RU2466347C2 - Explosive device - shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: explosive device includes the housing in which system of cumulative explosive charges is located, as for example the following: trinitrotoluol, hexogen, tetryl, which are equipped with secondary detonating fuses interacting through detonating cords of equal length to primary detonating fuse, and have metal plates, for example beryllium in cone-shaped funnels. The latter are directed to one common point at which explosive material from beryllium tetrahydroborate Be(BH₄)₂ is located. On end face of explosive material there located is cumulative charge with spherical cavity directed towards the system of cumulative charges and towards the barrier.

EFFECT: improving the shell efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the military and defense industries and can be used as a shell with a double effect of destruction.

Explosive Trinitrotoluene is known. Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia.

The systematic name is 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene.

The traditional names of TNT, tol.

The chemical formula is C7H5N3O6.

Molar mass of 227.13 g / mol.

Physical properties

The state (senior condition) is solid.

Thermal properties

Melting point 80.35 ° C.

The decomposition temperature is 295 ° C.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT, tol, TNT) is one of the most common blasting explosives. It is a yellowish crystalline substance with a melting point of 80.35 ° C (melts in very hot water). It is used in industry and military affairs both independently, in granular (granulotol), pressed or cast form, and as part of many explosive mixtures (alumotol, ammonal, ammonite and others). In the United States, TNT has not been used in industry and mining since the early 1990s due to the toxicity of explosion products.

Trinitrotoluene is obtained by nitration of toluene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids (first step). The mixture of mono- and dinitrotoluene is then nitrated in a mixture of nitric acid and oleum. Excess acid from the second stage can be used for the first. This is followed by purification with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite. The name according to the IUPAC nomenclature is 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene.

TNT is much more stable than many other explosives, such as dynamite, has a low sensitivity to shock (4 ... 8% of explosions when a load drops 10 kg from a height of 25 cm), to friction and heat and ignites only at a temperature of 290 ° C, therefore it can be relatively safe heated to melting point. This is very convenient, as it allows you to easily give the desired shape using casting. Molten or pressed TNT can be set on fire. It burns without explosion with a yellowish flame. An explosion usually requires the use of a detonator, however, powdered TNT with impurities can have a high sensitivity to external influences, including flame. Despite the stability of trinitrotoluene, in many applications they are trying to replace it with even more stable explosives, for example, the US Armed Forces plan to replace TNT in large-caliber shells with the substance IMX-101.

It has the properties of an antimycotic, previously used in medicine as part of the antifungal drugs Likvatol and Ungvetol, but due to toxicity and the emergence of more effective drugs, it has practically gone out of medical use.

The energy of the explosive transformation is 1010 kcal / kg. The velocity of propagation of the detonation wave is 6700-7000 m / s (density 1.6 g / cm ³ ). The heat of the explosion is 4228 kJ / kg. Hess brisance 16 mm. Custom brisance 3.9 mm.

Trinitrotoluene was obtained in 1863 by the German chemist Josef Wilbrand.

The disadvantage is the small destructive force.

The known device "Cumulative projectile".

Wikipedia.- hhh: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell.

A cumulative projectile is an ammunition designed to destroy armored vehicles and garrisons of long-term fortifications by creating a narrow-blast jet of explosion products with high penetration ability. High-explosive projectile - ammunition designed to destroy field and long-term fortifications, wire fences, buildings.

The disadvantage is the inability to simultaneously penetrate the armor and produce a volumetric explosion.

The known device "Cumulative projectile". RU. A. IPC 7 F42B 12/18. Application, 98118650/02, 12.10.1998.

1. The shell consists of a shell with a sequential arrangement of cumulative charges in it, characterized in that the funnels of the cumulative charges are inserted into each other fan-shaped and between them is a finely divided mass of refractory matter.

2. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that between the cumulative funnels is a substance or a combination thereof, designed to improve the damaging properties of the ammunition.

3. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the main supporting structure of the ammunition, providing it with strength, is a core rigidly connected to the end face of the hull (Prototype).

The disadvantage is the inability to simultaneously penetrate the armor and produce a volumetric explosion.

The aim of the invention is the creation of an explosive device-projectile with a double effect of destruction, which has tremendous destructive power.

The technical result is achieved in that the explosive device consists of a housing in which a system of cumulative explosive charges (for example, trotyl, hexagen, tetryl and others) is located, equipped with secondary detonators interacting through detonating cords of equal length with the primary detonator of the fuse and having conical funnels are metal plates (for example, beryllium metal), while the cones are directed to one common point (focus), in which explosive material from beryllium tetraborate Be (ВН) is located 4) 2, at the end of which there is a cumulative charge with a spherical recess directed towards the system of cumulative charges and towards the obstacle. Figure 1 shows an explosive device - a shell.

Statics

An explosive device — a projectile (FIG. 1) consists of a body (1) in which a system (2) of cumulative charges (3) of an explosive (4) (for example, TNT, hexagen, tetryl, and others) equipped with secondary detonators is located (5) interacting through detonating cords (6) of equal length with the primary detonator (7) of the fuse (8) and having metal plates (10) (for example, beryllium metal) in conical funnels (9), while the cones (9) are directed to one common point (focus) (11), in which explosive material (12) of beryllium tetrahydroborate is located I Be (BH4) 2, at the end (13) of which there is a cumulative charge (14) with a spherical recess (15) directed towards the system (2) of cumulative charges (3) and towards the obstacle (16).

Work

Figure 1 shows an explosive device - a projectile, characterized in that the explosive material (12) (consists of beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2) is placed in the housing (1) by a cumulative charge system (2) (3) of explosive (4) ) (e.g. trotyl, hexagen, tetryl and others). In the cones (9) of the cumulative charges (3) is a metal plate (10). The highest velocity of the cumulative jet is achieved with beryllium metal. The conical funnels (9) are oriented so that the directions of the explosions converge at one point (focus) (11). The focus (11) is explosive material (12) from beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (ВН4) 2. Each cumulative charge (3) has a secondary detonator (5). The detonator (5) is connected to the primary detonator (7), the detonating cord (6) having equal lengths for all charges (3). When the primary detonator is blown up (7), the secondary detonators (5) and the main cumulative charges (3) burst simultaneously. The metal plates (10) lining the cones (9) fly in the form of jets with great speed and great pressure. When jets intersect, they are destroyed in the explosive material (12) of beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2. At the same time, huge energy is released in the form of heat and pressure. Explosive material (12) from beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2 is converted into a plasma with a temperature of several tens of thousands of degrees. The remains of the cumulative jets pierce the plate (17) and detonate and explode the cumulative charge (18) with a spherical recess (19). There is an emission towards the system (2) of cumulative charges (3) of the core (not shown) from explosive material (12), heated to several thousand degrees. The pressure from the explosion of all cumulative charges (3/18) is summed up on the plasma from the explosive (12). Superheated plasma destroys the obstacle standing in the way (16), and a substance explodes (12). After expansion to a normal volume at atmospheric pressure, the components of the substance (12) ignite from atmospheric oxygen. A kind of volumetric explosion occurs.

The substance from beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2 (12) is a hydrogen (H) accumulator and has the property of donating H atoms when heated. All material (12) decomposes into atoms. In this case, one mole of Be (Beryllium), 2 moles of B (Bora) and 8 moles of H atoms (Hydrogen) are formed. Each mole of a substance under normal conditions in the form of a gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, which is 246 liters of gas under normal conditions, and taking into account the coefficient of volumetric expansion of gases (Gay-Lusaka), equal to 0.00366 per deg, and heating to 10,000 degrees the volume will be 9018.24 liters.

One kilogram of TNT gives an explosion of up to 3 m ^{3 of} gas or 3,000 liters,

Molar mass of TNT = 227.13 g / mol.

Molar mass of Bi (BH4) 2 (2) = 37 g / mol. 1.02 kg contains 27.02 moles of Bi (BH4) 2 (2) substance.

This means that the volume of heated gases per kilogram of beryllium tetraborate Be (BH4) 2 (12) will be 243486 l or 243.5 m ³ . This is 81 times more than from the explosion of 1 kg of TNT.

Be (BH4) 2 (12) is made in a galvanic bath by the electrochemical method of saturation of an alloy of beryllium with boron with hydrogen ions.

Thus, 100 grams of Be (BH4) 2 can be placed in the grenade launcher AGS30, which is equivalent to 8 kilograms of conventional explosive.

Technical and economic indicators of the damaging effect are approaching weapons of mass destruction. In the mass production of an alloy of beryllium with boron, the cost of an explosive will be comparable to the cost of producing hexagen, tetryl. And shells, mines and bombs will have phenomenal destructive power. When hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium and tritium isotopes, a thermonuclear reaction with a low efficiency is possible.

List of items

1 - case

2 - system

3 - cumulative charge

4 - explosive

5 - secondary detonator

6 - detonating cord

7 - primary detonator

8 - fuse

9 - conical funnel

10 - metal plate

11 - common point (focus)

12 - explosive material tetrahydroborate beryllium Be (BH4) 2 (12)

13 - butt

14 - cumulative charge

15 - spherical recess

16 - obstacle

17 - plate

18 - cumulative charge.

Claims (1)

An explosive device is a projectile, characterized in that in the case there is a system of cumulative explosive charges, for example: TNT, hexagen, tetryl, equipped with secondary detonators, interacting through detonating cords of equal length with the primary detonator of the fuse and having metal plates in conical funnels, for example , from beryllium metal, while the conical funnels are directed to one common point (focus), in which explosive material from beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH ₄ ) _{2 is located} , and at the end of the explosion The cumulative charge with a spherical recess directed towards the system of cumulative charges and towards the obstacle is located in the man-made material.