EP1516153B1 - Projectile or warhead - Google Patents

Abstract

A hybrid polyvalent projectile or warhead with an active means such as a fragmentation, disk, ring, hollow-charge or P-charge head in conjunction with a module comprising an active laterally effective penetrator includes a pyrotechnic unit serving at the same time for the active laterally effective penetrator and the active means as a producing/accelerating element. The terminal-ballistic efficiency of ALP projectiles, which is reduced at low impact velocities, is ensured by an additional device which as a pyrotechnic unit produces an axial action or accelerates fragments in the desired direction. The explosive of an HC-portion with a triggering device which can be of any design configuration at the same time provides the pressure for the adjoining ALP-module.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention

The invention relates to a multi-purpose projectile, a warhead or a missile with ALP module. The overall end ballistic effect of penetration depth and area occupation is combined by end ballistic active elements such as KE penetrators, shaped charges or projectile-forming charges and by the various splinters (ALP splitter and / or splitter head), disk, ring or P-charge or shaped charge splitter Blast effects provided.

2. State of the art

In fragment-forming or splinter-donating end ballistic effect vehicles, one usually distinguishes between explosive projectiles with ignition device, so-called multi-purpose projectile / hybrid projectiles (blasting / splintering effect combined with HL effect), warheads (usually with HL and / or splinter / explosive effect) or missiles and recently functional units according to the principle of penetrators with increased lateral action (PELE) and the principle of active lateral active penetrators (ALP). The PELE principle is eg in the DE 197 00 349 C1 while the ALP principle is described in detail in the EP-A-1 316 774 is explained. According to the ALP principle, the triggering of the lateral effect effects takes place by means of a device which can be triggered in an optimal position of the active body.

Next discloses the US 4,524,696 A a projectile on which the preamble of claim 1 is based. It is a conventional explosive projectile with an additional, single or multi-layer occupancy of balls, which are accelerated by the disintegrating during the detonation of the explosive shell. At the top of this pure fragmentation projectile is an igniter with a further splinter charge, which is supposed to improve the splinter occupancy in the area close to the axis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved projectile or an improved warhead which uses an active active body according to the ALP principle in a particularly effective manner.

This object is achieved by a projectile or a warhead with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The hybrid, polyvalent projectile or the hybrid, polyvalent warhead according to the invention comprises an active agent donating agent projectile part (first projectile part), wherein the active agents preferably in the tip or near-field of the projectile or Warhead are positioned; an ALP projectile part (second projectile part), which is preferably arranged behind the active agent projectile part, with an end-ballistically effective casing and an inert pressure transfer medium provided inside the casing; and a pyrotechnic device provided between the active agent projectile part and the ALP projectile part both for triggering the active agents in the active agent projectile part and for building up a pressure field via the inert pressure transfer medium of the ALP projectile part. In this case, several, successively or laterally arranged first floor parts are provided.

With the present invention, a particularly simple linkage between the ALP principle and projectiles with splinters or functional support-emitting heads or projectile segments is effected by the detonative or pyrotechnic device simultaneously serving as two elements of action as a pressure-generating / accelerating element. In combination with the possibilities described in connection with ALP for the construction of multi-part / multi-functional projectiles, this results in a range of so-called multi-purpose projectiles (MZ projectiles), which was previously not achieved with any system and which can not be outdone even in their combination diversity and overall effectiveness should be.

In principle, no intrinsic velocity is required for decomposition according to the ALP principle, but the end-ballistic effect is limited at a low impact or interaction speed (for example in the case of very large combat distances or generally slowly flying threats). This insert gap is closed according to the present invention by an additional device, which e.g. as pyrotechnic unit (P-charge, shaped charge) provides the required effect. Furthermore, disk-like (dish-shaped / annular) bodies or corresponding splitter molds can also be accelerated in the desired directions (in particular in the axial direction). Since this mechanism of action is not yet known on projectiles, it is referred to here as "disk or ring charge". As a rule, the resulting pressure fields are used to trigger further effects (ALP). However, it is basically also conceivable to have the splitter or other active agent-emitting modules act autonomously in one stage or in a multi-stage design.

The principle of a multi-part bullet or a combined effect (hybrid bullet) is already implemented in a variety of solutions, with tandem shaped charge projectiles and tandem P charge warheads are the most prominent representatives. It should be noted, however, that such additional active components in conjunction with a penetrator according to the present Combine invention particularly effectively. It is a particular advantage of the solutions presented here that, for example, primarily not only comparable detection and triggering devices are to be used as in known projectiles or warheads, but also possible due to the novel action or effect combinations solutions with lower technical standards for such facilities are. Furthermore, in the present case results in a much larger variety of combinations of different effects. This fact will be discussed in more detail in connection with the embodiments of multi-purpose projectiles in connection with this invention.

In grave extension of the ALP application field, the invention relates to an active penetrator, an active projectile, an active missile or an active laterally effective multi-purpose projectile (MZ, hybrid projectile) in combination with axial and radial splitter modules or separate accelerator explosives component accelerators. The overall end ballistic effect of fragmentation, disk action, penetration depth and axial and radial surface coverage / surface loading is initiated by means of a device (device) which can be triggered in an optimum position of the active body for triggering the effectiveness (or the effect effects). Thus, the arc of primarily pyrotechnic based disintegrating penetrators (eg by combining fragment head / ALP part with or without explosive splitter module) extends to partially inert projectiles (eg PELE module and integrated KE active part or KE). Module alone) with a pure splitter head for special Zielbeaufschlagungen.

With the present invention, the power spectrum of the in the DE 197 00 349 C1 (PELE) and EP-A-1 316 774 (ALP) combined with that of explosive / fragment / disc (multi-purpose, tandem) projectiles and additionally combined with features of fragment heads. Thus, the properties of different ammunition concepts are combined in a previously unknown combination variety and efficiency in a single functional unit. This not only leads to a decisive improvement of previously known multipurpose projectiles, but also to an almost unlimited expansion of the conceivable range of applications for all imaginable ground targets from unarmored to heavily armored objects. Furthermore suitably designed functional support with a previously unattainable end ballistic performance for the fight against air and sea targets and also for the defense of missiles are. In the case of corresponding combinations, for example in connection with axially projecting active elements such as P or shaped charges as well as disk or ring charges, such projectiles are also optimally suited for combating reactive targets and also more active (more distance-effective). Armor suitable. In this case, the discs donating heads may be particularly interesting due to their relatively large target loading in conjunction with the known from Minentellern (flat charge or EFP refill) large penetration rates of such bodies.

As already in the EP-A-1 316 774 With regard to the technical embodiment, a distinction can be drawn between a simple contact ignition, which is already used on projectiles in various embodiments and is therefore available, delayed ignition (also known), proximity ignition (eg by radar or by means of IR technology) and a pre-set ignition on the trajectory, for example via a timer (temp ammunition). In combination with ALP, the concept defining the invention is largely independent of the type of missile or missile, such as stabilization, caliber, and type of movement or acceleration (eg, cannon accelerated, rocket accelerated), or designed as a projectile or warhead is integrated. In particular, the inventive arrangement requires no airspeed to trigger and ensure their axial effectiveness at low impact speeds.

Fig. 1A

ein drallstabilisiertes Geschoss mit einer Kombination aus Splitterkopf und ALP-Modul gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 1B

ein aerodynamisch stabilisiertes Geschoss mit einer Kombination aus Splitterkopf und ALP-Modul gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 1C

ein dreiteiliges aerodynamisch stabilisiertes Geschoss mit einer Kombination aus HL-Kopf, ALP- und KE-Modul gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 2

eine Spitze mit integriertem Wirkungsträger (vgl. EP-A-1 316 774 );

Fig. 3A und 3B

Beispiele für Spitzen mit Splitterwirkung (vgl. EP-A-1 316 774 );

Fig. 4

ein ALP-Splitterkopf-Geschoss mit (hier vier) lateral wirkenden Splitterladungen;

Fig. 5

ein ALP-Splitterkopf-Geschoss mit (hier sechs) Flächen aufbauende Ladungen;

Fig. 6

ein ALP-Spitzenmodul mit (hier vier) schräg nach vorne/außen wirkenden Ladungen (z.B. P-Ladungen, Scheiben- oder Splitterladungen);

Fig. 7

ein ALP-Splitterkopf-Geschoss, ausgeführt als Splitterkopf mit drei Splitterkegeln;

Fig. 8

ein ALP-Splitterkopf-Geschoss, ausgeführt als konvexer Splitterkopf unterschiedlicher Belegungsdicke;

Fig. 9

ein ALP-Splitterkopf-Geschoss mit integriertem HL-/P-Ladungs-Modul;

Fig. 10

Einlageformen für HL- oder P-Ladungen bzw. Scheiben-Ladungen;

Fig. 11

ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung der Abhängigkeit der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit von der zu beschleunigenden Masse für das Kaliber 120 mm;

Fig. 12

ein ALP-Geschoss mit Splitterkopf;

Fig. 13

ein ALP-Geschoss mit Splitterkopf und Innenkern;

Fig. 14

ein modulares Geschoss (oder Geschosskopf) mit Kern im Spitzenbereich, Splitterteil, ALP- und KE-Modul;

Fig. 15

ein Geschoss (oder Geschosskopf) mit mehrstufigem Splitterteil;

Fig. 16

ein Beispiel für richtungsgesteuerte Splitter- bzw. Scheibenbeschleunigung;

Fig. 17

ein modulares Geschoss mit Splitterkopf, Kern und PELE-Modul;

Fig. 18

ein Geschoss mit Splitterkopf, PELE-Modul und Kern;

Fig. 19

einen Geschosskopf mit Splittermodul;

Fig. 20

eine richtungsgesteuerte Splitterladung mit seitlicher Verdämmung;

Fig. 21

eine richtungsgesteuerte Splitterladung mit einem untenliegenden Inertkörper;

Fig. 22A

eine Splitterladung mit einem oberen Inertkörper und Ringzündung;

Fig. 22B

eine Splitterladung mit einem äußeren oberen Inertkörper;

Fig. 23

eine Splitterladung mit Detonationswellenlenkung;

Fig. 24

eine richtungsgesteuerte Splitterladung mit Inertkörper und Mehrfach-Zündladung;

Fig. 25

eine Splitterladung mit Kammern zur Detonationswellenlenkung;

Fig. 26

ein modulares Geschoss (oder Gefechtskopf) mit Splittertasche und ALP-Modul;

Fig. 27

ein Geschoss mit P-Ladungskopf und Kern mit Zerlegerladung;

Fig. 28

einen HL-Gefechtskopf mit Strahlfokussierung;

Fig. 29

einen radial segmentierten Penetrator mit zentraler Zerlegeeinrichtung;

Fig. 30

ein Geschoss mit Splitterkopf und einem zentralen Penetrator hohen Schlankheitsgrades mit Schockdämpfung;

Fig. 31

ein modulares Geschoss mit Splitterkopf und zweiteiligem Kern;

Fig. 32

ein modulares Geschoss mit Splitterkopf und mehrteiligem Kern;

Fig. 33

ein modulares Geschoss mit segmentiertem zentralen Penetrator;

Fig. 34

ein modulares Geschoss mit Splitterkopf/Splitterringen und einem zentralen langen Penetrator;

Fig. 35

ein modulares Geschoss mit massiver Spitze, Splitterringen und zentralem Kern sowie ALP-Modul;

Fig. 36

ein modulares Geschoss mit einem langen zentralen Penetrator, konischen Splitterscheiben und ALP-Modul;

Fig. 37

einen Geschossquerschnitt mit einem sechseckigen zentralen Penetrator, flächigen Splitterelementen und Außenhülle; und

Fig. 38

ein modulares Geschoss ohne Spitze / außenballistische Haube mit Splitterringen, einem langen zentralen Penetrator und ALP-Modul.

Further features, details and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the claims in conjunction with the description and from the individual figures and the corresponding explanations. Hereby show:

Fig. 1A

a spin stabilized bullet with a combination of fragmentation head and ALP module according to the invention;

Fig. 1B

an aerodynamically stabilized projectile with a combination of fragmentation head and ALP module according to the invention;

Fig. 1C

a three-part aerodynamically stabilized projectile with a combination of HL head, ALP and KE module according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a tip with integrated functional support (cf. EP-A-1 316 774 );

FIGS. 3A and 3B

Examples of spikes with splinter effect (cf. EP-A-1 316 774 );

Fig. 4

an ALP fragmentation projectile with (here four) laterally acting fragmentation charges;

Fig. 5

an ALP fragmentation projectile with (here six) surfaces constituting charges;

Fig. 6

an ALP tip module with (here four) obliquely forward / outward acting charges (eg P-charges, disc or splinter charges);

Fig. 7

an ALP fragmentation projectile, designed as a splitter head with three splinter cones;

Fig. 8

an ALP fragmentation projectile, designed as a convex fragmentation head of varying thickness;

Fig. 9

an ALP fragmentation projectile with integrated HL / P charge module;

Fig. 10

Insert molds for HL or P charges or disk charges;

Fig. 11

a diagram illustrating the dependence of the muzzle velocity of the mass to be accelerated for the caliber 120 mm;

Fig. 12

an ALP projectile with fragment head;

Fig. 13

an ALP projectile with fragment head and inner core;

Fig. 14

a modular projectile (or bullet head) with a core in the tip area, fragment part, ALP and KE module;

Fig. 15

a projectile (or projectile head) with a multi-stage fragment part;

Fig. 16

an example of directional splinter acceleration;

Fig. 17

a modular projectile with fragment head, core and PELE module;

Fig. 18

a projectile with fragment head, PELE module and core;

Fig. 19

a bullet head with splinter module;

Fig. 20

a directional splinter load with lateral containment;

Fig. 21

a directionally controlled fragmentation charge with an underlying inert body;

Fig. 22A

a fragmentation charge with an upper inert body and ring ignition;

Fig. 22B

a fragmentation charge with an outer upper inert body;

Fig. 23

a fragmentation charge with detonation wave steering;

Fig. 24

a direction-controlled fragmentation charge with inert body and multiple ignition charge;

Fig. 25

a fragmentation charge with detonation wave deflection chambers;

Fig. 26

a modular projectile (or warhead) with splitter pocket and ALP module;

Fig. 27

a projectile with P-charge head and core with burster charge;

Fig. 28

a HL warhead with beam focusing;

Fig. 29

a radially segmented penetrator with central decomposition device;

Fig. 30

a projectile with a fragment head and a central penetrator of high slenderness with shock absorption;

Fig. 31

a modular projectile with fragment head and two-piece core;

Fig. 32

a modular projectile with fragment head and multipart core;

Fig. 33

a modular projectile with segmented central penetrator;

Fig. 34

a modular projectile with fragmentation head / splinter rings and a central long penetrator;

Fig. 35

a modular bullet with solid tip, splinter rings and central core and ALP module;

Fig. 36

a modular projectile with a long central penetrator, conical slivers and ALP module;

Fig. 37

a projectile cross-section with a hexagonal central penetrator, flat splinter elements and outer shell; and

Fig. 38

a modular bullet without tip / outer ballistic hood with splinter rings, a long central penetrator and ALP module.

The FIGS. 1A to 1C show examples according to the invention. These are penetrators with active lateral effective parts in combination with a splinter, P-charge, disc or HL head.

In Figure 1A is a shorter (eg swirl-stabilized) version of a projectile 1 with a local, splitter accelerating and at the same time in the subsequent module pressure-generating element 7A for splitter assignment 11, and FIG. 1B shows a longer (eg aerodynamically stabilized) construction 2 with the splitter accelerating element 7B for the splinter occupancy 12 and a central, further pressure-generating element (detonating cord) 9.

Figure 1C shows a likewise aerodynamically stabilized, three-part version 3 with HL head 13, wherein the explosive of the HL part simultaneously supplies the pressure for the subsequent ALP module. The shell 4 of the ALP module enveloping the pressure-transmitting medium 6 on account of its material property, mass and speed, forms the central radial splitter-forming unit. This is followed by a feature component. The medium 6 transmits the pressure generated by means of a controllable, pyrotechnic device 7A, 7B, 7C on the enveloping body 4 and thus causes a decomposition into fragments / sub-projectiles with a lateral movement components. All examples are provided here with an external ballistic hood 5.

The triggering device 8 may consist of a simple touch detector, a timer, a programmable module, a receiving part and a fuse components. The device 8 can with the locally concentrated pressure-generating unit 7A, 7B, 7C by means of a cylinder-like (ignition cord-like) pyrotechnic module 9 (see FIG. FIGS. 1B and 1C ) or by means of a line 10, which may also have pyrotechnic properties, be connected (see. Figure 1A ).

Basically, the tip represents a parameter that is essential for the efficiency of a projectile EP-A-1 316 774 has already been pointed out (see there FIG. 15 ) that the tip can be designed as a splitter module. In the DE 197 00 349 C1 this aspect is dealt with in more detail. As positive examples are there called: tip as a construction space, explosive tip and tip as an upstream penetrator. The tip may be partially hollow or filled. It is also conceivable that performance-supporting elements are integrated into the top. The Figures 2 and 3A, 3B show examples: FIG. 2 (Figure 43B in EP-A-1 316 774 ) shows an active tip module 14, consisting of the fragmentation jacket 15 in conjunction with the pyrotechnic element 17 and a pressure transmission medium 16. It may well be useful here to merge the tip sheath 18 with the splitter shell. An even simpler construction results in a waiver of the Duckübertragungsmedium 16. When activated, the splinters in the direction of the arrows drawn form a wreath, which not only achieves a corresponding lateral effect, but also for more inclined targets can expect a better impact behavior.

The FIG. 3A (Figure 43C in EP-A-1 316 774 ) shows an ALP module 23 upstream tip 19 with a pyrotechnic element 17 in a sleeve 20th

FIG. 3B (Figure 43D in EP-A-1 316 774 ) shows another tip design, such as a tip element 21 upstream of the ALP module 24, in which the pyrotechnic module 17 is also located in a sleeve and at the same time projects into the tip filled with a medium 22.

The active components introduced in the front part of the bullet or directly in the region of the tip can be effective separately (eg in conjunction with KE modules) or triggered or controlled independently. Preferably, they are combined directly with technical embodiments in the context of the present invention with the aim of an optimal overall function. In this case, it is also possible to integrate components which provide high axial power at a correspondingly high propagation (advance) speed, such as shaped charges, flat-cone charges and also disc-shaped explosive-accelerated projectiles (cf. FIGS. 6 . 10 . 28 . 35-38 ). Such structures are of particular interest, for example, when systems such as active and reactive components are to be triggered on the target side before the impact of the projectile. Furthermore, such systems are particularly suitable for controlling deeper target structures, components, walls and bunker walls, since the leading active component leads to a pre-destruction of the structure. As a result, the subsequent Penetratormodule not eaten prematurely or can penetrate or break without breaking and thus achieve very high performance.

Bullets of this type are, for example, in combination with the ALP principle in an excellent way to combat oncoming threats such as warheads or Combat or reconnaissance drones that can not be fought with direct hits. Even conventional fragmentation bullets are practically ineffective due to the encounter situation with drones and their very limited splinter distribution. The operation of the present invention in combination with a corresponding trip unit promises a previously unachievable efficiency.

With regard to the distances to the target of interest, a distinction can be made between the immediate vicinity (less than 1 m), the near zone (1 m to 3 m), the near zone (3 m to 10 m), the central distance zone (10 m to 30 m ) and the more distant area (over 30 m). In the case of P charges and also with correspondingly shaped disk charges, the range over 30 m may still be interesting, since charges already exist which act over a distance of well over 100 calibres. Again, it will be apparent that with bullet assemblies in accordance with the invention, an almost arbitrary range is available to achieve desired effects corresponding to the known or expected target scenario in a previously unachievable range.

The FIGS. 4 to 10 show a number of illustrative examples and technical design proposals, of course, even more basic arrangements are possible. The arrows, which symbolize the resultant of the propagation direction of the active agents or splinters, indicate the mass or the speed of the active components in terms of length and thickness.

In FIG. 4 is shown as a cross-sectional drawing an ALP tip module 25 with four mainly laterally acting splinter charges 26. These are accelerated by a central explosive body 27. This results in four splitter fields with preferred propagation directions 30A to 30D. Due to the shape of the body 27 and the surface configuration 29 of the fragment body 26, the fields can be varied, that is, for example, have more scattering effect or be aligned more concentrated. By tapering the body 27 towards the tip, the axial component of the splitter speed can also be increased. Further simple possibilities of change are the shape, the mass and the material of the splinters 26 or the accelerated active surfaces. The splitter panels 26 may also fill the entire space 28 to the housing 31. It is also conceivable to produce the splitter body 26 from a pressed material or from a block of material which is either accelerated as a disk (plate) or disassembled during the detonation of 27. Also multi-layered and combined combinations are possible.

FIG. 5 shows again in cross-section as another example of the design of a projectile or warhead a module 32 with six laterally acting area splitter distributions from a central pyrotechnic module 34 in conjunction with corresponding metallic inserts 35 of copper, tantalum, tungsten or other heavy as possible ductile materials and build up splinter surfaces in six directions 36A to 36G. Of course, the number of charges is freely selectable and depends primarily on the dimensions of such a module 32. The housing wall 33 may also give splinters with appropriate design.

FIG. 6 shows as longitudinal and cross-section two further variants of a tip design according to the invention. Thus, in the upper part, it shows an ALP tip module 37 with four charges acting obliquely forwards / outwards (speed-resulting 38) (eg P charges 39, formed from the central explosive element 40 and the metallic insert 41). There are also corresponding forward / outward splintering charges (splinter pockets 43) conceivable (speed resulting 42). This technical variant 44 is in the lower part of FIG. 6 shown.

FIG. 7 shows two further examples of an ALP tip module 45 with a predominantly axially acting fragment head, here in the upper half, formed from three splinter cones 47 (propagation direction 53) behind an outer ballistic hood 48. The acceleration charge 49 for the fragment cones 47 is simultaneously according to the invention an element to which, for example, another explosive cylinder / detonating cord for the active disassembly of the projectile casing 50 via the here preferably solid (eg metallic) pressure transmission medium 51 connects. Of course, the charge 49 may also be separate from subsequent charges such as charge 9 (see lower half of the figure). The splinter distribution can also be influenced by the type of external damming.

In the type of splinter assignment and the given splitter 53 there is a relatively large scope for design. For example, components made of different materials and shapes can be used here. A mixture of heavy (large) and light (small) splinters may also be beneficial. Likewise, the ring surrounding the acceleration component 49 may be designed as a fragment charge 54 (propagation direction 55) (lower half of the figure). It may then be useful to provide a separation 52 between the fragment head and the Restpenetrator.

FIG. 8 Figure 2 shows two further examples of an ALP tip module 56 (top) and 57 (bottom) with a splitter head. This is again covered by an outer ballistic hood 58. This may be hollow (top) or additional splinters or other active agents 59 included (below). By means of a corresponding shaping of the surface 64 of the acceleration unit 62, the propagation direction 61 of the splinters of the splitter body 60 can be predetermined. Behind 62 may be a damming and simultaneously pressure-transmitting medium 63, in which other, arbitrarily shaped splitter can be embedded evenly or unevenly distributed.

As already mentioned, a device according to the present invention can be combined in conjunction with other effective elements in a manner not previously achieved. An appropriately designed ALP can already be an efficient multipurpose projectile (MZ projectile). MZ projectiles (which are predominantly large caliber ammunition in the caliber range 60 mm to over 155 mm) have the primary task to combat those objectives in which the use of designed for a high impact power projectiles is not useful or sufficient. This also applies to weaker armored point targets, e.g. Fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters such as unarmoured or less armored ground targets of larger surface area or lighter targets in larger combat distances. These tasks are usually achieved by means of splitter-dispensing devices, often in combination with a shaped charge or P-charge module.

It is a fundamental advantage of arrangements of the type shown that virtually the entire splitter / sub-mass is discharged with structurally predeterminable velocity components primarily in the direction of the target to be counteracted. This is particularly in the aspect of interest that e.g. In conventional multi-purpose projectiles, a significant portion of the splinters is ejected to the rear and thus remains ineffective. Here, however, it should be noted that arrangements are already known in which splinters, including those with geometric design or occupancy are arranged in the head of explosive projectiles. It is an advantage of the present invention that all previously known designs can be integrated and linked to the invention-specific components.

FIG. 9 shows two examples of an ALP tip module 65 with an axially effective components of high breakdown power (direction of action 66) with simultaneously lateral components. Shown is a shaped charge module with the explosive part 67 and a pointed cone (trumpet-shaped, degressive or progressive) insert 68. Around the explosive charge 67 may also be a splitter ring 54 as a damming (lower half of the picture). The pressure-transmitting medium 70 is to be selected here so that it acts dynamically damming / supporting for the hollow charge. However, in terms of strength and density, a plastic may already be sufficient. This of course also applies to the other examples shown so far and the following examples.

Various possibilities in the design of the insert 68 are in FIG. 10 shown. These range from pure HL inserts 68 to the formation of fast shaped charge jets at top speeds up to over 8,000 m / s (slender velocity arrow 66) over projectile flat-cone or spherical shell liners 71 which still measure at 2,000 m / s to 3,000 m / s approaching the target or striking a target projectile P-charge 73 (thicker, relatively short velocity arrow 69). Furthermore, the axially accelerated active part can also consist of a plate, disc or annular support 74, which can reach speeds of a few 100 m / s to 2,000 m / s. It should be noted that the mentioned speeds are to be added to the respective projectile / warhead speed. Thus, such disc concepts can achieve punch performance, which are to be compared with those of P-charge mines. Such disk heads may also be constructed of two or more disks, which may consist of different materials and different thickness. For better dynamic separation, it may also be useful to introduce a pyrotechnic or a pressure-transmitting medium between the individual discs.

It should be noted that arrangements are already known in which an HL component (Vorhohlladung) before a main charge of a HL projectile, in particular for triggering reactive targets, is located (tandem charges). However, it is again a particular advantage of the present invention that all previously known Vorhohlladungen can be integrated and linked with invention-specific components. In contrast to tandem shaped charges, the precharge positioned in the beam path of the main charge does not reduce the performance, but benefits the entire output of a projectile in accordance with the invention in its entirety. These considerations also apply to upstream P charges.

So far unknown is the combination of plate, disc or annular pyrotechnic accelerated elements in connection with a projectile approaching the target or impinging on a target. Due to their large diameter of action in conjunction with their advance, such components are particularly suited to effectively combat reactive targets.

Regardless of the individual ammunition concepts, the efficiency of the cannon is the deciding factor in case of tube-dropped ammunition. In FIG. 11 the muzzle velocity for the caliber 120 mm achievable with predetermined masses to be accelerated (total or pipe masses) is plotted (continuous line). At a mean muzzle velocity of between 1,100 m / s and 1,300 m / s, masses between 16 kg and 22 kg must be accelerated. Assuming a subcaliber ratio of 2: 1 (corresponding to a flight level diameter of 60 mm) and 4: 3 (corresponding to a flight level diameter of 90 mm as from the outside ballistic view highest sub-caliber ratio), resulting in an assumed sabot mass of 3 kg or 4 kg Penetrator masses between 13 kg and 18 kg. In these projectiles, since they are equivalent in terms of the external ballistic characteristics about with corresponding arrow projectiles (double flight diameter at four times the mass), can be expected with a mean drop in speed of about 50 m / s to 1,000 m. The impact speeds at a combat distance of 4,000 m are thus between 900 m / s and 1,100 m / s.

With the above values, a still quite remarkable end-ballistic effectiveness of a projectile according to the present invention is to be expected both as a KE or PELE projectile and as an ALP. An assumed mean mass for the penetrator of 16 kg could then be divided at a muzzle velocity of 1200 m / s, for example as follows: mass of the splitter / basement mantle 8 kg, mass of a central penetrator (central or axial element) 3 kg, mass the pressure-generating elements 0.2 kg, mass of the pressure-transmitting / additionally effective media or active parts 2 kg, mass for splitter-emitting tip or HL or P-charge tip, tail and other elements 2.8 kg.

In FIG. 11 is also that in consideration of the already emerging after publications inside ballistic performance increases (eg by means of DNDA (Di-nitro-di-AZA) - propellant powder) resulting performance field registered. Thereafter, an increase in the muzzle velocity of about 100 m / s to 120 m / s can be assumed - cf. dashed function course. The resulting displacement of the design range both in terms of a desired increase in speed (direction A) and in terms of a larger Verschuss- or penetrator mass (direction B) is located. Thus, the above estimated bullet (mass 16 kg) can be fired at about 1,300 m / s. Or it can be a bullet mass (tube mass) of 22 kg to 23 kg (average penetrator mass 20 kg) to about 1,200 m / s accelerated. Since the above-assumed masses for sabot, top and rear and for the ancillary equipment remain virtually unchanged, can in this Fall from a mass for the projectile / fragmentation shell of 10 kg with a mass for the central penetrator of again about 4 kg. For the bullet head then a mass of about 3.5 kg would be available. So it would be quite a considerable projectile or warhead tips. It is also conceivable under these circumstances to dispense with a then possible envelope mass of 14 kg on a central penetrator. Basically, in the case of flying objects, the splinter breakdown power emanating from the tip or rather the tip-near region and the projectile is in any case sufficient for combating even hardened targets.

This is a bullet corresponding to in connection with FIG. 11 interpretation capable of penetrating even heavier armor. In conjunction with the lateral effects corresponding to the present invention, such projectiles / warheads become ideal multipurpose projectiles. For the first time, they are able to combat almost the entire target spectrum with a single functional agent. A further increase in effectiveness can be achieved in such projectiles or warheads due to their technical advantages even more than in conventional / known projectiles, for example by means of a projectile control or at least final phase steering.

When estimating the end-ballistic performance, it should be noted that because of their very large and, in particular, dynamically increasing diameter, such penetrators can penetrate penetrating targets, in particular bulkhead targets or reactive armor, which can be compared to or even exceed those of high-performance penetrators. In connection with constructive measures (see comments on the context of the FIGS. 9 and 10 ) and in particular by the introduction of subpenetrators (made of hard and heavy metal), such as in the Figures 13 . 14, 17, 18 . 27 and 30-38 In the case of a whole series of targets, considerably higher penetration rates can be achieved.

A corresponding estimation for another caliber can be based either on a storkbill-like enlargement or reduction or, for example, on a constant length. In the first case, the masses change approximately with the third power of the dimensions, in the latter case with the square of the diameter change. For example, assuming a transition from 120 mm to eg 155 mm, this results in a factor of 2.16 for stork-billed transmission, and a factor of 1.67 for a projectile length that is kept constant.

In the FIGS. 12 to 18 and 26 to 38 Further examples of bullets / warheads according to the present invention are shown.

So is in FIG. 12 an ALP with fragment head shown as swirl-stabilized version. The ALP module has a jacket with inner cone 76.

FIG. 13 shows a bullet accordingly FIG. 12 but still with an additional inner core 78. This can be made of heavy metal, carbide or hardened steel. The cap / hood 77 protects the hard core against unacceptable shock loads, eg when hitting massive or high-strength targets. The trigger or control unit 8 is protected by a strong shell 75 here. This also serves to ensure the pressure in the pressure-generating medium 6 for the disassembly of the shell 76th

Shells with cores corresponding FIG. 13 are particularly suitable for lower impact speeds (below 800 m / s to 1,000 m / s). Here, the hardness of a penetrator still plays the dominant role for the Durchdringleistung. At speeds above 1,000 m / s, the density of a penetrator becomes increasingly important. Then, for example, heavy metal cores are advantageously introduced. When projectiles according to the invention with embedded hard cores, even at relatively low speeds (400 m / s to 600 m / s) in particular then compared to penetrators, which are designed for high impact speeds, still considerable penetration rates expected when the core penetrates not destroyed. At a constant impact velocity, the specific surface loading of the core is the decisive factor for the penetration capacity, ie, to a first approximation, the length of the core.

FIG. 14 shows as a further, fundamental example of a modular projectile 79 with a hard metal or heavy metal core 80 in the tip area. This can either be arranged within an outer ballistic hood 5 or replace it (even partially). Downstream of this is the fragment-dispensing part with a pyrotechnic unit 82 conically formed here. The splinters 81 are preferably ejected in the direction 84, with the conical rear side 83 of the core 80 causing an additional radial component.

An example of a pronounced splinter bullet is in FIG. 15 shown. It is a projectile 85 (or a projectile head) with two-stage fragment part (formed from the pyrotechnic units 86 and 87 and the splitter assignments 88 and 89) and downstream ALP module. The resultant of the accelerated Slivers are represented by the arrows 90 (for 88), 91 (for 89) and 92 (for 4). This example may also be combined with a directional splitter acceleration 93 as shown in FIG FIG. 16 is shown. The splitter occupancy 95 is divided here by means of the partitions 94 into four splitter segments 95, so that they can also be controlled separately (the corresponding resulting splitter arrow 96 is also shown).

The FIGS. 17 and 18 show examples of multipurpose projectiles 97 and 99 with cores and ALP and PELE modules, respectively. So is in FIG. 17 a splitter head of explosive 62 and splitter 61 positioned in front of a hard or heavy metal core 98 which displaces a crater in front of the following PELE module. The ignition of 62 is again via the element 8 and the control or connecting line 10. This line 10 can either run in the wall 4 or lie directly in the pressure-transmitting medium 6 (see. FIG. 18 ). In this way, a high fragmentation effect in the head area with a high penetration power in combination with a delayed PELE effect and a correspondingly large lateral extent is achieved by pushing the inflowing PELE component in the crater over the core or by further puffing it up ,

FIG. 18 shows a multi-purpose storey with one opposite FIG. 17 reverse order of the modules downstream of the splitter head. Here, the fragmentation head / ALP part forms the fragment-producing components, which follow a hard or heavy metal core 100 to achieve a high penetration performance.

The shape of the splitter-accelerating elements with effects primarily in the weft direction must be adapted according to the desired fragmentation distribution. In principle, the acceleration of the splitter in the axial direction will be flat (disk / annular) pyrotechnic elements 105, which may be provided, for example, with a flat inner cone 107 for splinter-focusing (cf. Figures 1A . 12 . 13 and 15 ) or with a flat or stronger outer cone 1 13 (see. FIG. 7 ) or a lighter convex curvature (cf. FIGS. 8 . 17 . 18 . 19 . 30-34 ) or more convex shape (cf. Figures 1B and 8th ) may be provided for radial splitter distribution.

In addition to these geometric measures can still be provided directional control of the splitter. This is particularly interesting in connection with a smart projectile / warhead. In the FIGS. 19 to 25 For example, some embodiments of such applications are compiled. FIG. 19 serves the representation of the closer considered area. Damming takes place either via an outer ring 109 (cf. FIG. 20 ) or via the projectile casing 110 (cf. FIG. 21 ). Lies the igniter 108 more within the charge 105 (left side of FIG FIG. 20 ), as a rule, the self-attenuation is sufficient.

In order to achieve a specific propagation direction (splinter steering) of the splinter occupancy 106, it is possible, for example, to distribute a plurality of igniters or ignition charges 108 on the circumference of a pyrotechnic acceleration element 105, which are to be controlled separately. FIG. 20 , This directional effect can be enhanced by constructive measures. For example with the in FIG. 21 illustrated arrangement 111 with rear inert body 112 for shock wave steering. Another example 114 shows Figure 22A , There, via a front (viewed in the direction of the shot) inert body with inner cone 115, the shock waves emitted after the ignition of the explosive 105 by means of the ignition charge 108 are deflected. It is also an annular ignition 108A conceivable. Likewise, an outer cone 115B for shock wave steering is possible; see. Figure 22B ,

In a consistent embodiment of this approach, a "splitter head shock wave steering" is conceivable. The term shock wave steering is basically known in the case of hollow or P charges for steering or better distribution of the shock waves in the charges accelerating the deposits. There, however, he should primarily cause a better shock wave symmetry and thus a more accurate beam formation. In contrast, it is proposed in the context of this invention to achieve the effect of shock wave guidance by means of bodies introduced into the shock wave propagation fields, an asymmetrical distribution of the shock waves and thus of the shock wave energy, e.g. a splitter assignment to give an uneven distribution or a special direction (splitter head shock wave steering). This effect is to be assisted by a corresponding splitter distribution of the splitter surface 106 and / or design of the surface of the pyrotechnic element 105 (for example concave, convex, conical).

In the FIGS. 23 to 25 Further examples of a fragmentation shock wave steering are shown. Thus, in the structure 116 of FIG FIG. 23 introduced into the explosive 105 a shock wave steering body 117. This can be made of a metallic compound or of plastic or from the explosive effect supporting substances. In the in FIG. 24 shown assembly 118 a plurality of igniters 108 are introduced, which are separated by a wall 119. By a different ignition, a desired direction can be specified here. The inserted front conical inert body 115 supports this effect. In Fig. 25 Finally, an assembly 120 is shown in which the individual igniter / accelerator elements 121 (or the explosive agent ring) in correspondingly shaped pockets between the inner and outer inert bodies 122 and 123 for shock wave steering are located. However, even with appropriate shaping, it can only be a single inert body with indentations. For larger systems, it is also conceivable that a desired asymmetric acceleration of the splitter can be achieved by a displacement of the igniter 108 in the explosive body 105.

In the FIGS. 26 to 38 In further embodiments of projectiles / warheads according to the present invention, additional or expanding technical solutions are presented. So shows FIG. 26 another basic design for a projectile / warhead 124. It is in principle an ALP, which is carried out in the rear part in the known manner, while the front part consists of a splitter chamber 127, in which the splitter 128 embedded in a matrix material are. The charge 126 ignited via the trigger / controller 8 accelerates both projectile modules. While the rear part decomposes laterally at a relatively low speed (see resulting arrows for speeds and masses 130A and 130B, respectively), the splinters 128 in the rear part of the chamber 127, in the case of a thin, ie dividing wall, also become self-confused by the front one Material more radially accelerated (resulting arrow for speed and mass 131), in the front part mainly axial (arrow for speed and mass 132). With a more massive wall or lower axial acceleration on the part 126, a purely axial ejection of the splitter 128 from the pocket / container 127 can be achieved. It is also a fragment filled tip 125 (lower half) with corresponding resulting arrow 125A conceivable.

If it is a projectile according to the present invention with a HL or P-charge head (see. Figures 1C . 9 and 28 ), the overall energy balance can not be surpassed. Thus, for example, the ram which forms during beam formation, on which the rapidly axially propagating beam is supported, is pressed into the ALP module, thus increasing its lateral efficiency.

FIG. 27 shows a projectile according to the invention with P-charge head and core with Zerlegerladung (detonating cord) 135. To simplify the illustration here also control or ignition elements are not shown. This central charge 135 can be designed so that it can not overcome the externally applied pressure in homogeneous targets despite ignition, so that the core can penetrate quasi-homogeneous through the target. For thin targets or targets of low strength, the pressure applied by 135 is sufficient to disassemble the core, making it into several fragments can disassemble and thus gives its performance in the target with a corresponding lateral effect (see also FIG. 29 ).

FIG. 28 shows a HL warhead 136 with a beam focusing device 137. In this example, a trumpet-shaped insert 138 was chosen to achieve high jet speeds. Accordingly slim here is the channel 137 is formed. It is also conceivable to manufacture the channel-forming body 137 from a fragment-forming medium.

In addition to the remarks of FIG. 27 can be done accordingly FIG. 29 Also, a radially segmented module 140 (formed here of four segments 142) may be provided with a bursting charge 141. The resulting arrows 143 are drawn.

FIG. 30 shows a projectile 144 with fragment head, ALP module with a long / slender central penetrator (high slenderness degree) 145 for the highest possible penetration power. The tip of the penetrator 145 is protected by a cap / hood, a cylinder or similar device 146 against shock loads of the pyrotechnic unit and also by the impact and penetration into a target (vg. FIG. 13 ).

FIG. 31 shows a projectile 147 according to the invention with a fragment-forming head and a composite, here very large designed core 148. This consists for example of a hard metal tip 149 and a rear core member 150 made of heavy metal. The connection between 149 and 150 takes place by means of an intermediate layer 151. It stands for a compound of gluing, vulcanization, friction welding or soldering. Of course, however, any other positive or non-positive connection is possible. Such composite cores also have the advantage that they can be processed in heavy metal or steel part. The interface between 149 and 150 may also be tapered to prevent the heavy metal cylinder 150 from being dynamically puffed up on the back surface of the hard core 149 as the tip 149 retards.

In addition to FIG. 31 shows FIG. 32 a modular bullet 152 having a further core structure with a carbide tip 149 and a sleeve-based rear core part 154. The sleeve 153 may be made of another hard metal, heavy metal, steel or other solid material. The inner core shaft 154 may be connected to the tip 149, integrally formed therewith, or simply inserted. It is also a conical shape of the rear core part conceivable, for example, to reduce friction when penetrating deeper targets.

In FIG. 33 the central core consists of a segmented arrangement 156. The projectile / the missile 155 again consists of a fragment head with subsequent ALP module. If the pressure transmission medium 6 consists of a solid material such as magnesium, aluminum or GFRP, the segmented penetrator 156 can be introduced into it by means of a corresponding bore. If the medium 6 consists of a liquid which is not sufficiently stable or mechanically (for the transmission of the launch acceleration), the penetrator 156 could be provided with its own sleeve 153. In the present construction, the central penetrator 156 is composed of two frontal cores 157 (preferably carbide or heavy metal) of low slenderness (low L / D ratio) separated by a buffer 160. This buffer 160 may also be made of the same material as the pressure transfer medium 6. The back core part is here formed of two slenderer cores 158 of higher aspect ratio (high L / D ratio). Between the cores 158, an impact-reducing layer 159 may be located. This layer 159 may also separate two cores 158 of different materials.

FIG. 34 FIG. 10 shows a projectile / warhead 161 whose front splitter component is formed from a chip-dispensing tip and a stack of splitter disks 163 and the respective pyrotechnic elements 164. This is followed either by a solid shaft or an ALP module (cf. FIG. 35 ). This example also includes a long central penetrator 162, which is either solid or in a sleeve 165. The discs can of course be arranged without pyrotechnic intermediate layers, but then the desired separation is not ensured.

At the in FIG. 35 shown modular bullet 166, the splintering tip is replaced by a massive tip 167. This can, for example, penetrate heavier preliminary targets, in order to allow passage of the residual penetrator in this way, so that subsequently the fragments 163 accelerated by the pyrotechnic elements 164 can open radially. By means of a conical tip such discs can still receive a mechanically caused lateral component by the thorns.

Other, non-conventional tip or penetrator designs are in the FIGS. 36 to 38 shown. So shows FIG. 36 a projectile / warhead 168 with a along the entire length extending central penetrator 169, which is surrounded in the front of rings or ring segments 171. These can be conically designed to support the lateral components (see the resulting arrow 173) in the manner of cup springs. These are accelerated by the planar pyrotechnic elements 172. The remainder of the projectile is designed as an ALP module, which is pressure-loaded here by its own pyrotechnic element 170. The central penetrator 169 is provided with its own tip 174. This can also be stepped.

FIG. 37 shows a variant 175 of FIG. 36 , Here, the central penetrator 177 has a hexagonal cross-section. It is surrounded by six planar elements 176 (per layer / plane). These are held together by the outer ring / shell 178. This sheath 178 may also be formed as a shatter-forming coat. Of course, further geometrical configurations according to the technical requirements or desired effects are possible.

In particular, for missiles or very large calibers, the exit velocity is usually low, for caliber 155 mm, for example. at about 800 m / s. Thus, at very large combat distances (20 km) with relatively low impact speeds (400 m / s to 500 m / s) can be expected. The tip shapes to be used are determined by the external ballistics. At low speeds, it may make sense to deviate from conventional tip shapes or to dispense with external ballistic hoods. Even tread tips are conceivable that are to be dimensioned solely from end ballistic specifications, for example, to better attack oblique / inclined target surfaces.

At the in Figure 38 shown variant of a projectile body 179 according to the invention, the discs 180 have a different cone angle and a different thickness with appropriately adapted pyrotechnic elements 181. The hood on the flight or target approach also mechanically removed (eg unfolded), dropped, blasted or during the flight eroded.

It is self-evident that more complex designs of the splintering systems depend primarily on the caliber of the ammunition (and there in the first approximation with the third power of the caliber). While the basic idea of the present invention, even with smaller calibers or projectile diameters, may well be useful depending on the technical complexity, more complex solutions are reserved for medium and, above all, larger calibers (from 60 mm) or large calibers (from 90 mm).

In the EP-A-1 316 774 has already been pointed to the possibility to use the ALP principle even in high-speed torpedoes. However, the impact speeds are at the lower useful limit. With the technical solutions proposed in the context of this invention, a decisive increase in the efficiency is possible by accelerating the use spectrum adapted active body immediately before or during the impact out of the projectile or by the impact of a high lateral and axial effect is triggered. As axially accelerated active body come here particularly suitably designed P-charges and higher discs or rings (possibly with special shape for use under water) into consideration.

Such a hybrid, polyvalent active system of the invention is in addition to the acceleration by means of cannons in a special way for the purpose of using missiles, missile defense systems, controlled / guided bombs or missiles to cruise missiles. Due to the almost unlimited scope for interpretation in connection with almost all known mechanisms of action, such systems have to combat heavily armored ballistic targets via large and / or deep target structures such as lighter targets, airplanes, ships and structures as well as strategic objects.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

spin-stabilized projectile with combination splitter head / ALP module

2

Aerodynamically stabilized projectile with combination splitter head / ALP module

3

three-piece aerodynamically stabilized projectile with combination HL head and ALP module and KE module

4

Splitter / sub-floor generating housing

5

Lace / outside ballistic hood

6

pressure-transmitting medium in the ALP module

7A

pressure generating element / detonator / explosive for splitter and ALP module

7B

pressure generating element / detonator / explosive for splitter and ALP module

7C

pressure-generating element as HL module

8th

Trip device (programmed part, fuse and trip part)

9

cylindrical pressure generating element / detonating cord

10

transmission line

11

Splitter assignment of 7A

12

Splitter assignment of 7B

13

HL-head

14

Tip with active cutting module

15

Fragmentation casing

16

Pressure transmission medium

17

pyrotechnic element

18

top shell

19

massive active tip module

20

Sleeve for pressure-generating element

21

filled with active agent tip module

22

Filling the top 21

23

ALP module

24

ALP module

25

ALP tip module with 4 lateral acting / focused splinter charges

26

fragmentation charge

27

Explosive Central Body of 25

28

Space between 29 and 31

29

Surface shape of 26

30

Propagation directions of the fragmentation charges 26

31

casing

32

ALP tip module with six laterally acting cutting charges 33

33

Housing wall of 32

34

Explosive center body of 32

35

metallic insert

36

Propagation directions of the cutting charges or splitter fields of 35

37

ALP tip module with oblique to / from the outside acting P-charges

38

Resultant of the propagation direction of the reformed P-charge insert 41

39

P-charge

40

central explosive charge

41

metallic insert of 40

42

Resultant of the propagation direction of the splinter field

43A

Splinter bag with splinter load 26

43B

fragmentation charge

44

ALP tip module with slanted forward / outward splinter charges 43B

45

Example of ALP tip module with primarily axial splinter cone

46

Example of ALP tip module with primarily radially acting splinters

47

splitter assignments

48

outside ballistic hood

49

Acceleration charge for 47 or 54

50

Splinter shell according to ALP principle

51

Pressure transmission medium

52

Separation / damping / delay element

53

Propagation directions of 47

54

radially acting splinter charge

55

Propagation directions of 54

56

Example of ALP tip module with splitter head

57

Example of ALP tip module with splitter head

58

outside ballistic hood of 56, 57

59

Active agent filling of 58

60

Propagation directions of the splinters of 61

61

fragmentation charge

62

pyrotechnic charge

63

Damming medium (also with embedded splinters)

64

Surface shape of 62

65

ALP tip modules with upstream / integrated HL or P charge

66

Propagation direction of the projectile / beam formed by the cone 65

67

explosive

68

Cone / insert

69

Propagation direction 71 of the active elements 74

70

pressure transmitting medium

71

P-charge insert

73

P-charge projectile

74

disk-shaped or plate-shaped element / support

75

Sheath / Coat for 8

76

conical splinter coat

77

Protective cap for 78

78

core

79

Example of modular projectile with fragment part and hard core tip

80

Hard core or heavy metal core

81

splinter

82

pyrotechnic unit for splinter acceleration

83

Back of the core 80

84

preferred splitter propagation direction of occupancy 81

85

Example of projectile or projectile head with multistage fragment part

86

first pyrotechnic unit of 85

87

second pyrotechnic unit of 85

88

Splinter assignment of 86

89

Splinter assignment of 87

90

resulting splitter propagation of occupancy 88

91

resulting splitter propagation of occupancy 89

92

resulting splitter propagation of the ALP jacket 4

93

Example of directional splinter acceleration

94

Partitions

95

Splinter chamber or partial splinter assignment

96

resulting spread of splinters 95

97

modular projectile with fragment head, core and PELE module

98

Hard or heavy metal core

99

Bullet example with fragment head, ALP module and core

100

Core / KE module

104

Direction-controlled fragmentation load with lateral strong damming 109

105

pyrotechnic medium

106

splitter occupancy

107

Inner cone of 105

108

squib

108A

annular ignition charge

109

outer damming

110

Wall / floor envelope

111

direction-controlled splinter charge with rear inert body 112

112

Inert body for shock wave steering

113

Outer cone of 105

114

Direction-controlled splinter charge with front inert body 115

115A

front inert body with inner cone for shock wave steering

115B

front outer cone for shock wave guidance

116

Direction-controlled splinter charge with detonation wave steering

117

Inner body for shock wave steering

118

Direction-controlled splinter charge with inert body and multiple ignition charge

119

Separation of the ignition charges 108

120

Direction-controlled fragmentation charge with chambers and detonation shaft steering

121

Acceleration charge / detonator

122

Inert body for internal shock wave steering

123

Inert body for external shock wave steering

124

Projectile with splinter and ALP module

125

splinter filled tip

125A

resulting arrow for mass and speed of 125

126

pyrotechnic unit

127

splitter chamber

128

splinter

129

Matrix material between 128

130A

resulting splitter propagation directions of 4

130B

resulting splitter propagation directions of 4

131

primarily radial splinter propagation direction of 128

132

primarily axial splinter propagation direction of 128

133

Projectile with P-charge head and core with burster charge

134

Core with hole

135

Burster charge for 134

136

Projectile / warhead with beam focusing

137

Device for beam focusing

138

trumpet-shaped insert

139

Channel for HL-beam

140

four-part penetrator

141

central pyrotechnic element

142

Segment of KE penetrator 140

143

resulting arrow for 142

144

Projectile with fragment head and ALP module with central penetrator

145

central penetrator of high slenderness

146

Shock absorption for 145

147

Projectile with fragment head and multipart / compound core 148

148

composite core

149

Carbide core point / front core part

150

Heavy metal - core shaft / rear core part

151

Connection between 149 and 150

152

Bullet with fragment head and sleeve-protected core

153

core sleeve

154

core shaft

155

Projectile with fragment head and multipart / segmented core

156

multi-part / segmented core

157

Single core with low L / D ratio

158

Single core with medium L / D ratio

159

washer

160

intermediate buffer

161

Bullet with fragment head, central penetrator 162 and splinter disks 163

162

central penetrator

163

splitter plate

164

pyrotechnic discs

165

shell

166

Bullet with central penetrator, solid tip, splitter discs and ALP module

167

massive top

168

Bullet with continuous central penetrator, ALP module and conical splitter discs

169

continuous central penetrator

170

accelerating element of the ALP module

171

conical splitter disks / ring segments

172

accelerated pyrotechnic disks for 171

173

resulting arrow

174

Top of 169

175

Bullet cross section with hexagonal penetrator, disk segments / surface segments and shell 178

176

Disk segment / surface segment

177

central hexagonal penetrator

178

Outer ring / shell

179

Projectile without outer ballistic hood with splinter disks and ALP module

180

conical disks

181

pyrotechnic elements

Claims (42)

1. A hybrid polyvalent projectile or hybrid polyvalent warhead, comprising: a first projectile portion for delivering active means (11), said active means being disposed in the nose (5) or in a region near the nose of the projectile or warhead, and a second projectile portion, wherein
   a pyrotechnic means (7) both for triggering said active means in said first projectile portion and also for building up a pressure field is provided between said first projectile portion and said second projectile portion; and
   said second projectile portion comprises a terminal-ballistically operative casing (4),
   characterized in that
   said second projectile portion further comprises an inert pressure transmission medium (6) provided within said casing, for merely transmitting the pressure filed built up by said pyrotechnic means (7) tto said casing (4); and
   a plurality of successively or laterally arranged first projectile portions is provided.
2. The projectile or warhead according to claim 1, wherein said first projectile portion and/or said second projectile portion are in the form of modules.
3. The projectile or warhead according to claim 2, wherein said first projectile portion and/or said second projectile portion are in the form of exchangeable modules.
4. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said first projectile portion contains as the active means (11) an explosive (blast, fragmentation, HC or P) charge or a combination thereof.
5. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 4,wherein a directional control means (108, 112, 115, 117) of said active means (106) is integrated therein.
6. The projectile or warhead according to claim 5, wherein the directional control (112, 115, 117) of said active means (106) is effected by way of a shock wave guidance.
7. The projectile or warhead according to claim 5, wherein the directional control (108) of said active means (106) is carried out by means of an asymmetrical firing of the acceleration charge.
8. The projectile or warhead according to claim 5, wherein the directional control of said active means is carried out by means of a structural segmentation.
9. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein spherically, cuboidally or cylindrically shaped active means (11) of equal or different sizes of the same or different materials are accelerated out of said first projectile portion.
10. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein plate-shaped, ring-shaped, disk-shaped or areally elements (74) of any contour are accelerated out of said first projectile portion in axial direction or predominantly axial direction.
11. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 4 to 10, wherein said active means are predominantly axially ejected from a container or a fragment pocket (127).
12. The projectile or warhead according to claim 10, wherein said active means (128) are embedded in a matrix or supported against each other upon acceleration.
13. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 4 to 12, wherein one or more disk-shaped active means (171) which consist of equal or different materials or contain reacting / pressure-producing intermediate layers are predominantly axially accelerated.
14. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein said pyrotechnic means (7) comprises a plurality of pressure-producing elements (86, 87).
15. The projectile or warhead according to claim 14, whereinsaid pressure-producing elements (86, 87) of said pyrotechnic means (7) are provided with a position or time-controlled safety and/or firing system or connected thereto.
16. The projectile or warhead according to claim 14 or 15, wherein said pressure-producing elements (86, 87) of said pyrotechnic means (7) are controlled or actuated separately or are connected together by means of a signal transmission line, by means of fuse cord means or by way of a radio signal.
17. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the triggering of said pyrotechnic means (7) is provided in form of a triggering device (8) working in a time-programmed fashion, by means of contact, mechanically, optically, electronically, by radio and/or by radar.
18. The projectile or warhead according to claim 17, wherein said triggering devicve (8) is triggerable by a time-controlled signal upon launch or during the flight phase or by a signal upon impact, upon penetration or in the interior of a target structure.
19. The projectile or warhead according to claim 17, wherein said triggering device (8) is controlled by a target guidance system and/or a target recognition system.
20. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein said active means (11) are triggered simultaneously or in time-displaced relationship.
21. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein said second projectile portion is combined with a PELE projectile portion.
22. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein said second projectile portion includes at least one central penetrator (145, 162, 169).
23. The projectile or warhead according to claim 22, wherein a part of said penetrator represents a pure fragmentation component.
24. The projectile or warhead according to claim 22 or 23, wherein said central penetrator is in the form of a separating, radially segmented element.
25. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein said terminal-ballistically operative casing (4) of said second projectile portion consists of a homogeneous material, preformed fragments, sub-projectiles or independently operative penetrators.
26. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein different configurations are provided over the periphery and/or over the length.
27. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein further operative components (sub-projectiles, fragment pockets, liquid or solid active means) are additionally included.
28. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 27, further comprising a cylindrical penetrator (150), a core or a core tip (149) made from steel, hard metal and heavy metal.
29. The projectile of warhead according to claim 28, wherein said core / said core tip (149) has a shock-reducing cap / hood.
30. The projectile or warhead according to claim 28 or 29, wherein said penetrator, said core or said core tip consists of a combination of different materials.
31. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 28 to 30, further comprising a stepped tip, an ogival or conical tip or an external-ballistic hood.
32. The projectile or warhead according to claim 31, wherein an axially leading active component is focussed by the nose.
33. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 32, which is spin stabilised or aerodynamically stabilised.
34. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 33, which is combined with an explosive projectile.
35. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 34, which is combined with a weight projectile made from steel, heavy metal or hard metal.
36. The projectile or warhead according to claim 28 or 35, wherein said weight projectile or said module being inertly operating, homogenous or axially or radially segmented includes a self-destructing means.
37. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 36, which is combined with a guided or final phase-controlled system.
38. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 37, which includes a safety self-destructing means.
39. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 38, which is integrated into a missile or a rocket.
40. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein active components according to any one of preceding claims are ejected from a system such as a penetrator, projectile, container, warhead or rocket.
41. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 38, which can be accelerated or ejected by means of a rocket drive / a booster.
42. The projectile or warhead according to any one of claims 1 to 38, which is integrated into an underwater warhead or a high-velocity torpedo.

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