WO2004080896A1 - Doubles hydroxydes en couche a borate intercalaire, leur procede de preparation et d'utilisation comme agent ignifuge - Google Patents

Doubles hydroxydes en couche a borate intercalaire, leur procede de preparation et d'utilisation comme agent ignifuge Download PDF

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WO2004080896A1
WO2004080896A1 PCT/CN2003/000619 CN0300619W WO2004080896A1 WO 2004080896 A1 WO2004080896 A1 WO 2004080896A1 CN 0300619 W CN0300619 W CN 0300619W WO 2004080896 A1 WO2004080896 A1 WO 2004080896A1
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borate
hydrotalcite
intercalated
ldhs
layered double
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Xue Duan
Dianqing Li
Ling Shi
Sufeng Li
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/02Inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a borate intercalated hydrotalcite, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Hydrotalcite (Layered Double Hydroxides, abbreviated as LDHs) has the property of intercalable layer assembly. Using this property, some functional species can be inserted between the layers of hydrotalcite to prepare supramolecular intercalation structure materials with special functions.
  • the present inventor studied an ultra-fine, high smoke suppressing inorganic flame retardant and a preparation method thereof.
  • the structure of the flame retardant is [Mg ⁇ A x (OH) 2 ] (C0 3 ) 2 - x / 2 m3 ⁇ 40, which is a layered structure, laminates hydroxides of Mg 2+ and Al 3+, the flame retardant is thermally decomposed during the release of C0 2 and 0 off endothermic cooling, dilution, isolated
  • the flammable gas method plays a flame retardant role in the polymer substrate.
  • the product after decomposition is an alkaline porous substance, which is larger than the surface and can adsorb harmful gases, especially acid gases. Therefore, it has good flame retardancy, but Smoke suppression performance is relatively poor.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to make use of the intercalability of LDHs to insert borate into the interlayer of LDHs to prepare borate intercalated hydrotalcite.
  • the intercalated hydrotalcite's smoke suppression performance is greatly improved.
  • the borate ion partially or completely replaces co 3 2 between the hydrotalcite layers.
  • the interlayer anion generated is borate and C0 3 2 -intercalated hydrotalcite, where 'borate accounts for 40-100wt% of the total anion, borate can be triborate or tetraborate alone or mixed The form exists between the layers of hydrotalcite.
  • the hydrotalcite was compounded with PE, PVC, EVA, PP and various rubber materials, and the flame retardancy and smoke suppression tests were carried out.
  • the flame retardancy was equivalent to that of LDHs flame retardants in patent application 02100800.
  • the performance is greatly improved over LDHs. That is, the borate intercalated hydrotalcite is a high smoke suppression flame retardant.
  • Table 1 shows the flame retardance and smoke suppression performance of different flame retardant and PE / EVA composites. Test results, where the mass ratio of PE to EVA was 90:10.
  • Step A Dissolve 61.5 g (0.24 mol) of solid Mg (N0 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 0 and 45.0 g (0.12 mol) of solid A1 (N0 3 ) 3 9H 2 0 in 225 ml of 3 ⁇ 4; another 25.3 g (0.24mol) of solid Na 2 C0 3 and 23.0g (0.58mol) of NaOH were dissolved in 225ral water.
  • the obtained Mg 2+ / Al 3+ 2: 1.
  • Step B l.Og LDHs was added to a solution containing 40 ml of deionized water, and magnetically stirred at room temperature for later use.
  • Step C Prepare an aqueous solution of H 3 B0 3 with a concentration of 1.5M and add it to the reactor with condensation and stirring. While stirring, add the solution obtained in step B dropwise. After the addition is complete, adjust the system with H 3 B0 3 aqueous solution.
  • 4.5, condensed and refluxed for 6 hours, filtered and washed to pH ⁇ 8, and dried at 100 ° C for 12 hours.
  • the hydrotalcite was compounded with PE / EVA at a ratio of 70 parts by weight of a flame retardant per 100 parts by weight of PE / EVA material, and the limiting oxygen index 24.3 and the maximum smoke density of the composite material were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the supramolecular structure boron-based semi-intercalated LDHs effectively exerted the synergistic effect of nano-LDHs and inorganic expanded flame retardants, while maintaining the good flame retardancy of nano-LDHs, and effectively improving the smoke suppression. Therefore, this flame retardant better overcomes the coexistence of LDHs and boron flame retardants.
  • Step A Obtain the dispersed LDHs precursors according to steps A and B in Example 1.
  • Step B Prepare an H 3 B0 3 aqueous solution with a saturated concentration of 1.6 and add it to the reactor with condensation and stirring. While stirring, add the solution obtained in step A dropwise. After the addition, use a saturated H 3 B0 3 aqueous solution. Adjust the pH of the system to 3.2, condense and reflux for about 2 hours, filter and wash to pH ⁇ 8, and dry at 70 ° C for 24 hours. The interlayer was assembled to obtain LDHs with complete intercalation structure of boric acid.
  • the hydrotalcite was compounded with PE / EVA at a ratio of 70 parts by weight of flame retardant per 100 parts by weight of PE / EVA material.
  • the limiting oxygen index of the composite material was 22.0 and the maximum smoke density was 67.2.
  • the results are shown in Table 1 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Description

一种硼酸根插层水滑石及其制备方法和将其用作阻燃剂 技术械
本发明涉及一种硼酸根插层水滑石及其制备方法和用途。 技术背景
水滑石 ( Layered Double Hydroxides,简写为 LDHs )具有可插层组装 的性能, 利用此性能可将一些功能性物种插入到水滑石层间, 制备具有特 殊功能的超分子插层结构材料。
杨幼明, 石西昌, 赵瑞荣, 华工冶金, 1995 , 16 ( 4 ): 358-361 , 用硼 酸锌作为协同阻燃体系中阻燃添加剂, 在阻燃过程中其主要表现为: ( 1 ) 硼酸锌吸热脱去结晶水, 同时结晶水吸热蒸发及稀释空气中的可燃成分和 氧气; (2 )硼酸锌受热熔化形成玻璃体覆盖层, 封闭燃物表面起隔离作用; ( 3 ) 改变某些可燃物的热分解途径, 抑制可燃性气体生成。 硼和许多硼 的氧化物对含碳氧化反应有抑制作用 , 是良好的阻燃剂。
本发明人在专利申请 02100800 中, 研究了一种超细高抑烟型无机阻 燃剂及其制备方法, 该阻燃剂的结构为 [Mg^^A x ( OH ) 2] (C03)2-x/2 m¾0, 其为层状结构,层板为 Mg2+和 Al3+的氢氧化物, 该阻燃剂是以热分 解过程脱 0及释放 C02吸热降温、 稀释、 隔离可燃性气体的方式在聚合 物基材中发挥阻燃作用的, 分解后的产物为碱性多孔性物质, 比表面大, 能吸附有害气体特别是酸性气体, 所以具有良好的阻燃性, 但抑烟性能相 对差一些。
Jenn-Tsuen LIN, Shi-Jane Tsai,and Soofm Cheng, Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 1999,46:779-787, 采用层间阴离子为硝酸根的水滑石作为 交换前体, 在碱性介质中, 把四硼酸根插层进入到层间, 制备一种催化剂。 但未提及把硼酸根插层水滑石应用于阻燃剂方面。 发明内容
本发明的目的是利用 LDHs的可插层性,将硼酸根插入到 LDHs层间, 制备硼酸根插层水滑石 , 该插层水滑石抑烟性能有大幅度提高。
本发明通过将层间阴离子为 C03 2 -的镁铝水滑石 ( Mg-Al-C03-LDHs ) 与硼酸的聚合阴离子反应, 使硼酸根离子部分或全部取代水滑石层间的 co3 2 -离子, 生成层间阴离子为硼酸根和 C03 2-的插层水滑石, 其中'硼酸根 占阴离子总量的 40-100wt%, 硼酸根可以是三硼酸才艮、 四硼酸才艮单独或混 合形式存在于水滑石层间。
该插层水滑石的制备步骤如下:
A. 用已知的水滑石制备方法制备 Mg-Al-C03-LDHs , 其结构式为: [Mg2+,.XA13+ X ( OH ) 2] (C03)2-x/2mH20, 其中 0.2<(X/1-X)<0.5, m-l-3X/2, M2+/M3+摩尔比 =1.0-4.5;
B. 将上述 Mg-Al-C03-LDHs按 20- 30g/l的量加入到盛有去离子水的容 器中, 室温下磁力搅拌, 配制成水滑石悬浮液备用;
C. 配制浓度为 1.2-1.8M的 H3B03 7j溶'; e入到带冷凝和搅拌的反应 器中, 以水滑石悬浮液与 H3B03水溶液的体积比为 1 : 15-20 的比例, 边 搅拌, 边滴加由步骤 B得到的悬浮液, 直到加完定量, 再用上述 803氷 溶液调节体系的 pH=4.5-3.0, 冷凝回流约 2-6h, 过滤、、 洗涤至 pH〈8, 在 60-100。C干燥 12-24h, 得到层间阴离子为硼酸根和 C03 2-的插层水滑石。 通 过控制反应体系的 PH值可控制硼酸根插入层间的量, 可分别得到了硼酸 根占层间阴离子总量的 40-100wt%的系列插层水滑石。
将该水滑石与 PE、 PVC、 EVA, PP和多种橡胶材料复合, 进行阻燃 性、 抑烟性测试发现, 其阻燃性能与专利申请 02100800 中 LDHs 阻燃剂 的相当, 但其抑烟性能比 LDHs有大幅度提高。 即该硼酸根插层水滑石是 一种高抑烟阻燃剂。
表 1 给出了不同的阻燃剂与 PE/EVA的复合材料的阻燃、 抑烟性能测 试结果, 其中 PE与 EVA的质量比为 90: 10。
表 1: 阻燃剂阻燃、 抑烟性能测试结果
Figure imgf000004_0001
注: 极限氧指数 * 按 GB/T2406-93测定;
最大烟密度 **按 ASTME662-95测定。
从表 1 中数据可以看出, 在相同添加量下, 以硼酸根插层 LDHs为阻 燃剂的复合材料, 其极限氧指数比空白样有较大提高, 与以 LDHs为阻燃 剂的复合料相当; 但以硼酸根插层 LDHs为阻燃剂的复合材料的最大烟密 度指数比以 LDHs 为阻燃剂的复合料有显著下降。 说明硼酸根插层 LDHs 阻燃剂的抑烟性能比 LDHs阻燃剂有大幅度提高。 具体实施方案
实施例 1
步驟 A: 将 61.5g(0.24mol)的固体 Mg(N03)2 · 6H20和 45.0g(0.12mol)的 固体 A1(N03)3 9H20溶于 225ml的 ¾0中;另将 25.3g(0.24mol)的固体 Na2C03 和 23.0g(0.58mol)NaOH溶于 225ral 的水中, 室温下ikit将碱溶液和盐溶液 于旋转液 应器中成核, 将得到的浆液 100°C晶化 6小时, 离心分离, 将 得到的样品洗涤至 pH〈8, 70°C干燥 24小时, 得到的 Mg2+/ Al3+=2: 1。
步骤 B: l.Og LDHs加入到盛有 40ml去离子水的溶液中, 室温下磁力 搅拌, 备用。
步骤 C: 配制浓度为 1.5M的 H3B03水溶液加入到带冷凝和搅拌的反 应器中, 一边搅拌, 一边滴加步骤 B得到的溶液, 加完为止, 再用 H3B03 水溶液调体系的 ρΗ=4·5,冷凝回流 6h, 过滤、 洗涤至 pH < 8, 在 100°C干 燥 12h, 插层组装得到硼酸插层结构 LDHs材料。 由 X射线衍射图可知, 制备得到的硼酸根插层结构 LDHs材料其特 征衍射峰向小 ^度移动, 在 2 Θ =10。 处出现层间距为 d。。3=0.88nm的特征 衍射, 但是步骤 A制备的样品 LDHs的 C03 2-特征峰仍有少量存在。 IR谱 图显示, 制备得到的硼酸插层结构 LDHs材料其 1370cm-1处 C03 2-峰消失, 代之分别在 1105cm-1处出现的谱带是由于 Y 4B04伸缩振动在 1021 cnr1处出 现了 B-OH平面内弯曲振动峰, 在 1380 cm-1处出现的谱带是 γ 3Β03的伸缩 振动及 co3 2-的振动峰, 说明该材料的层间阴离子为硼酸根和碳酸根。 又 经 ICP 测定其硼酸根含量约占阴离子含量的 50%, 称作 50%硼酸根插层 LDHs„
将该水滑石按每 100重量份 PE/EVA料加入 70重量份阻燃剂的比例与 PE/EVA进行复合, 测定该复合料的极限氧指数 24.3和最大烟密度 46.7, 结果见表 1。
实施例 2
超分子结构硼系半插层 LDHs有效地发挥了纳米 LDHs与无机膨系阻 燃剂的协同效应, 在保持纳米 LDHs较好的阻燃性能的同时, 有效地提高 了抑烟性。 所以这种阻燃剂较好的克服了 LDHs和硼系阻燃剂共存的缺陷。
步骤 A: 按实施例 1中步骤 A、 B方法得到分散好的 LDHs前体。
步骤 B: 配制饱和浓度 1.6的 H3B03水溶液加入到带冷凝和搅拌的反 应器中, 一边搅拌, 一边滴加步骤 A得到的溶液, 加完为止, 再用饱和浓 度的 H3B03水溶液调体系的 pH=3.2, 冷凝回流约 2h, 过滤、洗涤至 pH〈 8, 在 70°C干燥 24h, 插层组装得到硼酸完全插层结构 LDHs材料。
由 X射线衍射图可知, 制备得到的硼酸插层结构 LDHs材料其特征 4汙 射峰向小角度移动, 在 2 Θ =8.1。 处出现层间距为 dG()3=1.08nm (大于步骤 A 制备的样品 dQQ3=0.76nm) 的特征衍射峰; IR谱图显示, 制备得到的硼酸插 层结构 LDHs材料其 1370cm-1处 C03 2-峰消失, 代之分别在 1105cm-1处出 现的谱带是由于 Υ 4Β04伸缩振动在 1021cm-1处出现了 B-OH平面内弯曲振 动峰, 在 1380cm-1处出现的谱带是 γ 3B03的伸缩振动, 证明该 LDHs的层 间阴离子为全部是硼酸根的 Mg-Al型水滑石层柱材料。
将该水滑石按每 100重量份 PE/EVA料加入 70重量份阻燃剂的比例 与 PE/EVA进行复合, 测定该复合料的极限氧指数为 22.0和最大烟密度为 67.2, 结果见表 1。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种硼酸根插层水滑石, 其特征是在阴离子为 co3 2—的镁铝水滑 石层间, 硼酸根离子部分或全部取代了水滑石层间的 co3 2—离子, 构成硼酸 才艮占阴离子总量的 40- 100wt%的层柱结构水滑石。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的硼酸根插层水滑石, 其特征是硼酸根是以 三硼酸根、 四硼酸根形式单独或混合存在于水滑石层间。
3. 一种硼酸根插层水滑石的制备方法, 步骤如下:
A. 用已知的水滑石制备方法制备 Mg- A1- C03- LDHs , 其结构式为: [Mg2VxAl3+ x ( OH ) 2] (C03) 2x/2 m 0, 其中 0. 2< (X/1-ΧΧθ. 5 , m=l-3X/2 , M2+/M3+摩尔比 =1. 0—4. 5;
B. 将上述 Mg-Al- C03- LDHs 按 20- 30g/l 的量加入到盛有去离子水的 容器中, 室温下磁力搅拌, 配制成水滑石悬浮液备用;
C. 配制浓度为 1. 2-1. 8M的 H3B03水溶液加入到带冷凝和搅拌的反应 器中, 以水滑石悬浮液与 H3B0 »液的体积比为 1 : 15- 20的比例, 边搅 拌, 边滴加由步驟 B得到的悬浮液, 直到加完定量, 再用上述 H3B03水溶 液调节体系的 PH=4. 5-3. 0,冷凝回流约 2-6h,过滤、洗涤至 pH〈 8,在 60-100 Ό干燥 12-24h, 得到层间阴离子为硼酸根和 C03 的插层水滑石。
4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的硼酸根插层水滑石的制备方法, 其特征是 步骤 C中在用 H3B03水溶液调节体系的 PH值时, 通过控制体系的 PH值可 以控制硼酸根插入层间的量。
5. 一种如权利要求 1 所述的硼酸根插层水滑石的用途, 该水滑石可 作阻燃剂应用于多种高分子聚合材料。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的硼酸根插层水滑石的用途, 其作为阻燃剂 用时具有很好的抑烟性能和较好的阻燃性能。
PCT/CN2003/000619 2003-03-14 2003-08-01 Doubles hydroxydes en couche a borate intercalaire, leur procede de preparation et d'utilisation comme agent ignifuge Ceased WO2004080896A1 (fr)

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