalyst. Is 35.3.
- FIG. 6A shows the weight ratio of electrolyte / carbon contained in the positive electrode layer to each of the compositions shown in Table 1.
- the weight ratio of electrolyte carbon was in the range of 0.6 to 2.0 (see also Table 1).
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon is less than 0.6, the coverage of the electrolyte with the carbon decreases, and a sufficient reaction cannot be obtained.
- the weight ratio of electrolyte nocarbon exceeds 2.0, the electrolyte component will increase too much, blocking the diffusion path of the generated water, and furthermore, the water retention will be too high, resulting in insufficient reaction. . Therefore, the weight ratio of the electrolyte Z-carbon contained in the positive electrode layer was set in the range of 0.6 to 2.0.
- FIG. 6B shows the ratio of the pore former contained in the positive electrode layer to each of the compositions shown in Table 1.
- the ratio of the pore former was in the range of 5.0-22.4wt% (see also Table 1).
- the ratio of the pore former is less than 5. Owt 0/0, the diffusivity of oxygen gas becomes insufficient, and it is difficult to obtain a sufficient power generation reaction.
- the ratio of the pore former exceeds 22.4 wt%, the amount of binder in the positive electrode layer 13 is insufficient, and it is difficult to secure the strength of the positive electrode layer 13. Furthermore, when the amount of the binder in the positive electrode layer 13 is insufficient, the binding of the components in the positive electrode layer 13 may be insufficient. Therefore, the ratio of the pore former contained in the positive electrode layer was set in the range of 5.0 to 22.4 wt%.
- FIG. 6C shows the ratio of the pore-forming volatile solvent contained in the positive electrode layer to each of the compositions shown in Table 1.
- the ratio of the pore-forming volatile solvent was set in the range of 0 to 40.6wt%. (See also Table 1).
- the lower limit of the ratio of the pore forming action volatile solvent was set to Owt%.
- the ratio of the pore-forming volatile solvent exceeds 40.6 wt%, the amount of binder in the positive electrode layer 13 is insufficient as in the case of the pore-forming material, and the strength of the positive electrode layer 13 is secured. Difficult to do.
- the ratio of the pore-forming volatile solvent contained in the positive electrode layer was set in the range of 0 to 40.6 wt%.
- FIG. 6D shows the ratio of the water-repellent resin contained in the positive electrode layer to each of the compositions shown in Table 1.
- the proportion of the water-repellent resin was in the range of 0 to 28.2 wt% (see also Table 1).
- the ratio of the water-repellent resin contained in the positive electrode layer is set in the range of 0 to 40.6 wt%.
- the amount of electrolyte (ion exchange resin) and water repellent resin is controlled as a binder function.
- FIG. 6E shows the loading ratio of the catalyst contained in the positive electrode layer to each of the compositions shown in Table 1.
- the catalyst loading ratio was in the range of 35.3 to 49.1 wt% (see also Table 1).
- the loading ratio of the catalyst is less than 35.3 w t ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, the total amount of the catalyst required for the reaction is reduced and unreacted oxygen is generated.
- the supported ratio of the catalyst exceeds 49.1 wt ⁇ , the amount of the catalyst is large, and some catalysts do not contribute to the reaction. Therefore, the loading ratio of the catalyst contained in the positive electrode layer was set in the range of 35.3 to 49.1 wt%.
- FIG. 7A to 7G show an arrangement state of the composition constituting the positive electrode layer according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7A shows the positive electrode layer 13 and is divided into three rows (Y1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3) and five columns ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5) in side view.
- electrolyte membrane FIG. 3 shows an example in which the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 is divided into three regions of a Z1 region, a Z2 region, and a Z3 region in the direction of the positive electrode diffusion layer 15, and the positive electrode layer 13 is divided into 45 blocks.
- a block indicated by hatching is displayed as ⁇ 3 (X 1 -Y 1). Other blocks are similarly displayed.
- FIG. 7B, FIG. 7C and FIG. 7D show compositions in the regions Z1, Z2 and Z3.
- the compositions indicated by A to J are the compositions described in Table 1.
- FIG. 7B shows the Z1 region, that is, the region of the positive electrode layer that comes into contact with the electrolyte membrane, and 15 blocks from block Z1 (X1—Y1) to block Z1 (X5—Y3).
- the compositions shown in Table 1 were designated as A.
- the positive electrode layer requires a sufficient catalytic reaction in a region in contact with the electrolyte membrane. Therefore, in order to enable a sufficient catalytic reaction in the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 in the positive electrode layer 13, the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the amount of the catalyst are increased as described in FIG. 4A. And it was made to include uniformly.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin were small and uniform.
- FIG. 7C shows the Z2 region.
- the composition of B was obtained in three blocks of block Z2 (XI-Y1), block Z2 (X2-Y1) and block Z2 (X3-Y1).
- composition of C was made up of three blocks: block Z 2 (X 4 — Y 1), site ⁇ 2 (X 5 — 1), and block ⁇ 2 (X 5- ⁇ 2).
- composition of D was obtained from three blocks, Block ⁇ 2 (X 2 ⁇ 2), Block ⁇ 2 (X 3- ⁇ 2), and Block ⁇ 2 (X 4- ⁇ 2).
- Block ⁇ 2 (X 1 — ⁇ 2), block ⁇ 2 (X 1- ⁇ 3) and block ⁇ 2 (X 2- ⁇ 3) were used as the composition of ⁇ .
- composition of F was obtained in three blocks, block ⁇ 2 (X3_ ⁇ 3), block ⁇ 2 (X4- ⁇ 3), and block ⁇ 2 (X5- ⁇ 3).
- FIG. 7D shows the region of ⁇ 3.
- a composition of C was formed in two blocks, block Z 3 (X 1 -Y 1) and block Z 3 (X 2 -Y 1).
- composition of E was obtained from two blocks, block Z 3 (X 5 -Y 1) and block Z 3 (X 5 -Y 2).
- composition of F was obtained in two blocks, block Z 3 (X 3 -Y 2) and block Z 3 (X 4 -Y 2).
- composition of H was obtained in two blocks, block Z 3 (X 1 -Y 3) and block Z 3 (X 2 -Y 3).
- Block Z 3 (X 3 -Y 3) and Block Z 3 (X 4 -Y 3), were used as the composition of I.
- Block Z3 (X5-Y3) is the composition of J.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte Z carbon and the amount of the catalyst carried among the components of the blocks constituting the Z2 region and the Z3 region of the positive electrode layer 13 can be adjusted from the supply side 18a of the hydrogen gas flow path 18 from the supply side 18a. It was included in the positive electrode layer 13 so as to gradually decrease toward the discharge side 18 b. Therefore, a block that requires a large amount of electrolyte carbon and a large amount of supported catalyst can include a large amount of these components, and a block that requires only a small amount can include a small amount of these components.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin in the components of the blocks constituting the Z2 region and the Z3 region of the positive electrode layer 13 are determined by the hydrogen gas flow passage 18.
- the positive electrode layer 13 was included so as to gradually increase from the supply side 18a to the discharge side 18b. Therefore, blocks that require large amounts of pore-forming materials, pore-forming volatile solvents and water-repellent resins contain large amounts of these components, while blocks that require only small amounts include these components. Can be included in a small amount.
- the electrolyte / carbon weight ratio and the amount of the supported catalyst are determined from the upper part 13a of the positive electrode layer 13 in the vertical direction.
- the positive electrode layer 13 was included so as to gradually decrease toward the lower part 13 b. Therefore, a large amount of these components can be contained in a block that requires a large amount of electrolyte carbon and a large amount of a supported catalyst, and a small amount of these components can be contained in a block that requires only a small amount.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin in the components constituting the Z2 region and the Z3 region of the positive electrode layer 13 are determined by the vertical length of the positive electrode layer 13. It gradually increases from the upper part 13a in the direction to the lower part 13b. Therefore, blocks that require large amounts of pore-forming material, pore-forming volatile solvent and water-repellent resin contain large amounts of these components, and blocks that require only small amounts contain small amounts of these components. Can be made.
- 7E, 7F and 7G show the arrangement of the composition of each block in the Y1, Y2 and Y3 regions. That is, each region is viewed from the top surface of FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 7E shows the Y 1 region, that is, the region above the positive electrode layer 13, which includes the blocks Y 1 (X 1 -Z 1) to Y 1 (X 5 -Z 1) near the electrolyte membrane 12. All five blocks were of composition A shown in Table 1.
- the block B was composed of three blocks, block Y 1 (X 1 — Z 2), block Y 1 (X 2 -Z 2), and block Y 1 (X 3-Z 2).
- Block Y 1 (X 4—Z 2), Block Y 1 (X 5—Z 2), Block Y 1 (X 1 -Z 3) and Flock Y 1 (X 2 -Z 3) This was a composition.
- Block Y 1 (X 5 — Z 3) was the composition of D.
- FIG. 7F shows the area of Y2.
- all five blocks from block Y2 (X1-Z1) to block Y2 (X5-Z1) are the compositions of A shown in Table 1.
- Block Y 2 (X 1 -Z 2) is the composition of E.
- Block Y 2 (X 2—Z 2), Block Y 2 (X 3-Z 2) and Block
- the composition of D was obtained with three blocks of Y 2 (X 4- ⁇ 2).
- Block Y 2 (X 5 -Z 2) is a composition of C.
- composition of G was obtained in two packs, block Y 2 (X 1 -Z 3) and block Y 2 (X 2 -Z 3).
- the block of block Y 2 (X 5 -Z 3) was a composition of E.
- FIG. 7G shows a region of Y 3, that is, a region below the positive electrode layer 13.
- Y3 In the area of Y3, all five blocks from the block Y3 (X1-Z1) to the block Y3 (X5-Z1) closer to the electrolyte membrane 12 have the composition of A shown in Table 1. It was a thing.
- composition of E was obtained in two blocks, block Y 3 (X 1 -Z 2) and block Y 3 (X 2 -Z 2).
- Block Y 3 (X 3—Z 2), Block Y 3 (X 4-Z 2) and Block
- composition of F was formed by three blocks of Y 3 (X 5 -Z 2).
- composition of H was obtained in two blocks, block Y 3 (X 1 -Z 3) and block Y 1 (X 2 -Z 3).
- Block Y 3 (X 5-Z 3) was a composition of J.
- the electrolyte carbon weight ratio and the amount of supported catalyst are positively reduced so as to gradually decrease from the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15. It was included in the electrode layer 13. Therefore, a large amount of these components can be contained in a block that requires a large amount of electrolyte carbon and a large amount of a supported catalyst, and a small amount of these components can be contained in a block that requires only a small amount.
- each block constituting the Y1 region to the Y3 region the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin are adjusted from the electrolyte membrane 12 to the positive electrode diffusion layer 15.
- the positive electrode layer 13 was included so as to increase gradually. Therefore, these components are used in blocks that require a large amount of pore-forming material, pore-forming action, volatile solvent and water-repellent resin. Blocks that contain large amounts and require only small amounts can have small amounts of these components.
- FIG. 8 shows the fuel cell 10 of the first embodiment in which the positive electrode layer 13 is laminated on the electrolyte membrane 12 and the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 is laminated on the positive electrode layer 13.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the twisted-charge battery 10 shown in FIG. 8 as viewed from the direction of arrow 9 and shows the reaction state of oxygen and hydrogen ions.
- oxygen (0 2 ) enters the positive electrode layer 13 via the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 as shown by the arrow (3), and the oxygen (0 2 ) enters the positive electrode layer 13 From the electrolyte membrane 12
- hydrogen ions (H +) generated by the reaction in the negative electrode layer 14 pass through the electrolyte membrane 12 and enter the positive electrode layer 13 as shown by the arrow (4). Therefore, hydrogen ions (H +) react with oxygen (0 2 ) to produce water.
- the reaction between the hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O 2 ) proceeds in the positive electrode layer 13, particularly on the surface 34 (the area shown by the broken line hatching) in contact with the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte Z-carbon was increased to include a large amount of the supported catalyst and to uniformly include the catalyst. Therefore, the electrode reaction can be sufficiently promoted on the surface 34 in contact with the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the electrolyte membrane 12 can be maintained in a suitable wet state, and the reaction between hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O 2 ) can be further promoted.
- the reaction between hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O 2 ) is caused by the positive electrode spreading near the electrolyte membrane 12. Dispersion 15 Gradually suppressed in 5 directions. Accordingly, the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the amount of the supported catalyst are adjusted according to the reaction state of the hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O 2 ), as shown by the first arrow 25, as shown by the first arrow 25. , And gradually decreased toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15. Therefore, the amount of electrolyte, carbon, and catalyst carried can be reduced without adversely affecting the reaction between hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O 2 ).
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent, and the amount of the water-repellent resin contained in the positive electrode layer 13 are determined according to the drainage property, as shown by the fourth arrow 30.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin can be reduced as a whole without adversely affecting the drainage of the generated water.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell 10 shown in FIG. 8 as viewed from the direction of the arrow 10 and shows the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen ions and the state of drainage of generated water.
- the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 is located at the upper part 13a of the positive electrode layer 13, and the discharge side 18b is located at the lower part 13b. Therefore, the amount of oxygen (0 2 ) entering the positive electrode layer 13 through the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 into the positive electrode layer 13 as shown by the arrow (3) is determined from the vertical upper portion 13 a of the positive electrode layer 13 to the lower portion 1. 3 Decreases gradually in the b direction. As a result, the reaction between hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O z) is gradually suppressed from the upper part 13 a in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13 to the lower part 13 b.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the amount of the supported catalyst are changed according to the reaction state of the hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O), as shown by the second arrow 26. gradually decreased from the vertical direction of the upper 1 3 a towards the bottom 1 3 b direction.
- the water generated in the positive electrode layer 13 flows out to the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 as shown by an arrow (8), and the other generated water descends in the positive electrode layer 15 by its own weight as shown by an arrow (9). .
- the generated water is efficiently converted to the cathode diffusion layer 15 In order to allow the water to escape, it is necessary to gradually increase the drainage of the positive electrode layer 13 from the upper part 13a to the lower part 13b.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent, and the amount of the water-repellent resin contained in the positive electrode layer 13 are adjusted from the upper part 13a to the lower part as shown by the fifth arrow 31 in accordance with the drainage property. It was gradually increased in the 13b direction. Therefore, the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin can be reduced as a whole without adversely affecting the drainage of the generated water.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are schematic diagrams viewed from the arrow 11 in FIG. 8, and FIG. 11A shows the weight ratio of the electrolyte nocarbon and the amount of the supported catalyst, and FIG. The amounts of the pore-forming material, the pore-forming volatile solvent and the water-repellent resin are shown.
- the oxygen gas flows from the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 toward the discharge side 18b.
- the oxygen gas flowing in the oxygen gas flow path 18 tends to stay at the bent portion 18d, and tends to gradually decrease toward the discharge side 18b of the oxygen gas flow path 18. Therefore, the amount of oxygen (0 2 ) entering the positive electrode layer 13 (see FIG. 10) through the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 varies from the supply side 18 a to the discharge side 18 of the oxygen gas flow path 18. It gradually decreases toward b.
- reaction of the hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (0 2), Ru suppressed progressively toward the discharge side 1 8 b from the feed side 1 8 a of the oxygen gas passage 1 8.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the amount of the supported catalyst are adjusted according to the reaction state of the hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O 2 ), as shown by the third arrow 27.
- the flow 18 was gradually reduced from the supply side 18a to the discharge side 18b. Therefore, the amount of electrolyte, carbon, and catalyst carried can be reduced as a whole without adversely affecting the reaction between hydrogen ions (H +) and oxygen (O 2 ).
- the oxygen gas in the oxygen gas, the oxygen gas easily stays at the bent portion 18 d of the oxygen gas flow path 18, and the flow rate of the oxygen gas decreases at the discharge side 18 b of the oxygen gas flow path 18.
- Produced water easily accumulates on the discharge side 18 b of the gas flow path 18. For this reason, the drainage performance of the generated water is increased on the discharge side 18 b of the oxygen gas flow path 18, and the generated water is efficiently discharged. Need to water.
- the amount of the pore-forming material and the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the water-repellent resin contained in the positive electrode layer 13 are changed by the amount of oxygen as shown by the sixth arrow 32.
- the gas flow path 18 was gradually increased from the supply side 18a to the discharge side 18b. Accordingly, the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent, and the amount of the water-repellent resin can be reduced as a whole without adversely affecting the drainage of the generated water.
- the components requiring a large amount of the electrolyte / carbon weight ratio and a large amount of the catalyst 38 have a large amount of these components.
- the power generation efficiency at each part can be increased by including it in the amount.
- a portion requiring a large amount of the pore-forming material and the large amount of the water-repellent resin contains a large amount of these components to enhance the drainage at each part of the positive electrode layer.
- FIG. 12A shows the state of carbon and the catalyst supported on carbon on the surface 34 (see also FIG. 3) of the positive electrode layer 13 that contacts the electrolyte membrane.
- a sufficient catalytic reaction is required on the surface 34 contacting with the electrolyte membrane, that is, on the positive electrode layer near the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the catalyst 38 is supported on the surface of the large diameter carbon 36 in a dense state
- the amount of the layered L material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin on the surface 34 in contact with the electrolyte membrane are adjusted in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- Fig. 12B shows a state in which the weight ratio of electrolyte / carbon and the supported amount of catalyst 38 are gradually reduced in the positive electrode layer 13 from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15. Is shown. Specifically, in the positive electrode layer 13, the weight ratio of electrolyte / carbon and the catalyst 38 supported on the surface of the large-diameter carbon 36 are shifted toward the electrolyte membrane 12 as shown by the first arrow 25. From the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin in the direction from the electrolyte membrane 12 of the positive electrode layer 13 to the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 are adjusted in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12C shows a state in which the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the amount of the supported catalyst 38 are gradually reduced from the upper part 13 a to the lower part 13 b in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13. .
- the amount of the catalyst 38 supported on the surface of the large-diameter carbon 36 gradually decreases from the upper part 13 a in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13 toward the lower part 13 b. 3 included. Therefore, in the positive electrode layer 13, the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the supported amount of the catalyst 38 are changed from the upper part 13 a to the lower part 13 b in the vertical direction as shown by the second arrow 26. Decrease gradually.
- the amount of the pore-forming agent, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent, and the amount of the water-repellent resin from the upper portion 13a to the lower portion 13b in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13 are adjusted in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 shows a coating apparatus for coating a positive electrode layer of a fuel cell.
- the coating device 50 includes a holding member 51, an electrode slurry coating machine 52, an electrolyte coating machine 57, and a pore-forming material coating machine 58, which are held in this order from the tip 51 a of the holding member 51.
- a water-repellent resin coating machine 59 is provided.
- the electrode slurry applicator 52 includes a first electrode slurry applicator 53, a second electrode slurry applicator 54, and a third electrode slurry applicator 55.
- the first electrode slurry applicator 53 stores the first electrode slurry containing a large amount of catalyst in the tank 61. By driving the piezo pump 62 in the tank 61, the slurry for the first electrode is dropped from the nozzle 63 in the direction of the arrow.
- the second electrode slurry coater 54 stores the second electrode slurry containing a medium amount of the catalyst in the tank 65. By driving the piezo pump 66 in the tank 65, the slurry for the second electrode is dropped from the nozzle 67 in the direction of the arrow.
- the third electrode slurry coater 55 stores a third electrode slurry containing a small amount of catalyst in a tank 68. By driving the piezo pump 69 in the tank 68, the slurry for the third electrode is dropped from the nozzle 71 in the direction of the arrow.
- the electrolyte coating machine 57 stores the electrolyte slurry in the tank 72. By driving the piezo pump 73 in the tank 72, the electrolyte slurry is dropped from the nozzle 74 in the direction of the arrow.
- the pore former coating machine 58 stores a pore former slurry in a tank 76. By driving the piezo pump 77 in the tank 76, the pore forming material slurry is dropped from the nozzle 78 in the direction of the arrow.
- the water-repellent resin coating machine 59 stores a water-repellent resin slurry in a tank 81. By driving the piezo pump 82 in the tank 81, the water-repellent resin slurry is dropped from the nozzle 83 in the direction of the arrow.
- the piezo pumps 62, 66, 69, 73, 77, 8 are provided to the coating machines 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, respectively.
- the piezo pumps 62, 66, 69, 73, 77, and 82 are pumps using a piezo element as a pump driving source.
- the coating device 50 By continuously moving the holding member 51 with the moving means provided in the coating device 50, the coating device 50 can be moved along the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 to perform continuous coating.
- FIGS. 14 to 14D show steps in manufacturing the fuel cell according to the present invention.
- the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 is disposed, the coating device 50 is disposed on the positive electrode diffusion layer 15, and the coating device 50 is moved from the standby position P as indicated by an arrow A.
- the piezo pump 69 of the third electrode slurry applicator 55 is driven along with the movement of the applicator 50, and the third electrode slurry in the tank 68 is dropped from the nozzle 71 as shown by an arrow.
- a large-diameter carbon 36 carrying the catalyst 38 in a rough state on the surface is applied on the positive electrode diffusion layer 15.
- the piezo pump 77 of the pore-forming material application section 58 is driven, and a large amount of pore-forming slurry in the tank 76 is dropped from the nozzle 78 as shown by the arrow. Further, the piezo pump 82 of the water-repellent resin applicator 59 is driven to drop a large amount of the water-repellent resin slurry in the tank 81 from the nozzle 83 as shown by the arrow.
- the coating device 50 is temporarily returned to the standby position P.
- the coating device 50 is moved from the standby position P as indicated by an arrow B.
- the piezo pump 66 of the second electrode slurry coating machine 54 is driven to drive the second electrode slurry in the tank 65 from the nozzle 67 into a medium amount as shown by the arrow, Drops more than one electrode slurry.
- a large amount of the large-diameter carbon 36 carrying the catalyst 38 on the surface in a medium-density state and a medium amount on the large-diameter carbon 36 carrying the catalyst 38 on the surface in a coarse state that is, Apply more slurry than the first electrode slurry.
- the piezo pump 73 of the electrolyte coating machine 57 is driven to drop the electrolyte slurry in the tank 72 from the nozzle 74 as shown by the arrow.
- the piezo pump 77 of the pore-forming material applicator 58 is driven, and the pore-forming material slurry in the tank 76 is flown from the nozzle 78 as indicated by an arrow to a smaller amount than the first time pore-forming slurry. Drip.
- the piezo pump 82 of the water-repellent resin coating machine 59 is driven to pump the water-repellent resin slurry in the tank 81 from the nozzle 83 as shown by the arrow in the first repelling described in FIG. 14A. Drops less than the amount of aqueous resin slurry.
- the catalyst 38 is formed on the large-diameter carbon 36 on which the catalyst 38 is supported in a rough state, together with the large-diameter carbon 36 on which the catalyst 38 is supported on a medium-density state. Apply a small amount of pore material and water repellent resin.
- the coating device 50 is returned to the standby position.
- the coating device 50 is moved from the standby position P as indicated by an arrow C.
- the piezo pump 62 of the first electrode slurry coating machine 53 is driven to drive the first electrode slurry in the tank 61 from the nozzle 63 in a large amount as shown by an arrow, Drops more than the amount of slurry for two electrodes.
- the large-diameter carbon 36 carrying the catalyst 38 on the surface in a dense state is placed on the large-diameter carbon 36 carrying the catalyst 38 on the surface in a medium-density state. Apply more than the amount of electrode slurry.
- the piezo pump 73 of the electrolyte coating machine 57 is driven to drop the electrolyte slurry in the tank 72 from the nozzle 74 in a larger amount than the first electrolyte slurry as shown by the arrow.
- the positive electrode layer 13 has a weight ratio of the electrolyte Z-carbon and a catalyst 38 carried from the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the cathode diffusion layer 15 from the electrolyte membrane 12. The amount can be included in a gradually reduced state.
- the positive electrode layer 13 can contain the pore-forming material and the water-repellent resin in such a manner that the amount thereof gradually increases from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15.
- a paste for an electrolyte membrane (ion exchange membrane) 12 is applied on the upper surface 84 of a large-diameter carbon 36 carrying a catalyst 38 in a dense state, and the electrolyte membrane 12 is formed.
- the blade 91 of the coater 90 is arranged in parallel with the upper surface 84 at a predetermined distance above the upper surface 84 of the carbon 36. While moving the blade 91 along the upper surface 84 as shown by the arrow D, the paste of the electrolyte membrane 12 is leveled by the blade 91 to a certain thickness to form the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon in the positive electrode layer 13 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 from the side closer to the electrolyte membrane 12 of the positive electrode layer 13 is shown.
- the amount of the catalyst 38 gradually decreased, and the amount of the pore-forming material and the amount of the water-repellent resin in the positive electrode layer 13 were gradually increased.
- masking was used.
- the positive electrode layer 13 can be applied with different components for each of a plurality of blocks (for example, 45 blocks).
- the slurry can be attached in a granular manner without being dispersed from the nozzle. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7G, when the positive electrode layer 13 is divided into a plurality of blocks, the positive electrode layer 13 is provided with a coating portion corresponding to these blocks, so that the positive electrode layer 13 can be used without using masking.
- the components can be arbitrarily determined for each block of the electrode layer 13.
- a tank is provided for each component individually, and the coating is performed by the piezo pumps 62, 66, 69, 73, 77, and 82. It is possible to change the component change in a plurality of blocks constituting the continuously, not stepwise.
- the weight of the electrolyte / carbon among the components of the positive electrode layer 13 is increased as shown in FIG.
- the amount ratio and the amount of catalyst supported on carbon can be gradually reduced from the vicinity of the electrolyte membrane 12 toward the positive electrode diffusion layer 15 as indicated by the first arrow 25.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte Z-carbon and the amount of the catalyst carried are gradually reduced from the upper part 13 a in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13 to the lower part 13 b as shown by a second arrow 26. Becomes possible.
- the weight ratio of the electrolyte carbon and the amount of the catalyst carried are gradually reduced from the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 to the discharge side 18b as shown by a third arrow 27. It becomes possible.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the artificial L-acting volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin are changed from the upper portion 13 a in the vertical direction of the positive electrode layer 13 to the lower portion 13 b as shown by a fifth arrow 31. It is possible to increase gradually.
- the amount of the pore-forming material, the amount of the pore-forming volatile solvent and the amount of the water-repellent resin are changed from the supply side 18a of the oxygen gas flow path 18 to the discharge side 18b as indicated by a sixth arrow 32. Can be gradually increased.
- the piezo pumps 62, 66, 69, 73, 77, and 82 were used as the coating device 50.
- a normal ink jet was used as the coating device 50. It is also possible to adopt. Since the application range of the ink jet can be narrowed, the slurry can be preferably applied to a plurality of blocks constituting the positive electrode layer 13.
- each of the slurry coating machines 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59 of the coating apparatus 50 is provided with a spray nozzle 63, 67, 71, 74,
- the example in which each of the nozzles 78 and 83 are provided separately and each slurry is individually dropped from each nozzle has been described.
- each of the nozzles 6 3, 6 7, 7 1, 7 4 for jetting is used.
- 78, and 83 are communicated with each other, and after the respective slurries are mixed in the connected nozzles, the mixed slurry can be dropped.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602004023588T DE602004023588D1 (de) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-02 | Brennstoffzelle |
CA2513431A CA2513431C (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-02 | Fuel cell with increased generation efficiency |
EP04716326A EP1603178B1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-02 | Fuel cell |
US10/544,978 US7482089B2 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-02 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-063173 | 2003-03-10 | ||
JP2003063173A JP4064265B2 (ja) | 2003-03-10 | 2003-03-10 | 燃料電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004082048A1 true WO2004082048A1 (ja) | 2004-09-23 |
Family
ID=32984422
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/002562 WO2004082048A1 (ja) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-02 | 燃料電池 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7482089B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1603178B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4064265B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101015934B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100386909C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2513431C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602004023588D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004082048A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006107752A (ja) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の膜電極接合体 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050095494A1 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2005-05-05 | Fuss Robert L. | Variable catalyst loading based on flow field geometry |
JP2006173028A (ja) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池の触媒層 |
JP4910305B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-12 | 2012-04-04 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒層およびそれを備えた固体高分子形燃料電池。 |
JP5132316B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2013-01-30 | Jsr株式会社 | 電極触媒層 |
JP5034252B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-07 | 2012-09-26 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極触媒層およびその製造方法 |
JP2009026539A (ja) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-02-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池用膜電極接合体 |
JP5188872B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-09 | 2013-04-24 | パナソニック株式会社 | 直接酸化型燃料電池 |
US20110159403A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-06-30 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Layered Catalyst Assembly and Electrode Assembly Employing the Same |
JP2012186105A (ja) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-27 | Nippon Soken Inc | 燃料電池 |
FR3019383B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-04-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Pile a combustible a fonctionnement optimise |
US10756354B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-08-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Membrane catalyst layer assembly production method and membrane catalyst layer assembly production device |
CN111628198B (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-08-24 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 燃料电池膜电极 |
CN111463442A (zh) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-28 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | 催化剂层、燃料电池膜电极及其制备方法 |
CN116722152A (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-09-08 | 华氢新能源(无锡)有限公司 | 一种用于燃料电池的非均一膜电极组件及燃料电池 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05315000A (ja) * | 1991-12-31 | 1993-11-26 | Stonehard Assoc Inc | 高分子固体電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH09283153A (ja) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-31 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JP2002117862A (ja) * | 2000-10-11 | 2002-04-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用セル及びその製造方法 |
JP2002319411A (ja) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-31 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ガス拡散電極およびこれを用いた燃料電池 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3423247A (en) * | 1963-06-07 | 1969-01-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Porous conductive electrode having at least two zones |
US4804592A (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-02-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Composite electrode for use in electrochemical cells |
GB9324101D0 (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1994-01-12 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Improved manufacture of electrodes |
JP3555196B2 (ja) | 1994-09-19 | 2004-08-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池とその製造方法 |
US20020127452A1 (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 2002-09-12 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell with an electrode having an in-plane nonuniform structure |
DE19751297A1 (de) * | 1997-11-19 | 1999-05-20 | Siemens Ag | Gasdiffusionselektrode und deren Herstellung |
KR100426096B1 (ko) * | 1999-10-14 | 2004-04-06 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | 고분자 전해질형 연료전지 |
JP4923319B2 (ja) | 2000-07-25 | 2012-04-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
US7201993B2 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2007-04-10 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
JP4372370B2 (ja) | 2001-04-02 | 2009-11-25 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 燃料電池 |
US6756150B2 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2004-06-29 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell having a non-electrolytic layer |
-
2003
- 2003-03-10 JP JP2003063173A patent/JP4064265B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-02 CN CNB2004800063058A patent/CN100386909C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-02 CA CA2513431A patent/CA2513431C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-02 DE DE602004023588T patent/DE602004023588D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-02 KR KR1020057016783A patent/KR101015934B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-02 EP EP04716326A patent/EP1603178B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-02 WO PCT/JP2004/002562 patent/WO2004082048A1/ja active Search and Examination
- 2004-03-02 US US10/544,978 patent/US7482089B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05315000A (ja) * | 1991-12-31 | 1993-11-26 | Stonehard Assoc Inc | 高分子固体電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH09283153A (ja) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-31 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
JP2002117862A (ja) * | 2000-10-11 | 2002-04-19 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用セル及びその製造方法 |
JP2002319411A (ja) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-31 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ガス拡散電極およびこれを用いた燃料電池 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1603178A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006107752A (ja) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池の膜電極接合体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2513431A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
EP1603178A4 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
US20060141337A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
JP2004273297A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
EP1603178B1 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
CN100386909C (zh) | 2008-05-07 |
US7482089B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
JP4064265B2 (ja) | 2008-03-19 |
KR20050107785A (ko) | 2005-11-15 |
DE602004023588D1 (de) | 2009-11-26 |
EP1603178A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
CA2513431C (en) | 2012-06-12 |
CN1778004A (zh) | 2006-05-24 |
KR101015934B1 (ko) | 2011-02-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2004082048A1 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
EP3580802A1 (en) | Flow-by electrode unit and use thereof, redox flow battery system and use thereof, method of manufacturing a flow-by electrode unit, method of operating a redox flow battery system | |
CN106104877A (zh) | 气体扩散电极及其制造方法 | |
WO2005109556A1 (en) | Fuel cell and separator thereof | |
CN106104884A (zh) | 用于燃料电池的催化剂层及其制备方法 | |
CN101682033B (zh) | 用于燃料电池的电极催化剂层及其制造方法 | |
JP2007242306A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP2007179870A (ja) | ガス拡散電極、膜−電極接合体、固体高分子型燃料電池およびそれらの製造方法 | |
JP2008198567A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP4599873B2 (ja) | ガス拡散層およびそれを用いた燃料電池 | |
WO2015144912A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur lebensdauerverlängerung von ht-pem brennstoffzellen | |
JP5332863B2 (ja) | ガス拡散電極の製造方法 | |
JP5339261B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP6973209B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用ガス拡散層の製造方法 | |
JP2002319411A (ja) | ガス拡散電極およびこれを用いた燃料電池 | |
US20090263701A1 (en) | Method of producing separator material for polymer electrolyte fuel cell | |
EP0262961A1 (en) | Fuel cell with electrolyte matrix assembly | |
JP2005276508A (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP2013114818A (ja) | 燃料電池用拡散電極の製造方法 | |
JP5036384B2 (ja) | 燃料電池 | |
JP2009517807A (ja) | 直接酸化燃料電池を動作させる方法および対応する装置 | |
JP4839589B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用電解質層および燃料電池用電解質層を備える膜電極接合体 | |
WO2006104246A1 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5278056B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法 | |
JP2006210357A (ja) | 液体燃料直接供給型燃料電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2513431 Country of ref document: CA |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006141337 Country of ref document: US Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10544978 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004716326 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020057016783 Country of ref document: KR Ref document number: 20048063058 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020057016783 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004716326 Country of ref document: EP |
|
DPEN | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10544978 Country of ref document: US |