WO2004003460A1 - Projectile or warhead - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid polyvalent projectile (multi-purpose projectile), a hybrid polyvalent warhead or flying body with a fragmentation, discoid, annular, hollow or penetrator charge head in combination with a module of an active laterally-effective penetrator (ALP). Active supports using the ALP and PELE (Penetrator with high Lateral Effect) principles including KE penetrators and projectiles with fragmentation heads or devices for acceleration of axial action bodies are optimally linked whereby the pyrotechnic unit serves both the ALP and the pyrotechnically active piece/fragmentation piece as a pressure generating/accelerating element. The reduced terminal ballistic power of ALP projectiles on low impact velocities is compensated by an additional device which either brings about the axial effect as a pyrotechnical unit ( penetrator, hollow, disc or ring charge) or accelerates fragments in the desired directions. Projectiles or warheads are thus achieved with a capacity balance and effective scope not previously achievable and not to be exceeded in the multiplicity of combinations and total effect spectrum. Figures 1A to 1C show examples with external ballistic shells (5). In figure 1A a short construction (for example as spin-stabilised projectile) (1) with an element (7A) controlled by means of the signal line (10) with a fragment (11) accelerating and simultaneously pressure generating action for the ALP projectile piece with pressure transfer medium (6) and shell (4). Figure 1B a slimmer/longer layout (2) with a fragment accelerating element (7B) for the fragmentation charge (12) and a further pressure generating element (9) for the ALP projectile section. Figure 1C shows an aerodynamically stabilised projectile (3) with a hollow charge head (13), whereby the propellant for the HL-section with any configuration of trigger device (8) simultaneously provides the pressure for the connected ALP module.

Description

 Projectile or warhead

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a multi-purpose projectile, a warhead or a missile with an ALP module. The endballistic overall effect from penetration depth and area coverage is achieved by endballistic active elements such as KE penetrators, shaped charges or projectile-forming charges and by the various splinters (ALP splitter and / or splinter head), disc, ring or P-charge or shaped charge splinters in conjunction with Blast effects.

2. State of the art

In the case of endballistic functional units which form or release fragments, a distinction is usually made between explosive projectiles with an ignition device, so-called multi-purpose projectiles / hybrid projectiles (explosive / fragmentary effect combined with HL effect), warheads (usually with HL and / or splinter / explosive effect) or missiles and Recently, functional units based on the principle of penetrators with increased lateral action (PELE) and the principle of active laterally active penetrators (ALP). The PELE principle is e.g. described in DE 197 00 349 C1, while the ALP principle is explained in detail in EP-A-1 316 774. According to the ALP principle, the lateral effects are triggered by means of a device which can be triggered in the optimal position of the active body.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has for its object to provide an improved projectile or warhead that uses an active body according to the ALP principle in a particularly effective manner.

This object is achieved by a projectile or a warhead with the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The hybrid, polyvalent projectile or the hybrid, polyvalent warhead according to the invention has an active agent-delivering agent part, the active agents preferably in the tip or in the area of the projectile or near the tip Warhead are positioned; an ALP projectile part, preferably arranged behind the active agent projectile part, with an end-ballistically effective casing and an inert pressure transmission medium provided within the casing; and a pyrotechnic device provided between the active agent projectile part and the ALP projectile part both for triggering the active agents in the active agent projectile part and for establishing a pressure field via the inert pressure transmission medium of the ALP projectile part.

The present invention provides a particularly simple link between the ALP principle and projectiles with heads or projectile segments that deliver fragments or functional units, in that the detonative or pyrotechnic device simultaneously serves both functional units as a pressure-generating / accelerating element. In combination with the options described in connection with ALP for the construction of multi-part / multi-functional storeys, this results in a range of so-called multi-purpose storeys (MZ storeys) that has never been achieved with any system and which can no longer be surpassed in terms of its variety of combinations and overall effectiveness should be.

In the case of active bodies based on the ALP principle, no inherent speed is generally a prerequisite for disassembly, but the end ballistic effect is limited at a low impact or interaction speed (for example, at very long combat distances or basically slow-flying threats). According to the present invention, this gap in use is closed by an additional device which e.g. as a pyrotechnic unit (P-charge, shaped charge) provides the required effect. Furthermore, disk-like (plate-shaped / ring-shaped) bodies or corresponding splinter shapes can be accelerated in the desired directions (in particular in the axial direction). Since this mechanism of action is not yet known in the case of projectiles, it is referred to here as "disk or ring charge". As a rule, the resulting pressure fields are used to trigger further effects (ALP). However, it is also fundamentally conceivable to use the splinters or other agents to let the emitting modules work autonomously in one or more stages.

The principle of a multi-part projectile or a combined effect (hybrid projectile) has already been implemented in a large number of solutions, with tandem shaped charge projectiles and tandem P charge warheads being the best known representatives. However, it should already be pointed out here that such additional active components in connection with a penetrator correspond to the present one Let the invention be combined particularly effectively. It is a particular advantage of the solutions presented here that, for example, primarily not only comparable detection and triggering devices can be used as with known projectiles or warheads, but also solutions with lower technical demands on such devices due to the novel operating principles or combinations of effects are. Furthermore, there is an incomparably greater variety of combinations of different effects in the present case. This fact is discussed in more detail in connection with the exemplary embodiments of multi-purpose projectiles in connection with this invention.

In a serious expansion of the ALP field of application, the invention relates to an active penetrator, an active projectile, an active missile or an active laterally effective multi-purpose projectile (MZ, hybrid projectile) in combination with axial and radial splitter modules or separate functional units with accelerating explosive component. The endballistic overall effect of splinter, disc effect, depth of penetration and axial and radial surface coverage / surface loading is initiated by means of a device (device) which can be triggered in the optimal position of the active body in order to trigger the effectiveness (or the active effects). The spectrum ranges from penetrators that are primarily dismantled on a pyrotechnic basis (e.g. through the combination of a splitter head / ALP part with or without an explosive splitter module) to partially inert projectiles (e.g. PELE module and integrated KE active part or KE- Module alone) with a pure splinter head for special targeting.

With the present invention, the performance spectrum of the penetrators shown in DE 197 00 349 Cl (PELE) and EP-A-1 316 774 (ALP) is linked with that of explosive / splinter / disc (multi-purpose, tandem) projectiles and additionally combined with functions of splinter heads. This combines the properties of a wide variety of ammunition concepts in a previously unknown variety of combinations and efficiency in a single functional unit. This not only leads to a decisive improvement of previously known multi-purpose bullets, but also to an almost unlimited expansion of the conceivable range of applications for all conceivable ground targets from unarmored to heavily armored objects. Correspondingly designed functional units with a previously unattainable endballistic performance are also suitable for combating air and sea targets and also for the defense against missiles. With appropriate combinations, for example in connection with functional units leading in the axial direction, such as P or hollow charges as well as disc or ring charges, such projectiles are also optimally suited for combating reactive targets and also more active (distance-effective) Armor suitable. In this case, the disks emitting heads can be particularly interesting due to their relatively large target loading in connection with the large breakdown capacities of such bodies known from mine plates (flat charge or EFP mine).

As already stated in EP-A-1 316 774, a distinction can be made with regard to the technical design for triggering the effect between a simple contact ignition, which is already used on projectiles in various embodiments and is therefore available, a delayed ignition (also known ), a proximity ignition (e.g. by radar or IR technology) and a pre-set ignition on the trajectory, for example via a timer (temporary ammunition). In combination with ALP, the concept determining the invention is largely independent of the type of projectile or missile, such as the stabilization, the caliber and the type of movement or acceleration (e.g. cannon-accelerated, rocket-accelerated) or whether it is designed as a projectile / warhead or in one such is integrated. In particular, the arrangement according to the invention does not require its own speed to trigger and ensure its axial effectiveness even at low impact speeds.

Further features, details and advantages of the present invention result from the patent claims in conjunction with the description and on the basis of the individual figures and the corresponding explanations. Here show:

1A shows a spin-stabilized projectile with a combination of splitter head and ALP module according to the invention;

IB shows an aerodynamically stabilized projectile with a combination of splitter head and ALP module according to the invention;

IC shows a three-part aerodynamically stabilized projectile with a combination of HL head, ALP and KE module according to the invention; 2 shows a tip with an integrated functional unit (cf. EP-A-1 316 774);

3A and 3B examples of tips with splintering action (cf. EP-A-1 316 774);

4 shows an ALP fragment head projectile with (here four) laterally acting fragment charges;

5 shows an ALP splinter-head projectile with (here six) surface-building charges; 6 shows an ALP tip module with (here four) charges acting obliquely forwards / outwards (e.g. P charges, disc or splinter charges);

7 shows an ALP splinter head projectile, designed as a splitter head with three splinter cones; 8 shows an ALP splinter head projectile, designed as a convex splitter head of different occupancy thickness;

9 shows an ALP splinter-head projectile with an integrated HL / P charge module;

10 insert forms for HL or P loads or disc loads; Figure 1 1 is a diagram for explaining the dependence of the muzzle velocity on the mass to be accelerated for the caliber 120 mm.

12 shows an ALP projectile with a splinter head;

13 shows an ALP projectile with a splinter head and inner core;

14 shows a modular projectile (or projectile head) with a core in the tip region, splinter part, ALP and KE module;

15 shows a projectile (or projectile head) with a multi-stage splinter part;

16 shows an example of directionally controlled splitter or disk acceleration;

17 shows a modular projectile with splinter head, core and PELE module;

18 shows a projectile with a splinter head, PELE module and core; 19 shows a projectile head with a splitter module;

20 shows a directionally controlled fragmentation charge with lateral dam.

21 shows a directionally controlled fragmentation charge with an underlying inert body;

22A shows a fragmentation charge with an upper inert body and ring ignition;

22B shows a fragmentation charge with an outer upper inert body; 23 shows a fragmentation charge with detonation wave guidance;

24 shows a directionally controlled fragmentation charge with an inert body and a multiple ignition charge;

25 shows a fragmentation charge with chambers for detonation wave guidance;

26 shows a modular projectile (or warhead) with a splinter pocket and ALP module; 27 shows a projectile with a P charge head and core with a fragmentation charge;

28 shows an HL warhead with beam focusing;

29 shows a radially segmented penetrator with a central dismantling device;

30 shows a projectile with a splinter head and a central penetrator with a high degree of slenderness with shock absorption; 31 shows a modular projectile with a splinter head and a two-part core;

32 shows a modular projectile with a splinter head and multi-part core;

33 shows a modular projectile with a segmented central penetrator;

34 shows a modular projectile with a fragment head / fragment rings and a central long penetrator; 35 shows a modular floor with a solid tip, splinter rings and a central core as well as an ALP module;

36 shows a modular projectile with a long central penetrator, conical splinter discs and ALP module; 37 shows a floor cross section with a hexagonal central penetrator, flat splinter elements and outer shell; and

38 shows a modular projectile without a tip / outer ballistic hood with splinter rings, a long central penetrator and ALP module.

Figures 1A to IC show examples according to the invention. These are penetrators with active, laterally active parts in combination with one

Splinter, P-charge, disc or HL head.

FIG. 1A shows a shorter (for example, spin-stabilized) version of a projectile 1 with a local, splinter-accelerating and at the same time pressure-generating element 7A for the fragmentation assignment 1 1 in the subsequent module, and FIG. IB shows a longer (for example aerodynamically stabilized) construction 2 with the fragment accelerating element 7B for the fragmentation 12 and a central, further pressure-generating element (detonating cord) 9.

Figure IC shows an aerodynamically stabilized, three-part version 3 with HL head 13, the explosive of the HL part simultaneously delivering the pressure for the subsequent ALP module. The jacket 4 of the ALP module which is effective because of its material properties, mass and speed and has an end ballistic effect, enveloping the pressure-transmitting medium 6, forms the central, radial splitter unit. This is followed by a feature component. The medium 6 transmits the pressure generated by means of a controllable, pyrotechnic device 7A, 7B, 7C to the enveloping body 4 and thus causes it to be broken down into fragments / sub-levels with a lateral movement component. All examples are provided with an outer ballistic hood 5.

The triggering device 8 can consist of a simple touch sensor, a timer, a programmable module, a receiving part and a security component. The device 8 can be connected to the locally concentrated pressure-generating unit 7A, 7B, 7C by means of a cylinder-like (ignition cord-like) pyrotechnic module 9 (cf. FIGS. IB and IC) or by means of a line 10, which may also have pyrotechnic properties (cf. Figure 1A).

Basically, the tip represents an essential parameter for the performance of a projectile. EP-A-1 316 774 has already indicated (cf. FIG. 15 there) that the tip can be designed as a splinter module. DE 197 00 349 Cl deals with this aspect in more detail. As positive examples are there called: tip as a construction space, detachable tip and tip as an upstream penetrator. The tip can be partially hollow or filled. It is also conceivable that performance-supporting elements are integrated into the tip. Figures 2 and 3A, 3B show examples: Figure 2 (Figure 43B in EP-A-1 316 774) shows an active tip module 14, consisting of the splinter jacket 15 in connection with the pyrotechnic element 17 and a pressure transmission medium 16. It can be here be quite useful to fuse the tip cover 18 with the splinter jacket. An even simpler construction results when the pressure transmission medium 16 is dispensed with. When activated, the splinters form a ring in the direction of the arrows drawn, which not only achieves a corresponding lateral effect, but also better impact behavior can be expected with more inclined targets.

FIG. 3A (FIG. 43C in EP-A-1 316 774) shows a tip 19 connected upstream of the ALP module 23 with a pyrotechnic element 17 in a sleeve 20.

FIG. 3B (FIG. 43D in EP-A-1 316 774) shows a further tip design, for example a tip element 21 upstream of the ALP module 24, in which the pyrotechnic module 17 is also located in a sleeve and at the same time in the one with a medium 22 filled tip protrudes into it.

The active components installed in the front part of the projectile or directly in the area of the tip (e.g. in connection with KE modules) can be effective separately or triggered or controlled independently. They are preferably combined directly with technical designs within the scope of the present invention with the aim of an optimal overall function. Components can also be integrated that provide high axial performance at a correspondingly high rate of advance (advance), such as shaped charges, flat cone charges and also disk / plate-shaped explosive-accelerated projectiles (see Figures 6, 10, 28, 35-38). Such structures are e.g. of particular interest if systems such as active and reactive components are to be triggered before the bullet hits the target. Furthermore, systems of this type are particularly suitable for combating deeper target structures, components, walls and bunker walls, since the active component leading ahead leads to predestruction of the structure. As a result, the subsequent penetrator modules are not consumed prematurely or can penetrate or penetrate without breaking and thus achieve particularly high performance.

Projectiles of this type are ideally suited, for example, in combination with the ALP principle to combat incoming threats such as warheads or Combat or reconnaissance drones that cannot be fought with direct hits. Even conventional fragments are practically ineffective due to the encounter situation with drones and their very limited distribution of fragments. The mode of operation of the present invention in combination with a corresponding trigger unit promises an efficiency that has not been achievable so far

With regard to the distances of interest to the target, a distinction can be made between the immediate near range (less than 1 m), the near range (1 m to 3 m), the closer range (3 m to 10 m), the middle range (10 m to 30 m) ) and the area closer to the target (over 30 m) With P loads and also with correspondingly shaped disc loads, the area over 30 m can still be interesting, since there are already charges that work over a distance of well over 100 calibers Obvious that with floor structures according to the invention, almost any palette is available in order to achieve desired effects in accordance with the known or expected target scenario in a range that was previously unattainable

FIGS. 4 to 10 show a series of explanatory examples and technical design proposals, although of course further basic arrangements are also possible. The arrows, which symbolize the resultants of the propagation of the active agents or fragments, indicate the mass or the speed of the length and thickness Active components

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional drawing of an ALP tip module 25 with four mainly laterally acting late charges 26. These are accelerated by a central explosive body 27. This results in four splinter fields with preferred directions of propagation 30A to 30D. The shape of the body 27 and the surface design 29 of the latex bodies 26, the fields can be varied, e.g. they have a more scattering effect or they can be more focused. By tapering the body 27 towards the tip, the axial component of the splinter speed can also be increased.Other simple changes are the shape, the mass and the material of the splinters 26 or the accelerated active surfaces. The sputter fields 26 can also cover the entire space 28 up to the housing 31 Filling out It is also conceivable to manufacture the latex body 26 from a pressed material or from a block of material that is either accelerated as a disk (plate) or disassembled upon detonation of 27. Multilayered and also combined coverings are also possible FIG. 5 again shows in cross section, as a further example for the design of a projectile or warhead, a module 32 with six laterally acting areal splinter distributions, which are possible from a central pyrotechnic module 34 in connection with corresponding metallic inserts 35 made of copper, tantalum, tungsten or others heavy and ductile materials are formed and build 36A to 36G splinter surfaces in six directions. Of course, the number of charges is freely selectable and depends primarily on the dimensions of such a module 32. The housing wall 33 can also emit splinters with a corresponding design.

FIG. 6 shows two further variants of a lace design according to the invention as a longitudinal and cross section. In the upper part, for example, it shows an ALP tip module 37 with four charges acting obliquely to the front / outside (speed-resulting 38) (e.g. P-charges 39, formed from the central explosive element 40 and the metallic insert 41). Corresponding forward / outward splinter charges (splinter pockets 43) are also conceivable (speed results 42). This technical variant 44 is shown in the lower part of FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 shows two further examples of an ALP tip module 45 with a mainly axially acting splinter head, here in the upper half of the figure, formed from three splinter cones 47 (direction of propagation 53) behind an outer ballistic hood 48. The acceleration charge 49 for the splinter cones 47 is according to the invention an element at the same time, for example a further detonating cylinder / detonating cord for the active dismantling of the projectile shell 50 is connected via the preferably solid (e.g. metallic) pressure transmission medium 51. Of course, the cargo 49 can also be separated from subsequent charges such as the charge must be 9 (see lower half of the picture). The splinter distribution can also be influenced by the type of external dam.

With the type of splitter occupancy and with the predetermined splitter direction 53, there is a relatively large scope for design. Components manufactured differently in material and shape can be used here. A mix of heavy (large) and light (small) chips can also be beneficial. Likewise, the ring surrounding the acceleration component 49 can be designed as a fragmentary charge 54 (direction of propagation 55) (lower half of the figure). It can then make sense to provide a separation 52 between the splitter head and the residual penetrator. FIG. 8 shows two further examples of an ALP tip module 56 (top) and 57 (bottom) with a splitter head. This is again covered by an outer ballistic hood 58. This can be hollow (top) or contain additional fragments or other active agents 59 (bottom). The direction of propagation 61 of the splinters of the splinter body 60 can be predetermined by appropriately shaping the surface 64 of the acceleration unit 62. Behind 62 there can be a damaging and at the same time pressure-transmitting medium 63, in which further, arbitrarily shaped splinters can be embedded evenly or unevenly distributed.

As already mentioned, a device according to the present invention can be combined in connection with further functional units in a way that has not previously been possible. A correspondingly designed ALP can already be an efficient multi-purpose floor (MZ floor). MZ bullets (these are mainly large-caliber ammunition in the caliber range 60 mm to over 155 mm) have the primary task of fighting targets where the use of bullets designed for high penetration performance is not sensible or alone sufficient. This also applies to weakly armored point targets such as Fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters such as those for unarmored or weakly armored ground targets with a larger surface area or lighter targets at greater combat distances. These tasks are usually achieved by means of fragment-emitting devices, often in combination with a shaped charge or P-charge module.

It is a fundamental advantage of arrangements of the type shown that practically the entire splinter / sub-floor mass is delivered with structurally predeterminable speed components primarily in the direction of the target to be combated. This is of particular interest from the point of view that e.g. with conventional multi-purpose bullets, a considerable part of the splinters is ejected to the rear and thus remains ineffective. However, it should be noted here that arrangements are already known in which fragments, including those with a geometric design or assignment, are arranged in the head region of explosive projectiles. It is an advantage of the present invention that all previously known designs are integrated and can be linked to the components specific to the invention.

FIG. 9 shows two examples of an ALP tip module 65 with an axially active component with a high breakdown power (direction of action 66) with simultaneously lateral components. A shaped charge module with the explosive part 67 and a tapered (trumpet-shaped, degressive or progressive) insert 68 is shown. Around the explosive charge 67 there can also be a splinter ring 54 as a dam (lower half of the picture). The pressure-transmitting medium 70 is to be selected here in such a way that it has a dynamic damaging / supporting effect for the shaped charge. In terms of strength and density, a plastic can be sufficient. Of course, this also applies to the other examples shown so far and the following examples.

Various options for the design of the insert 68 are shown in FIG. 10. These range from pure HL inlays 68 to the formation of fast shaped charge jets with top speeds of up to over 8,000 m / s (slender speed arrow 66) via projectile-forming flat-conical or spherical-shell-shaped inlays 71, which are still at 2,000 m / s to 3,000 ms can generate P charge 73 approaching the target or projectile hitting a target (thick, relatively short speed arrow 69). Furthermore, the axially accelerated active part can also consist of a plate, disk or ring-shaped support 74 which can reach speeds of a few 100 m / s to 2,000 m / s. It is important to note that the speeds mentioned must be added to the respective projectile / warhead speed. In this way, such disk concepts can achieve breakdown capacities that can be compared with those of P-charge mines. Such disc heads can also be constructed from two or more discs, which can consist of different materials and of different thicknesses. For better dynamic separation, it can also make sense to insert a pyrotechnic or a pressure-transmitting medium between the individual disks.

It should be noted here that arrangements are already known in which an HL component (pre-charge) is located in front of a main charge of an HL projectile, in particular for triggering reactive targets (tandem charges). However, it is again a particular advantage of the present invention that all previously known pre-hollow charges can be integrated and linked with components specific to the invention. In contrast to tandem shaped charges, the precharge positioned in the beam path of the main charge does not reduce the output, but rather benefits the total output of a projectile in accordance with the invention. These considerations also apply to upstream P-charges.

The combination of plate, disc or ring-shaped pyrotechnically accelerated elements in connection with a projectile approaching or hitting a target is not yet known. Due to their large diameter of action in connection with their advance, such components are particularly suitable for effectively combating reactive targets. Regardless of the individual ammunition concepts, the performance of the cannon is the decisive factor for barrel-fired ammunition. In Figure 1 1, the muzzle velocity for the 120 mm caliber achievable with predetermined masses to be accelerated (total or tube masses) is shown (continuous line). With an average muzzle velocity between 1,100 m / s and 1,300 m / s, masses between 16 kg and 22 kg must then be accelerated. Assuming a sub-caliber ratio of 2: 1 (corresponding to a missile diameter of 60 mm) and 4: 3 (corresponding to a missile diameter of 90 mm as the highest sub-caliber ratio from an external ballistic point of view), this results in an assumed sabot mass of 3 kg or 4 kg penetrator masses between 13 kg and 18 kg. With these projectiles, since they can be equated with corresponding arrow projectiles in terms of their external ballistic characteristics (double flight diameter with four times the mass), an average speed drop of around 50 ms to 1,000 m can be expected. The impact speeds at a combat distance of 4,000 m are between 900 ms and 1,100 m / s.

With the above values, a still remarkable final ballistic effectiveness of a projectile according to the present invention can be expected both as a KE or PELE projectile and as an ALP. An assumed average mass for the penetrator of 16 kg could then be divided as follows at a muzzle velocity of 1200 m / s: mass of the splitter / basement shell 8 kg, mass of a central penetrator (central or axial element) 3 kg, mass of the pressure-generating elements 0.2 kg, mass of the pressure-transmitting / additionally effective media or active parts 2 kg, mass for splinter-releasing tip or HL or P charge tip, tail unit and other elements 2.8 kg.

Figure 1 1 also shows the performance field that results from taking into account the internal ballistic performance increases already apparent according to publications (eg by means of DNDA (di-nitro-di-AZA) - propellant charge powder). An increase in the muzzle velocity of approximately 100 ms to 120 m / s can then be assumed - cf. dashed function course. The resulting shift in the design range both with regard to a desired increase in speed (direction A) and with regard to a larger mass of penetration or penetrator (direction B) is shown. This allows the projectile estimated above (mass 16 kg) to be fired at approximately 1,300 m / s. Or a projectile mass (tube mass) of 22 kg to 23 kg (average penetrator mass 20 kg) can be accelerated to approximately 1,200 m / s. Since the masses assumed above for sabot, tip and rear and for the additional devices remain practically unchanged, this can In the case of a mass for the projectile / splinter jacket of 10 kg and a mass for the central penetrator of about 4 kg again. A mass of about 3.5 kg would then be available for the projectile head. So it would be quite remarkable bullet or warhead tips. Under these conditions, it is also conceivable to dispense with a central penetrator if the casing mass is then 14 kg. Fundamentally, in flying objects, the splinter penetration performance that originates both from the tip or rather near the tip and from the storey is sufficient to combat hardened targets.

This means that a projectile in accordance with the design made in connection with FIG. 11 is able to penetrate even heavier armor. In connection with the lateral effects corresponding to the present invention, such projectiles / warheads become ideal multi-purpose projectiles. For the first time, these are able to combat almost the entire target spectrum with a single functional unit. A further increase in effectiveness can be even more with such projectiles or warheads due to their technical advantages than with conventional / known projectiles e.g. can be achieved by means of a floor control or at least final phase steering.

When estimating the final ballistic performance, it should be noted that, due to their very large and, in particular, dynamically increasing diameter, penetrators of this type can achieve penetration rates that are comparable to or even better than those of high-performance penetrators when penetrating, in particular, bulkhead targets or reactive armor. In connection with constructive measures (see remarks in connection with Figures 9 and 10) and in particular through the introduction of subpenetrators (made of hard and heavy metal), e.g. shown in FIGS. 13, 14, 17, 18, 27 and 30-38, significantly larger breakthroughs can be achieved with a whole series of targets.

With a corresponding estimate for another caliber, either a cranesbill-like enlargement or reduction can be assumed or, for example, a constant length. In the first case, the masses change approximately with the third power of the dimensions, in the latter case with the square of the change in diameter. Assuming a transition from 120 mm to 155 mm, for example, this results in a factor of 2.16 for cranesbill transmission, and a factor of 1.67 if the storey length is kept constant. Figures 12 to 18 and 26 to 38 show further examples of projectiles / warheads in accordance with the present invention.

An ALP with a splinter head is shown in FIG. 12 as a spin-stabilized version. The ALP module has a jacket with an inner cone 76.

FIG. 13 shows a projectile corresponding to FIG. 12, but also with an additional inner core 78. This can be made of heavy metal, hard metal or hardened steel. The cap 77 protects the hard core against impermissible shock loads, e.g. when hitting massive or high-strength targets. The triggering or control unit 8 is protected here by a strong cover 75. This also serves to ensure the pressure in the pressure-generating medium 6 for dismantling the jacket 76.

Bullets with hard cores according to FIG. 13 are particularly suitable for lower impact speeds (below 800 m / s to 1,000 m s). Here the hardness of a penetrator still plays the dominant role for penetration. At speeds above 1,000 m / s, the density of a penetrator is becoming increasingly important. Then, for example, heavy metal cores are advantageously introduced. In bullets according to the invention with embedded hard cores, even at relatively low speeds (400 m / s to 600 m / s), particularly when compared to penetrators which are designed for high impact speeds, significant penetration capacities can still be expected if the core penetrates is not destroyed. Here, with a constant impact speed, the specific surface loading of the core is the decisive factor for the penetration capacity, that is, in a first approximation, the length of the core.

FIG. 14 ^r shows, as a further, basic example, a modular projectile 79 with a hard metal or heavy metal core 80 in the tip area. This can either be arranged within an outer ballistic hood 5 or replace it (also partially). This is followed by the splitter-emitting part with a pyrotechnic unit 82 which is conical here. The splinters 81 are preferably ejected in the direction 84, the conical rear face 83 of the core 80 causing an additional radial component.

An example of a pronounced fragmentation projectile is shown in FIG. 15. It is a storey 85 (or a storey head) with a two-stage fragment part (formed from the pyrotechnic units 86 and 87 and the fragment assignments 88 and 89) and a downstream ALP module. The resultant of the accelerated Splinters are represented by arrows 90 (for 88), 91 (for 89) and 92 (for 4). This example can also be combined with a direction-controlled splinter acceleration 93, as shown in FIG. 16. The splitter occupancy 95 is divided here into four splitter segments 95 by means of the partition walls 94, so that they can also be controlled separately (the corresponding resulting splitter arrow 96 is also shown).

Figures 17 and 18 show examples of multipurpose floors 97 and 99 with cores and ALP or PELE module. In FIG. 17, a splinter head made of the components explosive 62 and splitter 61 is positioned in front of a hard or heavy metal core 98, which displaces a crater in front of the following PELE module. The ignition of 62 takes place again via the element 8 and the control or connecting line 10. This line 10 can either run in the wall 4 or lie directly in the pressure-transmitting medium 6 (cf. FIG. 18). In this way, a high splintering effect in the head area with a high penetration rate in combination with a delayed PELE effect and a correspondingly large lateral expansion is achieved by pushing the inflowing PELE component in the crater over the core or further upsetting it ,

FIG. 18 shows a multipurpose floor with a reverse order of the modules downstream of the splitter head compared to FIG. Here, the splitter head / ALP part forms the splitter-producing components, which is followed by a hard or heavy metal core 100 in order to achieve a high penetration performance.

The shape of the splinter accelerating elements with effects primarily in the weft direction must be adjusted according to the desired splinter distribution. Basically, the acceleration of the splinters in the axial direction will be flat (disk / ring-shaped) pyrotechnic elements 105, which e.g. with a flat inner cone 107 for splinter focusing (cf. FIGS. 1A, 12, 13 and 15) or with a flat or stronger outer cone 1 13 (cf. FIG. 7) or a lighter convex curvature (cf. FIGS. 8, 17, 18, 19 , 30-34) or a more convex shape (see FIGS. IB and 8) can be provided for radial splinter distribution.

In addition to these geometric measures, a directional control of the splitters can also be provided. This is particularly interesting in connection with an intelligent projectile / warhead. A number of exemplary embodiments for such applications are compiled in FIGS. 19 to 25. Figure 19 is used to represent the area under closer examination. Damage takes place either via an outer ring 109 (see FIG. 20) or via the projectile casing 110 (see FIG. 21). Lies the igniter 108 more within the charge 105 (left side of Figure 20), the self-insulation is usually sufficient.

In order to achieve a certain direction of propagation (splinter guidance) of the splitter occupancy 106, e.g. several igniters or primer charges 108 are distributed around the circumference of a pyrotechnic acceleration element 105, which are to be controlled separately - FIG. 20. This directional effect can be enhanced by constructive measures. So e.g. with the arrangement shown in Figure 21 1 1 1 with rear inert body 112 for shock wave steering. A further example 1 14 is shown in FIG. 22 A. There, the shock waves emerging after the ignition of the explosive 105 by means of the primer 108 are deflected via a front body (seen in the firing direction) with an inner cone 115. An annular ignition 108A is also conceivable. An outer cone 1 15B for shock wave steering is also possible; see. Figure 22B.

A "splinter-head shock wave steering" is also conceivable in a consequent design of this solution. The term shock wave steering is generally known in the case of hollow or P charges for guiding or better distribution of the shock waves in the charges accelerating the deposits In contrast to this, it is proposed in the context of this invention to achieve the effect of shock wave steering by means of bodies introduced into the shock wave propagation fields, an asymmetrical distribution of the shock waves and thus of the shock wave energy, for example to achieve splinter occupancy to give an uneven distribution or a special direction (splinter head shock wave steering) This effect is to be supported by a corresponding splinter distribution of the splinter surface 106 and / or configuration of the surface of the pyrotechnic element 105 (eg concave, convex, conical) ^' .

FIGS. 23 to 25 show further examples of splitter head shock wave steering. For example, in the structure 1 16 of FIG. 23, a shock wave-directing body 11 17 is introduced into the explosive 105. This can be made of a metallic compound or also of plastic or of substances that support the explosive effect. In the arrangement 118 shown in FIG. 24, a plurality of igniters 108 are introduced, which are separated by a wall 119. A different direction can be used to specify a desired direction. The introduced front conical inert body 1 15 supports this effect. 25 finally shows an arrangement 120 in which the individual igniter / acceleration elements 121 (or the explosive ring) are arranged in appropriately shaped pockets between the inner and outer inert bodies 122 and 123 for shock wave steering. However, it can only be a single inert body with indentations if the shape is appropriate. With larger systems it is also conceivable that a desired asymmetrical acceleration of the splinters can be achieved by moving the igniter 108 in the explosive body 105.

In FIGS. 26 to 38, additional and expanding technical solutions are presented in further configurations of projectiles / warheads according to the present invention. Thus, FIG. 26 shows a further basic structure for a projectile / warhead 124. In principle, it is an ALP, which is designed in the rear part in the known manner, while the front part consists of a splinter chamber 127, in which the splitter 128 are embedded in a matrix material. The charge 126 ignited via the release / control 8 accelerates both storey modules. While the rear part disintegrates laterally at a relatively low speed (see resulting arrows for speeds and masses 130A and 130B), the splinters 128 in the rear part of the chamber 127 are cut at a thin, i.e. dividing wall also accelerated more radially due to the self-insulation by the front material (resulting arrow for speed and mass 131), in the front part mainly axially (arrow for speed and mass 132). With a more solid wall or less axial acceleration on the part of 126, a purely axial ejection of the splinters 128 from the pocket / container 127 can also be achieved. A splinter-filled tip 125 (lower half of the figure) with a correspondingly resulting arrow 125A is also conceivable.

If it is a projectile according to the present invention with an HL or P charge head (see FIGS. IC, 9 and 28), the overall energy balance can no longer be surpassed. For example, The plunger that forms during the beam formation and on which the rapidly axially spreading beam is supported is pressed into the ALP module, thereby increasing its lateral efficiency.

FIG. 27 shows a projectile in accordance with the invention with a P-charge head and core with a fragmentation charge (detonating cord) 135. To simplify the illustration, control and ignition elements are also not shown here. This central charge 135 can be designed in such a way that it cannot overcome the pressure applied from the outside in the case of homogeneous targets despite ignition, so that the core can penetrate the target in a quasi-homogeneous manner. In the case of thin targets or targets of low strength, the pressure applied by 135 is sufficient to disassemble the core, so that it divides into several can disassemble elements and thus deliver its performance in the target with a corresponding lateral effect (cf. also FIG. 29). ^•

FIG. 28 shows an HL warhead 136 with a device 137 for beam focusing. In this example, a trumpet-shaped insert 138 was selected to achieve high jet speeds. The channel 137 is also designed to be correspondingly slim. It is also conceivable to manufacture the channel-forming body 137 from a splinter-forming medium.

In addition to the embodiments in FIG. 27, a radially segmented module 140 (here formed from four segments 142) can also be provided with a decomposer charge 141 in accordance with FIG. The resulting arrows 143 are shown.

FIG. 30 shows a projectile 144 with a splinter head, ALP module with a long / slim central penetrator (high degree of slenderness) 145 for the highest possible penetration rate. The tip of the penetrator 145 is protected by means of a cap / hood, a cylinder or a comparable device 146 against shock or shock loads on the pyrotechnic unit and also against impact and when entering a target (see FIG. 13).

Figure 31 shows a projectile 147 according to the invention with a splinter-forming head and an assembled, here very large core 148. This consists e.g. of a hard metal tip 149 and a rear core part 150 made of heavy metal. The connection between 149 and 150 is made by means of an intermediate layer 151. It stands for a connection of gluing, vulcanization, friction welding or soldering. Of course, any other positive or non-positive connection is also possible. Such composite cores also have the advantage that they can be machined in the heavy metal or steel part. The interface between 149 and 150 can also be conical in order to prevent the heavy metal cylinder 150 from being dynamically compressed on the rear surface of the hard core 149 when the tip 149 is decelerated.

In addition to FIG. 31, FIG. 32 shows a modular projectile 152 with a further core structure with a hard metal tip 149 and a sleeve-supported rear core part 154. The sleeve 153 can consist, for example, of another hard metal, a heavy metal, steel or another solid material. The inner core shaft 154 can be connected to the tip 149, form one piece with it, or can simply be inserted. It is also a conical shape of the rear core part is conceivable, for example to reduce the friction when striking deep targets.

In Figure 33, the central core consists of a segmented arrangement 156. The projectile / flight body 155 again consists of a splinter head with subsequent ALP module. If the pressure transmission medium 6 consists of a solid material such as e.g. Magnesium, aluminum or GRP, the segmented penetrator 156 can be introduced into it by means of a corresponding hole. If the medium 6 consists of a liquid or a material that is not mechanically stable enough to transmit the launch acceleration, the penetrator 156 could be provided with its own sleeve 153. In the present construction, the central penetrator 156 consists of two front cores 157 (preferably hard metal or heavy metal) of low slenderness (low L / D ratio), which are separated by means of a buffer 160. This buffer 160 can also consist of the same material as the pressure transmission medium 6. The rear core part is formed here from two slimmer cores 158 of higher slenderness (high L / D ratio). A shock-reducing layer 159 can be located between the cores 158. This layer 159 can also separate two cores 158 of different materials.

FIG. 34 shows a projectile / warhead 161, the front splinter component of which is formed from a splinter-emitting tip and a stack of splinter discs 163 and the respective pyrotechnic elements 164. This is followed either by a solid shaft or an ALP module (see FIG. 35). This example also contains a long central penetrator 162, which is either solid or is located in a sleeve 165. The panes can of course also be arranged without pyrotechnic intermediate layers, but then the desired separation is not ensured.

In the modular projectile 166 shown in FIG. 35, the splinter-emitting tip is replaced by a solid tip 167. This can e.g. penetrate heavier targets in order to allow the residual penetrator to pass through, so that the splinter-emitting disks 163 accelerated by the pyrotechnic elements 164 can then open radially. By means of a conical tip, such disks can still be given a mechanically effected lateral component by the thinning.

Further, non-conventional tip and penetrator designs are shown in FIGS. 36 to 38. Figure 36 shows a projectile / warhead 168 with one Central penetrator 169 which extends over the entire length and is surrounded in the front part by rings or ring segments 171. These can be conical to support the lateral components (see resulting arrow 173) in the manner of disc springs. These are accelerated by the planar pyro-technical elements 172. The rest of the floor is designed as an ALP module, which is pressurized here by its own pyrotechnic element 170. The central penetrator 169 is provided with its own tip 174. This can also be stepped.

Figure 37 shows a variant 175 of Figure 36. Here, the central penetrator 177 has a hexagonal cross section. It is surrounded by six planar elements 176 (per layer / level). These are held together by the outer ring / sleeve 178. This sheath 178 can also be designed as a splinter-forming jacket. Of course, further geometric configurations are possible in accordance with the technical requirements or desired effects.

Especially with flying objects or with very large calibers, the exit speed is usually low, for the 155 mm caliber e.g. at about 800 m / s. With very long combat distances (20 km), relatively low impact speeds (400 m / s to 500 m / s) can be expected. The tip shapes to be used are determined by the external ballistics. At low speeds, it can make sense to deviate from conventional tip shapes or to do without external ballistic hoods. Step tips are also conceivable, which are to be dimensioned solely from end ballistic specifications, for example for better attacking oblique / inclined target surfaces.

In the ^'in Figure 38 shown variant of a floor structure 179 according to the invention 180 hold the discs a different cone angle and a different thickness using appropriately adapted pyrotechnic elements 181. The hood can (unfolded for example) on the fly or in objective approach also mechanically removed, discarded , blown up or eroded during flight.

It goes without saying that more complex designs of the fragmentation systems depend primarily on the caliber of the ammunition (and there in a first approximation with the 3rd power of the caliber). While the basic idea of the present invention can make sense even with smaller calibers or storey diameters, depending on the technical outlay, more complex solutions of medium and above all larger calibers (from 60 mm) or large calibers (from 90 mm) are reserved. EP-A-1 316 774 has already pointed out the possibility of using the ALP principle even in high-speed tophedos. However, the impact speeds are at the lower reasonable limit. With the technical solutions proposed in the context of this invention, a decisive increase in efficiency is possible by accelerating bodies adapted to the range of use from the projectile immediately before or during the impact or by triggering a high lateral and axial effect during the impact. Suitable axially accelerated active bodies here are specially designed P charges and higher disks or rings (possibly with a special shape for use under water).

Such a hybrid, polyvalent active system of the invention is suitable not only for acceleration by means of cannons, but also in a special way for deployment by means of rockets, missile defense systems, controlled / guided bombs or missiles up to cruise missiles. Due to the almost unlimited design scope in connection with almost all known mechanisms of action, such systems can be used to combat heavily armored ballistic targets, large and / or deep target structures such as lighter targets, airplanes, ships and buildings as well as strategic objects.

B E Z U G S Z E I C H E N L I S T E

1 spin-stabilized projectile with combination splinter head / ALP module

2 aerodynamically stabilized projectile with combination splinter head / ALP module

3 three-part aerodynamically stabilized projectile with combination of HL head and ALP module and KE module 4 housing producing splitters / sub-storeys

5 lace / outer ballistic hood

6 pressure-transmitting medium in the ALP module

7A pressure generating element / detonator / explosive for splinter and ALP module

7B pressure generating element / detonator / explosive for splinter and ALP module 7C pressure generating element as HL module

8 release device (programmed part, safety and release part)

9 cylindrical pressure generating element / detonating cord

10 transmission line Splinter assignment of 7A Splitter assignment of 7B HL-head tip with active disassembly module splinter jacket pressure transmission medium pyrotechnic element tip cover solid active tip module sleeve for pressure generating element filled with active ingredient tip module filling of the tip 21 ALP module ALP module ALP tip module with 4 laterally acting / focused fragment charges splinter charge Explosive central body of 25 space between 29 and 31 surface shape of 26 directions of propagation of the fragmentary charges 26 housing ALP tip module with six laterally acting cutting charges 33 housing wall of 32 explosive central bodies of 32 metallic insert, directions of propagation of the cutting charges or splinter fields of 35. ALP tip module with oblique P-charges acting from / outside Result of the direction of propagation of the formed P-charge insert 41 P-charge central explosive charge metallic insert of 40 Resultants of the direction of propagation of the splinter field A splinter pocket with splinter charge 26 B Splinter charge ALP tip module with oblique according to fragmentary charges acting from / outside 43B Example for ALP tip module with mainly axially acting splinter cone Example for ALP tip module with mainly radially acting splinters external ballistic hood accelerating charge for 47 or 54 splinter shells according to the ALP principle pressure transmission medium separating / damping / delay element propagation directions of 47 radially acting fragment charge propagation directions of 54 example for ALP tip module with splitter head example for ALP tip module with splitter head external ballistic hood of 56, 57 Active agent filling of 58 directions of spread of the fragments of 61 fragments of pyrotechnic charge-absorbing medium (also with embedded fragments) Surface shape of 62 ALP tip modules with upstream / integrated HL or P-charge Direction of propagation of the projectile / jet of explosive cone / insert formed by cone 65 Direction of propagation 71 of the active elements 74 pressure-transmitting medium P-charge insert P-charge projectile disk-shaped or plate-shaped element / support cover / jacket for 8 conical splinter jacket Protective cap for 78 core Example of modular bullet s with splinter part and hard core tip hard core or heavy metal core splitter pyrotechnic unit for splinter acceleration rear side of the core 80 preferred splitter propagation direction of the assignment 81 example for projectile or projectile head with multi-stage splinter part first pyrotechnic unit of 85 87 second pyrotechnic unit of 85

88 split allocation of 86

89 splinter occupancy of 87

90 resulting splitter spread of occupancy 88 91 resulting splinter spread of occupancy 89

92 resulting splinter spreading of the ALP jacket 4

93 Example of directional splinter acceleration

94 dividing surfaces

95 splinter chamber or partial splinter occupancy 96 resulting spread of the splinters 95

97 modular floor with splinter head, core and PELE module

98 hard or heavy metal core

99 Storey example with splinter head, ALP module and core

100 core / KE module 104 directional fragmentation charge with strong lateral dam 109

105 pyrotechnic medium

106 splitter allocation

107 inner cone of 105

108 primer 108A ring-shaped primer

109 outer dam

1 10 wall / shell

1 1 1 directional fragmentation charge with rear inert body 1 12

112 inert body for shock wave steering 113 outer cone of 105

1 14 directional fragmentation charge with front inert body 1 15

115A front inert body with inner cone for shock wave steering

115B front outer cone for shock wave steering

1 16 directional fragmentation charge with detonation wave steering 1 17 inner body for shock wave steering

118 directional fragmentation charge with inert body and multiple ignition charge

1 19 Separation of primers 108

120 directional fragment charge with chambers and detonation wave steering

121 acceleration charge / igniter 122 inert body for internal shock wave steering

123 inert body for external shock wave steering

124 storey with splitter and ALP module

125 splinter-filled tip 125A resulting arrow for mass and speed of 125

126 pyrotechnic unit

127 splinter chamber

128 splinters 129 matrix material between 128

130A resulting splinter propagation directions from FIG. 4

130B resulting splinter propagation directions from FIG. 4

131 primarily radial splinter propagation direction of 128

132 primarily axial splinter propagation direction of 128 133 storeys with P-load head and core with fragmentation charge

134 core with hole

135 Splitter load for 134

136 projectile / warhead with beam focusing

137 device for beam focusing 138 trumpet-shaped insert

139 channel for HL beam

140 four-part penetrator

141 central pyrotechnic element

142 segment of the KE penetrator 140 143 resulting arrow for 142

144 storey with splinter head and ALP module with central penetrator

145 central penetrator of high slenderness

146 shock absorption for 145

147 bullet with splinter head and multi-part / composite core 148 148 composite core

149 Tungsten carbide core tip / front core part

150 heavy metal core shaft / rear core part

151 connection between 149 and 150

152 bullet with splinter head and sleeve-protected core 153 core sleeve

154 core shaft

155 storey with splinter head and multi-part / segmented core

156 multi-part / segmented core

157 single core with low L / D ratio 158 single core with medium L / D ratio

159 washer

160 intermediate buffers

161 storey with splinter head, central penetrator 162 and splinter discs 163 162 central penetrator

163 splinter disk

164 pyrotechnic discs

165 sleeve 166 storey with central penetrator, solid tip, splinter discs and ALP module

167 massive tip

168 storey with continuous central penetrator, ALP module and conical splinter disks 169 continuous central penetrator

170 accelerating element of the ALP module

171 conical splinter discs / ring segments

172 accelerated pyrotechnic disks for 171

173 resulting arrow 174 tip of 169

175 storey cross section with hexagonal penetrator, disk segments / surface segments and casing 178

176 disc segment / surface segment

177 central hexagonal penetrator 178 outer ring / shell

179 storey without external ballistic hood with splinter washers and ALP module

180 conical washers

181 pyrotechnic elements

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. Hybrid, poly valent projectile or hybrid, polyvalent warhead, with an active agent projectile part delivering an active agent (4, 9-12, 22-26, 28), the active agents being positioned in the tip or in the area of the projectile or warhead near the tip ; an ALP projectile part with an end ballistic sleeve (4) and an inert pressure transmission medium (6) provided inside the sleeve; and a pyrotechnic device (7) provided between the active agent projectile part and the ALP projectile part both for triggering the active agent in the active agent projectile part and for establishing a pressure field via the inert pressure transmission medium (6) of the ALP projectile part.

2. Projectile or warhead according to claim 1, in which the active agent projectile part and / or the ALP projectile part are designed as modules.

3. Projectile or warhead according to claim 2, in which the active agent projectile part and / or the ALP projectile part are designed as interchangeable modules.

4. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the active agent projectile part as active agent is a blast (blast, splinter, HL or P) -

Contains cargo or a combination thereof.

5. projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which a directional control of the active agent / splitter is integrated.

6. Projectile or warhead according to claim 5, in which the directional control of the active means is effected via shock wave steering.

7. Projectile or warhead according to claim 5, in which the directional control of the active means takes place by means of an asymmetrical ignition of the acceleration charge.

8. projectile or battle copi 'according to claim 5, in which the directional control of the active agent / splitter takes place by means of a structural segmentation.

9. projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which from the active agent projectile part spherical, cuboid or cylinder-shaped, identical or different sized bodies / fragments of the same or different materials are accelerated.

10. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which from the active agent projectile part plate, ring, disc-shaped or flat

Elements of any contour in the axial direction or predominantly axial direction can be accelerated.

11. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 4 to 10, in which the active agents / splinters are primarily ejected axially from a container or a splinter pocket.

12. Projectile or warhead according to claim 10, in which the active agents / fragments are embedded in a matrix or support one another during acceleration.

13. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 4 to 12, in which one or more disk-shaped elements / active parts are primarily axially accelerated, which consist of the same or different materials or contain reactive / pressure-generating intermediate layers.

14. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 13, in which a plurality of active substance projectile parts arranged one behind the other or laterally are provided.

15. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 14, in which the pyrotechnic device (7) consists of one or more pressure-generating elements.

16. Projectile or warhead according to claim 15, in which the pressure-generating elements of the pyrotechnic device are provided or connected to a location- or time-controlled security and / or ignition system.

17. Projectile or warhead according to claim 15 or 16, in which the pressure-generating elements of the pyrotechnic device are triggered or triggered separately or are connected to one another by means of a signal transmission line, by means of detonating cords or by means of a radio signal.

18. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which the triggering of the pyrotechnic device (7) in the form of a time-programmed, by means of contact, mechanical, optical, electronic, by radio and / or by means of a radar trigger device (8) is provided.

19. Projectile or warhead according to claim 18, in which the triggering device can be triggered during the launch or during the flight phase by a time-controlled signal or a signal upon impact, upon penetration or penetration or inside a target structure.

20. Projectile or warhead according to claim 18, in which the triggering device is controlled by a guidance and / or target recognition system.

21. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 20, in which the active agents are triggered simultaneously or at different times.

22. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 21, in which the ALP projectile part is combined with a PELE projectile part.

23. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 22, in which the ALP projectile part contains at least one central penetrator.

24. Projectile or warhead according to claim 23, in which a part of the penetrator is a pure splinter component.

25. Projectile or warhead according to claim 23 or 24, in which the central penetrator is designed as a separating, radially segmented element.

26. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 25, in which the end-ballistic envelope (4) of the ALP projectile part consists of a homogeneous

Material, from preformed fragments, from sub-floors or from independently acting penetrators.

27. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 26, in which different assignments are provided over the circumference and / or over the length.

28. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 27, in which, in addition, further active parts (sub-storeys, splinter pockets, liquid or solid

Agents) are introduced.

29. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 28, further comprising a cylindrical penetrator, a core or a core tip made of steel, hard metal or heavy metal.

30. Projectile or warhead according to claim 29, wherein the core / core tip has a shock-reducing cap / hood.

31. Projectile or warhead according to claim 29 or 30, in which the penetrator, the core or the core tip consists of a combination of different materials.

32. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 29 to 31, further comprising a step tip, an ogival or conical tip or an external ballistic tip

Hood.

33. Projectile or warhead according to claim 32, in which an axially leading active part is focused by the tip.

34. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 33, which / which is spin-stabilized or aerodynamically stabilized.

35. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 34, which / which is combined with an explosive projectile.

36. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 35, which / which is combined with a balancing projectile made of steel, heavy metal or hard metal.

37. Projectile or warhead according to claim 29 or 36, in which the balancing projectile or the inertly acting, homogeneous or axially or radially segmented module contains a disassembling device.

38. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 37, which / which is combined with a steered or final phase-controlled system.

39. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 38, which contains a security decomposition.

40. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 39, which / which is integrated in a Flugköφer or a rocket.

41. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 40, wherein active components according to one of the preceding claims are ejected from a system such as a penetrator, projectile, container, warhead or rocket.

42. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 39, which / which can be accelerated or moved by means of a rocket drive / booster.

43. Projectile or warhead according to one of claims 1 to 39, which / which is integrated in an underwater warhead or a high-speed tophedo.