WO2004076032A1 - 乾式同時脱硫脱硝装置 - Google Patents
乾式同時脱硫脱硝装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004076032A1 WO2004076032A1 PCT/JP2003/017025 JP0317025W WO2004076032A1 WO 2004076032 A1 WO2004076032 A1 WO 2004076032A1 JP 0317025 W JP0317025 W JP 0317025W WO 2004076032 A1 WO2004076032 A1 WO 2004076032A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radical
- dry
- exhaust gas
- desulfurization
- denitration
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration apparatus for removing air pollutants such as nitrogen compounds and sulfur compounds contained in exhaust gas and performing a chain reaction with ⁇ H radicals to simultaneously oxidize nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide.
- Fossil fuels such as coal
- Sulfur dioxide contained in exhaust gas is removed by a wet method using a normal scrubber that absorbs and removes sulfur dioxide by contacting the spray of the absorbing solution with the exhaust gas (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-202004). No. 9).
- a dry exhaust gas treatment method in which sulfur dioxide in exhaust gas is passed through a pulsed corona discharge region, oxidized into sulfur dioxide, and adsorbed and removed by fine powder such as oxidizing power of an additive (for example, Japanese Patent No. Kaihei 5—2 283 330 Reference).
- a technique of converting sulfur dioxide gas to sulfur trioxide gas with vanadium pentoxide as an oxidation catalyst is also known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-11041.
- the wet exhaust gas treatment method requires large capital investment and a large amount of water, so the equipment itself becomes large and it is not easy to use it in places where water resources are scarce.
- the cost is high because additives and oxidation catalysts are used. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention solves such a problem, and can perform dry exhaust gas treatment without using a catalyst or the like, and can efficiently oxidize nitrogen monoxide and sulfur dioxide by performing a chain reaction with 0-radicals.
- Provide low cost and simultaneous dry desulfurization and denitration equipment The purpose is to:
- the dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration apparatus of the present invention is a dry exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating high-temperature exhaust gas, which is provided with a reactor and a H radical supply device.
- the present invention is characterized in that either an H radical or a 0 H radical generator is supplied, and either or both of a sulfur compound and a nitrogen compound in the exhaust gas are subjected to exhaust gas treatment by acidification at the same time.
- the reactor includes an inner tube and an outer tube coaxially with a gap, and a radical supply port for supplying either a H radical or a 0 H radical generator to the inner tube.
- a plurality of radical supply ports may be provided at predetermined intervals in the inner pipe so that multistage blowing can be performed.
- the reactor preferably has an injector for supplying the ⁇ H radical and the ⁇ H radical generator. It is advantageous if a plurality of the indicators are provided so as to have different lengths so that multi-stage blowing can be performed.
- the reaction device may have one or both of a shower pipe and a spray nozzle for supplying either the H radical or the O H radical generator.
- the reactor may be either vertical or horizontal.
- the 0 H radical supply device has a radial force generation source and a gas supply system.
- the ⁇ H radical generator is preferably nitric acid. O H radicals are generated by the thermal decomposition of nitric acid.
- the sulfur compound in the exhaust gas is sulfur dioxide
- the nitrogen compound is nitric oxide
- either one of the 0 H radical and the OH radical generated by the 0 H radical generator serves as an initiator.
- the oxides formed by simultaneous oxidation are sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
- the supplied ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ H radical acts as an initiator to cause a chain reaction, thereby simultaneously oxidizing sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide in the exhaust gas to form sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Discharge. Therefore, in the simultaneous dry desulfurization and denitration apparatus of the present invention, the exhaust gas can be treated by a dry method without using a catalyst or the like, and the efficiency and cost are reduced.
- the dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration apparatus having the above-mentioned configuration preferably comprises an oxidation treatment of exhaust gas. It has a sulfuric acid recovery unit that recovers sulfur trioxide generated as sulfuric acid and gypsum, or both. Further, the dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration apparatus preferably has a nitric acid recovery apparatus for recovering nitrogen dioxide generated by oxidizing exhaust gas as nitric acid. Also, ⁇
- a nitric acid recovery device that recovers the H radical donor as nitric acid may be provided.
- the recovered nitric acid can be circulated and reused as a 0 H radical supplier.
- sulfuric acid is recovered from sulfur trioxide generated by oxidizing exhaust gas, so that sulfuric acid or gypsum can be recovered efficiently.
- nitrogen dioxide generated by oxidizing exhaust gas can be recovered as nitric acid. If nitric acid is supplied as a ⁇ H radical supply agent, nitric acid is recovered and circulated to be reused as a 0H radical supply agent. can do.
- Figure 1 is a constant HN 0 3, a diagram illustrating the S 0 3 occurs Concentration Temperature dependence of the calculation result of the relative NO amount.
- FIG. 2 is a table showing the rate constant of the elementary reaction after the addition.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a calculated value of a mole fraction of sulfur compound from 400 K to 100 °.
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the calculation results of the various species of temporal change in the oxidation reaction of S_ ⁇ 2 and NO in FIG.
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the calculation results of the sensitivity coefficients of major elementary reactions for S_ ⁇ 3 concentration in the calculation conditions of FIG.
- Figure 8 is a view to view the temperature dependence of the calculation result of S0 3 generation concentration for HNOs amount.
- FIG. 9 is a system configuration diagram of a dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a partial conceptual cross-sectional view of a reactor and an OH radical supply device according to a preferred embodiment. ⁇
- FIG. 11 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view of a reaction apparatus and a ⁇ H radical supply apparatus of another embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is an external view showing an example of an injector.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional view of a reactor having a shower pipe.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view of a vertical reactor having a spray nozzle.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view of a horizontal reactor having a shower pipe.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view of the scrubber. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- Oxidation of S0 2 and NO in the exhaust gas from various combustion furnaces used in the present invention i.e., desulfurization and denitration method is configured as a chain reaction proceeds by the chemical formula.
- HNO3 + M ⁇ H + N ⁇ 2 + M (R4)
- S ⁇ 2 in exhaust gas And NO are in the left equation of the chemical reaction equation (R1) and the left equation of the chemical reaction equation (R3).
- ⁇ 2 is oxygen gas contained in the exhaust gas.
- M is a gas that does not contribute to the reaction, and is, for example, N 2 , C ⁇ 2 or H 2 added simultaneously with N 2 .
- H_ ⁇ _S0 2 occurred, 0 2 reacts with H_ ⁇ 2 and S_ ⁇ 3 occurs in the exhaust gas (reaction formula (R2) refer).
- R2 reaction formula (R2) refer).
- ⁇ 2 concentration in the exhaust gas because a very high than any radical species, the reaction rate of (R2), the OH + HOS ⁇ 2, 0 + H_ ⁇ _S_ ⁇ 2 or H + H_ ⁇ _S0 2 like In addition, it proceeds faster than the reaction of other H ⁇ S O2 by radical species.
- H_ ⁇ 2 generated by the chemical reaction formula (R2) reacts with NO to generate OH and N0 2 (see the chemical reaction formula (R 3)). In this way, a chain reaction is formed by adding OH.
- 0 S0 2 and NO in exhaust gas containing 2 is, by ⁇ _H or ⁇ _H radicals generated by thermal decomposition of HN_ ⁇ 3 as shown by the reaction formula (R4), chain reaction to S0 3 and can be oxidized to N0 2.
- R4 reaction formula
- HN_ ⁇ 3 is a diagram showing the temperature dependence of the calculation result of S_ ⁇ 3 shots raw concentration versus N_ ⁇ amount.
- the horizontal axis is temperature (K)
- the vertical axis represents S0 3 concentration (ppm).
- the calculation conditions are based on the assumption that the reaction is in an adiabatic state, and the reaction time is 1 second.
- S_ ⁇ 2 concentration in the exhaust gas is 200 Oppm
- HN0 3 concentration is 1 0 O ppm.
- M is composed of N 2 , C ⁇ 2 and H 2 ⁇
- the combined pressure of ⁇ 2 in the exhaust gas is 1 atm assuming that the S ⁇ 2 and HN ⁇ 3 concentrations are so small that they can be ignored. (1 a tm), and the ratio (%) is
- FIG. 2 is a table showing the rate constant of the elementary reaction after the addition.
- the added elementary reaction is, for example, the following chemical reaction formula that inhibits the chemical reaction formula (R4).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the calculated values of the mole fraction of sulfur compounds from 400 K to 10000 ⁇ .
- the vertical axis is the mole fraction of the sulfur compound
- the horizontal axis is the temperature ( ⁇ ).
- the 6 50 K ⁇ 80 OK, S0 2 can be extrapolated easily oxidized.
- the vertical axis S_ ⁇ a 3 concentration the horizontal axis represents the NO concentration (ppm). Except that HN0 3 concentration is 100 ppm are the same as the conditions in FIG. S_ ⁇ 3 conversion rate, until the NO concentration of about 200 p pm is increased, it is NO concentration on the following, it can be seen that the decrease in the reverse.
- the vertical axis Ri S0 3 concentration der, the horizontal axis is HN0 3 concentration (ppm).
- S0 2 concentration is the 100 Opp m
- conditions other than NO concentration is 200 p pm is the same as FIG.
- S 03 conversion rate HN 0 3 concentration is have you to 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, respectively, about 1 5%, about 1 6%, it can be seen that approximately 1-7%.
- N0 2 conversion rate the conversion rate of NO to N_ ⁇ 2 (hereinafter, referred to as N0 2 conversion rate) is 90% to 80%.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing calculation results of time changes of various chemical species in the oxidation reaction of S 2 and N 2 in FIG.
- the vertical axis is mole fraction
- the horizontal axis is time (seconds).
- the temperature is 750 K :, NO concentration 20 Op pm, S_ ⁇ 2 concentration
- S_ ⁇ 3 and N_ ⁇ 2 concentration
- the major oxidation product is S0 3 and N_ ⁇ 2
- NO is not ho Tondo product, the added NO, mowing that is almost completely oxidized to N0 2 min.
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the calculation results of the sensitivity coefficients of major elementary reactions for S_ ⁇ 3 concentration in the calculation conditions of FIG.
- the initial state is the same as in FIG.
- the vertical axis represents sensitivity coefficient of the main reaction of S0 3 generation
- the horizontal axis is the time (in seconds).
- the sensitivity coefficient Si of elementary reaction i to chemical species j is / 5ki.
- Cj is the concentration of species j
- ki is the rate constant of elementary reaction i.
- the most important reactions to S0 3 raw formation is a chemical reaction formula (Rl), (R3), (R4) it is seen that (in FIG. 7 (R 1), (R3), ( R4)).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a 3 generation concentration temperature dependence of the calculation result of S_ ⁇ for HN0 3 addition amount.
- the horizontal axis is the temperature (K), the ordinate HS0 3 Concentration (ppm).
- S_ ⁇ 2 concentration in the exhaust gas is 2000 p pm
- the HN0 3 concentration 100 ppm
- 500 p pm other than those to l OO Oppm and Heni spoon condition is the same as FIG.
- the S_ ⁇ 2 and NO in exhaust gas containing oxygen at a relatively low temperature of 600 K ⁇ 80 OK, 0H by rise to chain reaction by adding radicals, it can be simultaneously oxidized to S_ ⁇ 3 and N_ ⁇ 2.
- This radical generator is suitable as HN0 3 is a radical generator.
- N0 2 conversion is HN0 3 concentration 1 00 p pm becomes above as being to that trend decreased, if added HN0 3 of 1 000 ppm if S_ ⁇ 2 in the exhaust gas of about 1 000 p pm SO 2 can be converted to S0 3 up to nearly 20%. This and can, N0 2 conversion rate larger value 4 times 80% 90% and S_ ⁇ 3 conversion is obtained, et al.
- FIG. 9 is a system configuration diagram of a dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration apparatus according to the present invention.
- the dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration device 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an OH radical supply device 12, a reaction device 14, a sulfuric acid recovery device 16 and a nitric acid recovery device 18. Exhaust gas from the boiler 2 and the like is introduced into the reactor 14.
- the dry simultaneous desulfurization and denitration apparatus 10 of the present invention is used as an exhaust gas passage for various combustion apparatuses. It may be provided in the flue.
- FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram of the reaction device and the 1 H radical supply device of the present embodiment.
- a reactor 20 includes an inner pipe 22 into which exhaust gas 23 of up to 800 ° C. is introduced from the boiler 2, and a coaxial inner pipe 22.
- An outer pipe 28 is provided inside and defines a space together with manifolds 24, 26 at both ends.
- Radical supply ports 21 and 27 are provided at appropriate positions on the inner pipe 22 in the exhaust gas introduction direction. That is, they are provided at symmetrical positions in the coaxial direction.
- exhaust gas 2 3 is supplied from one end of the inner tube 2 2, S0 2 and NO contained in the exhaust gas 2 3 is simultaneously oxidized, so as to be exhausted from the other end ing.
- the gap between the inner tube 22 and the outer tube 28 is a line for introducing a ⁇ H radical or an OH radical generator.
- the inner pipe 22 is provided with the radical supply ports 21 and 27 in four stages, it may be provided in one stage or as many as appropriate according to the scale of the exhaust gas treatment.
- the arrow 25 in FIG. 10 indicates the flow of the ⁇ H radical or the 0 H radical generator.
- the inner pipe 22 is further defined by a partition wall for each of the radical supply ports 21 and 27, and a ⁇ H radical or an OH radical generator is blown in multiple stages from the introduction side of the exhaust gas 23 to the exhaust direction. Thereby, a multi-stage reaction may proceed.
- a multi-stage reaction may proceed.
- S0 2 and NO are each stage may be approximately 1 0 0% S0 3 and N_ ⁇ 2 conversion rate.
- OH radical supplier 1 2 As shown in FIG. 1 0, OH radical supplier 1 2, a New 2, 0 2, gas supply system 3 2 such as NO, and a OH radical source 3 1, gas supply system 3 2 shown
- the gas supply is controlled by a computer with a predetermined flow rate and a reaction process using a mass flow meter and a valve.
- N 0 can be controlled to about 0 to 20 Oppm.
- HN_ ⁇ 3 may be the 1 0 0% may be an aqueous solution of a predetermined ratio.
- the exhaust gas is 6 0 0 ° C ⁇ 8 0 0 ° C, although this HN_ ⁇ 3 radical generator at a temperature region generates a ⁇ _H radicals is thermally decomposed, if any temperature of the exhaust gas is Do low
- an electric furnace 37 may be provided before introduction into the manifold 24, and the radical generator may be thermally decomposed to surely supply ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ H radicals. It is desirable that the temperature of the tank 34 be adjustable depending on the scale.
- HN_ ⁇ 3 also 1 0 0 0 ppm introduction of similar concentration if for example 1 0 0 a 0 ppm.
- desulfurization and denitration can be performed simultaneously only by supplying the 0 H radical or the 0 H radical generator to the high-temperature exhaust gas.
- FIG. 11 shows a reaction apparatus according to another embodiment.
- the reactor 30 is composed of an outer pipe 42 provided coaxially and closely to the exhaust gas introduction line 41, and an injector 44 provided at an appropriate length and position. , 48, and the ⁇ H radical or 0 H radical generator is supplied to the injectors 44, 46, 48 from the ⁇ H radical supplying device 12. ing.
- FIG. 12 is an external view showing an example of an injector.
- the injector 49 shown in Fig. 12 (a) has only one outlet at the tip end, and the injector 55 shown in Fig. 12 (b) blows out to an appropriate location.
- the ports 51, 52, 53, and 54 are provided, and the size of the outlet is appropriately changed in consideration of the conductance of the injector.
- the outlet of the injector 1 is provided on only one side surface, but may be provided on both side surfaces. In such an injector, it is located at the center of the reactor and supplies a ⁇ H radical or a 0 H radical generator.
- ⁇ _H radical supplier 1 2 shown in FIG. 1 1 is obtained by so as to supply steam or HN_ ⁇ 3 of vapor and water vapor HN 0 3, and to supply the droplets of HN_ ⁇ 3 OH It may be a radical supply device. This will be introduced to the reactor HN 0 3 of droplets Injekuta one as a spray nozzle when.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a reaction apparatus to spray droplets of HN_ ⁇ 3.
- the reactor 50 has an outer pipe 42 provided in a direction perpendicular to the exhaust gas introduction line 41, and HN ⁇ 3 is collected at the exhaust gas inlet side of the outer pipe 42.
- An apparatus 62 is provided, and a circulating liquid tank 58 for HN 3 , which is an H radical generator, is provided.
- shower pipes 56 and 56 are disposed at appropriate positions of the outer pipe 42 of the reactor 50, and the OH radical generator is sprayed from the shower pipes 56 and 56 to form a line. It has become so.
- 59 in FIG. 13 indicates the spraying of the 0 H radical generator.
- the reactor 60 shown in FIG. 14 is configured such that the OH radical generator is supplied by a spray nozzle 57 instead of the shower pipe 56 shown in FIG. 13. 9 indicates the spraying of the 0 H radical generator.
- the reactor 70 is of a horizontal type, and shower pipes 56 and 56 are provided along the outer pipe wall.
- the reactor described above may be either a vertical type or a horizontal type.
- FIG 16 shows an example of a sulfuric acid recovery device.
- Sulfuric acid recovery unit is a scrubber 80, a liquid tank 82, the filling tank 84 for contacting the liquid, and a Shawapa Eve 86 to spray absorption 4 Mataeki, exhaust gas containing the cooled S_ ⁇ 3 gas The gas is introduced from the inlet 87 and exhausted from the gas outlet 88.
- Absorbing fluid Ri Ah with a small amount of water, in the filling tank 84 contacts the water with S_ ⁇ 3 gas stored is recovered in the liquid tank 82 becomes sulfuric acid.
- S_ ⁇ 3 is a scrubber where the absorbing liquid water Ru can be recovered as sulfuric acid.
- S0 3 is from is easily converted to sulfuric acid in the presence of trace amounts of water, is useful as a by-product.
- carbonated calcium sulfate may be added to sulfuric acid and reacted to recover gypsum.
- HN0 3 is what is sprayed is recovered by HNO 3 recovery apparatus described above.
- HNO 3 recovery apparatus after collecting the S0 3 in electrostatic precipitator, to recover the HN ⁇ 3 and the solution absorbed N_ ⁇ 2 scrubber one, may be reused by supplying the HN_ ⁇ 3 recovery apparatus described above.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and it goes without saying that they are also included in the scope of the present invention.
- the reactor for injecting OH and OH radicals in multiple stages described in the above embodiment can be added to various combustion devices depending on the flow rate of exhaust gas and the concentration of S ⁇ 2 and NO gas to be desulfurized and denitrated. Of course, it can be designed, manufactured and applied as appropriate. Industrial applicability
- the apparatus for simultaneous dry desulfurization and denitration the chain reaction occurs becomes the supplied OH radicals as an initiator, oxidizing the S_ ⁇ 2 and NO in the exhaust gas simultaneously as S 0 3 and N0 2 Since the exhaust gas is discharged, the exhaust gas can be processed by a dry method that does not use a catalyst and the like, and has the effects of high efficiency and low cost.
- a simultaneous dry desulfurization and denitration system having either or both of a sulfuric acid recovery unit and a HNO 3 recovery unit, oxidized SO 3 and N 2 are converted to sulfuric acid and HNO 3, and HN0 is used as an OH radical generator. 3 when using has the effect that it is possible to recover the OH radicals onset Namazai as HN 0 3.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP03786375.0A EP1600203B1 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-12-26 | Apparatus for simultaneous dry desulfurization/denitrification |
US10/547,085 US7455819B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-12-26 | Apparatus for simultaneous dry desulfurization/denitrification |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-054900 | 2003-02-28 | ||
JP2003054900A JP4446269B2 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-02-28 | 乾式同時脱硫脱硝装置 |
Publications (1)
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WO2004076032A1 true WO2004076032A1 (ja) | 2004-09-10 |
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PCT/JP2003/017025 WO2004076032A1 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2003-12-26 | 乾式同時脱硫脱硝装置 |
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US (1) | US7455819B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1600203B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4446269B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100396361C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004076032A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101171070B (zh) * | 2005-05-06 | 2012-10-17 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | 废气用干式同时脱硫脱硝装置 |
CN111001279A (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 佛山科学技术学院 | 一种高效干法脱硝剂及其制备方法和脱硝效果的评价方法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
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JP5093205B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-12-12 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 二酸化炭素回収型発電システム |
CN101961596A (zh) * | 2010-07-19 | 2011-02-02 | 大连海事大学 | 氧活性粒子注入烟道中的羟基自由基氧化脱硫脱硝方法 |
CN104324610B (zh) * | 2014-10-19 | 2016-07-06 | 陕西蔚蓝节能环境科技集团有限责任公司 | 一种脱硫脱硝方法及装置 |
CN106422722A (zh) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-22 | 广东佳德环保科技有限公司 | 一种氧化法烧结烟气脱硝方法 |
CN115253671A (zh) * | 2022-08-13 | 2022-11-01 | 嘉兴复翼环保科技有限公司 | 一种利用可助力no2生成的添加剂来实现scr高效脱硝的方法 |
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2003
- 2003-02-28 JP JP2003054900A patent/JP4446269B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-26 CN CNB2003801100115A patent/CN100396361C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-26 US US10/547,085 patent/US7455819B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-26 EP EP03786375.0A patent/EP1600203B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-26 WO PCT/JP2003/017025 patent/WO2004076032A1/ja active Application Filing
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Cited By (2)
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CN101171070B (zh) * | 2005-05-06 | 2012-10-17 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | 废气用干式同时脱硫脱硝装置 |
CN111001279A (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 佛山科学技术学院 | 一种高效干法脱硝剂及其制备方法和脱硝效果的评价方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1600203B1 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
EP1600203A4 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
EP1600203A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 |
US7455819B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
US20060147356A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
JP2004261718A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
JP4446269B2 (ja) | 2010-04-07 |
CN1756585A (zh) | 2006-04-05 |
CN100396361C (zh) | 2008-06-25 |
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