WO2004051833A1 - スイッチング電源回路 - Google Patents
スイッチング電源回路 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004051833A1 WO2004051833A1 PCT/JP2003/015236 JP0315236W WO2004051833A1 WO 2004051833 A1 WO2004051833 A1 WO 2004051833A1 JP 0315236 W JP0315236 W JP 0315236W WO 2004051833 A1 WO2004051833 A1 WO 2004051833A1
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- Prior art keywords
- switching
- voltage
- power supply
- circuit
- smoothing
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4258—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switching power supply circuit provided with a circuit for power factor correction.
- Switching power supply circuits reduce the size of transformers and other devices by increasing the switching frequency, and are used as power supplies for various electronic devices as high-power DC-DC converters.
- FIG. 27 shows an example of a switching power supply circuit configured to improve the power factor by the above-described choke input method.
- a configuration for improving the duty ratio as a time input method is added to the configuration as a complex resonant converter proposed by the present applicant.
- a common mode noise filter which is formed by connecting a common mode coil C CM and two cross capacitors C L to a commercial AC power supply A C.
- This common mode noise filter suppresses noise transmitted from the switching converter side to the commercial AC power supply AC, for example.
- a rectifying and smoothing circuit comprising a bridge rectifier circuit Di and a smoothing capacitor Ci is provided.
- This rectifying and smoothing circuit receives a commercial AC power supply AC and performs rectification and smoothing operations to obtain a rectified and smoothed voltage Ei at a level corresponding to one-half of the AC input voltage V AC at both ends of the smoothing capacitor C i.
- Be The rectified smoothed voltage E i is supplied as a DC input voltage to the subsequent switching converter.
- a power circuit coil PCH is inserted in series to the line of commercial AC power supply AC.
- the power choke coil PCH is inserted into the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC.
- the commercial AC power supply AC by inserting the power choke coil PCH into the line of the commercial AC power supply AC, as is well known, by the action of the inductance L p ch of the power choke coil PCH, the commercial AC power supply AC.
- the harmonics of the AC input current flowing from the source to the rectification diode forming the bridge rectification circuit Di are suppressed. That is, the conduction angle of the AC input current I AC is enlarged to improve the power factor.
- a complex resonant type converter is provided as a switching converter that operates by receiving the above-mentioned rectified and smoothed voltage E i.
- the complex resonant converter means a resonant circuit added to the primary side or the secondary side in addition to the resonant circuit provided to make the operation of the switching comparator resonant. Refers to a switching converter configured to operate the resonant circuit complexly in one switching converter.
- the resonant converter provided as the complex resonant converter is a current resonant type.
- two switching elements Ql and Q2 are connected by a half bridge connection by means of MS.
- Damper diodes D D1 and D D2 are connected in parallel between the drain and the source of the switching elements Q 1 and Q 2 according to the directions shown in the drawing.
- a partial resonance capacitor C p is connected in parallel between the drain and source of the switching element Q2.
- the capacitance of the partially resonant capacitor C p and the leakage inductance L 1 of the primary winding N 1 form a parallel resonant circuit (partial voltage resonant circuit).
- partial voltage resonance operation can be obtained, in which voltage resonance occurs only when the switching elements Ql and Q2 are turned off.
- a control IC 2 is provided to drive the switching elements Ql and Q2 for switching.
- the control IC 2 is configured to include an oscillation circuit, a control circuit, and a protection circuit for driving the current resonance type converter in a separately excited manner, and is a general-purpose one having a bipolar transistor inside. Analog IC (Integrated Circuit).
- This control IC 2 operates by the DC voltage input to the power supply input terminal Vcc. Also, the rectified and smoothed voltage E i is input to the power supply input terminal Vcc as a start voltage via the start resistor R s. The control IC 2 is activated by the activation voltage input to the power supply input terminal Vcc at the time of power supply activation.
- the control IC 2 is provided with two drive signal output terminals VGH and VGL as terminals for outputting a drive signal (gate voltage) to the switching element.
- the drive signal output terminal VGH outputs a drive signal for switching driving the high side switching element
- the drive signal output terminal VGL outputs a drive signal for switching driving the low side switching element
- the drive signal output terminal VGH is connected to the gate of the high side switching element Q1.
- the drive signal output terminal VGL is connected to the gate of the switching element Q2 on the other side.
- the drive signal for high side output from the drive signal output terminal VGH is applied to the gate of the switching element Q1
- the drive signal for low side output from the drive signal output terminal VGL is a switching element It will be applied to the gate of Q2.
- control IC 2 as a circuit external, a set of t bootstrap circuit is connected to the output from the drive signal output terminal VGH This bootstrap circuit
- the drive signal for the high side to be driven is level shifted so as to drive the switching element Q 1 properly.
- the control IC 2 generates an oscillation signal of the required frequency by the internal oscillation circuit. Then, the control IC 2 generates an eight-side drive signal and a low-side drive signal using the oscillation signal generated by the oscillation circuit.
- the eight-side drive signal and the low-side drive signal are generated in such a way as to have a phase difference of 180 ° with each other. Then, a drive signal for the high side is output from the drive signal output terminal VGH, and a drive signal for the single side is output from the drive signal output terminal VGL.
- switching element When the drive signal for the high side and the drive signal for the low side are applied to switching elements Ql and Q 2 respectively, switching element is switched according to the period when the drive signal is at H level.
- the gate voltage of Ql and Q2 is equal to or higher than the gate threshold and the transistor turns on.
- the gate voltage becomes lower than the gate threshold and the device is turned off.
- the switching elements Q1 and Q2 are switched and driven at the required switching frequency according to the timing of turning on and off alternately.
- An isolation comparator transformer PIT is provided to transmit the switching output of the switching elements Ql and Q2 from the primary side to the secondary side.
- One end of the primary winding N1 of the isolated combination transformer PIT is connected to the connection point (switching output point) of the switching elements Q1 and Q2 via the primary side series resonant capacitor C1, and the other end Is the primary side Connected to the
- the series resonant capacitor C1 forms a primary side series resonant circuit by its own capacitance and the leakage inductance (L1) of the primary winding N1.
- This primary side series resonance circuit produces a resonant operation by being supplied with the switching output of the switching elements Ql and Q2, whereby the operation of the switching circuit consisting of the switching elements Ql and Q2 is a current resonance type. I assume.
- the power supply circuit shown in this figure takes the form of a complex resonant converter in which another resonant circuit is combined with a resonant circuit for making the primary side switching converter resonant.
- a secondary winding N2 is wound on the secondary side of the insulating converter transformer PIT.
- the secondary winding N2 is provided with a center probe as shown in the drawing and connected to the secondary side ground, and both of the rectifying diodes D01 and D02 and the smoothing capacitor CO are provided.
- the wave rectification circuit is connected.
- the secondary side DC output voltage E 0 is obtained as the voltage across the smoothing capacitor CO.
- the secondary side DC output voltage E0 is supplied to the load side (not shown) and is also branched and input as a detection voltage for the control circuit 1.
- the control circuit 1 supplies a voltage or current whose level is changed according to the level of the input secondary side DC output voltage E 0 as a control output to the control input terminal V c of the control IC 2.
- control IC 2 according to the control output inputted to control input terminal V c, for example, the frequency of the oscillation signal
- the frequency of the drive signal to be output from the drive signal output terminals VGH and VGL can be varied.
- the switching frequency of the switching elements Q1 and Q2 is variably controlled.
- the level of the secondary side DC output voltage E01 becomes constant by changing the switching frequency in this manner. To be controlled. That is, stabilization by the switching frequency control method is performed.
- the respective characteristics of the power conversion efficiency 77 AC-D and the level of the rectified smoothed voltage E i (DC input voltage) are indicated by solid lines.
- the characteristics when the configuration without power factor improvement is adopted in the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 27 are indicated by a broken line.
- the component of the inductance Lpch of the power coil PCH is omitted from the line of the commercial AC power supply AC.
- Power factor PF, rectified smoothed voltage Ei, and power conversion efficiency 77 AC-DC are shown.
- Insulated converter lancet P IT EER 3 5 ferrite core, gear length 1 orchid,
- Superb combination transformer PI T E ER 3 5 ferrite core, gear length 1 mm,
- FIG. 27 Another example of a complex resonant converter configured to improve the power factor by the phase input method is shown in FIG.
- the same parts as in FIG. 27 are assigned the same reference numerals and explanations thereof will be omitted.
- the power supply circuit shown in this figure corresponds to the condition of heavier load than the power supply circuit of FIG.
- a voltage doubler rectification circuit is provided as a rectification and smoothing circuit that generates the rectified and smoothed voltage E i.
- the voltage doubler rectification circuit is, as shown in the figure, two rectification diodes Dia, Dib and two series connected smoothing capacitors Cil, C with respect to the commercial AC power supply AC. It is formed by connecting i 2.
- the voltage doubler rectifier circuit receives the AC input voltage V AC to perform rectification and smoothing operation, so that the two ends of the series connection circuit of the smoothing capacitors C i 1 and C i 2 are twice the AC input voltage V AC.
- a rectified smoothed voltage E i corresponding to the level is generated.
- the primary side switching converter in the subsequent stage performs switching operation by inputting the rectified and smoothed voltage E i generated in this way as a DC voltage.
- the characteristics of AC ⁇ DC and the level of rectified and smoothed voltage E i (DC input voltage) are shown by solid lines.
- each part is selected as follows.
- Isolated converter transformer P IT E ER 35 ferrite core, gear length 1 mm,
- Partial resonance capacitor C p 6 8 0 p F
- the power supply circuit with this configuration shows the characteristic shown by a broken line in FIG.
- Partial resonance capacitor C p 6 8 0 p F
- the power conversion efficiency shown by the solid line and the broken line 7? AC ⁇ DC about 100 W or more Within the range, it has the characteristic that it becomes almost constant.
- the power factor PF gradually decreases with the increase of the AC input voltage VAC, but with this degree of inclination, the change of the AC input voltage VAC While it is almost constant at 0.75.
- the power conversion efficiency 7 – AC – DC tends to gradually increase as the AC input voltage VAC rises.
- the rectified smoothed voltage E i rises in a manner approximately proportional to the AC input voltage VAC.
- the power factor is improved by the choke input method. This thus, for example, a power factor PF value sufficient to clear the power supply harmonic distortion regulation value for a color television receiver can be obtained.
- the power choke coil PCH provided for improving the power factor in the power supply circuit of FIGS. 27 and 30 is constituted of, for example, a core of silicon steel plate and a winding of a copper wire. As a result, iron loss in the core and copper loss due to the resistance of the copper wire occur, and the power loss in this part of the choke coil PCH increases accordingly.
- the inductance of the choke coil and the resistance component also cause a voltage drop of the AC input voltage VAC
- the DC input voltage (rectified smoothed voltage E i) obtained by rectifying the AC input voltage VAC is also obtained. It will go down.
- the insertion of the power choke coil P CH improves the power factor PF from 0.55 to 0.75, but the overall power conversion efficiency 7.
- AC ⁇ DC goes from 90.6% to 87.5%, down 3.1%.
- AC input power Pin increases from 56.5 W to 171.4 W, increasing by 5. 9 W.
- the rectified smoothed voltage E i drops from 1 34 V to 1 15 V and drops by 9 V.
- the power factor PF is improved from 0.60 to 0.55 by the insertion of the power choke coil PCH.
- the power conversion efficiency 7 AC ⁇ DC is 9 2.8% to 9 1. 1% 1. Decrease by 7%.
- the AC input power P in is increased from 6.0 W to 320 W from 320 W by 6.0 W.
- the rectified smoothed voltage E i decreases from 2 0 V to 2 44 V from 2 6 V.
- the power choke coil PCH is large and heavy among the components constituting the power supply circuit, the area occupied by the substrate is large, and the circuit substrate is also heavy.
- the core is made to have a cross section (EE type or E type).
- the weight and the occupied area of the substrate yoke coil P CH are 15 3 g and 1 1 square cm in the power supply circuit shown in FIG. In the power supply circuit shown in Fig. 30, it is 240 g and 19 square cm.
- the power choke coil PCH is a component that generates a relatively large amount of leakage flux, but depending on conditions such as the arrangement of parts and the amount of leakage flux, the power choke coil PCH Leakage flux may affect the load side.
- parts such as a magnetic shield will be added as a measure to reduce the leakage flux radiated from the power condenser P CH, and the upsizing and weight increase of the substrate will be promoted. There is.
- the present invention is configured as a switching power supply circuit as follows.
- a rectifying element for rectifying an alternating current input voltage
- a rectifying and smoothing means for generating a rectifying and smoothing voltage provided with a smoothing capacitor for smoothing the voltage rectified by the rectifying element, and a rectifying and smoothing voltage generated by the rectifying and smoothing means
- Switching driving means for switching operation by switching between two switching elements formed with two half-bridged switching elements and switching on and off the two switching elements alternately.
- At least a primary winding to which a switching output obtained by switching operation of the switching means is supplied, and a secondary winding to which an alternating voltage is excited as the switching output obtained to the primary winding are wound.
- an insulating converter transformer formed by forming a gap of a predetermined length, and at least a leakage inductance component of the primary winding
- a primary side series resonant circuit which is formed by the capacitance of the primary side series resonant capacitor connected in series to the primary winding, and receives the switching output from the switching means to make the operation of the switching means current resonance type.
- a DC output voltage generation device configured to generate a secondary side DC output voltage by performing an rectification operation by inputting an alternating voltage obtained to the secondary winding, and a secondary side DC output voltage
- a constant voltage control means configured to perform constant voltage control on the secondary side DC output voltage by controlling the switching drive means according to the level of V.sub.2 and varying the switching frequency of the switching means.
- a power factor correction primary winding inserted in series with the primary side series resonant circuit;
- a power factor improving transformer is further provided, in which a power factor improving secondary winding to be inserted into a rectified current path formed as a rectifying and smoothing means is wound. Then, the rectifying element of the rectifying and smoothing means is configured to perform the switching operation based on the alternating voltage excited in the power factor improving secondary winding by the power factor improving primary winding.
- t is also configured as a switching power supply circuit, that is, a plurality of low frequency rectification elements that respectively rectify in the positive / negative period of the AC input voltage and the low frequency rectification element are rectified.
- a rectifying and smoothing means having a smoothing capacitor for smoothing the voltage, and a rectifying and smoothing voltage supplied by the rectification and smoothing means to perform switching operation to form two switching elements with half bridge connection.
- a switching driving means for switching driving the two switching elements alternately on / off.
- at least a primary winding to which a switching output obtained by switching operation of the switching means is supplied, and a secondary winding to which an alternating voltage is excited as the switching output obtained to the primary winding are wound.
- it is equipped with an insulating converter transformer formed by forming a gap of a predetermined length.
- the primary winding is formed by at least the leakage inductance component of the primary winding and the capacitance of the primary side series resonant capacitor connected in series to the primary winding, and receives the supply of the switching output from the switching means to operate the switching means.
- Is configured to generate a secondary side DC output voltage by performing an rectification operation by inputting an alternating voltage obtained to the secondary winding.
- DC output voltage generation means and switching driving means according to the level of the secondary side DC output voltage
- constant voltage control means configured to perform constant voltage control on the secondary side DC output voltage by changing the switching frequency of the switching means.
- a power factor correction primary winding inserted in series with the secondary side series resonant circuit, and a predetermined rectified current path formed as a rectifying and smoothing means.
- a power factor improving transformer that winds a power factor improving secondary winding connected in parallel with the power factor improving transformer, and an alternating current input voltage that is connected in series with the power factor improving secondary winding.
- the alternating voltage excited in the power factor correction secondary winding by the power factor correction primary winding which is a high frequency as compared with the frequency of It was decided to further comprise a high frequency rectification element.
- c which is also configured as a switching power supply circuit, that is, a plurality of rectifying elements that respectively rectify during each positive / negative period of the AC input voltage, and a voltage rectified by this rectifying element are smoothed.
- a rectifying / smoothing means having a smoothing capacitor, and a rectifying / smoothing voltage generated by the rectifying / smoothing means to perform switching operation to form a switching circuit comprising two half-bridged switching elements.
- driving means for switching driving the two switching elements so as to alternately turn on and off the switching elements.
- an insulating converter transformer formed by forming a gap of a predetermined length is provided so as to obtain a state of being loosely coupled by a required coupling coefficient. Further, it is formed by at least the leakage inductance component of the primary winding and the capacitance of the primary side series resonant capacitor connected in series to the primary winding, and receives the supply of the switching output from the switching means to operate the switching means as a current.
- a primary side series resonance circuit having a resonance type ⁇ Further, a DC output voltage configured to generate a secondary side DC output voltage by performing an rectification operation by inputting an alternating voltage obtained to a secondary winding It is configured to perform constant voltage control on the secondary side DC output voltage by controlling the switching drive means according to the generation means and the level of the secondary side DC output voltage and changing the switching frequency of the switching means. And constant voltage control means.
- the primary winding for power factor correction inserted in series with the primary side series resonant circuit, and the predetermined rectification current path formed as the rectifying smoothing means are connected in parallel.
- the rectifying device of the rectifying and smoothing means further includes a power factor improving transformer for winding the connected power factor improving secondary winding, and the rectifying element of the rectifying and smoothing means is a power factor improving secondary winding with the power factor improving primary winding. It is configured to perform switching operation based on the alternating voltage excited to
- a current resonance converter based on a half bridge connection system is provided on the primary side.
- the power factor can be improved by voltage feedback of the switching output of the complex resonant converter by the transformer for power factor correction to the rectification current path, and the rectification current is interrupted by the rectification diode, whereby the conduction angle of the AC input current is obtained. Will be expanded to improve the power factor.
- the present invention as a switching power supply circuit having a power factor improvement function, is a so-called choke input type commercial AC power supply converter. It is not necessary to adopt a configuration in which the power circuit coil is inserted into the inn. This has the effect of significantly improving the power conversion efficiency compared to the case of improving the power rate by the choke input method.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a loose coupling transformer.
- FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the main part of the power supply circuit according to the first embodiment by using a commercial AC power supply cycle.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the characteristics of power factor, power conversion efficiency, and rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to load fluctuation in the power supply circuit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing characteristics of power factor, power conversion efficiency, and rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to a change in AC input voltage in the power supply circuit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of the main part of the power supply circuit of the third embodiment by a commercial AC power supply cycle.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing characteristics of power factor, power conversion efficiency, and rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to load fluctuation in the power supply circuit of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing characteristics of power factor, power conversion efficiency, and rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to change of AC input voltage in the power supply circuit of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the insulating converter transformer of the embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the circuit shown in FIG. 12 (when the coupling coefficient of the insulating converter transformer is 0.8 or less).
- FIG. 15 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the circuit shown in FIG. 12 (in the case of a coupling coefficient of insulation coefficient of 0.90 or more).
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing characteristics of power factor, power conversion efficiency, and rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to load fluctuation, of the power supply circuit of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the power supply circuit according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the power supply circuit according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the circuit shown in FIG. 17 (in the case where the coupling coefficient of the insulating converter transformer is 0.8 or less).
- FIG. 21 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the circuit shown in Fig. 1 (in the case of coupling coefficient of insulation converter 0.90 or more).
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing characteristics of power factor, power conversion efficiency, and rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to load fluctuation, of the power supply circuit of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the power supply circuit of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply circuit as a prior art ( FIG. 28 shows power factor, power conversion efficiency, rectification for load fluctuation of the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 27). It is a figure which shows the characteristic of a smooth voltage level.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the power factor, the power conversion efficiency, and the rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to the change of the AC input voltage for the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 27.
- FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example of the power supply circuit as the prior art.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing the characteristics of power factor, power conversion efficiency, and rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to load fluctuation in the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 30.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the power factor, the power conversion efficiency, and the rectified smoothed voltage level with respect to the change of the AC input voltage for the power supply circuit shown in FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a switching power supply circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a common mode noise filter which is formed by connecting a common mode coil CC and a single cross capacitor CL, to a commercial AC power supply AC is provided.
- the common mode noise filter suppresses noise transmitted from the switching converter side to the commercial AC power supply AC, for example.
- the power supply circuit of the present embodiment is different from the commercial AC power source AC, a configuration of the power factor improving circuit 3 which is formed to include a rectifier circuit system is connected t the power factor improving circuit 3, illustrated In this way, the bridge rectifier circuit D i, the smoothing capacitor C i, the filter capacitor CN, and the loose coupling transformer VFT (transformer for power factor correction) are formed.
- the positive input terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit Di is connected to the positive line of the commercial AC power supply AC via a series connection of the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT.
- the negative input terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the negative line of the commercial AC power supply AC.
- the positive output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit Di is connected to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor Ci.
- the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i is connected to the primary side ground.
- the positive output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the primary side source.
- the AC input voltage VAC supplied from commercial AC power supply AC is positive Z negative.
- so-called full-wave rectification operation is obtained in which the smoothing capacitor C i is charged by the rectification output rectified by the bridge rectification circuit D i.
- the basic configuration of the rectifier circuit system is a full-wave rectifier circuit consisting of a pair of bridge rectifier circuits and a smoothing capacitor. Then, by the rectification operation of the full-wave rectification circuit, a rectified smoothed voltage E i having a level corresponding to one-half of the AC input voltage VAC is generated at both ends of the smoothing capacitor C i.
- the high speed recovery type (high frequency rectification element) is selected for each of the rectification diodes (rectification elements) Da to Dd forming the bridge rectification circuit Di. This corresponds to the rectification diodes Da to Dd switching the rectification current as an operation to improve the power factor as described later.
- a secondary winding ⁇ ⁇ of the loose coupling transformer V F T is inserted in the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power source A C.
- the secondary winding N12 of the loosely coupled transformer VFT is inserted in series in the rectifier circuit system. Then, as a result, an operation of enlarging the conduction angle of the rectified current flowing in the rectification circuit system is obtained, and the power factor is improved. (Note that the power factor improvement circuit 3 improves the power factor The operation will be described later.
- the loosely coupled transformer VFT has an E-type core in which E-type cores CR 1 and C R 2 made of ferrite material are combined such that the magnetic legs of the two are opposed to each other.
- Povin B which is formed of, for example, a resin or the like, is provided in a form in which the primary and secondary winding parts are divided independently of each other.
- a primary winding Nil is wound around one winding portion of this Povin B.
- the secondary winding N12 is wound around the other winding portion.
- the gap G of the required gap length is formed at the junction of the central magnetic legs, whereby a loose coupling state can be obtained with the required coupling coefficient.
- the gap length of the gap G is set to about 1.5 mm, and the coupling coefficient is set to 0.75 or less. Ru.
- partial voltage resonance occurs at least on the primary side of the basic configuration as a current resonance type converter.
- a configuration is provided as a complex resonant converter including a circuit.
- two switching elements Q1 (high side) and Q2 (low side) are connected by means of MOSFET connection by MOS S-FET.
- damper diodes DDI and DD2 are connected in parallel in the direction shown in the figure.
- a partial resonance capacitor C p is connected in parallel between the drain and source of the switching element Q2.
- the capacitance of the partially resonant capacitor C p and the leakage inductance L 1 of the primary winding N 1 form a parallel resonant circuit (partial voltage resonant circuit).
- partial voltage resonance operation can be obtained, in which voltage resonance occurs only when the switching elements Ql and Q2 are turned off.
- the partial voltage resonance circuit also includes the inductance component L 11 of the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer VFT connected in series with the primary winding N1 of the insulating converter transformer PIT.
- the control IC 2 includes an oscillation circuit, a control circuit, and a protection circuit for driving the current resonance type converter in a separately excited manner, and is a general-purpose analog IC (Integrated Circuit) having a bipolar transistor inside. It is considered as "Circuit”.
- This control IC 2 operates by the DC voltage (18 V) input to the power supply input terminal Vcc. Further, the power supply input terminal Vcc is also connected to the line of the rectified and smoothed voltage E i via the start resistance R s. The controller IC 2 is activated by the rectified smoothed voltage Ei that is input via the activation resistor Rs at the time of power supply activation. In addition, this control I C 2 is grounded to the primary side earth by the earth terminal E. The control IC 2 is provided with two drive signal output terminals VGH and VGL as terminals for outputting a drive signal (gate voltage) to the switching element.
- the drive signal output terminal VGH outputs a drive signal for switching driving the high side switching element
- the drive signal output terminal VGL outputs a drive signal for switching driving the switching element on one side.
- the drive signal for high side output from the drive signal output terminal VGH is applied to the gate of the switching element Q1, and the drive signal for low side output from the drive signal output terminal VGL is a switching element Q2.
- Is applied to the gate of the Although not shown here, in actuality, a bootstrap circuit formed of external parts around the control IC 2 is connected to the control IC 2. The bootstrap circuit is used to shift the level of the drive signal applied to the high side switching element Q 1 so that the switching element Q 1 can be properly driven.
- component elements such as gate resistance and gate-to-source resistance are also connected to the switching elements Ql and Q2, but these are not shown here either.
- the control IC 2 generates an oscillation signal of the required frequency by the internal oscillation circuit. Note that this oscillation circuit is a control circuit as described later.
- the frequency of the oscillation signal is varied according to the level of the control output input from 1 to the terminal V c.
- control IC 2 generates an eight-side drive signal and a low-side drive signal using the oscillation signal generated by the oscillation circuit. Then, the drive signal for the high side is output from the drive signal output terminal VGH, and the drive signal for the single side is output from the drive signal output terminal VGL.
- the drive signal for the high side and the drive signal for the low side have waveforms in which an on period in which a rectangular wave pulse of positive polarity is generated and an off period of 0 V can be obtained in one switching period. Then, after having the above-mentioned waveforms together, they have output timings having a phase difference of 180 ° with each other.
- the switching elements Q 1 and Q 2 perform switching operations in such a way as to alternately turn on and off.
- the switching element Q2 is turned off while the switching element Q1 is turned off and the switching element Q2 is turned on, and the switching element Q1 is turned on.
- a short dead time is formed in which the switching elements Ql and Q2 are both turned off.
- This dead time is a period during which both switching elements Ql and Q2 are turned off.
- This dead time is used as partial voltage resonance operation to ensure that charging / discharging operation can be obtained in the partial resonance capacitor Cp in a short time at the timing when the switching elements Ql and Q2 turn on / off. It is formed for the purpose of doing.
- the time length as such dead time can be set, for example, on the control IC 2 side, and in the control IC 2, the period td is formed by the set time length.
- Drive signal output terminals V GH and VGL vary the duty ratio of the pulse width for the drive signal to be output.
- the insulating converter transformer PIT transmits the switching output of the switching elements Ql and Q2 to the secondary side.
- the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 are wound.
- one end of the primary winding N 1 of the isolation transformer PIT is the primary winding of the loose coupling transformer VFT with respect to the connection point (switching output point) between the source of the switching element Q1 and the drain of the switching element Q2.
- Nil One series resonance capacitor C1 is connected via series connection. Also, the other end of the primary winding N1 is connected to the primary side ground.
- the series resonant capacitor C1 is loosely coupled transformer VF T relative to the switching output point of switching elements Ql and Q2.
- the series circuit of the primary winding Nil-the primary winding N1 of the isolated converter transformer PIT is connected.
- the inductance of the series resonant capacitor C1 the inductance L1 of the isolated converter transformer PIT including the winding N1 and the inductance of the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer VFT.
- the component L11 forms a primary side series resonant circuit. Then, as described above, by connecting this primary side series resonance circuit to the switching output point, the switching output of switching elements Ql and Q2 is transmitted to the primary side series resonance circuit. .
- resonance operation is performed according to the transmitted switching output, whereby the operation of the primary side switching converter becomes current resonance type.
- the power supply circuit shown in this figure takes a form in which a resonance circuit for making the primary side switching converter into a resonance type is combined with other resonance circuits.
- it is configured as a complex resonant converter.
- an EE type core in which an E type core made of a ferrite material is combined is provided. Then, after the armored portion is divided between the primary side and the secondary side, the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 described next are wound around the central magnetic leg of the EE type core. There is.
- the central magnetic leg of the EE type core 1. Omn! It is intended to form a gap of ⁇ 1.5 mm. In this way, it is possible to obtain a loosely coupled state with a coupling coefficient of about 0.7 to 0.8.
- a secondary winding N2 is wound on the secondary side of the isolation converter transformer P IT. An alternating voltage is excited in the secondary winding N2 according to the switching output transmitted to the primary winding N1.
- the secondary winding N2 For the secondary winding N2, as shown in the figure, one center tap is provided and connected to the secondary side ground, and then a double-wave rectification circuit consisting of rectifying diodes D01 and D02 and a smoothing capacitor CO is Connected As a result, the secondary side DC output voltage E0 is obtained as the voltage across the smoothing capacitor CO.
- the secondary side DC output voltage E0 is supplied to the load side (not shown), and is branched and input as a detection voltage for the control circuit 1 described next.
- the control circuit 1 obtains, as a control output, a current or a voltage whose level is changed according to, for example, the level of the DC output voltage E0 on the secondary side. This control output is output to the control terminal V c of the control I C 2.
- control IC 2 according to the control output level input to control terminal V c, the drive signal for high side to be output from drive signal output terminals VGH and VGL and the drive signal for one side are mutually set. It turns on and off alternately to maintain the timing and operates to vary the frequency of each drive signal in synchronization.
- the switching frequency of the switching elements Ql and Q2 is variably controlled in accordance with the control output level (that is, the secondary side DC output voltage level) input to the control terminal Vc.
- the control output level that is, the secondary side DC output voltage level
- the resonant impedance in the primary side series resonant circuit will change.
- the resonance impedance By changing the resonance impedance in this manner, the amount of current supplied to the primary winding N1 of the primary side series resonance circuit changes, and the power transmitted to the secondary side also changes.
- the level of the secondary side DC output voltage E0 changes, and constant voltage control is achieved.
- the AC input voltage VAC is obtained by the cycle shown in FIG. 3 (a)
- the AC input current IAC flowing from the commercial AC power supply AC to the rectified current path is as shown in FIG. 3 (b).
- the alternating current input voltage VAC flows so that it becomes positive Z-negative.
- the potential V2 between the positive input terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit D i and the primary side ground has the waveform shown in Fig. 3 (e).
- the switching output of the primary side switching converter is transmitted to the primary winding Nil.
- an alternating voltage will be generated in the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT. Since the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT is inserted into the rectified current path as described above, depending on the loose coupling transformer VFT, the switching output of the primary side switching converter may be rectified. Thus, an operation of voltage feedback is obtained.
- FIG. 3 (c) (e) as shown in the drawing, alternating waveform components are superimposed in a period other than the conduction period of the AC input voltage I AC. This can be obtained by voltage feedback of the switching output of the primary switching inverter as described above.
- the current I 2 flowing from the line of the commercial AC power supply AC to the secondary winding N12 of the loosely coupled transformer VFT is steady as shown in FIG. 3 (f). It flows as an alternate waveform.
- This current 12 is obtained as a waveform in which the component of the rectified current II of positive polarity is superimposed corresponding to the conduction period of the AC input current I AC with a constant amplitude centered on the 0 level. .
- Rectifying current II is a period from the filter capacitor CN to the commercial AC power supply AC positive electrode within the positive period of the AC input voltage VAC, and the secondary diode N 12-bridge rectifier circuit D i rectification diode Da-smoothing capacitor C i — Primary side ground – Rectification diode Dd ⁇ Current flows in the rectified current path by the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC.
- the rectified output voltage level is lower than the level of the rectified smoothed voltage Ei.
- the charging current to the smoothing capacitor C i is made to flow also during the above period.
- the average waveform of the AC input current is made closer to the waveform of the AC input voltage, as shown in FIG. 3 (b).
- Fig. 4 shows the characteristics of the power supply circuit with the configuration shown in Fig. 1.
- FIG. 5 shows the characteristics of the power supply circuit according to the configuration shown in FIG. 1.
- Insulated converter transformer PIT secondary winding N2 2 3 T + 2 3 T (turn) with center tap split position
- Primary side series resonance capacitor Cl 0. 0 6 8 F
- the power choke coil PCH is omitted, and instead, a loose coupling transformer VFT is provided.
- the power choke coil PCH of the circuit shown in FIG. 27 had a weight of 153 g and an occupied area of the substrate of 11 square cm.
- the weight is 4 8 g, and the power chi yoke coil P CH of the circuit shown in FIG. It has been reduced to about 31%.
- the area occupied by the substrate is 9 square cm, it is reduced to about 82%.
- the power choke coil PCH since the power choke coil PCH is omitted, it is not necessary to consider the influence on the load side of the leakage flux generated by the power choke coil PCH. For this reason, for example, a countermeasure such as applying a magnetic shield plate to the parking coil PCH is not required, which also contributes to the reduction in size and weight of the circuit.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the configuration of a switching power supply circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the same parts as in FIG. 1 are assigned the same reference numerals and explanations thereof will be omitted.
- the parallel resonant capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to the secondary winding N2 of the insulating converter transformer PIT.
- the parallel resonant capacitor C2 forms a secondary side parallel resonant circuit by its own capacitance and the leakage inductance L2 of the secondary winding N2. And, as the capacitance of the parallel resonant capacitor C2, 1 0 0 0 pF to 3 3 0 0 p F is selected. And, depending on the value of capacitance actually selected, this secondary side parallel resonant circuit is a voltage resonant circuit in which the operation of the rectifier circuit on the secondary side is voltage resonant type, or a part for obtaining partial voltage resonant operation It will be formed as a voltage resonant circuit.
- the power supply circuit of the second embodiment adopts a configuration in which a resonant circuit is also provided on the secondary side as a complex resonant converter. In this way, by providing the resonant circuit on the secondary side, it is possible to obtain more stable switching operation and to cope with heavy load conditions.
- the power factor correction circuit 3 of the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 6 has a high speed recovery type rectifying diode (high frequency rectification element) Dl as a component. , D2, D3 have been added. That is, in this case, the rectification diode of the bridge rectification circuit D i does not interrupt the rectification current by switching.
- the rectifier diodes Dl, D2 and D3 are provided as diodes for switching the rectified current in the rectified current path. Also, in this case, the rectification diodes Da to Dd of the bridge rectification circuit D i are The low-speed recovery type (low-frequency rectifier element) will be adopted in response to not switching the rectified current.
- the positive input terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit D i in this case is directly connected to the commercial alternating current power supply AC.
- the positive input terminal of the bridge rectification circuit D i is connected to the positive electrode terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i via the anode-force sword of the rectifying diode D1 from the series connection of the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT. Ru.
- the power diode is connected to the anode of the rectifier diode D1, and the anode is connected to the primary side ground.
- the positive output terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor ci via the anode ⁇ cathode of the rectifier diode D3.
- the filter capacitor CN in this case is inserted between the positive input terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit D i and the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i (the connection point of the anodes of the rectifying diodes D1 and D3).
- the filter capacitor CN is a current path of high frequency components obtained by switching the rectified current flowing as described below.
- the AC input current I AC is from the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC to the bridge rectifier circuit D i
- the first rectification current II is the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC ⁇ rectification diode Da (bridge rectification circuit D i) — rectification diode D 3-smoothing capacitor C i ⁇ rectification diode Dd (bridge rectifier circuit D i) ⁇ flows through the path of the negative pole line of the commercial AC power supply AC.
- the second rectified current 12 branches from the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC, flows along a path of secondary winding ⁇ (loose coupling transformer VFT) ⁇ rectification diode D1, and flows into the smoothing capacitor C i.
- the first rectified current II is the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC ⁇ rectification diode Dc (ridge rectification circuit D i) ⁇ rectification diode D3 ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i ⁇ rectification diode 1 D D (bridge rectifier circuit D i) — Commercial AC power flows in the path of the positive electrode line of AC.
- the second rectified current 12 flows from the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC to the rectification diode Dc (bridge rectification circuit D i) ⁇ rectification diode Dl ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i and then branches to form rectification diode D 2 ⁇ Secondary winding N 12 (Loose coupling transformer VFT) ⁇ Flow in the path of the positive pole line of commercial AC power supply AC.
- the switching output is voltage-fed back by the alternating voltage excited in the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT. Therefore, in the process of flowing the rectified current as described above, the first rectified current II is a fast recovery type rectifying diode D3, and the second rectified current 12 is a fast recovery type rectifying diodes DI, D2 (and D 3) becomes an alternating waveform by switching each.
- the high frequency current component thus obtained as an alternating waveform in the switching cycle is absorbed as it is charged and discharged by the filter capacitor CN, and normal mode noise is suppressed.
- the rectified current being switched and interrupted by the high speed recovery type rectification diodes Dl, D2, and D3, the conduction angle of the ac input current I AC is expanded, and the power factor improvement is improved. It is possible.
- the size and weight of the substrate can be reduced, and the rectification diode D3 inserted between the positive output terminal of the bridge rectification circuit D i and the positive electrode of the smoothing capacitor C i has, for example, an AC input voltage V It operates to switch and flow the rectified current only near the level.
- V It operates to switch and flow the rectified current only near the level.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a voltage doubler rectification circuit is formed as a basic configuration of a current rectification circuit system provided in power factor correction circuit 3. That is, a series circuit of two smoothing capacitors C i 1 and C i 2 connected in series is provided, and the series circuit of the smoothing capacitors C i 1 -C i 2 is connected between the positive output terminal of the bridge rectification circuit D i and the primary side ground. Insert in parallel.
- the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC is connected to the connection point of the smoothing capacitor C i 1 ⁇ C i 2.
- the negative input terminal of the bridge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the positive input terminal of the same bridge rectifier circuit D i to form a bridge rectifier circuit D i in the rectifier current path. To be connected in parallel.
- each rectification diode Da to Dd of the bridge rectification circuit Di in this case is considered to be a high speed recovery type corresponding to switching of the rectification current.
- the voltage doubler rectifier circuit formed in this manner generates a rectified smoothed voltage E i (DC input voltage) corresponding to twice the level of the AC input voltage VAC by the rectification operation as described later.
- E i DC input voltage
- the power factor correction operation of the power factor correction circuit 3 described above will be described with reference to the waveform diagram of FIG.
- the rectification operation of the voltage doubler rectification circuit which is supposed to be included in the power factor correction circuit 3, will be described here.
- the potential VI shown in FIG. 8 (c) becomes positive as shown in the graph.
- This potential VI is a path through which the second rectified current I 2 flows as shown in the figure, and is loosely coupled to the filter capacitor CN in the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC. It is the potential between the connection point of the secondary winding N12 of the VFT and the primary side.
- this second rectified current 12 is an AC input during each positive Z negative period in which the absolute value of the AC input voltage VAC is higher than the absolute value of the potential VI shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 8 (c). It flows based on the current I AC. As shown in FIG. 8 (e), the second rectified current 12 flows in the form of an alternating waveform as shown in FIG. 8 due to the positive Z-negative polarity during the positive / negative periods of the AC input voltage VAC.
- the second rectified current I 2 is a secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT through the filter capacitor CN through the positive AC line of the commercial AC power supply AC.
- the parallel circuit of the rectification diode Da // Dc of the bridge rectification circuit D i ( and the current through the parallel circuit of the rectification diode Da ⁇ Dc is smoothed as a first rectification current I 1). It flows into the positive electrode terminal-negative electrode terminal of capacitor C i 1, and further from the negative electrode line of commercial AC power supply AC into filter capacitor CN.
- the second rectified current flows from the filter capacitor CN to the positive electrode terminal-negative electrode terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 2 via the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC. Furthermore, the current flows to the rectifier diode Db of the bridge rectifier circuit D i so as to pass through the primary side ground. Then, the rectified current I 2 that has passed through the rectifying diode Db flows into the filter capacitor CN from the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC via the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT.
- the smoothing capacitor C i 1 is performed during a period in which the AC input voltage VAC has a positive polarity. 1 to the A rectified and smoothed voltage at a level equal to the flow input voltage V AC can be obtained. Similarly, since the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is charged while the AC input voltage V AC is negative, the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is also equal in level to the AC input voltage V AC. A rectified and smoothed voltage is obtained.
- the second rectified current 12 is only in a period in which the AC input voltage VAC has a positive polarity, it flows in the parallel circuit (D a // D c) of the rectifying diodes.
- the rectification diode of the bridge rectification circuit Di obtains an operation of switching the rectification current. That is, as understood from the rectification current path described above, during the period in which the AC input voltage V AC has a positive polarity, the rectification diodes Da and Dc switch the rectification current to perform intermittent operation, and as a result, As shown in Fig. (D) and (e), the first rectified current II and the second rectified current 12 flow in the rectified current path in an alternating waveform according to the switching cycle.
- the rectification diode Db switches the rectified current to obtain an intermittent operation, as shown in FIG. 8 (e), depending on the negative polarity direction. It will be a flowing alternating waveform.
- Isolated converter transformer PIT primary winding Nl 3 5 T Insulating comparator transformer PIT secondary winding N2: 25 T + 25 T (evening) with one center tap divided
- the power choke coil PCH is not provided but a loose coupling transformer VFT is provided. It is the case of the circuit shown in c 3 0 Figure that would have, in order to cope with heavier load condition, the weight of Pawa one choke coil PCH is 2 4 0 g, occupied substrate area 1 It was 9 square cm. On the other hand, in the circuit shown in FIG. 7, the total weight of the loose coupling transformer VFT and the filter capacitor CN is 48 g and the occupation area of the loose coupling transformer VFT is 9 square cm. The weight is reduced to about 20%, and the occupied area is reduced to about 47%.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the configuration of a power supply circuit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the rectified smoothed voltage E i obtained across the series connected smoothing capacitors C i 1 -C i 2 has a level corresponding to twice the AC input voltage VAC. .
- a low speed recovery type is selected for the rectification diodes Da to Dd forming the bridge rectification circuit Di shown in FIG. 11, a low speed recovery type is selected. That is, in this case, the rectification diode is not switched by the rectification diode of the bridge rectification circuit Di by switching. Then, in the rectification current path, high speed recovery type rectification diodes Dl and D2 are provided as diodes for switching the rectification current.
- the rectifier diode D2 has its anode connected to the primary side ground and is connected to the power source of the rectifier diode D2.
- the negative input terminal of the bridge rectification circuit Di in this case is also connected to the positive input terminal of the same bridge rectification circuit Di, so that a rectification diode is formed in the rectification current path formed as described later.
- a parallel circuit of Da // Dc is formed.
- the rectified current during the period when the AC input voltage VAC has a positive polarity is from the line of the commercial AC power supply AC, Rectifying diode Da ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i 1 ⁇ commercial
- the rectification diode Da since the rectification diode Da does not perform switching, the first rectification current I 1 does not form an alternating waveform, but the rectification diode is excited by the alternating waveform excited in the secondary winding ⁇ of the loose coupling transformer V FT. As D1 performs switching, the second rectified current I2 has an alternating waveform.
- the rectified current flows from the negative electrode line side of the commercial AC power supply AC to the smoothing capacitor C i 2 first. Then, after this, the path of the positive electrode line of the rectification diode Db ⁇ commercial AC power supply AC, the secondary winding N12 of the rectification diode D 2 ⁇ loose coupling transformer VFT ⁇ the path of the commercial AC power supply AC positive electrode line-filter capacitor CN It branches and flows. The rectified current flowing through the latter path is the second rectified current 12 in this case.
- the rectifying diode Db since the rectifying diode Db does not perform switching, the rectifying current flowing in the former path does not have an alternating waveform.
- the second rectification current I 1 flowing through the latter path is switched to the alternating waveform by the switching of the rectifying diode D2.
- the rectified current is applied to the required rectification diode of the bridge rectification circuit D i in each period when the AC input voltage V AC becomes positive polarity / negative polarity.
- the flow path and the flow path of the fast recovery type rectification diode D1 or D2 form a flow path portion branched in parallel.
- the rectified current flowing in the path of the fast recovery type rectification diode D1 or D2 is switched by these rectification diodes D1 or D2.
- the conduction angle of the AC input current I AC is expanded to improve the power factor, as described above.
- the smoothing capacitor C i 1 is also charged in the period in which the AC input voltage V AC is positive also in the power supply circuit shown in FIG. While the AC input voltage VAC is negative, the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is charged.
- the parallel resonant capacitor C 2 also has a voltage resonant circuit or a portion in which the operation of the rectifier circuit on the secondary side is a voltage resonant type by its own capacitance and the leakage inductance L 2 of the secondary winding N 2.
- a partial voltage resonant circuit is formed to obtain voltage resonant operation.
- Such a secondary side parallel resonant circuit may be provided in the power supply circuit of the first and third embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 7. It is also conceivable to provide, for example, a secondary side series resonant circuit (current resonant circuit) formed by connecting a resonant capacitor in series to the secondary winding N2.
- FIG. 12 shows the configuration of a power supply circuit as a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the drive control circuit 4 is shown. This corresponds to, for example, the control circuit 1 provided in the circuit diagram of the power supply circuit of each embodiment described above.
- the control IC 2 and the control IC 2 are shown together as one circuit unit.
- a full-wave rectification circuit is formed, which is composed of a bridge rectification circuit Di and one smoothing capacitor C i.
- the circuit configuration for power factor correction with rectifier diodes D1 and D2 and loose coupling transformer VFT is added.
- the low speed recovery type is selected for each of the rectification diodes Da to Dd forming the bridge rectification circuit Di.
- the positive input terminal (connection point of Da-Db) of the bridge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the connection point of the common mode choke coil CMC and the filter capacitor CN on the positive electrode line side of the commercial AC power supply AC. Connected.
- the positive input terminal of the bridge rectification circuit D i is a smoothing capacitor via a series connection of a secondary winding N12 of a loosely coupled transformer V FT for power factor correction and a rectification diode D1 (anode-cascode). It is also connected to the positive electrode terminal of C i (positive electrode line of rectified smoothed voltage E i). This can be viewed as that the series connection of the secondary winding N12-rectification diode D1 of the loose coupling transformer VFT is connected in parallel to the rectification diode Da of the bridge rectification circuit Di.
- the positive output terminal (the connection point of Da-Dc) of the bridge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i.
- the negative input terminal (the connection point of Dc-Dd) of the bridge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the connection point of the common mode choke coil CMC and the filter capacitor CN on the negative electrode line side of the commercial AC power supply AC. .
- the negative output terminal of the precharge rectifier circuit D i is connected to the primary side ground.
- a power seed of the rectification diode D2 is connected to a connection point between the secondary winding N 12 of the loose coupling transformer V F T and the anode of the rectification diode D1.
- the anode of the rectifier diode D2 is connected to the primary side ground.
- the rectified current is the positive pole of commercial AC power supply AC line-rectifying diode Da ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i -rectifying diode D d ⁇ commercial AC power supply AC component of the first rectification current flowing through the rectified current path of the negative electrode line, commercial AC power supply AC positive electrode line ⁇ loose coupling transformer VFT secondary winding ⁇ ⁇ rectification diode Dl ⁇ Smoothing capacitor C i ⁇ Rectifying diode Dd ⁇ Commercial AC power supply AC negative electrode line ⁇ Filter capacitor Branches to the component of the second rectifying current flowing through the rectifying current path of the CN.
- the rectification diodes Da and Dd that perform rectification in the rectification current path through which the first rectification current flows are low speed recovery type, and switching operation by the switching cycle is not performed. Therefore, the first rectified current does not have an alternating waveform.
- the alternating voltage excited in the secondary winding N 12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT can provide an operation of switching the rectified current in the rectification diode D1.
- the second rectified current flows into the smoothing capacitor C i as an alternating waveform.
- the rectified current is from the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC ⁇ rectifying diode Dc ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i—Rectification diode Db—commercial AC power supply AC positive electrode line
- the rectifying diodes Dc and Db that rectify the first rectifying current during the period in which the AC input voltage VAC has a negative polarity are low speed recovery type and switching operation is not performed, the first rectifying current has an alternating waveform and It must not be.
- the second rectification current is switched by the high-speed recovery type rectification diode D 2 that performs switching operation by the alternating voltage excited in the secondary winding N 1 of the loose coupling transformer VFT. , It will be an alternating waveform.
- the switching factor is also fed back by loosely coupled transformer VFT in each period when AC input voltage VAC has positive polarity / negative polarity as power factor correction circuit 3 of the power supply circuit shown in FIG.
- the rectified current is switched according to to form an alternating waveform.
- the conduction angle of the AC input current I AC is expanded to improve the power factor.
- the loosely coupled transformer VFT provided in the power supply circuit of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 12 may have the structure shown in FIG. 2 first.
- the gap length formed in the central magnetic leg of the EE type core of the loose coupling transformer VFT is about 1 mm, and the primary winding N 11 and the secondary winding
- the coupling coefficient of the line N12 is set to be about 0.8.
- the gap length is set to about 1.5 mm so that the coupling coefficient is less than or equal to 0.75.
- the change of the coupling coefficient of the loose coupling transformer VFT in the present embodiment is associated with the coupling coefficient set in the isolation converter transformer P IT. This point will be described.
- the coupling coefficient between the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 side of the insulating converter transformer PIT is, as in the case of each of the previous embodiments, 0.
- the equivalent circuit is shown in Fig. 14 when the state of the loose coupling is set by the coupling coefficient of 7 to 0.8.
- the inductance (LN11) of the primary winding N 11 of the loose coupling transformer VFT should be shown as a series connection of the excitation inductance Lei 1 and the leakage inductance Lkll in the primary winding Nil. Can.
- the inductance (LN1) of the primary winding N1 of the insulating converter transformer PIT can be shown as a series connection of the excitation inductance Lei and the leakage inductance Lkl in the primary winding N1.
- the inductance of the isolation comparator transformer PIT viewed from the primary side is the excitation inductance Lell in the primary winding Nil, leakage inductance Lkll in the primary winding Nil, It will be expressed as a series connection of leakage inductance Lkl in the primary winding N1. Therefore, as shown in Fig.15, the equivalent leakage inductance seen from the primary side of the isolation comparator transformer PIT is Lkll + Lkl
- the coupling coefficient between the primary side and the secondary side when viewed as the entire power supply circuit is 0.8 or less.
- the coupling coefficient in the power supply circuit is 0.8 or less, when the load power fluctuates significantly, the DC input voltage rises and the voltage fluctuation characteristic is growing.
- E i DC input voltage
- the switching element (Q1, Q2), and the primary side series resonant capacitor C1, etc. it is necessary to select the corresponding high withstand voltage products. For example, if the weight of the circuit board is increased as the size of the component element increases, the cost increases.
- the ON resistance of the switching element as the MOS-FET increases as the light load condition is in particular, and the switching loss is Also increase. As a result, the AC / DC power conversion efficiency also decreases.
- the fact that the DC input voltage rises in response to the light load means that the fluctuation range of the DC input voltage is large, but this expands the switching frequency control range for constant voltage conversion. Control range is reduced.
- the secondary side DC output voltage that is subjected to stabilization control simultaneously the transient response characteristics between the maximum load and the light load may be degraded.
- the isolated converter transformer PIT alone is configured to obtain a coupling coefficient of 0.90 or more.
- the insulating converter transformer PIT As the structure of the insulating converter transformer PIT, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, it has an EE type core in which E-type cores CR 11 and CR 12 made of ferrite material are combined such that their magnetic legs face each other. .
- Povin B which is formed of, for example, a resin or the like, is provided in a form in which the primary side and secondary side sheath parts are divided independently of each other.
- a primary winding N1 is wound around one winding portion of the povin B, and a secondary winding N2 is wound around the other winding portion.
- the povin B in which the primary winding and the secondary winding are wound in this manner, to the EE type core (CR 1 1, CR 1 2), the primary side winding and the secondary side winding can be obtained.
- Each different winding area is in the state of being wound around the central magnetic leg of the EE-type core. ⁇ Thereby, the structure as the whole insulating transformer PIT is obtained.
- the gap length of the gap G formed at the joint portion of the central magnetic leg by setting the gap length of the gap G formed at the joint portion of the central magnetic leg, a coupling coefficient of 0.90 or more can be obtained.
- FIG. 15 An equivalent circuit of the power supply circuit of FIG. 12 is shown in FIG. 15 when the coupling coefficient of the isolation converter transformer P IT is set to 0.90 or more in this way.
- Secondary winding N2 A coupling coefficient of 0.93 was obtained by setting 14T + 14T as the dividing position for the sensor 1 tap.
- Inductor inductance LN1 3 1 9 H of the primary winding N1 of the insulation converter transformer P I T
- Insulating compound transformer P I T secondary winding N 2 inductance LN 2 1 1 1 H
- the inductance values were obtained.
- a coupling coefficient of about 0.8 is used, but in practice, with the EE-28 ferrite core, the gap length is set to 1 mm. Assuming that the coupling coefficient is 0.79,
- the coupling coefficient of the entire circuit shown as the equivalent circuit of FIG. 15 is 0.84 as the power supply circuit of the configuration shown in FIG.
- Coupling coefficients greater than 80 are to be obtained.
- the primary side series resonant capacitor C 1 is not limited to 0.0 3
- the fluctuation range is sufficiently suppressed. That is, by maintaining the coupling coefficient of the entire circuit above the required value (eg, 0.8 or more), the rectified smoothed voltage E i (DC input voltage) is significantly increased according to the light load condition. The phenomenon of rising is no longer occurring.
- the level fluctuation range of the rectified smoothed voltage E i is suppressed, so that, for example, the rated voltage of the AC input voltage can be obtained as the power supply circuit shown in FIG.
- the withstand pressure of smoothing capacitor C i, switching element (Q l, Q 2), and primary side series resonant capacitor C 1 etc. It does not have to be expensive. This makes it possible to reduce the size, weight and cost of the circuit board.
- the decrease in AC / DC power conversion efficiency is also suppressed. Further, by suppressing the fluctuation range of the DC input voltage under the light load condition, the constant voltage control level width relative to the switching frequency control range becomes relatively small. In other words, the switching frequency control range is relatively expanded, and this improves the regulation range as well. Also, along with this, the transient response characteristics between the maximum load and the light load when stabilizing the secondary side DC output voltage will be improved.
- the coupling coefficient is set to 0.8 or less, about 33 T is required for the number of windings of the primary winding N 1.
- the number of evenings is reduced, which reduces the cost of the wire as a winding for the continuous converter transformer PIT per unit.
- the wire rod for example, a 6 0 ⁇ / 1 50 bundle of slit wire is selected.
- the time for the winding process is also shortened, which leads to the improvement of manufacturing efficiency.
- the power supply circuit of the fifth embodiment is also shown in FIG.
- a parallel resonant capacitor C 2 is connected in parallel to the secondary winding N 2 of the insulating converter transformer PIT.
- the parallel resonant capacitor C 2 in this case is also to form a secondary side parallel resonant circuit by its own capacitance and the leakage inductance L 2 of the secondary winding N 2. And, depending on the value of the capacitance of the parallel resonant capacitor C 2 actually selected, this secondary side parallel resonant circuit is a voltage resonant circuit or partial voltage that makes the operation of the rectifier circuit on the secondary side a voltage resonant type. It is formed as a partial voltage resonance circuit for obtaining pressure resonance operation.
- the power factor improvement circuit 3 has a circuit configuration shown in FIG. 1 instead of the configuration shown in FIG.
- the circuit configuration is the same as that of FIG. 1, but the coupling coefficient of the isolation converter transformer PIT and the loose coupling transformer VFT is set as described above, and the fifth embodiment is implemented.
- the power supply circuit of the configuration as shown in FIG. 1 is the same as that of FIG. 1, but the coupling coefficient of the isolation converter transformer PIT and the loose coupling transformer VFT is set as described above, and the fifth embodiment is implemented.
- the coupling coefficient between the power factor improving transformer and the insulating converter transformer is set so that the required coupling coefficient can be obtained for the entire circuit.
- the isolation coupling transformer is required coupling coefficient that is not loose coupling
- the power supply circuit according to the sixth embodiment is based on the configuration of the power supply circuit according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 shows a configuration example of a power supply circuit as a sixth embodiment.
- each figure showing the configuration as the power supply circuit of the first to fifth embodiments (FIG. 1, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 11, FIG. 11, etc.)
- FIG. 1, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 11, FIG. 11, etc. The same parts as those in FIG.
- the rectifier circuit D i comprises low-speed recovery type rectifier diodes D a and D b.
- the anode of the rectifier diode D a is a commercial AC power supply AC positive
- the power line is connected to the connection point of the common mode choke coil CMC and the filter capacitor CN on the pole line side, and the power saw is connected to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C il (the positive electrode line of the rectified smoothed voltage E i) .
- the anode of the rectifier diode Db is connected to the primary side ground, and the power source is connected to the anode of the rectifier diode Da.
- the smoothing capacitor comprises two series connected smoothing capacitors C i 1 1 C i 2.
- the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 1 is connected to the power source of the rectifying diode Da as described above.
- the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is connected to the primary side ground.
- the connection point between the negative terminal of smoothing capacitor C i 1 and the positive terminal of smoothing capacitor C i is connected to the connection point of common mode choke coil CMC and filtering capacitor CN on the negative electrode line side of commercial AC power supply AC. Be done.
- power factor correction circuit 3 the connection point of common mode choke coil CMC and filter capacitor CN on the positive electrode line side of commercial AC power supply AC, and the positive terminal of smoothing capacitor C i 1 (positive voltage of rectified smoothed voltage E i And a series circuit of a secondary winding ⁇ of a loose coupling transformer VFT and a high-speed recovery type rectifier diode D1.
- the anode of the rectifying diode D1 is connected to the secondary winding N12, and the power source is connected to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i1.
- the power recovery node of high speed recovery type rectification diode D2 is connected to the connection point of the anode of rectification diode D1 and secondary winding N12 of loose coupling transformer VFT, and the anode is connected to the primary side ground. Be done.
- the rectifying diode Da ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i 1 ⁇ commercial AC power supply The first rectified current is obtained by the path of the negative electrode line of AC ( Also, from the positive electrode line of commercial AC power supply AC, secondary winding of loosely coupled transformer VFT ⁇ R2 diode D1 ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i 1 ⁇ commercial AC power supply negative electrode line of AC ⁇ filter capacitor second rectification flowing through the path of CN A current is obtained.
- the first rectification current does not form an alternating waveform.
- the second rectification current is The high-speed recovery type rectifier diode D1 is switched on and off according to the alternating voltage obtained in the secondary winding N 12 and flows into the smoothing capacitor C i 1 as an alternating waveform.
- the rectified current is from the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC, and the path of smoothing capacitor C i 2 ⁇ rectification diode Db Smoothing capacitor C i 2 ⁇ Rectifying diode D 2 ⁇ Separating coupled transformer VFT secondary winding N 12 ⁇ Commercial AC power AC positive electrode line-Fill from the first rectification current that flows and from the negative electrode line side of commercial AC power AC Evening capacitor Branches to the second rectification current flowing in the path of CN.
- the low-speed recovery type rectifier diode Db does not perform switching operation, and the first rectified current does not form an alternating waveform, while the second rectified current does not form a loosely coupled transformer VF.
- the application of the alternating voltage obtained to the secondary winding N12 of T is interrupted by the rectifying diode D2 switching operation, and flows into the smoothing capacitor C i 2 as an alternating waveform.
- the rectification current is the required rectification voltage of the rectification circuit Di.
- a path portion flowing in parallel is formed by the path flowing through the gate and the path flowing through the high speed recovery type rectification diode D1 or D2.
- the rectification current flowing in the path on the rectification diode D1 or D2 side is switched by the rectification diode D1 or D2.
- the smoothing capacitor C i 1 is charged while the AC input voltage VAC has a positive polarity, and the smoothing capacitor is charged while the AC input voltage VAC has a negative polarity. Charging for sensor C i 2 is performed. Therefore, in this case as well, a voltage doubler that generates rectified smoothed voltage Ei corresponding to twice the level of AC input voltage VAC as the voltage across the series connection of smoothing capacitors C i 1 -C i 2. An action has been obtained.
- the coupling coefficient between the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 side of the insulating converter transformer PIT is 0.70 to 0.8.
- the equivalent circuit in the case of setting the state of loose coupling by the degree of coupling coefficient is as shown in FIG.
- the inductance (LN11) of the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer VFT is shown as a series connection of the excitation inductance Lell and the leakage inductance Lkll at the primary winding Nil.
- the inductance (L 1) of the primary winding N1 of the insulating converter transformer PIT is shown as a series connection of the excitation inductance Lei and the leakage inductance Lkl in the primary winding N1.
- the primary winding N1 of the isolated converter transformer PIT and the primary of the loose coupling transformer V FT Winding Nil is connected in series in the primary side series resonant circuit.
- the leakage inductance of the primary winding N1 viewed from the isolation comparator transformer PIT side is the leakage inductance Lkll in the primary winding Nil and that in the primary winding N1. It will be expressed as a series connection of leakage inductance Lkl.
- the leakage inductance of the primary winding N1 of the isolation comparator transformer PIT in this case is, as in the case of FIG.
- the coupling coefficient between the primary side and the secondary side when viewed as a whole of the power supply circuit also becomes 0.8 or less.
- the isolated converter transformer PIT alone is configured to obtain a coupling coefficient of 0.90 or more.
- the structure of the insulating converter transformer PIT for this purpose is, for example, as shown in FIG. 13. Therefore, the description here is omitted.
- the coupling coefficient of the insulating converter transformer PIT is 0.90
- the equivalent circuit of the power supply circuit of FIG. 17 in the case of the above setting is as shown in FIG. 21.
- Secondary winding N 2 A coupling coefficient of 0.93 was obtained by setting the center turn as the division position to 14 T + 1 4 T.
- Isolation converter inductance P1 I Primary winding N1 leakage inductance LK1 49
- Isolation converter transformer P2 Secondary winding N2 inductance LN2 1 1 1 H
- Insulating combination inverter transformer P I T secondary winding N2 rewiring inductance LK 2 1 7 H
- the coupling coefficient of the entire circuit shown as the equivalent circuit of FIG. 21 is 0.84 and a coupling coefficient larger than 0.80 is obtained. It is supposed to be
- FIG. 22 shows an AC input voltage VAC 2 1 0 as an experimental result of the power supply circuit of FIG. 17 having a coupling coefficient of 0.8 4 as the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- 0. 0 2 is selected for the primary side series resonant capacitor C 1.
- the change in the curve in the load fluctuation range which is considered to be a light load, is gradual, and the load condition is considered to be a light load. Indicates that the decrease in power conversion efficiency is suppressed.
- the withstand voltage of the smoothing capacitor C i, the switching element (Ql, Q2), and the primary side series resonant capacitor C1 is high. There is no need to make the circuit board smaller, lighter and cheaper.
- the decrease in AC / DC power conversion efficiency under light load conditions is also suppressed.
- the rise of DC input voltage under light load conditions is suppressed, and the control range for voltage regulation by switching frequency control is expanded, and the maximum value for stabilization control of secondary side DC output voltage is obtained. Transient response characteristics between load and light load are also improved.
- FIG. 18 shows the configuration of a modification of the first example.
- the operation of the rectifier circuit on the secondary side is performed by connecting a parallel resonant capacitor C 2 in parallel to the secondary winding N 2 of the insulating converter transformer PIT.
- a voltage resonance circuit of voltage resonance type or a secondary side parallel resonance circuit as a partial voltage resonance circuit for obtaining partial voltage resonance operation is formed.
- the rectifier circuit D i which is formed to include the low-speed discharge type rectifier diodes D a and D b is omitted.
- the fast recoil-type rectifying diode D 1 all components of the rectified current in the period when the AC input voltage VAC is negative.
- the fast recovery type rectification diode D 2 is switched by the fast recovery type rectification diode D 2 to form an alternating waveform.
- FIG. 19 shows the configuration of a modification as the second example.
- the power factor correction circuit 3 shown in this figure also includes two high speed recovery type rectification diodes D 1 and D 2 and two smoothing capacitors C i 1 and C i 2.
- the connection form is different.
- the smooth side of the connection point between the common mode coil coil CMC and the filter capacitor CN on the positive electrode line side of the commercial AC power supply AC is used.
- the negative terminal of the capacitor C i 2 is connected.
- the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is connected to the connection point between the anode of the rectifier diode D1 and the force sword of the rectifier diode D2 via the series connection of the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer V FT. Ru.
- the power source of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 1 and the anode of the rectifier diode D2 is connected to the connection point of the common mode choke coil CMC and the filter capacitor CN on the negative line side of the commercial AC power supply AC.
- connection point between the common mode choke coil CMC and the filter capacitor CN on the negative electrode line side of the commercial AC power supply AC is connected to the primary side ground and is at the ground potential.
- the negative terminal of 2 is connected to the primary side ground.
- the series connection circuit of the switching elements Ql and Q2 in the latter stage is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor C i 1. That is, the DC input voltage (rectified smoothed voltage E i) in this case is obtained as the voltage across the smoothing capacitor C i 1.
- the operation of the power factor correction circuit 3 in such a configuration is as follows. First, during the period when the AC input voltage VAC is negative, the rectified current is from the negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC, and the rectifier diode D2 ⁇ loose coupling transformer V FT secondary winding N 12-smoothing capacitor C i 2 ⁇ It flows in the path of the negative electrode line of commercial AC power supply AC.
- the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is: AC input voltage VAC
- VAC AC input voltage
- the alternating current excited is applied to the secondary winding ⁇ of the loose coupling transformer VFT to perform switching operation and intermittent operation of the rectified current.
- the rectified current is an alternating waveform of the switching cycle. The high frequency component of this switching cycle is absorbed as it flows through the filter capacitor CN in the above-mentioned rectified current path.
- the rectified current is from the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC, and the smoothing capacitor C i 2 —sparse coupling transformer VFT secondary winding N 12 ⁇ rectification
- the diode D 1 ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i 1 ⁇ commercial AC power supply AC flows through the negative electrode line (primary side ground).
- the alternating voltage excited in the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT is applied to the rectification diode D1, and in the rectification diode D1, the operation of switching the rectification current is performed. Will be obtained.
- the rectified current is switched by the switching output which is voltage-fed back by the loose coupling transformer VFT in each period of the AC input voltage VAC being positive Z negative.
- power factor improvement operation has been obtained.
- the secondary side parallel resonant circuit shown in FIG. 18 as a modification example has a configuration as the power factor improvement circuit 3 shown in FIG. 17 or 19 for example. t ie those that may be provided for each power supply circuit as a form, a secondary-side parallel resonant circuit can be added without having to go through is limited to the configuration of the power factor improving circuit 3.
- FIG. 23 shows a configuration example of a power supply circuit according to a seventh embodiment.
- the same parts as those in each figure showing the configuration as the power supply circuit of the first to fifth embodiments are assigned the same reference numerals and explanation thereof is omitted.
- the power factor correction circuit 3 shown in this figure first, one filter capacitor CN is connected by the same connection mode as the power factor correction 3 of the power supply circuit of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG.
- a bridge rectification circuit D i consisting of low speed recovery type rectification diodes D a to D d and two high speed recovery type rectification diodes D 1 and D 2 are connected.
- two smoothing capacitors C i1 and C i 2 are provided as the smoothing capacitors for generating the rectified and smoothed voltage E i (DC input voltage).
- the smoothing capacitors C i 1 and C i 2 are connected in series as shown in the figure, and then the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 1 is rectified and the positive output terminal of the bridge rectification circuit D i of the smoothed voltage E i It is connected to the connection point of the rectifier diode D 1, and the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is connected to the primary side ground.
- the junction of the negative terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 1 and the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor C i 2 connected in series is a common mode choke coil CMC on the negative electrode line side of the commercial AC power supply AC via a switch S. It is connected to the connection point of the filter capacitor CN.
- a circuit unit for switching control of the switch S is not shown in FIG. 23, but for example, a relay switch is used for the switch S. Then, by detecting the level of the AC input voltage VAC and driving the electromagnetic relay according to the detection result, a circuit unit configured to switch the above-mentioned switch S may be provided.
- the voltage doubler rectification is performed as follows. A circuit is formed.
- the fast recovery type rectification diode D1 switches the second rectification current by the alternating voltage excited in the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling lance VFT. You get an action. That is, the second rectified current has an alternating waveform.
- the rectified current is as follows: the negative electrode line of commercial alternating current power supply AC ⁇ ⁇ switch S ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i 2 ⁇ rectification diode D b — commercial AC power supply AC positive electrode line
- the first rectified current flows from the negative pole line of commercial AC power supply AC via switch S, smoothing capacitor C i 2 ⁇ rectification diode D 2 ⁇ loose coupling transformer V FT secondary winding N12 ⁇ commercial AC power supply AC positive pole line —The second rectified current flows in the path of the capacitor CN.
- the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is charged by the first rectified current and the second rectified current, so that the voltage across the smoothing capacitor C i 2 also has a level corresponding to one-half of the AC input voltage VAC. DC voltage can be obtained.
- the fast recovery type rectification diode D2 is excited by the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT.
- the second rectified current has an alternating waveform.
- the second rectified current is switched by the fast recovery type rectification diode D1 or D2 to flow in an alternating waveform.
- the conduction angle of the alternating current input current I AC is expanded to improve the power factor.
- the second rectified current is switched by the high-speed leakage type rectifier diodes Dl and D2 in both positive and negative periods of the AC input voltage VAC. Motion is obtained, and power factor can be improved.
- the coupling coefficient between the primary winding N1 and the secondary winding N2 side of the insulating converter transformer PIT is 0.70 to 0.8.
- the equivalent circuit when the state of loose coupling is set by the coupling coefficient of degree is as shown in FIG. 20 described above. Therefore, as a practical example of leakage inductance of primary winding N1 of isolated converter transformer PIT in this case, Lkll + Lkl
- the coupling coefficient between the primary side and the secondary side when viewed as a whole of the power supply circuit also becomes 0.8 or less.
- the power supply circuit of the seventh embodiment is configured such that a coupling coefficient of 0.90 or more can be obtained by the isolated converter transformer PIT alone, for example, as described above with reference to FIG. Will be done.
- the series connection of the primary winding N1 of the insulating converter transformer PIT and the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer VFT is the same as the primary winding of the insulating converter transformer PIT.
- One leakage inductance component (Lkll + LKl) can be viewed as being connected in series between the excitation inductance Lei of the wire N1 and the excitation inductance Lell of the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer VFT. .
- the actual practice of the insulating combination transformer PIT in the power supply circuit of the seventh embodiment is the same as that of the sixth embodiment described above.
- the coupling coefficient of 0.93 was obtained.
- the inductance LN1 of the primary winding N1 of the insulating converter transformer PIT, the inductance LN2 of the leakage inductance LKK and the secondary winding N2, and the leakage inductance L for the secondary winding N2 are also the same values as described in the sixth embodiment. Is obtained.
- a coupling coefficient of 0.75 is obtained by using the same actual configuration as in the case of the sixth embodiment, also as the loose coupling transformer VFT.
- loose connection for the inductance LN11 of the primary winding Nil of the combined transformer VFT and the inductance LN12 of the secondary winding N12 the same values as in the sixth embodiment were obtained.
- the coupling coefficient of the entire circuit shown as the equivalent circuit of FIG. 21 is 0.84 and a coupling coefficient larger than 0.80 can be obtained. It has become.
- 0.22 2 / F is selected for the primary side series resonant capacitor C1.
- the fluctuation range is 19 V.
- the change in the curve in the load fluctuation range considered to be light load is gradual, and the power under the load condition considered to be light load It indicates that the reduction of conversion efficiency or the improvement of power conversion efficiency is achieved.
- load power P o 1 0 0 W to 2 5 0 W and PF> 0. 5 5 is maintained. Even if the power supply harmonic distortion regulation clear.
- FIG. 24 shows a modification of the power supply circuit according to the seventh embodiment.
- the same parts as in FIG. 23 are assigned the same reference numerals and explanation thereof is omitted.
- the high speed recovery type rectification diodes Dl and D2 shown in FIG. 23 are deleted. Instead, in this case, high-speed recovery types are selected for the rectification diodes Da to Dd that form the bridge rectification circuit Di.
- connection point of the smoothing capacitor C i 1 1 C i 2 in this case is connected to the terminal t 2 of the relay switch S 1.
- the relay switch S 1 is a so-called two-contact switch, and is switched by an electromagnetic relay RL described later such that the terminal t 1 is alternatively connected to either of the terminals t 2 and t 3. Is done.
- one end of the secondary winding ⁇ of the loose coupling transformer VFT is connected to the positive electrode line of the rectified smooth voltage E i (DC input voltage).
- the other end is connected to the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC and to the positive electrode input terminal of the bridge rectification circuit Di.
- the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer VFT in this case is formed to be divided into the winding portions N11A and N11B through the taps. roll
- the end of the wire section NllA is connected to the switching output point via a series resonant capacitor C1.
- the connection point of ridgeline NllA and N11B is
- the release switch S2 is also a switch with two contacts, and is switched by the electromagnetic relay RL such that the terminal t1 is alternatively connected to either the terminal t2 or t3.
- a rectifier circuit switching module 5 is provided as a circuit unit for driving the relay RL.
- a direct-current voltage obtained by a half-wave rectification circuit consisting of a diode D10 and a capacitor C10 is inputted as a detection voltage to the terminal T14 of the rectification circuit switching module 5 in this case. Since this half-wave rectifier circuit (D10, C10) is designed to perform rectification operation by inputting commercial AC power supply AC, the rectifier circuit switching module 5 detects the level of the AC input voltage VAC. .
- an electromagnetic relay is connected between the terminals T 12 and T 13 of the rectifier circuit switching module 5.
- the electromagnetic relay RL is driven to switch the relay switch SI and S2. Ru.
- the terminals t 1 for the re-race switches S 1 and S 2 Drive the electromagnetic relay RL so that one t 2 is connected.
- a voltage doubler rectifier circuit is formed in the power factor correction circuit 3. That is, in a period in which the AC input voltage VAC has a positive polarity, the positive electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC ⁇ rectification diode Da ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i 1 ⁇ (relay switch S 1) ⁇ negative electrode line of the commercial AC power supply AC (filter A rectified current flows through the path of capacitor CN).
- the commercial AC power supply AC positive electrode line-sparse coupling lance VFT secondary winding N12 ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i ⁇ ⁇ (relay switch S 1)-commercial AC power supply AC negative electrode line (filter capacitor CN)
- the current also flows through this path (
- the smoothing capacitor C i 1 is charged by the above-mentioned rectified current, and the voltage across the smoothing capacitor C i 1 is equal to the AC input voltage VAC.
- Level DC voltage is obtained.
- the secondary winding N12 of the loosely coupled transformer VFT is inserted as described above, an alternating voltage of switching cycle is superimposed on this rectified current path, and the first rectified current can be recovered at high speed.
- the alternating waveform is generated by switching by the rectifier diode Da.
- the negative electrode line of commercial AC power supply AC ⁇ (relay switch S 1) ⁇ smoothing capacitor C i 2 ⁇ rectification diode Dc ⁇ commercial AC power supply AC positive electrode line (filter condenser The rectified current flows through the path of
- the smoothing capacitor C i 2 is charged by the rectified current, so that a DC voltage equal in level to the AC input voltage VAC can be obtained as the voltage across the smoothing capacitor C i 2.
- a rectified smoothed voltage E i DC input voltage
- the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT is connected to the force sort side of the rectifying diode Dc, so that the rectifying current flowing through the above path is switched by the fast recovery type rectifying diode Dc. It becomes an alternating waveform.
- the smoothing capacitor C i The rectified and smoothed voltage E i (DC input voltage) at a level corresponding to one-half of the AC input voltage VAC can be obtained as the voltage across C 1 2. That is, full-wave rectification operation is obtained.
- the power supply circuit shown in FIG. 24 is also similar to the power supply circuit shown in FIG. It can be seen that the system is compatible with the wide range by adopting a configuration in which switching is performed so as to be a voltage doubler rectification operation in the system mode and full wave rectification operation in the AC 2 00 V system.
- the rectification diode Da that forms the bridge rectification circuit D i in each period when the alternating current input voltage VAC becomes positive Z negative Since the rectification current is switched by any of D1 to Dd, the power factor correction operation can also be obtained. Also, in the circuit shown in FIG. When the AC input voltage VAC is less than 1 5 0 V (for AC 1 0 0 V system) for winding Nil, only the winding portion N11A is valid, and the AC input voltage VAC is 1 5 0 V In the case of the above (at the time of AC 2 0 0 V system), the switching is performed so that the series connection of the winding portions N11A to N11B becomes effective.
- switching is performed such that the number of windings of the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer V FT is increased compared to the case of the AC 1 0 0 V system. . If the number of turns of the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer V FT changes, the turns ratio to the secondary winding N12 changes, and the rectified current is excited in the secondary winding N 12 The alternating voltage levels to be fed back into the path will also change.
- One end of the primary side series resonant circuit is not connected to the primary side earth, but is connected to the positive electrode line of the rectified smoothed voltage Ei.
- the primary side resonance current flowing through the primary winding Nil of the loose coupling transformer VFT and the rectified current of the alternating waveform flowing through the secondary winding N12 of the loose coupling transformer VFT are reversed. It can be set to be the phase.
- setting the primary side resonance current and the current flowing in the power factor correction circuit 3 to be in reverse phase is performed, for example, according to the winding direction (N 11, N 12) of the loose coupling transformer VFT. Is possible.
- each winding (Nll, N12) of the loose coupling transformer VFT and each winding (Nl, N2) of the insulating converter transformer PIT. is there.
- a secondary side parallel resonant circuit is formed as a voltage resonant circuit or a partial voltage resonant circuit for obtaining partial voltage resonant operation.
- the secondary side parallel resonant circuit may be added to the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 23, for example. Further, the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the power supply circuit described above.
- an element other than the M ⁇ S-FET may be adopted as long as it is an element that can be used in a separately excited manner such as, for example, IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the constants of each component element described above may be changed according to the actual conditions and the like.
- a bipolar transistor can be selected as a switching element.
- a circuit configuration for generating the secondary side DC output voltage on the secondary side of the insulating converter transformer PIT may be appropriately changed.
- the configuration of the power factor correction circuit 3 is not limited to those described in the above embodiments, and various circuit configurations based on the voltage feedback method proposed by the present applicant up to now have been proposed. From within, you may adopt the applicable one.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/534,609 US7158389B2 (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2003-11-28 | Switching power supply circuit |
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JP2003359754A JP2004242491A (ja) | 2002-11-29 | 2003-10-20 | スイッチング電源回路 |
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JP2004208340A (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-07-22 | Sony Corp | スイッチング電源回路 |
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DE102005023653B3 (de) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-05-04 | Semikron Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schaltungsanordnung mit Fehlerrückmeldung zur Ansteuerung von Leistungshalbleiterschaltern und zugehöriges Verfahren |
JP2007236010A (ja) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-09-13 | Sony Corp | スイッチング電源回路 |
TW200746604A (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2007-12-16 | Sony Corp | Switching power supply circuit |
CN101641655A (zh) * | 2007-03-20 | 2010-02-03 | 捷通国际有限公司 | 供电设备 |
US20090085543A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Astec International Limited | Variable Output Voltage Power Converter |
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US6366474B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-02 | Jeff Gucyski | Switching power supplies incorporating power factor correction and/or switching at resonant transition |
JP3659240B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-16 | 2005-06-15 | ソニー株式会社 | スイッチング電源回路 |
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2003
- 2003-10-20 JP JP2003359754A patent/JP2004242491A/ja active Pending
- 2003-11-28 KR KR1020057008952A patent/KR20050085047A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-28 US US10/534,609 patent/US7158389B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-28 WO PCT/JP2003/015236 patent/WO2004051833A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPH0837778A (ja) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-02-06 | Sony Corp | スイッチング電源回路 |
JPH08103078A (ja) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-16 | Sony Corp | 電流共振型スイッチング電源 |
JPH08289553A (ja) * | 1995-04-17 | 1996-11-01 | Sony Corp | 電流共振形スイッチング電源回路 |
EP1172924A2 (en) * | 2000-07-11 | 2002-01-16 | Sony Corporation | Switching power supply having an improved power factor by voltage feedback |
JP2002034249A (ja) * | 2000-07-11 | 2002-01-31 | Sony Corp | スイッチング電源回路 |
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JP2004208340A (ja) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-07-22 | Sony Corp | スイッチング電源回路 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7158389B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
KR20050085047A (ko) | 2005-08-29 |
US20060239039A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
JP2004242491A (ja) | 2004-08-26 |
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