WO2004018527A1 - 含フッ素ポリマー分散体及び含フッ素ポリマー分散体製造方法 - Google Patents
含フッ素ポリマー分散体及び含フッ素ポリマー分散体製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004018527A1 WO2004018527A1 PCT/JP2003/007591 JP0307591W WO2004018527A1 WO 2004018527 A1 WO2004018527 A1 WO 2004018527A1 JP 0307591 W JP0307591 W JP 0307591W WO 2004018527 A1 WO2004018527 A1 WO 2004018527A1
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
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- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
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- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/00091—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching by evaporation
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- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
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- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
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- B01D69/1411—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes containing dispersed material in a continuous matrix
- B01D69/14111—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes containing dispersed material in a continuous matrix with nanoscale dispersed material, e.g. nanoparticles
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/82—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74 characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. introduced by chemical after-treatment
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- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/06—Specific viscosities of materials involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/46—Impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/10—Catalysts being present on the surface of the membrane or in the pores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/14—Membrane materials having negatively charged functional groups
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/42—Ion-exchange membranes
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/10—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as molar percentages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluoropolymer solid composition, a fluoropolymer dispersion, and a method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion.
- Fluoropolymers containing sulfonic acid groups and carboxyl groups have been developed for use in ion exchange membranes mainly used for salt electrolysis. Conventionally, such a film-shaped molded body has been produced by forming a fluoropolymer having one SO 2 F by extrusion molding and then hydrolyzing it.
- fluoropolymers having an acid group such as a sulfonic acid group have attracted attention as materials for electrolyte membranes of fuel cells, chemical sensors, and the like, in addition to ion exchange membranes for salt electrolysis.
- the aqueous dispersion of a fluoropolymer having a sulfonic acid group itself can be used as a solution or the like, so that it can be suitably used for cast film formation, impregnation, and the like, and has a wide range of uses.
- a method for obtaining an aqueous dispersion of a fluoropolymer having a sulfonic acid group includes: O Al force Li handle molded film-shaped molded body using the Furuoroporima having 2 F, then subjected to acid treatment to convert an S_ ⁇ 2 F to sulfonic acid groups, further water and with lower ⁇ alcohol
- a method of dissolving by treating at high temperature and high pressure in a mixed solvent or water is used.
- Fluoropolymers containing 1 SO 2 F which were used to obtain film-shaped moldings, were conventionally produced mainly by solution polymerization in order to form pellets used for extrusion molding, etc., which is a method for producing film-shaped moldings .
- emulsion polymerization may be considered instead of solution polymerization.
- an electrolyte is added to coagulate the polymer particles to obtain a polymer.
- the emulsifier is particularly difficult to remove, and the gas generated when the obtained polymer is dried may cause drying in the dryer, or may be decomposed and foamed or colored black when the polymer is used for film formation.
- a method for obtaining an aqueous dispersion of a fluoropolymer having a sulfonic acid group a film-shaped molded article molded using a fluoropolymer having one SO 2 F is subjected to an alcohol treatment, Next, it is subjected to an acid treatment to convert mono-SO 2 F into a sulfonic acid group, and the film-like molded body is dissolved in a mixed solvent of water and a lower alcohol or in water at a high temperature and a high pressure, or Alternatively, a method of obtaining 2 to 30 aqueous dispersions by carrying out treatment at a high temperature and a high pressure with stirring in a solvent consisting essentially of water is known (for example, see Table 2001- 1). See Japanese Patent No. 504872.
- JP-T-2001-504872 is not efficient in that a fluoropolymer obtained in a liquid state by polymerization is once formed into a film-like molded body and then made into a liquid state again.
- a high pressure treatment is required, and a corresponding reactor and energy are required.
- the shape of polymer particles obtained by the method disclosed in JP-A-2001-504872 is generally in the form of a pad having an aspect ratio of 5 to 6 and a major axis length of about 11 nm.
- an aqueous dispersion formed by dispersing polymer particles in the form of a pad or thread has a large amount of a dispersion medium when a film is formed by casting or impregnation. It had to be removed by evaporation, was extremely inefficient, and the production of thick films was difficult. There were also problems such as cracks occurring during drying.
- the present invention relates to a fluorine-containing polymer solid composition containing fine particles made of a fluorine-containing polymer, wherein the fluorine-containing polymer has an acid salt type group, and the acid salt type group is , a sulfonic acid group, one S0 2 NR 17 R 18, carboxyl group, one I COONR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8 or-CO OM 2 1 / L
- R 17 and R 18 may be the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal
- RR 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M 1 and M 2 are the same or different and represent an L-valent metal; It is a metal belonging to Group 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 11, 12, or 13. ),
- the present invention is a fluoropolymer dispersion, wherein the fluoropolymer solid composition is dispersed in a liquid medium.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion in which fine particles composed of a fluoropolymer are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium, wherein the fluoropolymer comprises a sulfonic acid group and Z or a carboxyl group.
- a hydrofluoric polymer is obtained by hydrolyzing in a water-based medium to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer. Is the way.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion in which fine particles composed of a fluoropolymer are dispersed in a liquid medium, wherein the fluoropolymer is an acid salt type.
- the above-mentioned acid salt type group includes one S Oa R ⁇ 4 , one S0 3 M / one COONR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8 or one COO M 2 : / L
- R ⁇ R 1 3 and 1 4 are the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 ⁇ 4, R 5, R scale 7 and 1 8 are the same or different, a hydrogen atom or an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms M 1 and M 2 are the same or different and represent an L-valent metal, and the L-valent metal is a group 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 11 or 1 of the periodic table group 2 or group 13 in a metal belonging.), and the fluorine-containing polymer one dispersion production method, one SO (X 1 a fluoropolymer precursor has is Ha Rogge Represents an atom.) And / or one CO Z 1 (Z 1 is alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms 3007591
- the present invention provides a dispersion composition for forming a thin film, comprising: the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion; and at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol and tetrafluoropropanol. Things.
- the present invention is a film obtained by performing cast film formation using the above-mentioned fluoropolymer monodispersion or the above-mentioned dispersion composition for forming a thin film.
- the present invention is characterized by being obtained by impregnating a porous support with the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion or the above-mentioned dispersion composition for forming a thin film, and then removing a liquid medium. It is a membrane.
- the present invention provides an active substance fixed body comprising a fluoropolymer and an active substance, wherein the fluoropolymer dispersion or the dispersion composition for forming a thin film and a liquid yarn composition comprising the active substance are provided.
- An active substance fixed body characterized by being obtained by coating a base material.
- the present invention is an electrolyte membrane having the active substance fixed body.
- the present invention is a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane.
- the present invention relates to the following general formula (VI)
- CF 2 CF— O— (CF 2 CFY 1 — O) n — (CFY 2 ) m — A 5 (VI)
- Y 1 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- N represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- the n number of Y 1 may be the same or different. and may.
- Y 2 is. m representing a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom,. m-number of Y 2 representing an integer of 1 to 5 may be the same or may be different.
- a 5 is represents an S0 2 X one COZ 1 and / or one CONR 19 R 2Q.
- X 1 represents a halogen atom.
- Z 1 represents an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- CF 2 C FO- (CF 2 CFY 1 -0) n - (CFY 2) m - A 6 (VII)
- Y 1 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoro full O b alkyl group.
- ⁇ represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- ⁇ ⁇ 1 may be the same or different
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 represents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom
- m is 1 to 5
- Represents an integer m m 2 may be the same or different
- a 6 represents one S0 2 X 3 , —S 0 2 NR 17 R 18 and / or one COOZ 3 .
- X 3 represents — OM 5 or OM 6 1/2 ;
- M 5 is an alkali
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and M 6 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- R 17 and R 18 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or a sulfonyl-containing group.
- Z 3 represents M 7 or M 8 1/2
- M 7 represents an alkali metal or NR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8 , R 5, R 6, 1 7 and 1 ⁇ 8 are the same or different
- M 8 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fluorine-containing copolymer containing an acid-derived group, which is carried out using an acid-acid salt type fluorovinyl ether derivative represented by the following formula: Detailed Disclosure of the Invention
- the fluoropolymer solid composition of the present invention contains fine particles composed of a fluoropolymer.
- the fine particles made of the above-mentioned fluoropolymer contain at least 25% by mass of substantially spherical fluoropolymer monospherical fine particles.
- the expression “including 25% by mass or more of fluoropolymer spherical fine particles” means that 25% by mass or more of the fluoropolymer fine particles are fluoropolymer spherical fine particles.
- the particle shape of the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer can be based on an aspect ratio.
- the term “substantially spherical” means that the aspect ratio is 3 or less. Normally, the closer the aspect ratio is to 1, the closer to a sphere. It is preferable that the aspect ratio of the particles made of the fluoropolymer is 3 or less. A more preferred upper limit is 2, and a still more preferred upper limit is 1.5.
- the particle shape of the polymer particles is anisotropic, the dispersion of the polymer particles tends to have a high viscosity, and when the dispersion of the polymer particles has a high viscosity, the concentration of the polymer particles in the dispersion is reduced. It is preferable because it is difficult to raise the height.
- the particles comprising the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer contain substantially spherical spherical particles of a fluorine-containing polymer in an amount of 25% by mass or more, for example, it is obtained by using the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer-one solid composition.
- the viscosity of the fluoropolymer dispersion can be reduced as compared with the case where the shape of the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer is not substantially spherical, and the solid content concentration of the fluoropolymer dispersion can be reduced. It is possible to achieve high productivity when forming a film by a method such as cast film formation.
- the fine particles made of the above-mentioned fluoropolymer preferably contain 50% by mass or more of fluoropolymer spherical fine particles.
- the fluoropolymer solid composition having the content of the fluoropolymer spherical fine particles in the above-mentioned range can be obtained by preparing from a dispurgeon obtained by emulsion polymerization. From the dispurgeon obtained by emulsion polymerization, a fluoropolymer having a spherical fine particle content of 90% by mass or more can be obtained.
- the above-mentioned fluoropolymer solid composition is obtained by blending fine particles of fluorine-containing polymer that are not substantially spherical among fine particles of fluoropolymer into a yarn composition having a relatively high content of fluoropolymer spherical fine particles. It is also possible to make adjustments so as to exhibit the performance according to.
- the fine particles comprising the fluoropolymer preferably have an average particle diameter of 10 nm or more. If it is less than 10 nm, when used as an electrode material, the active site may be covered and good battery characteristics may not be obtained.
- the upper limit can be set to, for example, 300 nm from the viewpoint of easy production of the fluoropolymer precursor. However, even if the upper limit exceeds 300 nm, the battery characteristics are not significantly affected.
- the fine particles composed of the above fluoropolymer preferably have an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm.
- a more preferred lower limit of the average particle size is 30 nm, and a still more preferred upper limit is 160 nm.
- the above-mentioned aspect ratio and average particle diameter are obtained by applying the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion to a glass substrate using a scanning or transmission electron microscope, an atomic force microscope, or the like, and then removing the aqueous dispersion medium.
- the aggregate of the obtained fine particles of the fluoropolymer was observed, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis length (major axis Z minor axis) measured for 20 or more microparticles on the obtained image was determined by the above equation.
- the average value of the aspect ratio, the length of the major axis and the length of the minor axis can be obtained as the average particle diameter described later.
- the fluoropolymer solid composition of the present invention preferably contains at least 25% by mass of fluorinated spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or more among the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer.
- the fluorine-containing polymer solid composition of the present invention more preferably contains at least 25% by mass of fluorine-containing spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm among fine particles made of a fluorine-containing polymer.
- the fluoropolymer solid composition of the present invention more preferably contains at least 25% by mass of fluorine-containing spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 30 to 160 nm among the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer.
- the fluorine-containing polymer has an acid-acid salt type group.
- the acid salt type group is an acid type group and / or an acid salt type group.
- the acid group is a sulfonic acid group, —SO 2 NR 17 R 18 and / or a carboxyl group.
- R 17 and R 18 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or a sulfonyl-containing group.
- the alkali metal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Li, Na, K :, and Cs.
- the alkyl group is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group and an ethyl group.
- the alkyl group is halo It may be substituted by a gen atom.
- the sulfonyl-containing group is a fluorinated alkyl group having a sulfol group, and examples thereof include a fluorinated alkylsulfonyl group which may have a substituent at the terminal, and the like.
- one SOsR ⁇ Z 3 (Rf 1 represents a fluorine-containing alkylene group, and Z 3 represents an organic group).
- the organic group for example, one S ⁇ 2 F may be mentioned one S0 2 (NR 17 S 0 2 R ⁇ 1 S 0 2) k NR 17 S0 2 - (k represents an integer of 1 or more, Rf 1 represents a fluorine-containing alkylene group.), And may be connected indefinitely, for example, one S 0 2 (NR 17 S 0 2 R f 1 S 0 2 ) k NR 17 S 0 2 F (k is 1 This represents an integer less than or equal to 100.! ⁇ A and! ⁇ Same as above.
- the acid salt type group is a sulfonic acid group forming a salt and / or a sulfoxyl group forming a salt.
- the sulfonic acid group forming the salt is one SOsNR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 or one SOgM / L
- the carboxyl group forming the salt is one COONR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8 or One COOM 2 1 / L.
- RR 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- RR 6 , shaku 7 and 18 are the same or different
- M 1 and M 2 are the same or different and represent L-valent metals.
- the L-valent metal is a metal belonging to Group 1, Group 2, Group 4, Group 8, Group 11, Group 12, or Group 13 of the periodic table.
- the L-valent metal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Li, Na, K, Cs, and the like as Group 1 of the periodic table, and Mg, Ca, and the like as Group 2 of the periodic table.
- the four groups of the periodic table include A1 and the like.
- the eight groups of the periodic table include Fe and the like.
- the 11th group of the periodic table include Cu and Ag.
- Group 12 includes Zn and the like, and Group 13 of the periodic table includes Zr and the like.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is preferably a straight-chain alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- the above-mentioned acid-acid salt type group has a higher proportion of the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer on the particle surface than on the inside of the particles. It is desirable that the ratio be large. If the proportion of the acid-acid salt type group on the particle surface is larger than that inside the particle, the dispersion Stability can be improved.
- Particles in which the content ratio of the acid-acid salt type group on the particle surfaces of the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer is larger than the content ratio inside the particles are, for example, the emulsion polymerization method in the method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer dispersion of the present invention. It can be obtained using the so-called “core Z shell” technology. That is, it can be obtained by increasing the supply ratio of the fluorofluoroether derivative having the above-mentioned acid salt type group later in the polymerization than in the early stage of the polymerization.
- the “inside of the particle” means a portion occupying 50% by mass at the center of the total mass of the particle.
- the “particle surface” means a portion of the particle except for the inside of the particle.
- the solid fluoropolymer-containing composition of the present invention may be obtained by adding an additive, if necessary, in addition to the fine particles made of the above fluoropolymer.
- the above-mentioned additives are not particularly limited.
- the fluoropolymer solid composition of the present invention can be usually obtained by drying a fluoropolymer dispersion described below.
- a procedure for obtaining the above-mentioned fluoropolymer solid composition from the fluoropolymer dispersion there is a method of concentrating the fluoropolymer dispersion and drying it at a temperature of 80 to 400 ° C.
- the fluoropolymer solid composition of the present invention When the fluoropolymer solid composition of the present invention is applied on a substrate, it is heated and dried at the above-mentioned temperature of 80 to 400 ° C., and further, fine particles made of a fluoropolymer.
- a coating film obtained on a substrate by heating to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point may be used.
- the particle shape and average particle size of the above-mentioned fluoropolymer fine particles are those after heating and drying as described above, and those not heated at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluoropolymer fine particles are satisfied. do it.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention is obtained by dispersing fine particles comprising the above fluoropolymer in a liquid medium.
- the liquid medium is a liquid that can wet fine particles made of the fluoropolymer.
- the liquid medium is not particularly limited, but is preferably liquid at room temperature.
- As the liquid medium when good dispersibility of the fine particles comprising the fluoropolymer is desired, in addition to water, alcohols such as methanol; nitrogen-containing compounds such as N-methylpyrrolidone [NMP]; Solvents; ketones such as acetone; esters such as ethyl acetate; polar ethers such as diglyme and tetrahydrofuran [THF]; and organic solvents having extreme polarity such as carbonates such as diethylene carbonate. Among them, one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds can be used.
- liquid medium for the purpose of forming into a film by cast film formation, impregnation, or the like, alcohols for improving the leveling property and alcohol for improving the film formation 14 are used.
- Polyoxyethylenes and the like can be used.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention may be one obtained by dispersing the above-mentioned fluoropolymer solid composition in a liquid medium, or from the above dispersion obtained by a polymerization reaction. It may be prepared as it is, without passing through the shape composition.
- the fluoropolymer solid composition When the fluoropolymer dispersion is obtained by dispersing a fluoropolymer solid composition in a liquid medium, the fluoropolymer solid composition may be 2 to 2 times the total mass of the fluoropolymer dispersion. It is preferably 80% by mass.
- the amount of the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer in the fluoropolymer dispersion generally corresponds to the mass of the solid content in the fluoropolymer dispersion.
- the content of the fluoropolymer solid composition in the fluoropolymer dispersion is less than 2% by mass, the amount of the liquid medium increases, and when used in film formation, productivity may be reduced.
- it exceeds 80 mass ° / o the viscosity tends to be high and handling tends to be difficult.
- a more preferred lower limit is 5% by mass, and a more preferred upper limit is 60% by mass.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention those in which the liquid medium is an aqueous dispersion medium are preferable.
- the fluorine-containing polymer dispersion of the present invention is obtained by dispersing fine particles comprising a fluorine-containing polymer in an aqueous dispersion medium. (1) It consists of the rescue particles and the aqueous dispersion medium.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion has fine particles composed of the fluoropolymer as a dispersoid, and has the aqueous dispersion medium as a dispersion medium.
- the “aqueous dispersion medium” is a dispersion medium of a fluoropolymer dispersion and contains water.
- the aqueous dispersion medium may be a water-soluble organic solvent together with water as long as it is composed of water.
- the aqueous dispersion medium may have additives such as a surfactant and a stabilizer usually used for an aqueous dispersion.
- the aqueous dispersion medium preferably has a water content of 10 to 100% by mass. If it is less than 10% by mass, dispersibility tends to deteriorate, which is not preferable in terms of effects on the environment and the human body. A more preferred lower limit is 40% by mass.
- the fluorine-containing polymer dispersion of the present invention is obtained by hydrolyzing a sulfonic acid group or a hapoxyl group of a fluoroxyl group contained in a fluorine-containing polymer precursor obtained by a polymerization reaction in an aqueous medium, thereby obtaining an acid-type dispersion.
- a fluorine-containing polymer dispersion of the present invention based on converting acid salt groups to acid groups by neutralizing the acid salt groups by the action of an acid in an aqueous medium. It can be manufactured by a method.
- the fluorine-containing polymer dispersion of the present invention also contains fine particles made of a fluorine-containing polymer having one SO 2 NR 17 R 18 .
- a method for obtaining an acid salt group may be referred to as “method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion (i)”, and a sulfonic acid group is used as the acid group.
- a method for obtaining a carboxyl group and / or a carboxyl group may be referred to as a “fluorine-containing polymer dispersion production method (ii)”.
- the method (i) for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention is for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion in which fine particles comprising a fluoropolymer are dispersed in the above-mentioned liquid medium.
- the fluoropolymer has an acid salt group.
- the above acid salt type group is a fluoropolymer solid It is the same as the above-mentioned salt-forming sulfonic acid group or salt-forming carboxyl group in the liquid composition.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion production method (i) of the present invention is the same method as the step up to obtaining the acid salt type group in the fluoropolymer dispersion production method (ii) described below.
- Fluoropolymer dispersion production method of the present invention (i) is thus similar to the fluoropolymer dispersion production method described later (ii), one fluoropolymer precursor has S ⁇ 2 ⁇ : (X 1 is A halogen atom) and / or one COZ 1 ( ⁇ 1 represents an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) in a liquid medium to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer. It becomes.
- fluorine-containing polymer precursor means a polymer that becomes the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer through the hydrolysis step.
- the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion (i) of the present invention has the same features as the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion (ii) described below. It may comprise a polymerization reaction step of obtaining a fluoropolymer precursor by polymerization in the presence of Pm) and a fluorinated monomer (Qm), and an alkali treatment step of treating with an alkali.
- the fluorine-containing monomer (Pm) is one SOsX 1 (X 1 represents a halogen atom.) And / or one CO Z 1 (Z 1 represents. Alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) having a
- the fluorine-containing monomer (Qm) is one S0 2 X 2 (X 2 represents one ONRSR RHR 12 or one OM / L, and R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are the same or different Te represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- M 1 represents the L-valent metal.
- Z or single COO Z 2 Z 2 are, NR 13 R 14 R 15 R 1 6 Or M 2 1 / L
- M 2 represents the above-mentioned L-valent metal.
- the method (ii) for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention is for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion in which fine particles comprising a fluoropolymer are dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium.
- the “fluorine-containing polymer dispersion production method (ii)” is characterized in that the dispersion medium of the fluorine-containing polymer dispersion is an aqueous dispersion medium, and the fluoropolymer as a dispersoid has a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxyl group.
- the dispersion medium is a liquid medium and the fluorine-containing poly This is a concept to be distinguished from the above-mentioned “method (i) for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion” in which the mer has an acid salt form.
- the fluoropolymer has a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxyl group.
- the sulfonic acid group and / or hepoxyl group are represented by the following general formula (I)
- Y 1 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- N represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- the n number of Y 1 may be the same or different.
- Y 2 represents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, m represents an integer of 1 to 5, and m m Y 2 s may be the same or different. It is preferably bonded to a fluoroether side chain to be formed. The sulfonic acid group and / or carboxyl group is bonded to the fluoroether side chain so as to be adjacent to one (CFY 2 ) m — in the general formula (I).
- the fluoroether side chain is preferably one that is ether-bonded to a carbon atom constituting a fluoroethylene unit in the main chain of the fluoropolymer.
- the “fluoroethylene unit” refers to a part of the molecular structure of the fluoropolymer, which is derived from a perfluorovinyl group contained in the monomer of the fluoropolymer. .
- the above-mentioned perfluorovinyl group is usually derived from a fluorovinyl ether derivative obtained by bonding the above-mentioned perfluorovinyl group and the above-mentioned fluoroether side chain.
- the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention (i is for producing the above fluoropolymer dispersion, and the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion (i i) is a shall such a hydrolysis step to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer by hydrolyzing fluoropolymer precursor an SOsX 1 and / or one CO Z 1 having the in aqueous based medium.
- the “aqueous medium” means a medium in which the hydrolysis is performed in the hydrolysis step, and is composed of water.
- the hydrolysis is performed in an aqueous dispersion composed of an aqueous medium and the fluoropolymer precursor.
- the aqueous dispersion in which the hydrolysis is carried out uses an aqueous medium as a dispersion medium, and at least before the start of the hydrolysis, at least fine particles composed of the fluoropolymer precursor are used as a dispersoid. After the completion of the moisture angle step, at least fine particles comprising the above fluoropolymer are used as the dispersoid.
- the aqueous medium may be a water-soluble organic solvent together with water, as long as the medium is made of water.
- the hydrolysis step includes the step of:
- the method comprises an alkali treatment step of treating the body with an alkali (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an alkali treatment step ( AaIk )).
- the hydrolysis step is hereinafter referred to as hydrolysis step (A).
- the fluoropolymer precursor having one SO 2 X 1 and Z or one COZ 1 is hereinafter referred to as a fluoropolymer precursor (P).
- the fluoropolymer precursor (P) is preferably one having one SOzX 1.
- X 1 represents a halogen atom.
- the halogen atom of X 1 is not particularly limited, and may be any of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom
- 1 is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom.
- Z 1 represents an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of Z 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably an n-alkoxyl group, more preferably a methoxy group.
- the one SC ⁇ X 1 is an S_ ⁇ 2 F, is set to the one COZ 1, it is preferable that an COOCH 3.
- SOzX 1 and Z or COZ 1 of the fluoropolymer precursor (P) becomes an acid salt type group.
- the “acid salt type group” means a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxyl group which form a salt.
- the acid salt type group preferably forms an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt.
- the hydrolysis step (A) comprises, after the alkali treatment step (A alk ), a step of neutralizing treatment with an acid (hereinafter, may be referred to as an acid treatment step (A acd )). It is preferable that By performing the acid treatment step (A ac d ), the acid salt type group obtained by performing the alkali treatment step (A alk ) becomes a sulfonate group and a no or carboxyl group.
- the end point of the hydrolysis reaction in the hydrolysis step (A) can be detected by consuming no alkali and acid and stabilizing the pH.
- the hydrolysis step (A) comprises, after the alkali treatment step (A alk ), a step of removing low-molecular substances (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a low-molecular substance removal step ( Armv )). It is preferable that The low-molecular substance is produced by treating a monomer, a polymerization initiator residue, an unnecessary low-molecular-weight polymer, or a fluorine-containing polymer precursor (P) remaining in the polymerization reaction process with an alkali. If there are any emulsifier residues used in the polymerization reaction, these can also be removed.
- a centrifugal separation method, an electrophoresis method, an ultrafiltration method, or the like can be used.
- an ultrafiltration method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method for removing low molecular substances using an ultrafiltration apparatus having an ultrafiltration membrane. Examples thereof include a centrifugal ultrafiltration method and a circulating ultrafiltration method. Examples include a filtration method.
- the ultrafiltration membrane and the ultrafiltration apparatus having the ultrafiltration membrane are appropriately selected depending on the molecular weight and type of the low-molecular substance to be removed, the type of the aqueous medium, the molecular weight and the type of the fluorine-containing polymer, and the like.
- the ultrafiltration apparatus having the ultrafiltration membrane a commercially available ultrafiltration apparatus can be suitably used. For research use, for example, Centriprep (manufactured by Amicon), Millitan (manufactured by Millipore) and the like are available. Are listed.
- the ultrafiltration step the concentration of the obtained fluoropolymer is also reduced. It can be carried out.
- a fluoropolymer solid composition obtained by concentrating and drying a fluoropolymer monodispersion purified by the above-mentioned ultrafiltration method or the like is preferable because it has few impurities.
- the low molecular substance removing step (A rmv) may be Gyotsu prior to said acid treatment step (A acd), may be performed after the acid treatment step (A a cd).
- the fluoropolymer prior precursor is the one SOsX 1 and / or one CO Z 1 fluoromonomer having a (Pm) as one S0 2 X 2
- X 2 is represents an OM 3 or one OM 4 1/2
- M 3 represents an alkali metals or NRiRSRSR 4, RR 2, R 3 ⁇ Pi R 4 are the same or different
- a hydrogen atom or a carbon number 1 to 4 represents an alkyl group
- M 4 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- / or one COOZ 2 Z 2 represents M 5 or M 6 1/2
- M 5 represents alkali metal or NR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8 ,
- R 5 , R 6 , 17 and 18 are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M 6 is an alkaline earth
- the hydrolysis step is hereinafter referred to as a hydrolysis step (B).
- the fluorine-containing monomer (Pm) is than also have an SC ⁇ X 1, the fluorine-containing monomer (Qm) is preferably one having one S_ ⁇ 2 X 2.
- X 2 represents one OM 3 or one OM 4 1/2
- M 3 represents an alkali metal or NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4
- RR 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different
- M 4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M 4 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and may be any of a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- the alkali metal is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, Li, Na, K :, and Cs.
- the alkaline earth metal is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, Mg and Ca. .
- Said Z 2 represents M 5 or M 6 1/2
- M 5 represents an alkali metal or NR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8
- R 5, R 6, R 7 and R 8 are the same or different
- M 6 represents an alkaline earth metal. Is not particularly restricted but includes alkali metal, Al force Li earth metal and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the same ones listed above X 2 and the like.
- the fluoropolymer precursor obtained by the above polymerization reaction step is, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula (III)
- CF 2 C FO— (CFsCFY 1 —O) n — (CFY 2 ) m _A 2 (III)
- Y 1 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group. Represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- ⁇ ⁇ 1 may be the same or different
- ⁇ 2 represents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom
- m represents an integer of 1 to 5
- M Y 2 may be the same or different
- a 2 represents one S OsX 1 and Z or one COZ 1.
- X 1 represents a halogen atom
- Z 1 Represents an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a 3 represents one S0 2 X 2 and / or one COOZ 2
- X 2 represents one OM 3 or one OM 4 1/2
- M 3 represents an alkali metal or NRiRSRSR 4
- RR 2 R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M 4 is an alkali earth
- Z 2 represents M 5 or M 6 1/2
- M 5 represents an alkali metal or NR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8
- R 5 , R 6 , 1 ⁇ 7 and 8 represent The same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M 6 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- Qml fluorine-containing monomer
- the polymer chain composed of the nitrogen monomer (Qm) and the fluorine-containing monomer (Qm) Since the polymer chain composed of the nitrogen monomer (Qm) and the fluorine-containing monomer (Qm) has an emulsifying action, it is not necessary to add an emulsifier which is usually used in conventional emulsion polymerization, and therefore, There is no need to remove the emulsifier.
- one SO and / or one CO Z 1 is next to salt groups having a polymer chain composed of the fluoromonomer (Pm), then the acid treatment step (B acd ), the acid salt type group becomes a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxyl group, and one SO 2 X 2 and / or one COOZ 2 of the polymer chain composed of the fluorine-containing monomer (Qm) becomes sulfone. It becomes an acid group and Z or a carboxyl group.
- the end point of the hydrolysis reaction in the hydrolysis reaction (B) can be detected by consuming no alkali and acid and stabilizing the pH.
- the fluoropolymer precursor is, for example, a polymer comprising a fluoromonomer (Qm) obtained by polymerizing the fluoromonomer (Qm); Pm) may be used as a seed polymer obtained by polymerization in the coexistence.
- the above-mentioned seed polymer has an emulsifying action similarly to the polymer chain comprising the above-mentioned fluorine-containing monomer (Qm) and the above-mentioned fluorine-containing monomer (Pm). Therefore, there is no need to remove the emulsifier in a subsequent step.
- the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention is characterized in that a post-process is unnecessary, and thus a fluoropolymer dispersion and a fluoropolymer solid composition having a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxyl group are used. It can be said that this is a method that can be manufactured efficiently.
- the hydrolysis step (B) comprises an alkali treatment step (B alk ) followed by a step of removing low molecular substances (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a low molecular substance removal step (B rmv )). It is preferable that The above-mentioned low-molecular substance is produced by treating a monomer, a polymerization initiator residue, an unnecessary low-molecular-weight polymer, or a fluorine-containing polymer precursor remaining in the polymerization reaction step with an alkali. , those such as described above with a low molecular substance removing step (a rmv) and the like, can be removed and another low molecular substances like the low molecular weight substance removing step (a rm v).
- the low molecular substance removing step (B rmv) can be carried out by the same method as the above-mentioned low-molecular substance removing step (A rmv), and ultrafiltration in the above low-molecular substance removing step (A rmv) Preferably, a similar ultrafiltration method is used.
- the low molecular substance removing step (B rmv) may be Gyotsu prior to said acid treatment step (B acd), may be performed after the acid treatment step (B acd).
- the fluoropolymer precursor has one SO 2 X ⁇ (X 1 represents a halogen atom), it is usually unstable by coagulation due to the addition of an acid. Since the process for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion involves the addition of an alcohol, the fluoropolymer precursor is dispersed in an aqueous medium without coagulation unless the alcohol is rapidly added. In this case, it is possible to quantitatively convert one SOsX 1 to a sulfonate type group.
- Fluoropolymer dispersion production method of the present invention is for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion, _ so 2 X and Z or the fluoropolymer precursor has
- the CO Z 1 is made of a hydrolysis step to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer by hydrolyzing in an aqueous medium.
- the “fluorine-containing polymer precursor” means a polymer that becomes the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer through the hydrolysis step.
- X represents a halogen atom, 1 OM 3 or 1 OM 4 1/2
- M 3 represents an alkali metal or NR 9 R 1 ° R 11 R 12
- M 4 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- the halogen atom for X include the same as those described above for X 1 .
- the one SO 2 X is an S_ ⁇ 2 F, is set to the one COZ 1, it is preferable that an COOCH 3.
- one so 2 x and Z or one COZ 1 the fluoropolymer precursor has is the kind of X and / or Z 1, Luke or salt through the salt groups without passing through the mold group, it serves as an S0 3 _ and / or one COO-.
- the hydrolysis step may be performed using an alkali and an acid for neutralization.
- the fluoropolymer precursor is composed of one SO (X 1 represents a halogen atom) and
- the hydrolysis is carried out using an alkali and an acid in this order for neutralization.
- I can.
- One SO s X 1 and / or one COZ 1 fluoropolymer precursor has become acid salt groups followed by treatment with have use an acid, the acid salt group Can be a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxyl group.
- the alkali used in the hydrolysis step is not particularly limited, and may be any alkali that is usually used for hydrolysis.
- Examples include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
- Examples of the hydroxide include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and the like.
- the acid used in the hydrolysis step is not particularly limited, and may be any acid used for the hydrolysis, and examples thereof include mineral acids.
- mineral acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
- the same alkali and acid used in the above-mentioned hydrolysis step can be used in the above-mentioned hydrolysis step (A) and hydrolysis step (B).
- the hydrolysis step is performed in the aqueous medium.
- the aqueous medium may be derived from an aqueous reaction medium for a polymerization reaction described below.
- the polymerization reaction is for obtaining the fluoropolymer precursor.
- a polymerization reaction for obtaining a fluoropolymer precursor may be referred to as a polymerization reaction step.
- the polymerization reaction for obtaining the fluoropolymer precursor is preferably emulsion polymerization, as described later.
- the polymerization reaction is emulsion polymerization, it is performed in an aqueous reaction medium.
- the above-mentioned "aqueous reaction medium” is a medium in which a polymerization reaction is carried out, and means a medium made of water.
- the polymerization reaction is performed in an aqueous dispersion composed of the aqueous reaction medium and fine particles of a fluoropolymer precursor generated by the polymerization reaction. Things.
- the aqueous dispersion in which the polymerization reaction is performed is a dispersion in which the aqueous reaction medium is used as a dispersion medium and fine particles made of the fluorine-containing polymer precursor are used as a dispersoid.
- the aqueous reaction medium may be composed of a water-soluble organic solvent together with water as long as it is composed of water. However, it is preferable that the aqueous reaction medium has no water-soluble organic solvent.
- the aqueous reaction medium includes a surfactant, a stabilizer, an existing emulsifier described below, which is generally used for an aqueous dispersion. It may contain an additive such as an emulsifying agent.
- the aqueous reaction medium can be subjected to a hydrolysis reaction as it is in the hydrolysis step after the polymerization reaction step.
- the aqueous medium in the hydrolysis step can be directly used as the aqueous dispersion medium of the fluoropolymer dispersion described above.
- the aqueous dispersion medium is derived from the aqueous medium.
- the aqueous medium is a dispersion medium of an aqueous dispersion in which the hydrolysis is performed, and the aqueous dispersion medium is a dispersion medium of a fluoropolymer monodispersion obtained through the hydrolysis step of performing the hydrolysis.
- the aqueous medium, the aqueous dispersion medium, and the aqueous reaction dispersion medium are conceptually different in that the aqueous reaction medium is a dispersion medium of an aqueous dispersion in which the polymerization reaction is performed.
- the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned hydrolysis step and, as described below, the above-mentioned polymerization reaction step, the fluoropolymer dispersion is passed through the above-mentioned polymerization reaction step and the above-mentioned hydrolysis step.
- the production of the dispersion can be carried out in an aqueous system.
- the above “in an aqueous system” means in a medium composed of water.
- the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention can be carried out in a medium composed of water, from the end of the polymerization reaction step and the end of the polymerization reaction step to the production of the fluoropolymer dispersion through the hydrolysis step. it can.
- an aqueous reaction medium can be used.
- the aqueous reaction medium can be used as an aqueous medium in the hydrolysis step after the completion of the polymerization reaction step, and this aqueous medium is used as an aqueous dispersion medium of the fluorine-containing polymer dispersion after the end of the hydrolysis step. Is what you can do.
- the method for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion according to the present invention is characterized in that the production of the fluoropolymer dispersion through the polymerization reaction step and the hydrolysis step as described above is carried out in an aqueous system.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion can be produced without drying the fluoropolymer.
- the above "without drying the fluorine-containing polymer precursor and the fluorine-containing polymer" refers to the fluorine-containing polymer It means that the precursor and the fluoropolymer are present in the aqueous medium.
- the fluoropolymer precursor and fluoropolymer is present in the aqueous medium, the fluoropolymer precursor by type of Z 1 in kind and Z or one COZ 1 of X in an S0 2 X described above
- the intermediate having an acid salt group which may be formed before the fluoropolymer is obtained through a hydrolysis step from the above, is formed in the aqueous medium, and forms a sulfonic acid group and a Z or power boxyl group. It will be present in the above aqueous medium until it is converted into a fluorine-containing polymer having the same.
- the reaction temperature in the water addition angle step is not particularly limited, and may be room temperature. However, from the viewpoint of the reaction rate, the reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of 30 to 100 ° C.
- the concentration of the fluoropolymer precursor at the time of performing the above hydrolysis is not particularly limited, but if the concentration is 5 to 15 mass ° / 0 of the aqueous medium, the dispersion comprising the aqueous medium and the fluoropolymer precursor is used. Is in the preferred range, and the particles of the fluoropolymer precursor are uniformly distributed, so that the hydrolysis proceeds smoothly.
- the same reaction temperature can be applied to the hydrolysis step (A) and the hydrolysis step (B).
- ultrafiltration is performed to remove the monomer, polymerization initiator residue, unnecessary low molecular weight polymer, or fluorine-containing polymer remaining in the polymerization reaction step.
- Those generated by treating the precursor with an alkali can be removed, and when an emulsifier or the like after the polymerization reaction is present, these can also be removed.
- the fluorine-containing polymer precursor has the following general formula (II)
- Y 1 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- ⁇ represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- ⁇ ⁇ 1 may be the same or different.
- ⁇ 2 represents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom,
- m represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- m Y 2 may be the same or different, and
- a 1 is , One S0 2 X or —COZ 1.
- X represents a halogen atom, one OM 3 or one OM 4 1/2
- M 3 represents an alkali metal or NR 9 ! ⁇ 10 ! ⁇ 11 !
- M 4 represents an alkaline earth metal
- R 9, R 1 0 s R 11 and R 12 are the same or different and each represents.
- Z 1 an alkyl group of a hydrogen atom or to 4 carbon atoms Table 1 to 4 alkoxyl groups
- the fluoropolymer precursor is obtained by polymerizing the fluorofluoroether derivative, 1 SO 2 X and / or 1 COZ 1 hydrolyzed in the above-mentioned hydrolysis step Is derived from the fluorovinyl ether derivative represented by the above general formula (II).
- n in the above general formula (II) represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- N is preferably 0 or 1.
- M in the above general formula (II) represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- the above m is preferably 2.
- Y 1 in the general formula (II) represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, and the n Y 1 s may be the same or different.
- Y 2 in the above general formula (II) represents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and m Y 2 may be the same or different.
- the perfluoroalkyl group is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group and the like.
- Y 1 is preferably a trifluoromethyl group
- Y 2 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- X in the general formula (II) is the same as described above.
- a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom in a halogen atom in the above Symbol X, and a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom in Y 1, and the fluorine atom or a chlorine atom Y 2, may be the same, even though different dates Good.
- Z 1 in the above general formula (II) may be the same as described above.
- Y 1 in the above general formula (II) is a trifluoromethyl group
- Y 2 is a fluorine atom
- n is 0 or 1
- m is 2
- the fluoropolymer precursor is usually a copolymer of the fluorovinyl ether derivative and a monomer copolymerizable with the fluorovinyl ether derivative, and the fluorofluoroether derivative and the fluoroethylenic It is preferably a binary or higher copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer.
- the fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer is not particularly limited as long as it has a vinyl group. It is different from the ter derivative.
- fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer for example, the following general formula
- Rf 1 is a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an R f 2 or one OR f 2
- R f 2 is the number 1-9 of have an ether oxygen may linear even or carbon
- Y 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom
- Y 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, R f 3 or one OR f 3.
- R f 3 has 1 to 1 carbon atoms.
- 9 represents a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group which may have an ether oxygen.9) and a hydrogen-containing fluoroethylenic monomer represented by the following formula:
- the fluorinated ethylenic monomer one or more kinds can be used.
- other copolymerizable monomers may be used as long as the basic performance as the fluorine-containing polymer is not impaired.
- a monomer may be added.
- the above-mentioned other copolymerizable monomers are not particularly limited, and include, for example, copolymerization depending on purposes such as control of polymerization rate, control of polymer composition, control of mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, introduction of crosslinking sites, and the like.
- the fluoropolymer precursor is preferably a content I 5 to 4 0 mole 0/0 Full O b Bulle ether derivative unit.
- 5 mole 0 / is less than 0, there is a case where the performance as an electrolyte of the resulting fluoropolymer decreases, 4 0 when the mole% is exceeded, the mechanical of obtained using a fluorine-containing polymer obtained film The strength may be insufficient.
- the fluorovinyl ether on the surface of the fluoropolymer particles may be used.
- the content of the derivative unit needs to be within the above range.
- a more preferred lower limit is 8 mole 0/0, and a more preferred upper limit is 35 mol 0/0.
- the “fluorovinyl ether derivative unit” is a part of the molecular structure of the fluoropolymer precursor, and means a part derived from the fluorovinyl ether derivative.
- the “content of the fluorovinyl ether derivative unit” refers to a fluorovinyl ether derivative unit, which is a mole of the monomer derived from all monomer units in the molecule of the fluoropolymer precursor. Is the ratio of the number of moles of the fluorovinyl ether derivative derived therefrom.
- the “all monomer units” are all of the moieties derived from monomers in the molecular structure of the fluoropolymer precursor.
- the “monomer from which all the monomer units are derived” is, therefore, the total amount of the monomers that constitute the fluorine-containing polymer precursor.
- the content of the above-mentioned fluorovule ether derivative unit is a value obtained by using infrared absorption spectrum analysis [IR] or melt NMR at 300 ° C.
- the process for producing a fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned hydrolysis step, and further comprises a polymerization reaction step of performing a polymerization reaction.
- the above-mentioned polymerization reaction is performed to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer precursor. belongs to.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably performed in an aqueous reaction medium.
- the polymerization reaction is based on emulsion polymerization.
- the method of emulsification includes emulsifiers usually used in conventional emulsion polymerization.
- existing emulsifier or a method having an emulsifying action and different from the above-mentioned existing emulsifier (hereinafter referred to as “emulsifying agent”).
- Agent ". ) May be used instead of the existing emulsifier to emulsify, or may be a method of emulsifying using both the existing emulsifier and the emulsifier.
- emulsion polymerization means polymerization performed in the above-mentioned aqueous reaction medium using an existing emulsifier and / or an emulsifier.
- the above-mentioned existing emulsifier is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used as an emulsifier in conventional emulsion polymerization, but in the present specification, an organic compound having a surfactant activity and having no unsaturated bond is used. means.
- having the above-mentioned surfactant activity means having a micelle-forming ability.
- the unsaturated bond is usually a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the organic compound having the surfactant activity and having no unsaturated bond may be any one of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a Noeon surfactant and a betaine surfactant. In this respect, anionic surfactants are preferred.
- a fluorine-containing emulsifier such as a salt of the above-mentioned fluorin
- an alkali metal salt for example, an alkali metal salt, an ammonium salt, an amine salt, Quaternary ammonium salts and the like.
- examples of the above-mentioned ayuon surfactant include ammonium perfluorooctanoate [C 7 F 15 COONH 4 ] and ammonium perfluorononanoate [C 8 F 17 CO 2] in terms of weather resistance and water resistance. ONH 4 ] and the like.
- Examples of the emulsifying agent include a sulfonic acid salt.
- emulsifying agent examples include the following general formula (V I I)
- Y 1 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group.
- ⁇ represents an integer of 0 to 3.
- ⁇ ⁇ 1 may be the same or different. and may.
- Upsilon 2 represents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
- m represents an integer of 1 ⁇ 5.
- m Y 2 may be the same or different.
- Alpha 6 shows an S0 2 X 3, - represents the S0 2 NR 17 R 18 and / or one COOZ 3.
- X 3 represents one OM 5 or one OM 6 1/2 ;
- M 5 represents an alkali metal or NI ⁇ RSRSR 4 ;
- RR 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- M 6 represents an alkyl group of the formulas 1 to 4, and M 6 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- R 17 and R 18 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or a sulfol-containing group.
- Z 3 represents M 7 or M 8 1/2
- M 7 represents an alkali metal or NR 5 R 6 R 7 R 8
- R 5, R 6, 1 7 and 1 8 are the same or different
- M 8 represents an alkaline earth metal.
- An acid / acid salt type fluororubier ether derivative represented by the following formula (V): CF 2 CF-0- (CF 2 CF Y′-O) ⁇ — (CFY 2 ) m — A 4 (V)
- Y 1 Y eta ⁇ Pi m is the same. N-number of Y 1 may be different I be the same stone. M-number of Y 2 may be the same and it may be different.
- a 4 shows an S0 2 X 3 or represents. 3 and 2 3 an COOZ 3 is a salt-type full O b Bulle ether derivative represented by the same.) above.
- the above acid oxyfluoride-type fluorovinyl ether derivatives and acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether derivatives have an emulsifying action in emulsion polymerization, and are ethylenic compounds, so that they are added as monomers in the polymerization reaction to form a fluoropolymer.
- the polymerization can be performed so as to form at least a part of the molecular structure of the precursor.
- the fluorine-containing polymer precursor obtained by polymerizing the above-mentioned acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether derivative or acid salt-type fluorovinyl ether derivative can also have an emulsifying effect.
- the fluorine-containing monomer (Qm) is A 6 in the above-mentioned general formula (VII) among the above acid salt-type fluorobutyl ether derivatives, that is, the acid salt-type fluorine-containing monomer.
- a 4 to definitive by the general formula of b-ether derivative (V) may be one which is an S_ ⁇ 2 X 3.
- the above-mentioned fluorinated monomer (Qm) and the polymer chain composed of the fluorinated monomer (Qm) serve as an emulsifier. Therefore, the aqueous medium may not have the existing emulsifier.
- the fluoropolymer precursor (Q) is obtained by carrying out a polymerization reaction in an aqueous reaction medium having no existing emulsifier as described above.
- an existing emulsifier may be used, or an emulsifying agent may be used without using the existing emulsifier.
- a fluororubber ether derivative or an acid salt type fluororubier ether derivative it is not necessary to remove the emulsifier, and in addition, a substance having an emulsifying action can be used as a monomer.
- an emulsifying agent without using an existing emulsifier.
- the number of particles of the obtained fluoropolymer precursor may be reduced and the particle size may be increased, and a load may be applied to the ultrafiltration membrane in the above-described step of removing low molecular substances.
- seed polymerization In order to increase the number of particles of the fluoropolymer precursor, a so-called “seed polymerization” in which a large amount of an existing emulsifier or an emulsifier is used to dilute the polymerized polymer and continue the polymerization is called “seed polymerization”. It can be performed.
- the existing emulsifier and / or emulsifying agents used in the emulsion polymerization 'generally, 0. 0 1 1 0 weight of the aqueous reaction medium 0/0 used.
- the above polymerization reaction can be performed according to a usual method except that the above emulsifying agent can be used.
- the above polymerization reaction may be performed using a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and may be any one usually used for polymerization of a fluoropolymer, and examples thereof include organic peroxides, inorganic peroxides, and azo compounds. In particular, it is preferable to use ammonium persulfate [APS].
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator is preferably 0.011% by mass of the total of all the monomers used in the polymerization reaction.
- the pH of the aqueous reaction medium in the above polymerization reaction is preferably 4 to 7.
- the polymerization reaction proceeds smoothly, and the fluorinated ether derivative and / or the fluoropolymer precursor during the polymerization reaction have One SO 2 X and / or one Coz 1 of hydrolysis can be minimized.
- the polymerization reaction resulting fluoropolymer precursor when used acid salt full O b ether derivative represented by the above general formula mentioned (V) as emulsifying agent, one above so 2 x 3 And / or one COOZ 4 .
- the above-mentioned one so 2 x 3 can be converted to a sulfonic acid group by performing an acid treatment using an acid.
- the above-mentioned acid treatment step (A acd ) and the acid treatment step The same method as (B a cd ) can be used.
- the polymerization reaction may be carried out by so-called iodine transfer polymerization in which a block polymer is obtained by copolymerization in the presence of an iodine compound.
- Y 1 represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group
- ⁇ represents an integer of 0 to 3
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 may be the same or different. Also Good.
- Y 2 represents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
- m represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- m atoms of Y 2 may be different or may be identical.
- a 5 represents one SOzX—COZ 1 and Z or —CONR 19 R 2 °.
- X 1 represents a halogen atom.
- Z 1 represents an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 1 to 19 and 12 ° are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkyl group or a sulfol-containing group.
- the polymerization reaction of the fluorovinyl ether derivative (Rm) represented by) is carried out in an aqueous reaction medium to produce an acid-derived group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer. This is carried out using an acid-acid salt type fluorobutyl ether derivative represented by the above general formula (VII). Examples of the aqueous reaction medium include those described above.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably one based on emulsion polymerization.
- a polymerization reaction may be carried out by using an existing emulsifier in combination. Since it functions as an active agent, emulsification is possible without using an existing emulsifier, as described above for the polymerization reaction using an emulsifying agent, and the resulting acid-derived group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer has an emulsifying effect. There is an advantage that it can be done. When the existing emulsifier is not used, there is no need to remove the existing emulsifier after polymerization, so it is economical and can contribute to simplifying the process, and it is easy to obtain a high-purity product.
- the disadvantages include, for example, foaming and coloring of the membrane and corrosion of the inner wall of the dryer due to the decomposition of the existing emulsifier.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably carried out without using an existing emulsifier.
- the method for producing an acid-derived type group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer of the present invention is to produce an acid-derived type group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer.
- a dispersion obtained by dispersing particles comprising an acid-derived type group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer in an aqueous medium In the second dispersion obtained by subjecting the first dispersion obtained by the above to post-treatments such as coagulation, coagulation, and stabilization.
- the acid-derived group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer has A 5 in the above general formula (VI) derived from the fluororubier ether derivative (Rm), and the A 5 is — SOzX 1 or COZ 1 ( 1 and sigma 1 is the point which may have the same) above are common to a fluorine-containing polymer first precursor described above.
- the acid-derived group-containing fluorine-containing copolymer is preferably obtained by polymerizing a fluoropolymer precursor preferably represented by the above general formula (II).
- Formula (II) has the same chemical structure as general formula (VI).
- the acid derived group-containing fluorocopolymer has the full O robin El ether induction body (Rm) the general formula of proton conductivity obtained by hydrolyzing the A 5 in (VI) functional group having derived from In that it can be used in a membrane having an ion exchange capacity and a high port transfer capacity such as an electrolyte membrane, the performance of the membrane can be improved.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention can also be easily obtained by dispersing the fluoropolymer solid composition in a liquid medium as described above.
- the method for dispersing the fluoropolymer solid composition of the present invention in a liquid medium is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using a disperser or other agitator, a method using a medium disperser such as a sand grinder, A method of irradiating a sound wave is exemplified, and a method of irradiating an ultrasonic wave is particularly preferable in terms of simplicity.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention may be one in which a certain kind of liquid medium within the range of the above-mentioned liquid medium is replaced by another kind of liquid medium by an ordinary method.
- a relatively high-boiling liquid such as N-methylpyrrolidone is added to a fluoropolymer dispersion composed of a relatively low-boiling liquid medium such as water, and the mixture is heated to evaporate the low-boiling liquid medium. By removing it, a fluoropolymer dispersion dispersed in a high-boiling liquid medium can be obtained.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion produced by the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion production method is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention is suitable for thin film forming applications by blending an alcohol as needed and impregnating a porous support described later to form a film or casting to form a film. Can be used.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of the present invention can also be used for forming a thick film by blending polyethylene glycol or the like as necessary.
- the alcohol to be blended as required is not particularly limited, and may be any alcohol that is usually blended in a polymer dispersion for forming a thin film, for example, a linear or branched C1-C5 alcohol.
- Examples of the alkynol which may be substituted by a fluorine atom include those having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Such alcohols are not particularly limited, and include, for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tetrafluoropropanol and the like. Examples of the above tetrafluoropropanol include 2, 2, 3, and 3-tetrafluoropropanol.
- the dispersion composition for forming a thin film of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion and at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol and tetrafluoropropanol. It is.
- the above tetrafluoropropanol is preferably 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol.
- the alcohol only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used.
- the amount of the alcohol to be added is preferably 10 to 80% by volume based on the fluoropolymer dispersion.
- the dispersion composition for forming a thin film has characteristics such as film forming properties of the dispersion composition for forming a thin film. It may contain other components other than the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion and the above-mentioned alcohol, as long as the properties are not impaired. Examples of the other components include alcohols other than the above alcohols, film-forming aids, and active substances described below.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion or the thin film-forming dispersion composition can be suitably used for forming a film.
- the “film” is a film including a so-called thin film, and is a concept including a film, a sheet, and the like.
- the above film may be a film obtained by, for example, cast film formation, impregnation, coating, or the like, and does not include a substrate, a porous support, and the like used at the time of film formation.
- the film of the present invention is obtained by performing cast film formation using the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion or the above-mentioned dispersion composition for forming a thin film.
- the above-mentioned “cast film” generally means that the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion or the above-mentioned dispersion composition for forming a thin film is applied to the surface of a substrate such as glass, and dried at ordinary temperature and / or under heating. It means to obtain a thin film by immersing in water and peeling it off from the surface of the base material.
- the film obtained by applying the fluoropolymer dispersion or the dispersion composition for forming a thin film may be easily dissolved in water or the like. It is preferable to perform drying under.
- “under normal temperature” is a temperature around 30 ° C.
- “under heating” is usually a temperature of 80 to 400 ° C.
- the drying temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the film of the present invention is also obtained by impregnating a porous support with the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion or the above-mentioned dispersion composition for forming a thin film, and then removing the liquid medium.
- the liquid medium can usually be removed by drying at normal temperature and / or under heating.
- a film obtained by impregnating the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion or the above-mentioned dispersion composition for forming a thin film can be easily dissolved in water or the like when the above-mentioned drying is carried out only at normal temperature, and therefore at least under heating. Drying is preferably performed.
- the “drying under heating” in the above impregnation can be performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluoropolymer, for example, at 200 to 350 ° C.
- the porous support is not particularly limited as long as it has a porous structure, and may be any of organic and inorganic materials. Examples thereof include glass wool, ceramic, alumina, Examples thereof include a porous film made of polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE], carbon, a nonwoven fabric, and a film made of various polymers.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the thickness of the film obtained by performing the above-mentioned cast film formation and the film formed on the porous support are preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ .
- the thickness of the film obtained by performing the above-mentioned cast film formation and the film formed on the porous support are preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ .
- it is less than 5 / im the mechanical strength of the membrane is insufficient, and when it exceeds 50 / zm, for example, when used in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell described later, the performance as a fuel cell is reduced. It is not preferable because it may be performed.
- the concentration of the fine particles made of the fluoropolymer contained in the fluoropolymer dispersion is higher because the number of times of casting can be reduced and the volume shrinkage during drying can be suppressed. If the concentration is low, it is necessary to repeat the steps of casting and drying the fluoropolymer dispersion several times, particularly when obtaining a film having a thickness of several tens of ⁇ or more, which is not preferable.
- the active substance fixed body of the present invention comprises a fluoropolymer and an active substance, and comprises: the above-mentioned fluoropolymer dispersion or the above-mentioned dispersion composition for forming a thin film; and a liquid yarn comprising the above-mentioned active substance and force. It is obtained by applying the composition to a substrate. By coating the liquid composition on a substrate, the fluoropolymer and the active substance are fixed on the substrate.
- the active substance is not particularly limited as long as it has an activity in the active substance fixed body, and is appropriately selected according to the purpose of the active substance fixed body of the present invention.
- a catalyst is preferably used. May be able to.
- the above-mentioned catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used as an electrode catalyst.
- it is a metal containing platinum, ruthenium, or the like; an organometallic complex having a central metal usually composed of one or more metals. And an organometallic complex in which at least one of its central metals is platinum or ruthenium.
- the metal containing platinum, ruthenium, etc. may be a metal containing ruthenium, for example, ruthenium alone, but a metal containing platinum is preferred, and a metal containing platinum is particularly limited.
- a simple substance of platinum platinum black
- a platinum-ruthenium alloy platinum-ruthenium alloy
- the above catalyst is usually used by being supported on a carrier such as silica, alumina or carbon.
- the liquid composition is at least composed of the fluoropolymer dispersion or the dispersion composition for forming a thin film and the active substance, and may contain other components as necessary. . Examples of the other components include a film-forming aid.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, the above-described porous support, resin molded body, metal plate and the like, and an electrolyte membrane and a porous carbon electrode used for a fuel cell and the like are preferable.
- the electrolyte membrane is preferably made of a fluoropolymer, and may be made of the fluoropolymer.
- heating the liquid composition on the substrate means that the liquid composition is applied to the substrate, dried if necessary, and usually further heated at a temperature not lower than the melting point of the fluoropolymer. Become.
- the heating conditions are not particularly limited as long as the fluoropolymer and the active substance can be immobilized on the substrate, for example, at 200 to 350 ° C. for several minutes, for example, It is preferable to heat for 30 minutes.
- the electrolyte membrane of the present invention has the above-mentioned active substance fixed body.
- the electrolyte membrane may contain other substances other than the active substance fixed body as long as the properties of the active substance fixed body are not hindered.
- a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present invention has the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane.
- the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned electrolyte membrane, and usually includes components such as electrodes and gas constituting the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. May be.
- Example 1
- the content of the OCF 2 CF 2 S0 2 F unit was 16 mol%.
- a half-volume mixed solution of etano-l-uisopropanol and the like was added to obtain a dispersion composition for forming a thin film.
- the viscosity of the obtained thin film forming dispersion composition was about 0. 08 P a ⁇ S.
- the dispersion composition for forming a thin film was applied on a glass plate, it was dried at room temperature to obtain a colorless and transparent film.
- the obtained film was fixed by heat treatment at 300 ° C for 10 minutes, and immersed in pure water to peel the thin film from the glass plate.
- the resulting thin film had a thickness of 5-10 / xm.
- the above viscosity is a value obtained by measuring at 25 ° C. using a B-type viscometer.
- reaction solution after the hydrolysis was subjected to ultrafiltration by a centrifugal ultrafiltration method in the same manner as in (3) of Example 1 above, and the fluoropolymer precipitated due to the large particle size. Although separated, it was possible to redisperse the fluoropolymer by stirring in pure water.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in (4) of Example 1 described above, a dispersion composition for forming a thin film comprising the purified fluoropolymer dispersion was applied to a glass plate and dried at room temperature. There was, it was milky white. While heating, the film was heated to 300 ° C to be colorless and transparent, and a thin film could be obtained.
- Example 4
- the pressure began to drop.
- ⁇ 2 .
- the obtained fluoropolymer precursor dispersion can be treated in the same manner as in (2), (3) and (4) of Example 1 to obtain a fluoropolymer dispersion and a coating film. Met.
- Example 3 the fluoropolymer dispersion of Example 3 manufactured using the fluoropolymer precursor obtained by the polymerization reaction in the aqueous reaction medium containing neither the monomer having the function of the emulsifier nor the emulsifier was used.
- the coating was obtained in the form of a dispersion and could be formed into a film. It is manufactured using a fluorine-containing polymer precursor obtained by a polymerization reaction in an aqueous reaction medium containing a monomer having an emulsifier function or a demulsifier.
- the prepared fluoropolymer dispersion of Example 1 or 2 was more excellent in dispersibility, film forming property, and the like.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion of Example 4 produced using the fluoropolymer precursor obtained by using iodine transfer polymerization had no problems in dispersibility, film forming property, and the like.
- Example 5 Example 5
- the autoclave pressure was released and the polymerization was stopped. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain 2450 g of a slightly cloudy aqueous dispersion containing about 33% by mass of the fluoropolymer precursor.
- the fluoropolymer dispersion was diluted 100 times with pure water and dropped on an aluminum plate.
- a sample for particle shape measurement was prepared.
- the sample was measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM), and 20 of the particles in the obtained image were randomly extracted to measure the aspirat ratio and the average particle size. 0, lOO nm.
- a half-volume mixed solution of etano-lysopropanol in an equal volume was added to obtain a dispersion composition for forming a thin film.
- the viscosity of the obtained thin film forming dispersion composition was about 0.08 Pa ⁇ s.
- the dispersion composition for forming a thin film was applied on a glass plate, it was dried at room temperature to obtain a colorless and transparent film.
- the obtained film was fixed by heat treatment at 300 ° C for 10 minutes, and immersed in pure water to peel the thin film from the glass plate.
- the obtained thin film had a thickness of 12 to 17 / xm.
- the above viscosity is a value obtained by measuring at 25 ° C. using a B-type viscometer.
- the autoclave pressure was released and the polymerization was stopped. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain 2470 g of a slightly cloudy aqueous dispersion containing about 33% by mass of the fluoropolymer precursor.
- a dried fluoropolymer precursor was obtained from the aqueous dispersion in the same manner as in Example 5.
- the aspect ratio of the polymer particles in the obtained fluoropolymer dispersion was 1.1, and the average particle size was 60 nm.
- a fluoropolymer dispersion obtained by dispersing a fluoropolymer having an acid-acid salt group can be produced in an aqueous system.
- the obtained fluoropolymer dispersion and fluoropolymer solid composition can be suitably used particularly for an electrolyte membrane of a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
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Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002490136A CA2490136C (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-16 | Fluoropolymer dispersion and process for producing fluoropolymer dispersion |
| AT03792618T ATE524499T1 (de) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-16 | Fluorpolymerdispersion und verfahren zur herstellung einer fluorpolymerdispersion |
| US10/518,052 US20050228127A1 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-16 | Fluoropolymer dispersion and process for producing fluoropolymer dispersion |
| JP2005501226A JP4123272B2 (ja) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-16 | 含フッ素ポリマー分散体及び含フッ素ポリマー分散体製造方法 |
| KR1020047020413A KR100608199B1 (ko) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-16 | 불소 함유 중합체 분산체 및 불소 함유 중합체 분산체의제조 방법 |
| AU2003244123A AU2003244123A1 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-16 | Fluoropolymer dispersion and process for producing fluoropolymer dispersion |
| EP03792618A EP1535935B1 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-06-16 | Fluoropolymer dispersion and process for producing fluoropolymer dispersion |
| US13/846,661 US9109053B2 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2013-03-18 | Fluoropolymer dispersion and process for producing fluoropolymer dispersion |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2005054363A1 (ja) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-06-16 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物及びフッ素系架橋体製造方法 |
| JP2006257423A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Solvay Solexis Spa | イオノマー膜 |
| JP2006310253A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-11-09 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | プロトン伝導膜およびその製造方法 |
| JP2007510036A (ja) * | 2003-10-30 | 2007-04-19 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 官能化フルオロモノマーの水性乳化重合 |
| JP2009541963A (ja) * | 2006-06-28 | 2009-11-26 | ソルヴェイ・ソレクシス・エッセ・ピ・ア | 燃料電池用途の触媒−ポリマー液状分散体 |
| WO2018070420A1 (ja) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素ポリマーの粉体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2023106602A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 組成物の製造方法、及び、組成物 |
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| JP2007510036A (ja) * | 2003-10-30 | 2007-04-19 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 官能化フルオロモノマーの水性乳化重合 |
| JP2012140634A (ja) * | 2003-10-30 | 2012-07-26 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | 官能化フルオロモノマーの水性乳化重合 |
| US7847001B2 (en) | 2003-12-01 | 2010-12-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Liquid fluoropolymer composition and process for producing crosslinked fluorochemical |
| JPWO2005054363A1 (ja) * | 2003-12-01 | 2007-06-28 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物及びフッ素系架橋体製造方法 |
| WO2005054363A1 (ja) * | 2003-12-01 | 2005-06-16 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物及びフッ素系架橋体製造方法 |
| JP4839837B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-01 | 2011-12-21 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素ポリマー液状組成物及びフッ素系架橋体製造方法 |
| JP2006257423A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Solvay Solexis Spa | イオノマー膜 |
| JP2006310253A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-11-09 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | プロトン伝導膜およびその製造方法 |
| JP2009541963A (ja) * | 2006-06-28 | 2009-11-26 | ソルヴェイ・ソレクシス・エッセ・ピ・ア | 燃料電池用途の触媒−ポリマー液状分散体 |
| WO2018070420A1 (ja) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素ポリマーの粉体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2018065992A (ja) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素ポリマーの粉体及びその製造方法 |
| TWI691515B (zh) * | 2016-10-14 | 2020-04-21 | 日商大金工業股份有限公司 | 含氟聚合物之粉體及其製造方法 |
| US11028199B2 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2021-06-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fluoropolymer powder and method for producing same |
| JP2023106602A (ja) * | 2019-04-26 | 2023-08-01 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 組成物の製造方法、及び、組成物 |
| JP7557152B2 (ja) | 2019-04-26 | 2024-09-27 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 組成物の製造方法、及び、組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1535935A4 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
| JP5029282B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
| JPWO2004018527A1 (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
| EP2365008A1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| EP1535935B1 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| CA2490136C (en) | 2009-08-18 |
| KR100608199B1 (ko) | 2006-08-08 |
| KR20050013134A (ko) | 2005-02-02 |
| CA2490136A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
| JP2008144139A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
| CN1662563A (zh) | 2005-08-31 |
| EP2365008B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| CN100480281C (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
| AU2003244123A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| US20130225764A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
| JP4123272B2 (ja) | 2008-07-23 |
| US20050228127A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
| ATE524499T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
| US9109053B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
| EP1535935A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
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