RU2454624C2 - Warhead of shell (rocket) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: warhead of shell consists of body, explosive, detonating fuses and firing mechanism. System containing a charge in the form of hollow ball of explosive is located in the body. Auxiliary detonating fuses located at equal distance from each other are located on hollow ball surface. Auxiliary detonating fuses interact through detonating cords of equal length to primary detonating fuse of firing mechanism. Primary detonating fuse is located in the centre of hollow ball. The second hollow ball from explosive material of beryllium tetrahydroborate Be(BH4)2 or other metal hydride is located inside hollow ball and is tightly adjacent to it.

EFFECT: increasing explosive yield.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the military and defense industries and can be used as the head of a shell, missile, mortar mine with a double effect of defeat.

Explosive Trinitrotoluene is known. Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia.

The systematic name is 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene.

The traditional names of TNT, tol.

The chemical formula is C7H5N3O6.

Molar mass of 227.13 g / mol.

Physical properties

The condition (senior condition) is solid.

Thermal properties.

Melting point 80.35 ° C.

The decomposition temperature is 295 ° C.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT, tol, TNT) is one of the most common blasting explosives. It is a yellowish crystalline substance with a melting point of 80.35 ° C (melts in very hot water). It is used in industry and military affairs both independently, in granular (granulotol), pressed or cast form, and as part of many explosive mixtures (alumotol, ammonal, ammonite and others). In the United States, TNT has not been used in industry and mining since the early 1990s due to the toxicity of explosion products.

Trinitrotoluene is obtained by nitration of toluene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids (first step). The mixture of mono- and dinitrotoluene is then nitrated in a mixture of nitric acid and oleum. Excess acid from the second stage can be used for the first. This is followed by purification with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite. The name according to the IUPAC nomenclature is 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene.

TNT is much more stable than many other explosives, such as dynamite, has a low sensitivity to shock (4 ... 8% of explosions when a load drops 10 kg from a height of 25 cm), to friction and heat and ignites only at a temperature of 290 ° C, therefore it can be relatively safe heated to melting point. This is very convenient, as it allows you to easily give the desired shape using casting. Molten or pressed TNT can be set on fire. It burns without explosion with a yellowish flame. An explosion usually requires the use of a detonator, however, powdered TNT with impurities can have a high sensitivity to external influences, including flame. Despite the stability of trinitrotoluene, in many applications they try to replace it with even more stable explosives, for example, the US Armed Forces plan to replace TNT in large-caliber shells with the substance IMX-101.

It has the properties of an antimycotic, previously used in medicine as part of the antifungal drugs Likvatol and Ungvetol, but due to toxicity and the emergence of more effective drugs, it has practically gone out of medical use.

The energy of the explosive transformation is 1010 kcal / kg. The velocity of propagation of the detonation wave is 6700-7000 m / s (density: 1.6 g / cm ³ ). The heat of the explosion is 4228 kJ / kg. Hess brisance 16 mm. Custom brisance 3.9 mm.

Trinitrotoluene was obtained in 1863 by the German chemist Josef Wilbrand.

The disadvantage is the small destructive force.

The known device "Cumulative projectile".

Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A shell .

A cumulative projectile is an ammunition designed to destroy armored vehicles and garrisons of long-term fortifications by creating a narrow-blast jet of explosion products with high penetration ability.

High-explosive projectile - ammunition designed to destroy field and long-term fortifications, wire fences, buildings.

The disadvantage is the inability to simultaneously penetrate the armor and produce a volumetric explosion.

A device is known "CUMULATORY EQUIPMENT". RU. A. IPC 7 F42B 12/18. Application: 98118650/02, 12.10.1998.

1. The shell consists of a shell with a sequential arrangement of cumulative charges in it, characterized in that the funnels of the cumulative charges are inserted into each other fan-shaped, and between them is a finely divided mass of refractory matter.

2. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that between the cumulative funnels is a substance or a combination thereof, designed to improve the damaging properties of the ammunition.

3. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the main supporting structure of the ammunition, providing it with strength, is a core rigidly connected to the end face of the hull (Prototype).

The disadvantage is the small capacity of explosive material, because of this the narrow specialization of ammunition, namely high-explosive, cumulative, fragmentation, etc.

The aim of the invention is to create a warhead of a shell of enormous explosive power and with a double effect of destruction, namely a high-explosive explosion of the projectile itself and the subsequent volumetric explosion.

The technical result (technical solution) is achieved by the fact that the warhead of the projectile (missile) consists of a shell, a conventional explosive, a fuse, and in the housing there is a system of a charge in the form of a hollow ball made of explosive, equipped on the surface of a hollow ball with secondary detonators equidistant from each other, interacting through detonating cords of equal length with the primary detonator of the fuse located in the center of the hollow ball, and inside the hollow ball, the second hollow ball from explosive material of beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2 or another metal hydride.

Figure 1 shows the "MILITARY PART OF THE APPLIANCE, ROCKETS".

Statics.

The warhead of the projectile, rocket (Figure 1), consisting of a housing (1), a conventional explosive (2), a fuse (3), is characterized in that a housing from the charge in the form of a hollow ball (4) is located in the housing (1) of explosive (2), equipped on the surface (5) of the hollow ball (4) with secondary detonators (6) equidistant from each other, interacting through detonating cords (7) of equal length with the primary detonator (8) of the fuse (3) located in the center (9) of the hollow ball (4), and inside the hollow ball (4), the second hollow ball (10) from the explosion is tightly located atogo material beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2 (11) or another metal hydride.

Work.

The fuse (3) undermines the primary detonator (8), along the detonating cords (6), the secondary detonators (6) simultaneously explode. Because Since they are located at equidistant distance, the detonating wave approaches the inner surface of the hollow ball (4) from the explosive (2) at the same time. The inner hollow ball (10) is compressed from the explosive material Be (BH4) 2 (11). With this compression, a huge pressure arises up to several hundred thousand kilograms per square centimeter and a very high temperature up to several hundred thousand degrees Celsius.

Explosive material (11) turns into a plasma with a temperature of up to several hundred thousand degrees. An explosion occurs. After expansion to normal volume at atmospheric pressure, the components of the explosive material (11) ignite from atmospheric oxygen. A kind of volumetric explosion occurs.

The substance of beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2 (11) is a hydrogen (H) accumulator and has the property of giving off H atoms when heated. All material breaks up into atoms. In this case, one mole of Be (Beryllium), 2 moles of B (Bora) and 8 moles of H atoms (Hydrogen) are formed. Each mole of a substance under normal conditions in the form of a gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters, which is 246 liters of gas under normal conditions, and taking into account the coefficient of volume expansion of gases (Gay-Lusaka), equal to 0.00366 per 1 degree, and heating to 10,000 degrees the volume will be 9,018.24 liters.

One kilogram of TNT gives an explosion of up to 3 meters of cubic gas or 3,000 liters.

Molar mass of TNT = 227.13 g / mol.

The molar mass of beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (BH4) 2 (11) = 37 g / mol. 1.02 kg contains 27.02 moles of the substance Be (BH4) 2 (11).

So, the volume of heated gases per kilogram of Be (BH4) 2 (11) will be 243486 liters or 243.5 meters cubic. This is 81 times more than from the explosion of 1 kg of TNT.

Ве (ВН4) 2 (11) is made in a galvanic bath by the electrochemical method of saturation of the Beryllium-Boron alloy with Hydrogen ions.

Thus, in the warhead of a missile’s shell it is possible to place 1000 grams of Be (BH4) 2 (11), which is equivalent to more than 80 kilograms of conventional explosive and can destroy all life at a distance of 30-35 meters by a shock wave with a pressure of more than 2 kilograms per centimeter square and up to 50 meters heavy shell shock with a pressure of up to 1 kilogram per centimeter square. A charge of such power can destroy an apartment building, a control bunker.

Technical and economic indicators of the damaging effect are approaching weapons of mass destruction. In the mass production of an alloy of beryllium with boron, the cost of an explosive will be comparable to the cost of producing hexagen, tetryl. When hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium and tritium isotopes, a thermonuclear reaction with a low efficiency is possible.

The list of positions.

1 - case

2 - explosive

3 - fuse

4 - hollow ball shaped charge

5 - surface

6 - secondary detonator

7 - detonating cord

8 - primary detonator

9 - center

10 - second hollow ball

11 - explosive material tetrahydroborate beryllium Be (BH4) 2.

Claims (1)

The warhead of a projectile, rocket, consisting of a shell, explosive, fuse, characterized in that the housing contains a charge system in the form of a hollow ball of explosive, equipped on the surface of a hollow ball with secondary detonators equally spaced from each other, interacting through detonating cords of equal length with the primary detonator of the fuse located in the center of the hollow ball, and inside the hollow ball the second hollow ball of explosive material of beryllium tetrahydroborate Be (B H ₄ ) ₂ or another metal hydride.