WO2004076531A1 - 金属または金属クラスター含有フェニルアゾメチンデンドリマーとその製造方法 - Google Patents
金属または金属クラスター含有フェニルアゾメチンデンドリマーとその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004076531A1 WO2004076531A1 PCT/JP2004/002396 JP2004002396W WO2004076531A1 WO 2004076531 A1 WO2004076531 A1 WO 2004076531A1 JP 2004002396 W JP2004002396 W JP 2004002396W WO 2004076531 A1 WO2004076531 A1 WO 2004076531A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- dendrimer
- cluster
- phenylazomethine
- phenylazomethine dendrimer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical group N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012679 convergent method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012678 divergent method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000879 imine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 metal oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012769 display material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005421 electrostatic potential Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K gold trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Au](Cl)Cl RJHLTVSLYWWTEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroplatinum Chemical compound Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl FBEIPJNQGITEBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical group [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010938 white gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000832 white gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
- B01J31/1658—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins
- B01J31/1683—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins the linkage being to a soluble polymer, e.g. PEG or dendrimer, i.e. molecular weight enlarged complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/063—Polymers comprising a characteristic microstructure
- B01J31/064—Dendrimers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/18—Gold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention of this application relates to a phenylazomethine dendrimer containing a metal or metal oxide class. More specifically, the invention of this application relates to a phenyl azomethine dendrimer containing a uniform metal or metal ⁇ fl ⁇ compound cluster in a dendrimer, a simple production method thereof, and a method for producing a phenyl azomethine dendrimer.
- the present invention relates to a complex with a metal or a metal compound, a method for producing the same, and functional materials such as a luminescent material, a catalyst material, and an electrode material.
- metal oxide electrodes having a large surface area of the metal oxide electrode, a large amount of dye adsorbed on the electrode, and a large current can be obtained. Is an important issue.
- Class I is a class in which two or more atoms or compounds of the same or different kind are assembled to form a specific structural unit. These clusters are more active than the solid parc Large surface area, for example, by using a metal or metal compound cluster as a catalyst, multiple metal atoms cooperate in the reaction, and exhibit high catalytic activity and substrate selectivity different from conventional metal complex catalysts It is expected that. Further, based on the cluster in the quantum effect, because a change in Pando gap, etc. have emission characteristics and potential control function name Parc solid is expected to express s
- phenylazomethine dendrimers have many azomethine moieties that show high coordination to metal salts, and the number and position of metal salts in the dendrimer can be precisely controlled by electron gradient. Can be.
- Such phenylazomethine dendrimers have been studied in detail by the inventor of this application (Org. Lett. 2000, Vol. 2, No. 20, 3079-3082; J. Am. Che Soc, 2001, 123, 4414-4420; Nature, Vol. 415, No. 6871, 509-511, 2002). If such a dendrimer is regarded as a closed space to some extent, and if a cluster having a unique function can be included inside the dendrimer, it will be possible to express that function sharply.
- the invention of this application aims to solve these problems, and comprises a novel phenylazomethine dendrimer and a cluster that can overcome the limitations of the conventional class-one substances and their functions. Body and new complex substances Further, it is a specific object to provide these manufacturing methods and functional materials using the same. Disclosure of the invention
- This visitor provides the following invention as a solution to the above problem.
- R represents a phenyl group which may have one or more substituents, and m is an integer of 1 or more representing the number of dendrimer generations.
- Y has one or more bonds to X.
- X is a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic group, porphyrin group, or lid
- the phenylazomethine dendrimer represented by the formula (1) is mixed with one or more metal ions to form a complex, and after drying to dryness, is irradiated with light to perform photoreduction.
- a method for producing a zomethine dendrimer is described in detail below.
- a method for producing a phenylazomethine dendrimer containing a metal oxide class comprising subjecting the mixture to complexation, drying, and electrolytic oxidation.
- a luminescent material comprising a zomethine dendrimer.
- An electrode material comprising the metal or metal oxide cluster-containing phenylazomethine dendrimer of the first or second invention.
- a catalyst material comprising the metal or metal halide class-containing phenylazomethine dendrimer of the first or second invention.
- R D in the formula represents an organic molecular group
- M represents a metal or a metal compound to form a complex
- m represents an integer of 1 or more a number of generations of the dendrimer, 1-tend to said R e Shows the number of bonds at the mouth part.
- a metal or metal compound complex of phenylazomethine dendrimer which is represented by the following formula:
- the metal class of phenylazomethine dendrimer characterized by reducing the metal compound complex of the phenylazomethine dendrimer according to the invention of 11 above. A method for producing a complex.
- a method for producing a carbon material encapsulating a metal cluster comprising calcining the complex according to the invention of the above item 11 or 12.
- a carbon material containing a metal class which is obtained by the method of the invention of the above-mentioned thirteenth invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a TEM image of a graphite platinum cluster as a carbon material included in one metal cluster of the invention of the present application.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram exemplifying the results of the cyclic porttammetry measurement.
- a phenylazomethine dendrimer containing one metal cluster or one metal oxide compound cluster represented by the above formula (I) is provided.
- the notation "Mn @" indicates that a metal cluster composed of one or more metal atoms is included in the phenylazomethine dendrimer represented by X--Y. Shall be shown.
- Mn is not only one metal, but also a metal cluster composed of multiple metals. It may be.
- Mn may be a metal oxide class composed of n metal compounds
- oxides such as Ti, Zn, Sn, Cu, Zr, Hf, Ta, Fe, Cd, W, and Nb are exemplified.
- Mn. Is not limited to a single metal oxide, and may be a metal oxide class composed of a plurality of types of metal oxides.
- X may be any as long as the above Y can be introduced.
- X is at least one of a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an organic molecular group
- the organic molecular group is a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, for example, It may be a ring, a polycyclic aromatic group, or a heterocyclic group.
- a hydrocarbon group it has a function of binding to a dendron subunit (Y) to include a metal oxide cluster.
- a ring-shaped one is exemplified as a suitable one.
- cyclic hydrocarbon group examples include various groups such as benzene, naphthylene, and anthracene.
- the notation ( ⁇ ) indicates the position of the bond.
- Y represents a dendron subunit having a phenylazomethine structure represented by the formula (II) as described above.
- m represents the number of dendrimer generations and is an integer of 1 or more, and can be suitably selected from any of 1 to 9 as appropriate.
- Y is bonded at least one to X, and the number of Y is appropriately determined according to the number of Y that can be bonded to X. You can choose. For example, if X is benzene, Y can have up to 6 bonds, and if is a carbon atom, Y can have up to 4 bonds.
- Rs in the parentheses are all the same or different, and are phenyl groups which may have one or more substituents. Of course, these substituents may further have a substituent.
- R include a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group.
- the electron density inside the phenylazomethine dendrimer changes depending on the nature of R (electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties). By appropriately selecting R according to the purpose, phenyl containing metal clusters or metal oxide clusters can be obtained. It becomes possible to adjust the functional properties such as luminous efficiency and catalytic properties of the entire azomethine dendrimer.
- the invention of this application also provides a method for producing a metal cluster or metal oxide cluster-containing phenylazomethine dendrimer having the above-described structure.
- the phenylazomethine dendrimer represented by the above formula (III) is mixed with one or more kinds of metal ions to form a complex. After being dried by formation, etc., it is reduced by means such as light irradiation.
- the formula (III) represents a phenylazomethine dendrimer which does not include the metal cluster.
- the method for synthesizing such a phenylazomethine dendrimer is not particularly limited, and known methods such as the Divergent method for synthesizing from the center of the dendrimer to the outside and the Convergent method for synthesizing from the outside of the dendrimer to the center can be applied.
- each generation of dendron (Y) is synthesized, and each dendron (Y) and a core (X) compound having a reactive group are dehydrated and condensed in the presence of a catalyst. Den You can synthesize a drimer.
- phenylazomethine dendrimers have an electron gradient due to the electron density difference (basicity) of the next-generation imine site in a molecule, so that various metals have been used. It has been clarified that the addition causes a stepwise complexation with the intramolecular imine site.
- the metal ion mixed with the phenylazomethine dendrimer can form an imine group as a ligand and form a complex
- Those that form Among them Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, Zn, Cd, La, Sc, Y, rare earth element, Mo , W, Mn, and the like.
- Preferable examples include halides of these metals and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid salts, which are easily reduced by light.
- phenylazomethine dendrimers with these metals is due to Control the metal equivalent of the dendrimer of each generation with respect to imine in a solvent such as acetonitrile or acetonitrile.
- the metal salt may be added in an equimolar amount to the imine moiety to be complexed in the phenylazomethine dendrimer.) ).
- the solvent is concentrated to obtain a phenylazomethine dendrimer-metal complex thin film which is packed flat and has high strength.
- a thin film containing only phenylazomethine dendrimer is previously formed to dryness, and a solution containing a metal salt is brought into contact with the thin film to form a complex. An azomethine dendrimer is obtained.
- electrolytic reduction is also effective as a reduction method.
- Similar metal clusters are formed in a thin film by performing electrolytic reduction in an organic solvent using a carbon electrode modified with a complex thin film. can do.
- the invention of this application also provides a luminescent material and a catalyst material containing the phenylazomethine dendrimer containing metal cluster as described above.
- the luminous efficiency of such a luminescent material and the catalytic activity of the catalyst material vary depending on the type of the metal cluster and the structure of the phenylazomethine dendrimer. Therefore, luminescent materials and electron transfer amplification materials in ion sensors, solar cells, organic EL devices, etc., hole transport ⁇ or methane generation by reduction of carbon dioxide, water generation by reduction of oxygen molecules (fuel cell), nitrogen Ammonium from compounds It is useful as a catalyst for chemical reactions such as generation of catalysts.
- the metal ion mixed with the phenylazomethine dendrimer can form a complex with an ionic group as a ligand. and those which form clusters by ® reduction, among them the above T i, Z n, S n , C u 3 ⁇ 4 Z r, H f, T a 3 ⁇ 4 F e, C d, W, of metal such as n b ions And compounds.
- halogens such as titanium (T i) and zinc (Zn) which easily oxidize in the air, and trifluoromethanesulfonate are used.
- the complexation of phenylazomethine dendrimers with these metals can be achieved by controlling the metal equivalents of dendrimers of each generation to imines in solvents such as chloroform and acetonitrile.
- solvents such as chloroform and acetonitrile.
- methine dendrimer it may be added in an equimolar amount to the imine site to be complexed).
- the solvent is concentrated to obtain a dense and strong strong phenylazomethine dendrimer-metal thin film that is packed on a flat surface.
- this thin film When this thin film is heated in a furnace, it reacts with the moisture in the air and oxidizes, for example, the following reaction occurs, forming metal oxide clusters and forming metal oxide clusters in the phenylazomethine dendrimer.
- TiCl4 + 2H 2 0 ⁇ Ti0 2 + 4HCl forms a thin film of a dried solid of pre-phenylalanine ⁇ zone methine den de Lima one only, the thin film is contacted with a solution containing a metal salt, heating, even when the oxidation Similarly, phenylazomethine dendrimers containing metal oxide clusters are obtained.
- electrolytic oxidation is also effective as an oxidation method.
- Similar metal oxide clusters can be formed by performing electrolytic oxidation in an organic solvent using a carbon electrode with a complex film modified. It can be made inside.
- the metal oxide cluster-containing ferrite as described above is used.
- a photoelectrode and a photocatalyst containing a nilazomethine dendrimer are also provided.
- the energy conversion efficiency of such a photoelectrode and the catalytic activity of the photocatalyst vary depending on the type of the metal oxide cluster and the structure of the phenylazomethine dendrimer. Therefore, it can be applied as a photoelectrode for solar cells and photolysis of water, or as an environmental catalyst.
- the invention of this application provides a phenylazomethine dendrimer-metal complex characterized by being represented by the above formula (IV), and characterized in that this metal complex is reduced. Phenylazomethine dendrimer metal class provided overnight.
- the invention of this application provides a carbon material encapsulating a metal cluster, wherein the metal complex or the metal cluster of the phenylazomethine dendrimer as described above is fired. It also provides an oxygen reduction electrode catalyst and a gas reforming catalyst using this carbon material as an active component.
- carbon-containing class Yuichi materials have excellent electrical conductivity, so they are highly suitable as electrode catalysts. Since it shows activity and is included in carbon, it acts as an extremely stable catalyst even at high temperatures.
- a solution of phenylazomethine dendrimer and a metal compound may be mixed and dried. This is reduced using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, electrochemical reduction, photochemical reduction, etc., to form a metal cluster of phenylazomethine dendrimer.
- a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, electrochemical reduction, photochemical reduction, etc.
- the substance decomposes in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or a rare gas such as argon at a high temperature of 400 or more, or at a relatively low temperature, it is baked in the air to include the metal cluster. Is obtained.
- the method for synthesizing the phenylazomethine dendrimer is not particularly limited. As described above, a known method such as the Divergent method for synthesizing from the center of the dendrimer to the outside and the Convergent method for synthesizing from the outside of the dendrimer to the center can be applied. .
- the phenylazomethine dendrimer can be synthesized by a convergent method in which dendrons of each generation are synthesized, and a core compound having a dendron and a reactive group is subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst.
- the complexation between phenylazomethine dendrimer and metal is controlled by controlling the metal equivalent of each generation dendrimer to imine in solvents such as chloroform and acetonitrile. In the case of the drimer, it may be added in an equimolar amount with the imine site to be complexed). After confirming the complex formation by UV-Vis spectrum, if the solvent is concentrated, a thin film of phenylazomethine dendrimer metal complex, which is packed on a flat surface and has strong strength, is obtained. .
- the reduction may be performed by adding a reducing agent to a solvent.
- the obtained carbon material encapsulating the metal cluster exhibits high activity as an electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst or a gas reforming catalyst.
- UV-visible absorption spectrum was measured while adding gold chloride (AuCl 3 ) to the 4th generation phenylazomethine dendrimer solution expressed by the formula below in a solution of formaldehyde / acetonitrile (1/1) did.
- AuCl 3 gold chloride
- Example 2 As in Example 1, a solution obtained by mixing silver chloride (AgCl) and fourth-generation phenylazomethine dendrimer was cast on a glass substrate, and then irradiated with an ultraviolet ray of 254 nm for 1 hour. Upon irradiation, a plasmon peak based on the formation of silver clusters was observed in the UV-visible absorption spectrum. Observation with a transmission electron microscope confirmed formation of uniform fine particles of silver clusters having a diameter of 2 nm or less.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a fourth-generation phenylazomethine dendrimer and 30 equivalents of iron chloride (FeCl 3 ) were complexed in black-mouthed formnoacetonitrile. This solution was spin-cast on an ITO electrode to prepare a modified electrode. The modified electrode was used as the working electrode, the platinum wire was used as the counter electrode, and the reference electrode was AgZAg +, using 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroporate as the supporting salt in chloroform Z hexane.2. Electrostatic potential electrolysis was performed at 0 V for 1 minute.
- a mixture of methane and oxygen mixed gas (2: 1) was brought into contact with a film of phenylazomethine dendrimer, which contained gold class Yuichi and synthesized in Example 2, while being circulated.
- gas chromatography confirmed the formation of carbon monoxide gas by the adsorption of methane and oxygen on the surface of the gold cluster and the accompanying dehydrogenation of methane.
- the amount of carbon monoxide produced was proportional to the reaction time, indicating that the gold cluster was functioning as a catalyst.
- the UV-visible absorption spectrum was added to the fourth-generation phenylazomethine dendrimer used in Example 1 while adding titanium gold tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) to the solution of the form / acetonitrile (1/1) in the mouth. It was measured.
- the solution was cast on a conductive glass substrate, where the resulting film was heated for 3 0 minutes at 4 5 0 in a furnace, gratings according Ti0 2 could be observed by X-ray diffraction apparatus. By transmission electron microscopy, 3 nm or less of Ti0 2 produce a uniform particle clusters was observed.
- the resulting substrate was eroded 1 day ruthenium dye solution, after staining Ti0 2 with a dye, scissors electrolyte solution I 2 ZI- the substrate and P t plate to prepare a solar cell. When simulated solar light was applied, the generation of voltage was confirmed.
- a solution in which zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and the fourth-generation phenylazomethine dendrimer were mixed was cast on a conductive glass substrate in the same manner as in Example 5, and then was heated in a furnace at 450. After heating for 0 min, a diffraction grating based on ZnO clusters was observed by X-ray diffraction measurement. The transmission electron microscopy diameter 3 nm or less uniform particle was observed B ruthenium dye was adsorbed, was to create a solar cell, generation voltage is ⁇ under artificial sunlight.
- Example 5 Ti0 2 clusters containing phenylalanine ⁇ zone methine dendriplex When bacteria are sprayed on the membrane and irradiated with ultraviolet light, the number of bacteria on the substrate decreases, and the antibacterial function is confirmed.
- G4 phenylazomethine-porphyrin dendrimer was mixed with a chloroform-form solution and 60 equivalents of acetonitrile solution of platinum (IV) chloride per dendrimer was mixed to obtain phenylamethine.
- this solution was reduced with an excessive amount of sodium borohydride to synthesize a phenylazomethine dendrimer platinum cluster.
- a carbon material containing platinum class Yuichi was synthesized.
- Figure 1 shows a TEM image of this, that is, a graphite white gold cluster.
- the carbon material containing platinum clusters synthesized in Example 8 was decorated on a carbon electrode, and using this as a working electrode, cyclic porttammetry measurement was performed in an acidic aqueous solution.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the upper part in the figure shows the case where a platinum electrode was used, and the lower part shows the case where a Dallas carbon electrode modified with a carbon material containing platinum clusters was used.
- Each dotted line shows the results under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the solid lines show the results under the atmosphere.
- a large reduction current was observed in an oxygen atmosphere. Since this reduction current is not observed under a nitrogen atmosphere, It is considered to be due to elementary reduction.
- the invention of this application provides a phenylazomethine dendrimer containing a metal class, which is useful as a functional material such as a catalyst material and a luminescent material.
- a phenylazomethine dendrimer containing a metal class is characterized by the type of core X in the phenylazomethine dendrimer and the properties of the substituent R in the dendron subunit Y (electron donating / electron withdrawing properties).
- the electron density can be changed.
- the present invention provides a metal oxide cluster-containing phenylazomethine dendrimer useful as a photoelectrode of a solar cell and an environmental catalyst.
- Such phenylazomethine dendrimers containing metal oxide clusters are characterized by the type of core X in the phenylazomethine dendrimer, the properties of the substituent R in the dendron subunit Y (electron donating / electron withdrawing properties, etc.)
- the electron density can be changed by controlling the number of generations or by controlling the type and number of metal oxide clusters included in the phenylazomethine dendrimer. Therefore, it is possible to improve the conversion efficiency and catalytic activity when used in photovoltaic cells as photoelectrodes, and it has industrial applicability as a photoelectrode material or photocatalyst material replacing conventional metal oxide materials. Is high.
- the amount of expensive metal used can be reduced as much as possible, and moreover, it can be used as a thermally active, highly active oxygen reduction catalyst and gas reforming catalyst.
- a new metal class Yuichi inclusion carbon material gradient useful as an electrode catalyst material for the oxygen reduction electrode of batteries and a gas reforming catalyst for exhaust gas etc. is provided. Its to also, s, which is also provided that before the body
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