WO2004080470A1 - 肥満予防・改善剤 - Google Patents
肥満予防・改善剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004080470A1 WO2004080470A1 PCT/JP2004/002948 JP2004002948W WO2004080470A1 WO 2004080470 A1 WO2004080470 A1 WO 2004080470A1 JP 2004002948 W JP2004002948 W JP 2004002948W WO 2004080470 A1 WO2004080470 A1 WO 2004080470A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- hydroxypropylated starch
- obesity
- hydroxypropylated
- blood
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
- A23L29/219—Chemically modified starch; Reaction or complexation products of starch with other chemicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/716—Glucans
- A61K31/718—Starch or degraded starch, e.g. amylose, amylopectin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
Definitions
- the present invention has a preventive and ameliorating effect on lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and
- the low-calorie or low-fat diet may have some temporary effect on weight loss, but is rejected by the person after a long period of time due to the monotonous flavor of the foods that make it up. And it is difficult to maintain this for a long time.
- conventional food materials such as water-insoluble dietary fiber, water-soluble dietary fiber, and digestion-resistant starch to exhibit the above-mentioned physiological effects, they must be taken in high doses for a long period of time. Also, even if such a physiological effect occurs, no suppression of obesity has been confirmed. ''
- the appearance, taste, texture, smoothness, etc. of the foods and drinks are often impaired, so they should be included in foods in a sufficient amount.
- there are problems that the application fields are limited and that it is difficult to keep such foods and drinks for a long time.
- Hydroxypropyl starch is known to have high transparency, excellent film-forming properties, low-temperature storage stability, and high freeze-thaw stability, and has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for food use in the United States. (Japanese Journal of Home Economics 1998 49 (9): 985-99 2).
- the present invention provides a prophylactic / ameliorating agent for obesity, a visceral fat accumulation inhibitor, a blood glucose elevation inhibitor, a blood triglyceride elevation inhibitor, and a diabetes prevention / ameliorator comprising a hydroxypropylated starch as an active ingredient. It is.
- the present invention provides a hydroxypropylated starch, an agent for preventing and improving obesity, an agent for suppressing visceral fat accumulation, an agent for suppressing an increase in blood glucose, an agent for suppressing an increase in blood triglyceride, and an agent for preventing diabetes. It provides use for the manufacture of disease prevention and amelioration agents.
- the present invention provides a method for preventing and improving obesity, a method for suppressing visceral fat accumulation, a method for suppressing an increase in blood glucose, a method for suppressing an increase in blood triglyceride, and a method for preventing diabetes, which comprise administering an effective amount of a hydroxypropylated starch. It provides an improvement method.
- the present invention has the effect of preventing and improving the onset of various lifestyle-related diseases, such as an obesity prevention / improvement agent, prevention / amelioration of hyperlipidemia, and has a high safety and a wide application range, and has a wide texture. It provides food, pharmaceuticals, pet food and other materials that do not impair the quality of food.
- the present inventors have properties different from those of conventional indigestible starch, cell mouth, and dietary fiber represented by indigestible dextrin, and have an effect of suppressing and improving the progression of obesity and diabetes.
- hydroxypropylated starch has various physiological actions such as obesity suppression with a small amount of intake and exerts effects of preventing and ameliorating lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
- the agent for preventing and improving obesity of the present invention includes various agents such as preventing and improving obesity, preventing and improving hyperlipidemia, preventing heart disease such as heart failure, preventing thrombosis, preventing colon and rectal cancer, and the like. It is effective as a food, drug, pet food, etc. because it can exert the effect of preventing and improving the development of lifestyle-related diseases.
- the hydroxypropylated starch which is an active ingredient, is excellent in safety to human body because it is made from starch, and is easily gelatinized. When blended, they rarely impair the natural texture.
- the hydroxypropylated starch used in the present invention can be obtained by subjecting a starch or a modified starch to hydroxypropylation by an ordinary method. Specifically Can be obtained by reacting propylene oxide with starch.
- National Physi-X derived from Pio evening power, National Starch and Chemical Company
- National 1658 corn derived, National Starch and Chemical Company
- Therm Flow derived from xyxy corn, National Starch and Chemical Company
- Therm Commercially available products such as TEX (derived from Pixi Corn, National Starch and Chemical Co., Ltd.) can also be used.
- Raw starches include, for example, waxy corn starch, corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, glutinous rice starch, potato starch, honeydew starch, evening pio starch, sago starch and the like. 0% by mass or more, preferably 75 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 90 to 100% by mass, the paste liquid has high transparency, and its appearance when applied to food and drink. It is more preferable that the range of application is not impaired. Among them, as raw material starches, preferred are monocorn starch and evening starch.
- the “hydroxypropylated starch” in the present invention also includes a hydroxypropylated starch obtained by combining other processing.
- processing that can be combined include esterification with acetic acid, octenylsuccinic acid, phosphoric acid, etc., etherification by carboxymethyl etherification other than hydroxypropylation, trimetaphosphate, hexamephosphate, Cross-linking using a conventional cross-linking agent such as phosphorus oxychloride, adipic acid, and epichlorohydrin, oxidation, acid treatment, bleaching, moist heat treatment, heat treatment, and enzyme treatment.
- One or more processes may be combined.
- an esterification treatment is preferred, and a phosphorylation treatment, particularly a phosphoric acid crosslinking treatment, is preferred.
- the degree of the phosphorylation treatment may be, for example, a bound phosphorus content of 0.001 to 2%, preferably 0.001 to 0.5%, more preferably 0.000%.
- the content of 0.1 to 0.2% is preferable in terms of texture and the like.
- the degree of hydroxypropylation is preferably such that the degree of substitution (the number of hydroxypropyl groups per residue of anhydrous glucose in starch) is 0.001-1, It is more preferably from 0.05 to 0.5, and even more preferably from 0.1 to 0.3.
- the above-mentioned hydroxypropylated starch can be produced from starch in a simple process with high purity and relatively low cost. It is also highly safe and does not feel uncomfortable when used in various foods and drinks, pharmaceuticals, pet foods, etc., as compared to conventional dietary fiber and resistant starch. In addition, it has the advantage of being free from deterioration due to thawing due to its excellent freezing resistance.
- the hydroxypropylated starch firstly has an obesity-suppressing effect of significantly reducing body weight and visceral fat content, and thus prevents hyperlipidemia caused by obesity. It can exert effects such as prevention of heart disease such as heart failure, prevention of thrombosis and prevention of high blood pressure.
- it has the effect of suppressing postprandial hyperlipidemia, ie, an increase in postprandial blood triglyceride concentration.
- it has the effect of suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia, that is, the effect of suppressing a rapid increase in blood glucose after a meal, and the effect of suppressing steady-state increase in blood glucose.
- the hydroxypropylated starch of the present invention can be used as an obesity preventive / ameliorating agent, a blood triglyceride rise inhibitor, a blood glucose rise inhibitor, a diabetes preventive / ameliorating agent (hereinafter referred to as an obesity preventive / ameliorating agent, etc.) It can be a source of food or medicine for humans or animals.
- the agent for preventing and improving obesity of the present invention can be administered alone to humans and animals by using one or more of hydroxypropylated starch, and can also be incorporated in various foods and drinks, pharmaceuticals, pet foods and the like.
- foods it can be applied to beauty foods, foods for the sick, and foods for specified health care that have the concept of physiological functions such as suppression of body fat accumulation and suppression of blood sugar rise.
- oral solid preparations such as tablets and granules
- oral liquid preparations such as oral liquids and syrups can be prepared.
- the hydroxypropylated starch of the present invention is used. After adding excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, coloring agents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, etc. to the tablets, tablets, coated tablets, granules, powders, capsules, etc. in the usual way Can be manufactured.
- a flavoring agent, a buffer, a stabilizer, a flavoring agent and the like can be added to produce an oral solution, a syrup, an elixir and the like in a usual manner.
- the amount of the hydroxypropylated starch to be incorporated into each of the above-mentioned preparations is usually 5 to 100% by mass, preferably 20 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 100% by mass.
- the dose (effective intake) of the obesity preventive / ameliorating agent of the present invention is preferably at least 0.01 g Zkg body weight per day, particularly preferably at least 0.1 lgZkg body weight, more preferably at least 0.4 g, kg body weight. Is preferred.
- Test Example 1 Obesity Inhibitory Effect of Hydroxypropylated Starch ⁇ Blood Sugar Elevation Inhibition Tapio power starch and hydroxycorn starch were obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company.
- the above starch was suspended in distilled water so as to have a concentration of 50% by mass, autoclaved (moisture heat treatment) at 120 ° C for 15 minutes, and then freeze-dried to prepare a gelatinized test starch.
- mice C57BL / 6J male, 6 weeks old were grouped into 10 mice and bred with various gelatinized starches using a diet prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 1. After breeding for 24 weeks, the mice were sacrificed after blood sampling, and their blood sugar levels and visceral fat weight were measured. After 10 weeks and 23 weeks Table 2 shows the mouse body weight and visceral fat weight after bred for 24 weeks. Table 1
- ⁇ , X indicate the presence or absence of chemical treatment applied to the modified starch.
- mice fed a diet containing 5% by mass of hydroxypropylated starch (Yu-Pokuri, derived from pixie corn) were compared to mice fed a diet containing the corresponding raw starch.
- hydroxypropylated starch Yama-Pokuri, derived from pixie corn
- mice fed a high fat diet containing 5% of evening pio power or 5% of corn starch showed higher steady-state blood glucose levels than mice fed a low fat diet.
- mice fed a high-fat diet containing 5% hydroxy pills or hydroxy corn starch or 5% of corn starch were mixed with the corresponding raw starch (from corn corn). Compared to the mice that took the feed, the blood glucose level was constantly lower, indicating that the effect of suppressing the increase in blood glucose level was observed.
- Pio power starch and waxy corn starch were obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company.
- examples of the hydroxypropylated starch include National Phryetix (derived from Yu Pio Power, National Starch and Chemical Co., Ltd.), Thermflow (derived from Nippon Corn, National Starch and Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the above-mentioned tapi talented starch or Nippon Pesticide
- the corn starch was hydroxypropylated by the method described in J Nutr 1998 128 (5): 848-54.
- commercially available phipoise derived from high amylose corn, Lot. 11785) was obtained from Nisseki Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the above starch was suspended in distilled water to a concentration of 50% by mass, autoclaved (moist heat treatment) at 120 ° C for 15 minutes, and then freeze-dried to prepare a gelatinized test starch. did.
- Indigestible dextrin was obtained from Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd., and cellulose was obtained from Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.
- mice C57BL / 6J male, 6 weeks old were treated with various gelatinized starch, indigestible dextrin, and cellulose for 13 weeks using a diet prepared with the formulation shown in Table 1. They were raised and weighed weekly. Table 3 shows the results. Table 3
- ⁇ , X indicate the presence or absence of chemical treatment applied to the modified starch.
- mice fed a diet containing 5% by mass of hydroxypropylated starch were compared to mice fed a diet containing the corresponding raw starch.
- the indigestible starch derived from high amylose corn
- the water-soluble dietary fiber, the indigestible dextrin, and the water-insoluble dietary fiber, cellulose have the effect of suppressing obesity. It can be seen that is not recognized.
- Test Example 3 Inhibitory Effect of Hydroxypropylated Starch on Postprandial Blood Tridaliselide Elevation of Pioric starch and corn starch was obtained from National Starch and Chemical Company.
- a hydroxypropylated starch National Friesietz Kus (from Yu Pio power, National Starch and Chemical Co., Ltd.) and Sirmflow (from Pixie Corn, National Starch and Chemical Co., Ltd.) were used.
- As a hardly degradable starch a commercially available product, Faiport (derived from high amylose corn, Lot. 11785) was obtained from Nisseki Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the above starch was suspended in distilled water so as to have a concentration of 5% by mass, and autoclaved (moist heat treatment) at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes to prepare a gelatinized test starch.
- a group consisting of 9 SD rats (male, 8 weeks old) consisting of 9 rats, each containing 0.15 g of gelatinized starch, 0.2 g of corn oil, 0.3 g of sodium taurocholate, and 0.052 g of bovine serum albumin 3 mL of emulsion was orally administered using a probe. After 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes, blood was collected from the face vein to prepare plasma. Triglyceride in plasma was measured using Triglyceride Test Co. (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Table 4 shows the results.
- Triglyceride content in rat plasma after administration of lipid emulsion Triglyceride content in rat plasma after administration of lipid emulsion
- the starch was suspended in distilled water so as to have a concentration of 5% by mass, autoclaved (moisture heat treatment) at 120 ° C. for 15 minutes, and allowed to cool to room temperature.
- the dietary fiber content after the starch treatment was measured according to the method of Akerberg AK et al. (J Nutr. 128: 651-660, 1998).
- mice C57BL / 6J male, 6 weeks old, 6 mice per group
- mice C57BL / 6J male, 6 weeks old, 6 mice per group
- Blood was collected from the tail vein, and blood glucose was measured using a simple blood glucose measurement system (AccuCheck Comfort, Roche Diagnostics Co., Ltd.).
- Table 5 shows the dietary fiber content of each test starch, the maximum blood glucose level 2 hours after oral administration, and the area under the blood glucose curve.
- mice administered orally with hydroxypropylated starch had significantly lower blood sugar elevations compared to the corresponding raw starch, and high amylose corn starch.
- hydroxypropylated starch tapio force, derived from pixie corn
- ⁇ , X indicate the presence or absence of chemical treatment applied to the modified starch.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2517435A CA2517435C (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-03-08 | Hydroxypropylated starch for the treatment or prevention of obesity or diabetes |
EP04718445A EP1602376A4 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-03-08 | MEANS FOR THE PREVENTION / TREATMENT OF ADIPOSITAS |
US10/547,776 US8071572B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-03-08 | Preventive/remedy for obesity |
AU2004218962A AU2004218962B2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-03-08 | Preventive/remedy for obesity |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003065382A JP5026657B2 (ja) | 2003-03-11 | 2003-03-11 | 肥満予防・改善剤 |
JP2003-065382 | 2003-03-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004080470A1 true WO2004080470A1 (ja) | 2004-09-23 |
Family
ID=32984493
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/002948 WO2004080470A1 (ja) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-03-08 | 肥満予防・改善剤 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8071572B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2308320B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5026657B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004218962B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2517435C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004080470A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006028122A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-16 | Kao Corporation | 肥満予防・改善剤 |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060025382A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-02 | Ian Brown | Use of a crosslinked or inhibited starch product |
US20060025381A1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-02 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Company | Use of a chemically modified starch product |
JP4791721B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-09 | 2011-10-12 | 花王株式会社 | 肥満予防・改善剤 |
US20090068281A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2009-03-12 | Koji Toyomura | Composition, Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Composition for Improvement in Obesity |
JP2006342085A (ja) * | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-21 | Kao Corp | Gip分泌抑制剤 |
JP4768390B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-18 | 2011-09-07 | 花王株式会社 | ペットフード |
DE602006020903D1 (de) * | 2005-10-18 | 2011-05-05 | Kao Corp | Haustierfutter |
JP5490350B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-04 | 2014-05-14 | 花王株式会社 | 持久力向上剤 |
JP2008259464A (ja) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-30 | Matsutani Chem Ind Ltd | 腹持ち持続剤及び飲食品 |
JP4941666B2 (ja) | 2007-10-19 | 2012-05-30 | 松谷化学工業株式会社 | 食物繊維強化剤及び食品 |
AU2010206713A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2011-09-01 | Tate And Lyle Ingredients Americas, Llc. | Hydroxypropylated starch as a processing aid to improve resistant starch total dietary fiber (TDF) retention in direct expansion extrusion applications |
JP5498073B2 (ja) | 2009-07-16 | 2014-05-21 | 花王株式会社 | 血中トリグリセリド濃度上昇抑制剤 |
JP2013514814A (ja) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-05-02 | エフ エム シー コーポレーション | 食品への適用のための水分散性組成物 |
WO2012096108A1 (ja) | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-19 | 花王株式会社 | 血中gip濃度上昇抑制剤、血中インスリン濃度上昇抑制剤、食後血中トリグリセリド濃度低減剤、及び血糖濃度上昇抑制剤 |
JP2011236239A (ja) * | 2011-07-27 | 2011-11-24 | Kao Corp | Gip分泌抑制剤 |
JP5936392B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-02 | 2016-06-22 | 松谷化学工業株式会社 | IgA産生促進剤 |
JP5555291B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-07-23 | 花王株式会社 | 持久力向上剤 |
US10143220B2 (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2018-12-04 | Corn Products Development, Inc. | Pet food having modified waxy cassava starch |
DE102016201498B4 (de) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-17 | Norbert Kuhl | Sauerstoffdichter lebensmittelbehälter |
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2003
- 2003-03-11 JP JP2003065382A patent/JP5026657B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-08 EP EP11152218A patent/EP2308320B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-08 US US10/547,776 patent/US8071572B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-08 WO PCT/JP2004/002948 patent/WO2004080470A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-03-08 EP EP04718445A patent/EP1602376A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-08 AU AU2004218962A patent/AU2004218962B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-08 CA CA2517435A patent/CA2517435C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006028122A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-16 | Kao Corporation | 肥満予防・改善剤 |
EP1788000A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2007-05-23 | Kao Corporation | Agent for preventing and ameliorating obesity |
EP1788000A4 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2011-06-29 | Kao Corp | MEANS FOR THE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF FATIBILITY |
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EP2308320A2 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
JP5026657B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
US8071572B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
EP2308320A3 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
AU2004218962A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
AU2004218962B2 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
EP1602376A4 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
CA2517435A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
JP2004269458A (ja) | 2004-09-30 |
EP2308320B1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
CA2517435C (en) | 2012-05-15 |
EP1602376A1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
US20060178343A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
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