WO2004051381A1 - 電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真感光体ユニット - Google Patents
電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真感光体ユニット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004051381A1 WO2004051381A1 PCT/JP2003/015395 JP0315395W WO2004051381A1 WO 2004051381 A1 WO2004051381 A1 WO 2004051381A1 JP 0315395 W JP0315395 W JP 0315395W WO 2004051381 A1 WO2004051381 A1 WO 2004051381A1
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- electrophotographic
- electrophotographic photosensitive
- color
- photosensitive member
- unit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
- G03G15/32—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head
- G03G15/326—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by application of light, e.g. using a LED array
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/04—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
- G03G15/04036—Details of illuminating systems, e.g. lamps, reflectors
- G03G15/04045—Details of illuminating systems, e.g. lamps, reflectors for exposing image information provided otherwise than by directly projecting the original image onto the photoconductive recording material, e.g. digital copiers
- G03G15/04072—Details of illuminating systems, e.g. lamps, reflectors for exposing image information provided otherwise than by directly projecting the original image onto the photoconductive recording material, e.g. digital copiers by laser
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/75—Details relating to xerographic drum, band or plate, e.g. replacing, testing
- G03G15/751—Details relating to xerographic drum, band or plate, e.g. replacing, testing relating to drum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/00953—Electrographic recording members
- G03G2215/00962—Electrographic apparatus defined by the electrographic recording member
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/04—Arrangements for exposing and producing an image
- G03G2215/0402—Exposure devices
- G03G2215/0404—Laser
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/04—Arrangements for exposing and producing an image
- G03G2215/0402—Exposure devices
- G03G2215/0407—Light-emitting array or panel
Definitions
- Electrophotographic apparatus Description Electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge and electrophotographic photoreceptor unit
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus, a process cartridge, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit.
- electrophotographic apparatuses using the electrophotographic method so-called electrophotographic apparatuses, have advantages over image forming apparatuses employing other methods in terms of high speed, high image quality, and quietness. are doing.
- one electrophotographic photosensitive member performs exposure and development sequentially for each color, and a toner image of each color is transferred to an intermediate transfer member (intermediate transfer drum, intermediate transfer belt, etc.).
- the primary transfer is sequentially performed on the transfer material, and then the secondary transfer is performed collectively on the transfer material to form a color transfer image.
- an image forming unit for each color arranged in series (electrophotographic photoreceptor) (Charging means, exposure means, developing means, transfer means, etc.) to form toner images of each color, and transfer them sequentially to each image forming unit by a transfer material transport member (transfer material transport belt, etc.)
- a color image is formed by sequentially transferring images onto a material.
- An in-line method or one electrophotographic photoreceptor is used to expose and develop one color at a time, and a toner image of each color is transferred onto a transfer material carrying member (transfer drum, etc.).
- Multiple transfer methods such as forming a color image by sequentially transferring images onto a transfer material (such as paper) carried by Well known.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in a system using a laser beam as exposure light (image exposure light), a writing pitch of the laser beam and a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member (photosensitive drum) are used. The relationship between) and overall swing is described.
- the spot diameter of a bird is about 100 m, and even if various optical members are improved, the limit is about 50 to 80 // m.
- the spot diameter of the beam spot can be considerably increased while maintaining the sharpness of the contour of the beam spot. Since it can be made smaller (less than 40 m), it is possible to achieve ultra-high resolution, which is very advantageous for ultra-high image quality.
- Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 2
- a member for rotating and driving the electrophotographic photosensitive member in an electrophotographic apparatus is fitted to both ends of the cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- members (fitting members) fitted to both ends of the electrophotographic photosensitive member include a gear as a driving member and a flange as a bearing member.
- an electrophotography device that uses a laser with an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 450 nm and reduces the spot diameter of the beam spot (less than 40 zm), it is fitted to both ends of the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Extremely high precision is required for so-called electrophotographic photoreceptor units in which members are fitted. If the accuracy of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is poor, the amount of change in the distance (imaging distance) between the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the exposure means increases, so that the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is exposed when one laser beam is irradiated. It is difficult to accurately form a beam spot, and image roughness (non-uniformity and roughness in halftone images) is likely to occur.
- the accuracy of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is poor, the amount of change in the gap or nip pressure between the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing member (developing roller, developing sleeve, etc.) during development increases, resulting in uneven development. In the case of image roughness (non-uniformity of halftone images, roughness) and color image output, color misalignment is likely to occur. In addition, at the time of transfer, the positional accuracy between the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the transfer member / transfer paper is insufficient, so that color misregistration is likely to occur when outputting a color image.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in an electronic photographing apparatus in which the spot diameter of a beam spot is reduced by using a laser having an oscillation wavelength in a range of 380 to 450 nm.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus capable of outputting ultra-high resolution and ultra-high quality images, and to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the electrophotographic apparatus.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that a beam having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 450 nm can be used as a beam source.
- a beam having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 450 nm can be used as a beam source.
- the cylindrical shake of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is most closely related to the above-mentioned problems. Ultra-high resolution and super-high quality image output was found to be easily affected.
- the present inventors have found that super high resolution and super high quality image output can be achieved only when the cylindrical runout of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit has a fixed relationship with the spot diameter of the beam spot. I found that it was possible. That is, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical support, an electrophotographic photosensitive unit having a fitting member fitted to an end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an oscillation wavelength. Exposure means having a laser in the range of 380 to 450 nm, and a spot diameter (D) of a beam spot formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by a laser beam emitted from the laser. i [ ⁇ ]) is less than 40 m.
- An electrophotographic apparatus characterized in that a cylindrical deflection (D e [u rn]) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is 1.5 times or less of a spot diameter (D i [m]) of the beam spot. It is.
- the present invention provides a process comprising: an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical support; and an electrophotographic photosensitive unit having an engaging member fitted to an end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- a cartridge comprising: an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical support; and an electrophotographic photosensitive unit having an engaging member fitted to an end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the device has an exposure means having a laser having an oscillation wavelength in a range of 380 to 450 nm, and a spot of a beam spot formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by one laser beam emitted from the laser.
- an exposure means having a laser having an oscillation wavelength in a range of 380 to 450 nm, and a spot of a beam spot formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by one laser beam emitted from the laser.
- a process cartridge detachable to an electrophotographic apparatus having a diameter (D i [zz m]) of 40 m or less
- a process cartridge wherein the cylindrical runout (D e [u rn]) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is 1.5 times or less the spot diameter (D i [m]) of the beam spot. It is.
- the present invention also provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical support and an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit having a fitting member fitted to an end of the electrophotographic photoreceptor,
- It has exposure means having a laser whose oscillation wavelength is in the range of 380 to 45 O nm, and is a spot of a beam spot formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by a laser beam emitted from the laser.
- exposure means having a laser whose oscillation wavelength is in the range of 380 to 45 O nm, and is a spot of a beam spot formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by a laser beam emitted from the laser.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized in that a cylindrical deflection (D e [zm]) of the electrophotographic photosensitive member unit is 1.5 times or less of a spot diameter (D i [m]) of the beam spot. It is a body unit.
- an ultra-high resolution and ultra-high image quality image output is achieved in an electronic photographing apparatus in which a laser beam having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 450 nm and a beam spot diameter is reduced.
- the present invention can provide an electrophotographic apparatus capable of performing the above-described operations, and can also provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit used in the electrophotographic apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the method of measuring the spot diameter (D i [nm]) of the beam spot.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a cylindrical deflection measuring device.
- FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are diagrams showing the structure of the photosensitive layer.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a color electrophotographic apparatus of an intermediate transfer system.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an in-line type color electrophotographic apparatus.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a multiple transfer type color electrophotographic apparatus.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a full-color electrophotographic apparatus used in Examples 1 to 5.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a full-color electrophotographic apparatus used in Examples 6 and 7. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the spot diameter of the beam spot determines the peak intensity
- the intensity distribution includes Gaussian distribution and Lorentz distribution.
- the spot diameter of the beam spot was measured at nine points where the image forming area was divided into eight in the longitudinal direction, and the average value of the nine points was used as the spot diameter (D ii) of the beam spot.
- the spot diameter of the beam spot at each measurement point was the average value of the spot diameter D1 in the main scanning direction (longitudinal direction) and the spot diameter D2 in the sub-scanning direction (circumferential direction).
- the spot diameter in the main scanning direction of the beam spot is the spot diameter in the main scanning direction of the beam spot.
- Both D1 and the spot diameter D2 in the sub-scanning direction were measured using a beam analyzer manufactured by Meles Griot Co., Ltd.
- the spot diameter (D i [m]) of the beam spot measured as described above must be 40 im or less.
- a method for measuring the cylindrical deflection (D e C z m) of the electrophotographic photosensitive member unit according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a cylinder deflection measuring device.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit 201 which is the object to be measured, is moved by moving the slide base 207 in the direction of the arrow, so that the driving-side receiving jig 205 and the driven-side receiving jig 205 are moved. Fix with 6.
- the distance between the manufactured reference gauge 202 and the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit 201 is measured by a laser installed above the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit 201—light 203. Measure.
- the measurement of the distance between the reference gauge 202 and the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit 201 in the longitudinal direction was performed by using a base 204 installed on a surface plate (not shown) via a linear guide (not shown). This is done by moving itself in the direction of the arrow.
- the measurement of the distance between the reference gauge 202 and the electrophotographic photoconductor unit 201 in the circumferential direction is performed by rotating the electrophotographic photoconductor unit 201 in the direction of the arrow using a rotating device 208. Do. In both longitudinal and circumferential directions, the measurement is performed with the laser fixed ,
- the measurement of the cylindrical runout of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was carried out for a total of 7 points: 9 points in which the image forming area was divided into 8 in the longitudinal direction and 8 points in which the image forming area was divided into 8 in 45-degree increments in the circumferential direction.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value at 72 points was defined as the cylindrical runout (D e [m]) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit. This value is calculated by a data processing device (not shown).
- the driving-side receiving jig 205 and the driven-side receiving jig 206 are respectively provided with fitting members (gears and bearings as driving members) fitted to both ends of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. It is necessary only that it has a shape that conforms to the flange of the member.
- the cylindrical deflection (D e [/ m]) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit measured as described above corresponds to the spot diameter (D i [zm]) of the beam spot measured as described above. If it is less than 1.5 times (D e / D i ⁇ 1.5), the amount of change in the distance (image formation distance) between the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the exposure means is small, Beam spots can be accurately formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the gap between the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing member (such as the developing roller or the developing sleeve) or the amount of change in the nip pressure is small, so that image unevenness due to uneven development (non-uniformity of the halftone image) In the case of color image output or color image output, color shift does not occur. Further, at the time of transfer, since the positional accuracy between the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the transfer member / transfer paper is sufficient, color shift does not occur when outputting a color image.
- the cylindrical deflection (D e [ ⁇ m]) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is less than 1.0 times the spot diameter (D i [tm]) of the beam spot (D e / D i ⁇ 1.0). ), And preferably 0.5 times or less. (D e / D i ⁇ 0.5) is more preferable.
- a method of improving the accuracy of the electrophotographic photosensitive member there is a method of improving the accuracy of the cylindrical support of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, for example, a method of reducing the deflection of the cylindrical support of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. . Specifically, a method of increasing the thickness of the cylindrical support, cutting the inside of both ends of the cylindrical support, cutting the surface of the cylindrical support, and the like can be mentioned.
- Methods for improving the accuracy of the bonding portion between the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the fitting member include cutting the inside of both ends of the cylindrical support, narrowing the tolerance of the bonding portion of the fitting member, and simultaneously using inner and outer diameters with a byte. There is a method such as using a fitting member (flange) that has been cut.
- the fitting member As a method of improving the accuracy of the fitting member with respect to the drive shaft, there is a method of increasing the coaxiality between the fitting member and the drive shaft.
- the measurement of the cylindrical runout of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the cylindrical runout of the cylindrical support is performed in place of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit 201 according to the measuring method of the cylindrical runout of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit described above.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor or a cylindrical support may be used as the object to be measured.
- the driving-side receiving jig 205 and the driven-side receiving jig 206 may have shapes that are adapted to both ends of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and both ends of the cylindrical support, respectively.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical support.
- the cylindrical support is simply referred to as a support.
- the photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer containing a charge transport substance and a charge generation substance in the same layer (Fig.3A), but contains a charge generation layer containing a charge generation substance and a charge transport substance.
- a laminated (functionally separated) photosensitive layer separated from the charge transport layer may be used, but a laminated photosensitive layer is preferable from the viewpoint of electrophotographic characteristics.
- the stacked photosensitive layer was composed of a forward-type photosensitive layer (Fig. 3B) in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer were laminated in this order from the support side, and a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer in that order from the support side.
- There is a reverse layer type photosensitive layer (Fig. 3C) but a forward layer type photosensitive layer is preferred from the viewpoint of electrophotographic characteristics.
- 301 indicates a support
- 302 indicates a photosensitive layer
- 303 indicates a charge generation layer
- 304 indicates a charge transport layer.
- the support may have any conductivity as long as it has conductivity.
- metals such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, zinc, stainless steel, vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, nickel, indium, and platinum (Alloy).
- metal (alloy) support or plastic support polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylic resin, etc. having a layer formed by vacuum deposition of these metals is used. I can do it.
- a conductive layer may be provided on the support for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light or the like, and covering the support for scratches.
- the conductive layer can be formed by dispersing conductive particles such as metal particles and metal oxide particles in a binder resin.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably at least 1 xm, more preferably at least 5 zm, even more preferably at least lO ⁇ m, while it is at most 40 m. Is more preferable, and it is more preferable that it is 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the photosensitive layer (charge generating layer, charge transport layer) and the support or the conductive layer between the can Baria function and adhesion function. Good c intermediate layer even when the intermediate layer is provided with the adhesion of the photosensitive layer It is formed for the purpose of improvement, coating property improvement, charge injection property improvement from the support, protection against electrical breakdown of the photosensitive layer, and the like.
- the intermediate layer can be formed using a material such as polypinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, casein, polyamide, glue, and gelatin.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably from 0.05 to 5 m, more preferably from 0.2 to 3.0 m. :
- the charge generating material used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor used in the present invention has absorption in a wavelength range of 380 to 450 nm, and provides a full-color image with ultra-high resolution and ultra-high quality.
- a phthalocyanine pigment such as metal phthalocyanine and non-metal phthalocyanine and an azo pigment such as monoazo, disazo and trisazo are preferably used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- pyrylium dye, thiapyrylium dye, azulene Cationic dyes such as dyes, thiacyanine dyes and quinocyanine dyes; squarium salt dyes; polycyclic quinone pigments such as anthantrone pigments, dibenzpyrenequinone pigments and pyranthrone pigments; indigo pigments; quinacridone pigments; and perylene Pigments and the like may be used.
- examples of the binder resin used for the charge generation layer include polypinyl butyral, polyvinyl benzal, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, and cellulose resin. , Acrylic resin, polyurethane and the like. These resins may have a substituent, and the substituent is preferably a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, or the like. These can be used singly, as a mixture, or as one or more of them as a copolymer. Further, the amount of the binder resin used is preferably not more than 80% by mass, more preferably not more than 60% by mass, based on the total mass of the charge generation layer.
- the charge generation layer can be formed by applying a charge generation layer coating solution obtained by dispersing a charge generation substance together with a binder resin and a solvent, followed by drying.
- a charge generation layer coating solution obtained by dispersing a charge generation substance together with a binder resin and a solvent, followed by drying.
- the dispersion method include a method using a homogenizer, an ultrasonic wave, a pole mill, a sand mill, an attritor, a roll mill, and the like.
- the ratio between the charge generating substance and the binder resin is preferably in the range of 1: 0.1 to 1: 4 (mass ratio), and particularly preferably in the range of 1: 0.3 to 1: 4 (mass ratio). .
- the solvent used in the coating solution for the charge generation layer is selected from the binder resin used and the solubility and dispersion stability of the charge generation material.
- tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane Etc is selected from the binder resin used and the solubility and dispersion stability of the charge generation material.
- Ethers ketones such as cyclohexanone, methylethyl ketone, and pentanone; amines such as N, N-dimethylformamide; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; toluene, xylene, and benzene And alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol; and aliphatic octogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene.
- a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, or a blade coating method is used.
- a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, or a blade coating method is used.
- a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, or a blade coating method is used.
- a blade coating method is used.
- the thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 m or less, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 m.
- various sensitizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, plasticizers, thickeners, and the like can be added to the charge generation layer as needed.
- Examples of the charge transport material used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor used in the present invention include 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone, chloranil, and tetracyanoquinodimethane.
- Electron-withdrawing substances such as, and electron transporting substances such as those obtained by polymerizing these electron-withdrawing substances, or polycyclic aromatic compounds such as pyrene and anthracene, pyrrazole compounds, indole compounds, oxazole compounds, Heterocyclic compounds such as thiazole compounds, oxazidazole compounds, pyrazole compounds, pyrazoline compounds, thiadiazole compounds, triazole compounds, hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, benzidine compounds, triarylmethane compounds, trifles Hole transport substances such as enilamine compounds Et al. It is.
- the photosensitive layer is a laminated photosensitive layer
- examples of the binder resin used for the charge transport layer include acrylic resin, polyarylate, polycarbonate, and polyester. , Polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polyacrylamide, polyamide and the like. These may be used alone, as a mixture or as a copolymer, alone or in combination of two or more.
- a charge transport material such as a polymer having a group derived from the above charge transport material in the main chain or side chain (for example, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, etc.) and a binder resin are provided.
- the obtained photoconductive resin may be used.
- the charge transport layer can be formed by applying a charge transport layer coating solution obtained by dissolving a charge transport material and a binder resin in a solvent, and drying.
- the ratio of the charge transport material to the binder resin is preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2 (mass ratio).
- Solvents used in the coating solution for the charge transport layer include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxymethane; ketones such as acetone and methylethyl ketone; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; Hydrocarbons substituted with halogen atoms such as benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride are used.
- an application method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a roller coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, or a blade coating method may be used. it can.
- the thickness of the charge transport layer is preferably 5 to 40 m, particularly M is more preferably 5 to 30 m, and still more preferably 5 to 20 m.
- an antioxidant an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, a filler, and the like can be added to the charge transport layer as needed.
- the photosensitive layer is of a forward layer type, it is preferable to select a charge transporting substance or a binder resin having a high transmittance with respect to the wavelength of the laser beam used.
- the single-layer type photosensitive layer is a coating solution for a single-layer type photosensitive layer obtained by dispersing the charge generation material and the charge transport material together with the binder resin and the solvent. Can be formed by coating and drying.
- a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer from mechanical or chemical external force, and for the purpose of improving transferability and cleaning property.
- the protective layer dissolves resins such as polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer with organic solvents. It can be formed by applying a coating liquid for a protective layer obtained in this way and drying.
- resins such as polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer with organic solvents. It can be formed by applying a coating liquid for a protective layer obtained in this way and drying.
- the protective layer may be formed by curing a charge transport material such as a monomer material or a polymer type charge transport material using various crosslinking reactions. Good. Examples of the curing reaction include radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, thermal polymerization, photo polymerization, radiation polymerization (electron beam polymerization), plasma CVD, and photo CVD.
- the protective layer may contain conductive particles, an ultraviolet absorber, an abrasion resistance improving agent, and the like.
- the conductive particles for example, metal oxides such as tin oxide particles are preferable.
- the wear resistance improver fluorine resin fine powder, alumina, silica and the like are preferable.
- conductive particles an ultraviolet absorber, an abrasion resistance improver, and the like can be added to the protective layer as needed.
- conductive particles metal oxide particles such as tin oxide particles are preferable.
- wear resistance improver fluorine atom-containing resin fine particles, alumina, silica and the like are preferable.
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.5 to 20;
- the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member refers to a single-layer type photosensitive layer in the case of a layer configuration (single-layer type) as shown in FIG. 3A, and a layer configuration as shown in FIG. 3B.
- (forward layer type) it refers to the charge transport layer
- the layer configuration (reverse layer type) shown in Figure 3C it refers to the charge generation layer.
- Developers are broadly classified into two-component developers consisting of toner and carrier and one-component developers consisting only of toner.
- magnetic developers and non-magnetic developers can be broadly classified according to the presence or absence of magnetism.
- the toner contained in the developer used in the present invention preferably has a specific particle size distribution. That is, if the toner having a particle size of 5 zm or less is less than 17% by number, the consumption may increase. Further, if the volume average particle diameter (D v C ⁇ m) is 8 / m or more and the weight average particle diameter (D 4 [m]) is 9 m or more, the drop of 100 m or less is obtained. G The resolution tends to decrease, and this tendency becomes more remarkable at a dot resolution of 20 to 40 am.
- the toner preferably satisfies 3.0 m ⁇ O v ⁇ 6.0 m, 3.5 ⁇ . ⁇ 4 ⁇ 6.5 m, and more preferably, 3.0 m ⁇ O v ⁇ 6.0 m. More preferably, 2 fi m ⁇ O v ⁇ 5.8 m, 3.6 um ⁇ D 4 ⁇ 6.3 zm.
- binder resin used for the toner examples include styrene homopolymers or styrene copolymers such as polystyrene, styrene-acrylate copolymer, styrene-methacrylate copolymer, and styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- examples include polyester resin, epoxy resin, and petroleum resin.
- wax in the toner from the viewpoint of improving the releasability from the fixing member at the time of fixing and improving the fixing property.
- the wax include paraffin wax and its derivatives, microcrystalline wax and its derivatives, Fischer-Tropsch wax and its derivatives, polyolefin wax and its derivatives, carnaubax and its derivatives, and the like.
- the derivative include an oxide, a block copolymer with a vinyl monomer, and a graft-modified product.
- long-chain alcohols, long-chain fatty acids, acid amide compounds, ester compounds, ketone compounds, hydrogenated castor oil and its derivatives, vegetable wax, animal wax, mineral wax, petroleum Lolactam is also available.
- inorganic pigments, organic dyes, and organic pigments can be used as the toner used in the toner.
- carbon black aniline black, acetylene black, naphtho-luie, hanzaye, ichi-i damn lake, and alizarin lake , Bengala, phthalocyanine, and induslen blue.
- the ratio of the coloring agent to the binder resin is preferably in the range of 0.5: 100 to 200: 100 (mass ratio).
- the toner may contain a magnetic material.
- the magnetic material include magnetic metal oxides containing elements such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, magnesium, manganese, aluminum, and gay. Among them, those containing magnetic iron oxide as a main component, such as iron tetroxide and iron monoxide, are preferable.
- the toner may contain a nig mouth dye, a quaternary ammonium salt, a metal complex of salicylic acid, a metal salt of salicylic acid, a metal complex of a salicylic acid derivative, salicylic acid, and acetylethyl acetate.
- the constitution of the toner is preferably such that inorganic fine powder is externally added to the toner particles.
- inorganic fine powder By externally adding inorganic fine powder to toner particles, development efficiency, reproducibility of electrostatic latent images and transfer efficiency are improved, and capri is reduced.
- the inorganic fine powder include fine powders of colloidal silica, titanium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium titanate, barium titanate, strontium titanate, magnesium titanate, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, and the like. Is mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of one or more. Among these, oxides such as titania, alumina, and silica, Is preferably a fine powder of a double oxide.
- the inorganic fine powder externally added to the toner particles is preferably subjected to a hydrophobic treatment.
- the inorganic fine powder is preferably surface-treated with a silane coupling agent / silicone oil.
- Hydrophobic treatment methods include a method of treating with an organic metal compound such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent that reacts with or is physically adsorbed on inorganic fine powder, or a method of treating with an silane coupling agent.
- a method of treating with a silane coupling agent and at the same time with an organic gay compound such as silicone oil may be used.
- the amount of the inorganic fine powder subjected to the hydrophobizing treatment is preferably 0.01 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the toner particles. More preferably, it is 0.2 to 3% by mass.
- the inorganic fine powder externally added to the toner particles preferably has a specific surface area of 30 n ⁇ Zg or more measured by nitrogen adsorption by the BET method, and more preferably 50 to 400 m. More preferably, it is in the range of 2 / g.
- additives may be added to the toner within a range that does not substantially affect the toner.
- lubricant powders such as polytetrafluoroethylene powder, zinc stearate powder, and polypinylidene fluoride powder; abrasives such as cerium oxide powder, gay carbide powder, and strontium titanate powder; and titanium oxide powder , Aluminum oxide powder and other fluidity-imparting agents; anti-caking agents; conductivity-imparting agents such as force pump rack powder, zinc oxide powder, and tin oxide powder; organic fine particles and inorganic fine particles having the opposite polarity to the toner. And a developing property improver.
- the toner In order to produce the toner, a known method can be employed. For example, After fully mixing the binder resin, wax, metal salt or metal complex, colorant, and if necessary, magnetic substance, charge control agent, and other additives with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer or a pole mill, the heating roll Melting and kneading using a heat kneading machine such as an extruder, extruder, etc., and dispersing or dissolving metal salts or metal complexes, coloring agents, magnetic materials, etc. After cooling and solidification, the toner can be obtained by strictly performing a powder frame and classification. In the classification process, it is preferable to use a multi-segmentation classifier in terms of production efficiency.
- polymerizable monomers, a colorant, etc. are suspended in an aqueous solvent and polymerized, and polymer particles obtained by a method of directly producing toner particles, an emulsion polymerization method, or the like are dispersed in an aqueous medium, and the colorant is dispersed.
- a toner can be produced by a method of association fusion.
- the carrier having magnetism is, for example, a powder of magnetic ferrite, magnetite, iron, or the like, or a resin such as an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, or a fluororesin. Things.
- a contact developing method such as a magnetic brush developing method using a two-component developer in which the developer contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is preferable, And a reversal development system are preferred.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is driven to rotate around an axis 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow.
- a fitting member (a driving member and / or a bearing member) for rotating and driving the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is fitted to both ends of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 (not shown). 1 and the mating member constitute an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit. Has formed.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 that is driven to rotate is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by a charging means (primary charging means) 3 and then exposed to an exposure means (such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure). (Not shown).
- an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the target image is sequentially formed on the surface of the electronic photoconductor 1.
- the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is developed by a toner contained in a developer of a developing unit 5 to become a toner image (developed image, the same applies hereinafter).
- the toner image formed and carried on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is transferred from a transfer material supplying means (not shown) to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the transfer means 6 by a transfer bias from a transfer means (transfer roller) 6.
- the transfer material (paper, etc.) taken out and fed in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is sequentially transferred to the transfer material (paper, etc.) P (contact portion).
- the transfer material P to which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1, introduced into the fixing means 8, and subjected to image fixing to be printed out of the apparatus as an image formed product (print, copy). It is out.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is cleaned by a cleaning means (cleaning blade) 7 to remove the developer (toner) remaining after transfer, and further cleaned by a pre-exposure means (not shown). After being neutralized by pre-exposure light (not shown), it is used repeatedly for image formation. Note that, as shown in FIG. 4, when the charging means 3 is a contact charging means using a charging roller or the like, the light is not necessarily required.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit, the charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 7 are integrally supported to form a force, and a guide means 10 such as a rail of the electrophotographic apparatus body is used.
- the process power cartridge 9 is detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus.
- the amount of change in the distance (imaging distance) between the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the exposure means, which occurs when the accuracy of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is poor, is large. It is difficult to accurately form a beam spot on the surface of the photoconductor, and the amount of change in the gap or nip pressure between the electrophotographic photoconductor and the developing member (developing roller or developing sleeve) during development is large. Therefore, the technical problem that image roughness (non-uniformity of halftone images, roughness) due to uneven development is likely to occur is a technical problem for electrophotographic devices in general, but it is particularly important for color electrophotographic devices.
- the gap or nip between the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the developing member may be reduced during development.
- Color shift due to uneven development is likely to occur due to the large amount of change in the printing pressure, and the color shift due to insufficient positional accuracy between the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the transfer member / transfer paper during transfer. Since the technical problem unique to the color that the image is more likely to occur further occurs, the present invention exerts its effect more remarkably when the electrophotographic apparatus is a color electrophotographic apparatus.
- examples of the color electrophotographic apparatus include an intermediate transfer type color electrophotographic apparatus, an inline type color electrophotographic apparatus, and a multiplex type.
- a transfer type color electrophotographic apparatus will be described.
- examples of four colors yellow, magenta, cyan, and black
- the term “color” in the present invention is not limited to four colors (so-called full color).
- Multicolor that is, two or more colors.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an intermediate transfer type color electrophotographic apparatus.
- the transfer means mainly includes a primary transfer member, an intermediate transfer member, and a secondary transfer member.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is rotated around a shaft 2 in a direction indicated by an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed.
- fitting members driving members and Z or bearing members
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is composed of 1 and the fitting member.
- the surface of the rotatably driven electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by a charging means (primary charging means) 3 and then exposed to exposure means such as slit exposure or laser one-beam scanning exposure. (Not shown), the exposure light (image exposure light) 4 is received.
- the exposure light at this time is exposure light corresponding to the first color component image of the target color image (for example, a yellow single component image).
- a first color component electrostatic latent image corresponding to the first color component image of the target color image is sequentially formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- the first color component electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is One-color developing stage (yellow component developing means)
- the first color toner image (yellow toner image) is developed by the first color toner (yellow toner) contained in the 5Y developer.
- the first color toner image formed and carried on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is transferred to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the primary transfer member (primary transfer roller) 6 by the primary transfer bias from the primary transfer member 6p.
- the primary transfer is sequentially performed on the surface of the intermediate transfer member 11 that passes between p and p.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the transfer of the first color toner image is cleaned by the cleaning means 7 to remove the developer (toner) remaining after the primary transfer, and then used for forming the next color image. Is done.
- the second color toner image (magenta evening toner image), the third color toner image (cyan toner image), and the fourth color toner image (black toner image) are also electrophotographic photosensitive in the same manner as the first color toner image. It is formed on the surface of body 1 and is sequentially transferred to the surface of intermediate transfer body 11. In this way, a synthetic toner image corresponding to the target color image is formed on the surface of the intermediate transfer member 11.
- the secondary transfer member (secondary transfer roller 1) 6s, the charge applying means (charge applying roller) 7r are separated from the surface of the intermediate transfer body 11 I have.
- the composite toner image formed on the surface of the intermediate transfer member 11 is transferred from a transfer material supply means (not shown) to a secondary transfer opposed roller 13 by the secondary transfer bias from the secondary transfer member 6 s.
- the transfer material paper, etc.
- the transfer material taken out and fed in synchronization with the rotation of the intermediate transfer member 11 between the body 11 and the secondary transfer member 6 s (contact portion) is sequentially transferred to the transfer material P sequentially.
- the transfer material P to which the synthetic toner image has been transferred, is separated from the surface of the intermediate transfer member 11, introduced into the fixing means 8, and subjected to image fixing, thereby forming a color image formed product (print, copy). Print out Be out.
- the surface of the intermediate transfer member 11 is brought into contact with the charge applying means 7r.
- the charge applying means 7r applies a charge of a polarity opposite to that at the time of the primary transfer to the secondary transfer residual developer (toner) on the surface of the intermediate transfer body 11.
- the secondary transfer residual developing agent (toner) to which a charge having a polarity opposite to that at the time of the primary transfer is applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member at and near the contact portion between the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the intermediate transfer member 11 It is electrostatically transferred to the surface of 1.
- the surface of the intermediate transfer body 11 after the transfer of the synthetic toner image is cleaned by removing the transfer residual developer (toner).
- the secondary transfer residual developer (toner) transferred to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is removed by the cleaning means 7 together with the primary transfer residual developer (toner) of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 surface. .
- the transfer of the developer (toner) remaining after the secondary transfer from the intermediate transfer member 11 to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 can be performed simultaneously with the primary transfer, so that the throughput does not decrease.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 after removing the developer (toner) remaining after transfer by the cleaning means 7 may be subjected to static elimination processing by pre-exposure light from the pre-exposure means, as shown in FIG.
- the charging means 3 is a contact charging means using a charging port or the like, the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an in-line type color electrophotographic apparatus.
- the transfer means mainly comprises a transfer material transport member and a transfer member.
- 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K denote cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive members (electrophotographic photosensitive members for the first to fourth colors) having axes 2 ⁇ , 2M, and 2M, respectively.
- C and 2K are driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral speed in the direction of the arrow You.
- mating members are provided at both ends of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 1Y, 1M, 1C, and IK to rotate the electrophotographic photosensitive members 1Y, 1M, 1C, and IK, respectively.
- a driving member and / or a bearing member are fitted (not shown), and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1Y and the fitting member constitute an electrophotographic photosensitive member unit for the first color.
- the body 1M and the fitting member constitute a second color electrophotographic photosensitive unit, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1C and the fitting member constitute a third color electrophotographic photosensitive unit.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit for the fourth color is composed of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1K and the fitting member.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1Y for the first color that is driven to rotate is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by the charging means for the first color (primary charging means for the first color) 3Y. It receives exposure light (image exposure light) 4Y output from exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure.
- the exposure light 4Y is exposure light corresponding to a first color component image (for example, a yellow component image) of a target color image.
- a first color component electrostatic latent image corresponding to the first color component image of the target color image is sequentially formed on the surface of the first color electrophotographic photosensitive member 1Y.
- the transfer material transporting member (transfer material transport belt) 14 stretched by the stretching rollers 12 includes the electrophotographic photoconductors 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K for the first to fourth colors in the direction of the arrow. They are driven to rotate at substantially the same peripheral speed (for example, 97 to 103% of the peripheral speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K for the first to fourth colors).
- the transfer material (paper or the like) ⁇ ⁇ fed from the transfer material supply means (not shown) is electrostatically carried (adsorbed) on the transfer material transport member 14, and the first to fourth color electrophotographs
- the photoconductors are sequentially conveyed between the photoconductors 1 ⁇ , 1 ⁇ , 1C, and 1K and the transfer material conveyance member (contact portion).
- the first color component electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the first color electrophotographic photoreceptor 1Y is developed by the first color toner contained in the developer of the first color developing means 5Y to form the first color component. It becomes a color toner image (yellow toner image).
- the first color toner image formed and carried on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1Y for the first color is transferred by the transfer bias from the first color transfer member (the first color transfer roller 1) 6Y.
- the transfer material P is sequentially transferred to the transfer material P carried on the transfer material transport member 14 that passes between the first color electrophotographic photosensitive member 1Y and the first color transfer member 6Y.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1Y for the first color is cleaned by a cleaning means for the first color (a cleaning blade for the first color) 7Y to remove the developer (toner) remaining after transfer. After receiving and cleaning the surface, it is repeatedly used for forming the first color toner image.
- the first color electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 Y, the first color charging means 3 ⁇ , the first color exposure means, the first color developing means 5 ⁇ , and the first color transfer member 6 ⁇ collectively form the first color.
- Image forming unit The first color electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 Y, the first color charging means 3 ⁇ , the first color exposure means, the first color developing means 5 ⁇ , and the first color transfer member 6 ⁇ collectively form the first color. Image forming unit.
- the operation of the fourth-color image forming unit having the four-color transfer member ⁇ is the same as the operation of the first-color image forming unit, and is carried by the transfer material conveying member 14 so that the first color toner image is formed.
- a second color donor image (magenta donor image), a third color toner image (cyan toner image), and a fourth color toner image (black toner image) are sequentially transferred to the transferred transfer material ⁇ .
- a synthetic toner image corresponding to the target color image is formed on the transfer material P carried on the transfer material transport member 14.
- the transfer material P on which the synthetic toner image has been formed is separated from the surface of the transfer material transport member 14 and introduced into the fixing means 8, where the image is fixed to form a color image formed product (print, copy). Printed out.
- the first to fourth color electrophotographic photoreceptor 1Y after removing the developer (toner) remaining after transfer by the first to fourth color cleaning means 7Y, 7M, 7C, and 7K. , 1M, 1C, and 1K, the surface may be neutralized by pre-exposure light from the pre-exposure unit, but as shown in FIG. 6, the first to fourth color charging units 3Y, If 3 M, 3 C, and 3 K are contact charging means using a charging port, etc., pre-exposure is not necessarily required.
- reference numeral 15 denotes the transfer material on the transfer material transport member.
- An adsorbing roller for adsorbing the toner, and a separation charger 16 for separating the transfer material from the transfer material transporting member.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a multi-transfer type color electrophotographic apparatus.
- the transfer means mainly comprises a transfer material carrying member and a transfer belt.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is rotated around an axis 2 in a direction indicated by an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed.
- fitting members a driving member and a bearing member for rotating the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 are fitted (not shown).
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is composed of 1 and the fitting member.
- the surface of the rotatable electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by charging means (primary charging means) 3, It receives exposure light (image exposure light) 4 output from exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure.
- the exposure light at this time is exposure light corresponding to the first color component image (for example, a yellow component image) of the target color image.
- a first color component electrostatic latent image corresponding to the first color component image of the target color image is sequentially formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- the transfer material carrying member (transfer drum) 17 is rotated in the direction of the arrow at substantially the same peripheral speed as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 (for example, 97 to 103% of the peripheral speed of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1). You. Further, the transfer material (paper, etc.) P fed from the transfer material supply means (not shown) is electrostatically carried (adsorbed) on the transfer material carrying member 17, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the transfer material It is conveyed between (contact portion) and the carrying member.
- the first color component electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is developed by the first color toner (yellow toner) contained in the developing means for the first color (yellow component developing means) 5Y.
- the toner image is developed into a first color toner image (yellow toner image).
- the first color toner image formed and carried on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is moved between the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and the transfer charger 6 co by the transfer bias from the transfer charger 6 co.
- the image is transferred onto the transfer material P carried on the passing transfer material carrying member 17.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 after the transfer of the first color toner image is cleaned by the cleaning means 7 to remove the untransferred developer (toner), and then used for forming the next color image. You.
- the second color toner image (magenta toner image), the third color toner image (cyan toner image), and the fourth color toner image (black toner image) are also similar to the first color toner image. Formed on the surface, carrying transfer material A second color toner image (magenta toner image), a third color toner image (one cyan toner image), and a fourth color toner image are carried on the transfer material P carried on the member 17 and having the first color toner image transferred thereon. (Black toner image) are sequentially transferred. Thus, a synthetic toner image corresponding to the target color image is formed on the transfer material P carried on the transfer material carrying member 17.
- the transfer material P on which the synthetic toner image has been formed is separated from the surface of the transfer material supporting member 17 and introduced into the fixing means 8 to receive the image fixation, thereby forming a single image formed product (print, copy). ) Is printed out of the device.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 after removing the developer (toner) remaining after transfer by the cleaning unit 7 may be subjected to static elimination treatment by pre-exposure light from the pre-exposure unit.
- a pre-exposure is not necessarily required.
- reference numeral 15a denotes an attraction roller for adsorbing the transfer material to the transfer material carrying member
- 15b denotes an attraction charger for attracting the transfer material to the transfer material carrying member
- Reference numeral 16 denotes a separation charger for separating the transfer material from the transfer material carrying member.
- a plurality of components are housed in a container and integrally combined as a process cartridge, and this process car is attached to and detached from the main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copier or a laser beam printer. You may comprise freely.
- parts means “parts by mass”.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic configuration of a full-color electrophotographic apparatus used in this example.
- the full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 has a digital full-color image reader unit at the top and a part of the digital full-color image printer at the bottom.
- the original 830 is placed on the platen glass 831, and is exposed and scanned by the exposure lamp 832, so that the reflected light image from the original 830 is reflected by the lens 833 to the full color sensor 831.
- Light is collected at 34 to obtain a full-color color separation image signal.
- the full-color color separation image signal is processed by a video processing unit (not shown) through an amplifier circuit (not shown) and sent to a part of the printer.
- reference numeral 8001 denotes an electrophotographic photosensitive member (electrophotographic photosensitive member described later), which is rotatably supported in the direction of the arrow.
- Pre-exposure lamp 8 1 1 (6 fuse lamps 12 in series X 2 in parallel, cut at 550 nm or less with a filter, pre-exposure means) around the electronic photoconductor 800 , Corona charger 802 (charging means) and laser-exposure optics 803 (Lasers of Nichia Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Each of the developing devices 804 y, 804 c, 804 m, and 804 Bk has a developing sleeve.
- the image signal from the reader unit is converted into an optical signal for image scan exposure at a laser output unit (not shown), and the converted laser beam is converted by a polygon mirror 803a.
- the light is reflected, passes through the lens 803b and the mirror 803c, and is projected on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 8001.
- the writing pitch was set at 600 dpi
- the beam spot diameter was set at 32 m (the spot diameter in the main scanning direction was 28 ⁇ , and the spot diameter in the sub-scanning direction was 36 m).
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member 801 is rotated in the direction of the arrow, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 801 after the static elimination by the pre-exposure lamp 811 is turned negative by the corona charger 802. It is uniformly charged and irradiated with a light image 800E for each separation color to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 8001.
- a predetermined developing device is operated to develop the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 811, and a two-component developer (using a negative toner) is formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 811.
- the developing unit selectively approaches the electrophotographic photosensitive member 811 according to each color separation by the operation of the eccentric force 8 24 y, 8 24 c, 8 24 m, 8 24 B k. I try to do it.
- the developed image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 801 is opposed to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 801 via a transfer system and transfer means from a transfer material cassette 807 containing paper (transfer material). Transfer to the paper supplied to the specified position.
- the transfer means includes a transfer drum 805a, a transfer charger 805b, and paper It has an adsorption roller 805 g facing the adsorption charger 805 c for electroadsorption, an inner charger 805 d, and an outer charger 805 e.
- the transfer drum 805a which is rotatably supported, has a transfer material carrying sheet 805f, which is integrally and cylindrically stretched in a peripheral opening area.
- a poly-polyester film which is a dielectric sheet, is used for the transfer material supporting sheet 800f.
- the transfer drum 805a As the transfer drum 805a is rotated, the developed image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 801 is transferred by a transfer charger 805b to a transfer material carrying sheet 805f of the transfer drum 805a. Is transferred to the paper carried on the paper.
- the paper is separated from the transfer drum 805a by the separation claw 808a, the separation push-up opening 808b, and the separation charging.
- the paper is separated by the action of the heater 805 h, and is discharged to the tray 810 via the heat roller fuser 809.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 801 after the transfer is subjected to an image forming process again after cleaning the developer remaining on the surface with a cleaning device 806.
- the fiber brush 814 and the transfer material carrying sheet 80 0 Backup brush 8 15 facing the fur brush 8 14 via 5 f and backup facing the oil removal port 8 16 via the oil removal roller 8 16 and the transfer material carrying sheet 8 05 f Cleaning is performed by the action of brush 8 17. Such cleaning is performed before or after image formation, and at any time when a paper jam occurs.
- the transfer material carrying sheet 805f and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 80 are operated.
- the gap with 1 can be set arbitrarily. For example, during standby or when the power is off, the transfer drum 805a and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 801 are spaced apart.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor used in this example was manufactured according to the following procedure.
- a cylindrical aluminum run-out 10 m, length: 360 mm, diameter: 180 mm, average roughness of 10 points Rzjis: 0.4 m
- a cut aluminum cylinder (made by Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.) was used as a support.
- the measurement of the 10-point average roughness Rz'jis is based on JISB0601 (2001) based on Surfcoda SE-3500 (manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd.).
- the cut-off was 0.8 mm and the measurement length was 8 mm.
- conductive titanium oxide particles coated with tin oxide containing 10% antimony oxide 25 parts of phenolic resin, methylcelloso Lube 20 parts, methanol 5 parts, and silicone oil (polydimethylsiloxane polyoxyalkylene copolymer, number average molecular weight: 3000) 0.002 parts for 2 hours in a sand mill using a glass beam with a diameter of 1 mm.
- silicone oil polydimethylsiloxane polyoxyalkylene copolymer, number average molecular weight: 3000
- the conductive layer coating solution was applied onto the support by dip coating and dried at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 15 / zm.
- This intermediate layer coating solution was applied onto the conductive layer by dip coating and dried to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 1 m.
- the Bragg angles (20 ⁇ 0.2 °) in the Cu u ⁇ characteristic X-ray diffraction are 7.5 °, 9.9 °, 16.3 °, 18.6 °, 25.1 °, 28.
- Crystalline hydroxygallium phthalate cyanine having a strong peak at 8.3 ° 10 parts, polyvinyl butyral (trade name: Esrec II-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) 5 parts, and cyclohexanone 250 parts were dispersed in a sand mill using glass beads having a diameter of lmm for 3 hours, and then 250 parts of ethyl acetate was added to prepare a coating solution for a charge generation layer.
- This charge generation layer coating solution was applied onto the intermediate layer by dip coating, and dried at 100 for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.25.
- a polycarbonate resin (trade name: UPYLON Z-400, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 70 parts of monochlorobenzene to prepare a coating solution for a charge transport layer.
- This charge transport layer coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating and dried at 110 ° C. for 1 hour to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 13.
- a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member having the charge transport layer as the surface layer was produced.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was mounted on a full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 to output a full-color image, and the output of the output full-color image was visually evaluated.
- the dark portion potential (charging potential) was set at 170 V, the bright portion potential was set at -200 V, and the developing bias was set at -550 V.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- the evaluation criteria for roughness (unevenness of halftone images and roughness) and color shift are as follows.
- Example 1 the support was a cylindrical aluminum run-out: 19 m, length: 360 mm, diameter: 180 mm, 10-point average roughness R zjis: 0.5 m cut aluminum cylinder (Furukawa)
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophotographic photoreceptor was changed to This was designated as a child photographic photoreceptor unit.
- the cylindrical run-out (D e) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was 27; m.
- This electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was mounted on a full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 in the same manner as in Example 1, and a full-color image output was performed. The output full-color image output was visually evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 the support was used as a cutting aluminum cylinder having a cylindrical run-out: 31 / m, a length: 360 mm, a diameter: 180 mm, and a 10-point average roughness R zjis: 0.5 tim.
- a charge generation layer was formed up to the electrophotographic photoreceptor in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge generation layer was changed to Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.
- This coating solution for the charge transport layer (first charge transport layer) is applied onto the charge generation layer by dip coating, dried at 110 for 1 hour, and then has a thickness of 1.0 / zm. (1 charge transport layer).
- Po'J tetrafluoroethylene resin particles (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), 6 parts of polycarbonate resin (trade name: Iupilon Z-800), comb type Fluorine-based graft polymer (trade name: GF300, manufactured by Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 0.24 parts, monochlorobenzene 120 parts, methylal 80 parts dispersed by ultra-high pressure disperser Mixed.
- 3 parts of a charge transport material (A) having a structure represented by the following formula: Was dissolved to prepare a coating solution for the protective layer (second charge transport layer).
- the coating solution for the protective layer is spray-coated on the charge transport layer (first charge transport layer), and then at 80 ° C for 10 minutes, and then at 120 ° C. After drying for 50 minutes, the surface is polished for 1 minute using an abrasive sheet (lapping tape, abrasive particles: alumina, abrasive particle size: # 300, manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.).
- This electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was attached to a full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 in the same manner as in Example 1 to output a full-color image, and the output full-color image output was visually evaluated.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 2 the hydroxygallium phthalocyanine used for the charge generation layer was replaced with an azo pigment having a structure represented by the following formula:
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the electrophotographic photoreceptor was changed, and flanges were fitted to both ends of the manufactured electrophotographic photoreceptor for rotational driving, thereby forming an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit. .
- the cylindrical runout (D e) of this electrophotographic photosensitive member unit was 28 m.
- This electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was mounted on a full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 in the same manner as in Example 2 to output a full-color image, and the output full-color image output was visually evaluated. .
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 the support was a cylindrical aluminum run-out: 50 mm, length: 360 mm, diameter: 180 mm, average roughness of 10 points R zjis: 0.6 m cut aluminum cylinder (Furukawa Electric ( An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophotographic photosensitive member was fitted with flanges for rotational driving at both ends of the produced electrophotographic photosensitive member. Unit.
- the cylindrical run-out (D e) of the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was 60 m.
- This electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was mounted on a full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 in the same manner as in Example 1 to output a full-color image, and the output full-color image output was visually evaluated.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 2 (Comparative Example 2)
- the support was made of a cylindrical aluminum run-out: 70 zm, length: 360 mm, diameter: 180 mm, average roughness of 10 points R zjis: 0.2 fi m
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophotographic photosensitive member was changed to Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., and flanges were fitted to both ends of the produced electrophotographic photosensitive member for rotational driving. This was a photo photographic photoreceptor unit.
- the cylindrical run-out (D e) of this electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was 90 m.
- This electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was mounted on a full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 8 in the same manner as in Example 1, and a full-color image output was performed. The output full-color image output was visually evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 3 was the same as Example 3 except that the beam spot diameter was set to 25 m (the spot diameter in the main scanning direction was 22 ⁇ , and the spot diameter in the sub-scanning direction was 28 / m). Similarly, an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic photosensitive unit were prepared and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 3 the electrophotographic photoreceptor and the electrophotographic photoreceptor unit were changed to an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, and the same as in Comparative Example 3. evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 3 the GaN-based chip mounted on the laser-exposing optical system 803 of the full-color electrophotographic apparatus used for the evaluation was replaced with an A1GaInP-based chip (oscillation wavelength: 670 nm) And the beam spot diameter is 60 zm (the beam spot diameter in the main scanning direction is 55 / zm, An electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic photosensitive unit were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the spot diameter in the scanning direction was set to 65 tm). Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 the support was a cylindrical aluminum runout: 15 m, length: 360 mm, diameter: 30 mm, 10 point average roughness Rzjis: 0.8 m
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophotographic photoreceptor was manufactured, and flanges were fitted to both ends of the manufactured electrophotographic photoreceptor for rotational driving. It was a photoreceptor unit.
- the cylindrical run-out (D e) of this electrophotographic photoreceptor unit was 21 m.
- This electrophotographic photoreceptor unit is attached to a full-power electrophotographic apparatus (in-line method) having the configuration shown in Fig. 9 to output a full-color image, and the output full-color image output is visually observed as in Example 1.
- a full-power electrophotographic apparatus in-line method
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- the laser-exposure optical system of the full-color electrophotographic apparatus having the configuration shown in Fig. 9 has an oscillation wavelength of 405 nm and an output of 5 mW, and is a GaN chip manufactured by Nichia Corporation. It is equipped with.
- the writing pitch was 400 dpi
- the beam spot diameter was 31 im (main scanning direction spot diameter: 28; tzm, sub-scanning direction spot diameter: 34). ⁇
- reference numeral 901 denotes an electrophotographic photosensitive member
- reference numeral 902 denotes a corona charger
- reference numeral 90a denotes a polygon mirror
- reference numeral 90c denotes a mirror
- reference numeral 90c denotes a mirror.
- 4c, 904y, 904m, 904Bk are developing devices
- 905 is a transfer material transport belt
- 950 is a transfer charger
- 907 is a transfer device.
- a material cassette, and reference numeral 909 denotes a fixing device.
- Example 6 except that the film thickness of the charge transport layer (first charge transport layer) was changed to 10 m, the charge transport layer (first charge transport layer) was replaced with the charge transport layer (first charge transport layer). Formed.
- the coating solution for the protective layer is applied by dip coating on the charge transport layer (first charge transport layer), and then accelerated in nitrogen at an acceleration voltage of 150 kV and a dose of 1.5.
- An electron beam is irradiated under the conditions of M rad, and then a heat treatment is performed for 3 minutes under the condition that the temperature of the electrophotographic photoreceptor becomes 120 (the oxygen concentration at this time is 20 ppm).
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor was post-treated in air at 110 for 1 hour to form a protective layer (second charge transport layer) having a thickness of 5 m.
- Example 6 the GaN-based chip mounted on the laser-exposure optical system of the full-color electrophotographic apparatus used for the evaluation was changed to a GaAs-based chip (oscillation wavelength: 780 nm).
- the beam spot diameter was set to 56 m (spot diameter in the main scanning direction was 48 m and spot diameter in the sub-scanning direction was 64 zm)
- the same as in the sixth embodiment and an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit were prepared and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Comparative Example 5 an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic unit were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5, except that the writing pitch of the full-color electrophotographic apparatus used for evaluation was set to 600 dpi. . Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- the spot diameter of the beam spot is reduced using a laser having an oscillation wavelength in the range of 380 to 450 nm. It is possible to provide an electrophotographic apparatus capable of outputting an ultra-high resolution and ultra-high quality image in a reduced electrophotographic apparatus, and to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic photoreceptor unit used in the electrophotographic apparatus. can do.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
- Exposure Or Original Feeding In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Color Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003284533A AU2003284533A1 (en) | 2002-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | Electrophotographic system, process cartridge and electrophotographic photosensitive body unit |
EP03776020.4A EP1569043B1 (en) | 2002-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | Electrophotographic system, process cartridge and electrophotographic photosensitive body unit |
US10/842,488 US7071962B2 (en) | 2002-12-02 | 2004-05-11 | Electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge and electrophotographic photosensitive member unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002-349401 | 2002-12-02 | ||
JP2002349401 | 2002-12-02 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/842,488 Continuation US7071962B2 (en) | 2002-12-02 | 2004-05-11 | Electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge and electrophotographic photosensitive member unit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004051381A1 true WO2004051381A1 (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
Family
ID=32463034
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/015395 WO2004051381A1 (ja) | 2002-12-02 | 2003-12-02 | 電子写真装置、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真感光体ユニット |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7071962B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1569043B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100624061B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100397247C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003284533A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004051381A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7625683B2 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2009-12-01 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc. | Image forming method, a processing cartridge and an image forming method using the same |
US8052271B2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2011-11-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Coating liquid, ink jet recording method and ink jet recording apparatus |
JP5777392B2 (ja) | 2010-06-02 | 2015-09-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真感光体、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置、ならびに、電子写真感光体の製造方法 |
JP6576101B2 (ja) | 2015-05-26 | 2019-09-18 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像剤容器、現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ、及び画像形成装置 |
KR20180032327A (ko) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-30 | 에스프린팅솔루션 주식회사 | 전자 종이, 화상형성장치 및 인쇄 제어 방법 |
CN113030139B (zh) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-13 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | 一种新型晶体及紧凑型成像装置 |
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US5055663A (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1991-10-08 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical scanning system and method for adjusting thereof |
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US5623328A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1997-04-22 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process cartridge and image forming system on which process cartridge is mountable |
US5828928A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1998-10-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Process cartridge mountable in an image forming system and a method for assembling a cleaning device |
DE69130380T2 (de) | 1990-07-13 | 1999-05-12 | Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Arbeitseinheit und Bilderzeugungsgerät mit einer solchen Einheit |
JPH09240051A (ja) | 1996-03-08 | 1997-09-16 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 電子写真装置 |
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2003
- 2003-12-02 CN CNB2003801048205A patent/CN100397247C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-02 WO PCT/JP2003/015395 patent/WO2004051381A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-12-02 KR KR1020057009857A patent/KR100624061B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-02 AU AU2003284533A patent/AU2003284533A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-02 EP EP03776020.4A patent/EP1569043B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-05-11 US US10/842,488 patent/US7071962B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003284533A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
US20040207716A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
CN100397247C (zh) | 2008-06-25 |
KR100624061B1 (ko) | 2006-09-15 |
EP1569043A4 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
EP1569043A1 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
CN1720486A (zh) | 2006-01-11 |
KR20050085245A (ko) | 2005-08-29 |
US7071962B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
EP1569043B1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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