EP1316774B1 - High penetration and lateral effect projectiles having an integrated fragment generator - Google Patents

Abstract

A projectile comprises an inner inert pressure transfer medium (4), a sleeve (2A), a pressure generating unit (5) which borders onto or is located in the inert medium, and an activating unit (7). The pressure generating unit has one or more elements (6). The mass of the pressure generating unit is low in relation to that of the pressure transfer medium.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an inert highly active active penetrator, an active projectile, an active missile or an active multi-purpose projectile with a structurally adjustable ratio between breakdown power and lateral effect. The overall end ballistic effect from the penetration depth and surface occupancy / surface loading is triggered in the active case by means of a device (device) which can be triggered independently of the position of the active body. This is achieved by means of a suitable inert transmission medium, such as e.g. a liquid, a pasty medium, a plastic, a composite of several components substance or a plastically deformable metal, within this via a pressure-generating / detonative device (even without Primärsprengstoff) with integrated or function-given Zündauslösung with integrated Zündsicherung a quasi-hydrostatic or hydrodynamic Pressure field built and transmitted to the surrounding, splinter-forming or sub-bullet donating envelope.

• Wuchtgeschossen (KE-Geschossen, drall- oder aerodynamisch stabilisierten Pfeilgeschossen);
• Hohlladungen (HL-Geschossen, Flachkegelladungen, vorzugsweise aerodynamisch stabilisiert) mit Zündeinrichtung;
• Sprenggeschossen mit Zündeinrichtung;
• inerten Splittergeschossen, z.B. PELE (Penetrator mit erhöhten lateralen Effekten) oder mit Zerlegeladung mit Zündeinrichtung;
• sogenannten Mehrzweckgeschossen/Hybridgeschossen (Spreng-/Splitterwirkung mit z.B. HL-Wirkung, radial oder in Flugrichtung ("ahead") wirkend);
• Tandemgeschossen (KE, HL oder kombiniert);
• Gefechtsköpfen (meist mit HL- und/oder Splitter-/Sprengwirkung); und
• Penetratoren oder Sub-Penetratoren in Flugkörpern oder Gefechtsköpfen.

For end-ballistic effect carriers, one usually distinguishes between:

• Balancing projectiles (KE projectiles, spiral or aerodynamically stabilized arrow projectiles);
• Shaped charges (HL projectiles, Flachkegelladungen, preferably aerodynamically stabilized) with ignition device;
• Explosive projectiles with ignition device;
• inert shell fragments, for example PELE (P enetrator with e rhöhten l ateralen ffekten E) or Zerlegeladung with ignition means;
• so-called multi-purpose projectiles / hybrid projectiles (explosive / splinter effect with eg HL effect, acting radially or in the direction of flight);
• Tandem bullets (KE, HL or combined);
• Warheads (mostly with HL and / or splintering / blasting effect); and
• Penetrators or sub-penetrators in missiles or warheads.

Furthermore, there are corresponding special constructions for a number of the above-mentioned effective body sections. These usually unfold certain, constructive or technological (material side) given effects. An effect-optimized design is usually associated with a serious limitation of the range of effects. In order to meet the requirements of the battlefield, one usually resorts to a combination of several (two or three) separate functional units (eg separately supplied ammunition, mixed belts, etc.). Simplifying combines, for example, balancing (KE effect) with blasting and fragmentation projectiles.

The simplification of the ammunition range without limiting the spectrum of action is thus always an aspirational solution. In the field of balancing projectiles, a decisive advance was achieved by the laterally acting penetrators (PELE penetrators). Such PELE penetrators are disclosed for example in DE 197 00 349 C1. This functional unit combines the KE depth effect with a fragmentation or sub-floor generation in such a favorable manner that, in a whole series of applications, this ammunition concept alone is sufficient to fulfill the tasks set. The key limitation of this principle is that interaction with the target is necessary to trigger the lateral effects, as this is the only way to build up a corresponding internal pressure that can laterally accelerate or disassemble the bullet-shaped bullet shell.

With the present invention, a way is shown how not only the power spectrum of pure balancing projectiles can be linked with that of explosive / splitter / multipurpose / tandem projectiles with the least possible restrictions on the range of effects, but also functions not yet to be combined, separate types of ammunition integrate. This makes it possible to combine the properties of different ammunition concepts in a single functional unit. This not only leads to a decisive improvement of previously known multipurpose projectiles, but also to an almost unlimited expansion of the conceivable range of use in ground, air and sea targets and in the defense against missiles.

The invention does not intend to use pyrotechnic powders or explosives as solely enmeshing or splinter accelerating elements. Such projectiles are known in various embodiments with and without ignition device (cf., for example, DE 29 19 807 C2). Also, DE 197 00 349 C1 already names this possibility, for example in conjunction with an expansion medium as a single component.

From US-A-4,625,650 an explosive and provided with a hollow cylindrical and aerodynamic copper jacket burned bullet with tubular penetrator made of heavy metal with explosive device is known. Taking into account the relatively small caliber (12.7 mm), a sufficient depth effect with additional lateral effect alone for physical reasons is not achievable. Its active components also do not correspond in their mode of operation to the situation described in the context of this invention.

Another bullet is known from US-A-4,970,960, which essentially comprises a bullet core and a mandrel formed thereon and connected therewith, with the mandrel formed, the inner mandrel being disposed in a bore of the bullet core. It may consist of a pyrophoric material, for example of zirconium, titanium or their alloys. Also this floor is not active. Likewise, it contains no bulking medium.

From DE-A-32 40 310 an armor-piercing projectile is known, by means of which a fire-generating effect is to be achieved inside the target, wherein the projectile formed largely as a solid body cylindrical metal body arranged thereon tip and arranged in the cavity of the metal body fire sentence includes, which is formed for example as a cylindrical solid body or as a hollow cylindrical sleeve. In this bullet, the outer shape remains unchanged during penetration, inside the adiabatic compression is to be created with explosive combustion of the fire sentence. Again, no active components are included and no means are provided to achieve dynamic expansion of the metal body acting as a penetrator and its lateral decomposition or fragmentation.

Furthermore, EP-A-0 718 590, which forms the basis for the preamble of claim 1, discloses an active body having a plurality of active bodies embedded in a support matrix, an explosive extending over the entire length of the active bodies as a pressure-generating device with lateral action and a triggering device for triggering the explosive. The explosive extends over the entire length of the active body and adjacent to a thin wall to limit the space for the explosive directly to the active body.

The US-A-5,243,916 describes a pure explosive projectile, which is constructed from two components in cross section with different pyrotechnic properties. The choice of two explosive components with different pyrotechnic properties to improve the sensitivity of the projectile against external influences.

Shelter combat, in warheads to the TBM (Tactical Ballistic Missile) - to serve defense and use in so-called killer satellites and, finally, for use in supercavitating torpedoes / high speed torpedoes.

In DE 197 00 349 C1 bullets or warheads are disclosed which produce by means of an internal arrangement for the dynamic formation of expansion zones sub-projectiles or splinters with great lateral effect. In principle, this involves the interaction of two materials when striking armored targets or penetrating and penetrating into homogeneous or structured targets in such a way that the inner, dynamically damped material is opposite to the material surrounding or penetrating it at a higher speed Builds pressure field and thus gives the outer material a lateral velocity component. This pressure field is determined by both the projectile and the target parameters. Since such penetrators, both in their initial form as well as in individual components (splinters, sub-projectiles) should have the greatest possible end-ballistic effect, the shell can be made of steel or preferably tungsten heavy metal (WS). From the intended decomposition at given target parameters then results in the range of suitable expansion media. Depending on the selected combination, expansion pressures are generated at impact speeds of a few 100 m / s, which ensure reliable disassembly of the projectile or warhead. Technical or material-specific aids such as the design or the partial weakening of the surface or the choice of brittle materials as a shell material are basically not a prerequisite, but extend the scope and the range of applications in these so-called PELE penetrators.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a further developed active active body with the features of claim 1.

The active body according to the present invention comprises an active body shell, a pressure generating device with one or more pressure generating elements and an activatable triggering device for triggering the pressure generating device. Within the active body shell, an inert pressure-transmitting medium is furthermore arranged as a component of the active body which is separate from the pressure-generating device and to which the pressure-generating device adjoins or into which it is introduced. The ratio of the pyrotechnic mass of the pressure-generating device to the mass of the inert pressure transmission medium is at most 0.5, and the pressure transmission medium is wholly or partly made of a material selected from the group of light metals or their alloys, plastically deformable metals or their alloys, thermoset or thermoplastics, organic substances, liquid media, elastomeric materials, vitreous or powdered materials, compacts of vitreous or powdered materials, and mixtures or combinations thereof.

Further, it is advantageous to limit the ratio of the mass of the pressure-generating unit to the total mass of the pressure-transmitting medium and the active body shell to a maximum of 0.1 or a maximum of 0.05. This ratio is particularly preferably ≦ 0.01, although even smaller values can be selected.

The present invention relates to an active projectile or an active body, wherein the end ballistic depth effect is combined with an either programmed and / or determined by the target to be controlled sub-basement and / or fragmentation. In this case, the entire spectrum of action is swept in different ways in a previously unknown manner such that a technically universal conceived penetrator by changing individual Geschos parameter the intended effects or target occupancies achieved in the best possible way that the invention determining concept largely independent of the type of projectile or the missile with respect to its stabilization (eg spin or aerodynamically stabilized, folding tail, shape stabilization or otherwise spent as in the target), with respect to the caliber (full caliber, sub caliber) and with respect to the movement or acceleration (eg cannon accelerated, rocket accelerated) designed as a projectile / warhead or integrated into such. The arrangement according to the invention (projectile or missile) also basically requires no airspeed to trigger their function. An airspeed, however, determines the end-ballistic performance in the direction of flight. It is therefore particularly effective in combination with the active part and the triggering time.

The universal possibilities of the arrangement according to the invention are expressed by the fact that it can act without changing the basic principle on the one hand to an arrow bullet highest penetration power with additional over the entire length or in partial areas fragmentation or sub-floors forming facilities on the other Page mainly to a filled with a (eg pyrotechnic) active element projectile container, which in turn can deliver over the entire length or only in sub-areas sub-floors or splinters. And this basically on the trajectory, at target approach, when striking, at the beginning of the penetration, during the target passage, or only after penetration.

The penetrator according to the invention (projectile or missile) has, in addition to its active properties, a structurally adjustable ratio between breakdown power and lateral action. The principle inert mode of action is thereby initiated by means of a position-specific device or device which can be triggered independently of the position of the active body in order to trigger or support the lateral effectiveness (or the lateral effect effects). This is achieved by means of a suitable inert transmission medium such as e.g. a liquid, a pasty medium, a plastic, a polymeric material or a plastically deformable metal a quasi-hydrostatic or hydrodynamic pressure field based pyrotechnic / detonative device (even without primary explosives) with built-in or function-given ignition initiation with integrated Zündsicherung.

1A and 1B show such active lateral active penetrators ALP (Active Lateral Acting Penetrator), Fig. 1A in a shorter (eg spin stabilized) and Fig. 1B in a longer (eg aerodynamically stabilized) construction with an outer ballistic hood or tip 10. The Due to its material properties, mass and speed, end-ballistic, enveloping bodies 2A, 2B form the central component of the component. This body 26, partially or completely closed, encloses an inner part 3A, 3B, which in the region of a desired active lateral action is filled with a suitable transfer medium 4, which generates the pressure on the enveloping body 2A generated by means of a controllable pyrotechnic device 5 2B transmits and thus causes a decomposition into fragments / sub-projectiles with a lateral movement components.

In constructing the pressure field in the inert medium 4 and its effect on the environment, the acoustic resistance of the adjacent media (density ρ × longitudinal sound velocity c) is important. For this determines the degree of reflection and thus the energy that can be communicated by the inert medium 4 of the surrounding shell 2A, 2B. This relationship is explained for example in the ISL report ST 16/68 by G. Weihrauch and H. Müller "Investigations with new armor materials".

In the case of inequality of the acoustic resistances, the quotient (ρ ₁ × c ₁ ) / (ρ ₂ × c ₂ ) is denoted as m (with m> 1) and the expression α = (m-1) / (m) is defined as the reflection coefficient α +1). This consideration is not only of interest for the pressure transfer medium but also when, for example, two envelopes or media are to be used in combination (see Figures 13, 15, 16A, 16B, 23 and 24).

From the above definition, it can be concluded that with liquids (c ≈ 1500 m / s) or similar substances usually more than 95% of the incoming impact energy is reflected at the interface pressure transfer medium / shell (steel or WS). But even with a light metal such as aluminum, more than 70% is reflected in an AC sheath, with light metal about 50% compared to a steel sheath. A particularly wide scope arises when using plastics and polymers. There, the sound propagation rates vary between 50 m / s and 2000 m / s, the densities between about 1 and 2.5 g / cm ³ . This results in the combination with duralumin as a shell and plastic / polymer as a pressure transmission medium, for example, for a double jacket or a training projectile a degree of reflection of 60% or more. This thus decisively determines the efficiency of the pressure transmission medium with regard to speed (time), the pressure transfer and thus the sensitivity (spontaneity) of the lateral propagation or also with respect to the axial pressure charging as a function of location and time.

The inert medium 4 is usually a substance capable of dynamically transferring compressive forces without major losses of attenuation. However, cases are also conceivable in which damping properties are desired, such as for certain cutting specifications or for achieving particularly low cutting speeds. The inner medium can furthermore be made variable over its length or in its material properties (eg different speeds of sound) and thus produce different lateral effects. It is also conceivable, via different damping properties of the pressure-transmitting medium 4 axially different decompositions of the casings 2A, 2B cause. Furthermore, this can Medium 4 also have other, for example, effect-enhancing or effect-supporting properties. In the inert medium 4 introduced / cast elements or the interior 3A, 3B limiting inner shells or structures (eg introduced sub-projectiles) prevent neither the system inert inherent PELE- nor its ALP properties.

The active pyrotechnic unit 5 may consist of a single, in relation to the size of the active body small, electrically ignitable detonator 6, which is connected to a simple touch detector, a timer, a programmable module, a receiving part and a fuse component as activatable triggering device 7. This activatable triggering device 7 can be arranged in the tip region and / or rear region of the penetrator and connected by means of a line 8.

The tip 10 may be hollow or solid. Thus, it can serve, for example, as a housing for additional devices such as, for example, sensors or triggering or safety elements of the active pyrotechnic unit 5. It is also conceivable that power assisting elements are integrated in the tip (see, for example, Figures 43A to 43D).

In the aerodynamically stabilized version 1B, a rigid tail 12 is indicated. This may also contain additional equipment as listed above in the central area. It is also conceivable in principle that the active body contains an electronic component in the sense of data processing (so-called "on-board systems").

The present invention is therefore not an explosive projectile or an explosive device or an explosive / fragmentary projectile of conventional design and also not a projectile with an igniter of conventional design with the necessary and very complex (primary / secondary explosive separating) safety devices. It is also not a projectile, which basically has a PELE structure according to DE 197 00 349 C1. However, it can be very advantageous, and in most applications, this is also compatible with the ALP specifications, if, for example, in a combination of effects or to ensure a lateral effect even in the inert case in intended and particularly advantageous applications, the properties of a passive Lateralentetrators integrated PELE type are integrated.

Fig. 1A

eine drallstabilisierte Version eines ALP;

Fig. 1B

eine aerodynamisch stabilisierte Version eines ALP;

Fig. 2A

Beispiele für Positionen der Hilfseinrichtungen zur Steuerung bzw. Auslösung und Sicherung der druckerzeugenden Einrichtungen bei Pfeilgeschossen;

Fig. 2B

Beispiele für Positionen der Hilfseinrichtungen zur Steuerung bzw. Auslösung und Sicherung der druckerzeugenden Einrichtungen bei Drallgeschossen;

Fig. 3A

ein erstes Beispiel für eine Heck/Leitwerksform (zum Beispiel zur Aufnahme der Hilfseinrichtungen) in Form eines starren Flügelleitwerks;

Fig. 3B

ein zweites Beispiel für eine Heck/Leitwerksform (zum Beispiel zur Aufnahme der Hilfseinrichtungen) in Form eines Kegelleitwerks;

Fig. 3C

ein drittes Beispiel für eine Heck/Leitwerksform (zum Beispiel zur Aufnahme der Hilfseinrichtungen) in Form eines Sternleitwerks;

Fig. 3D

ein viertes Beispiel für eine Heck/Leitwerksform (zum Beispiel zur Aufnahme der Hilfseinrichtungen) in Form eines Leitwerks mit gemischtem Aufbau;

Fig. 4A

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form einer kompakten druckerzeugenden Einheit im vorderen Mittelteil;

Fig. 4B

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form einer kompakten Einheit im Heckbereich;

Fig. 4C

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form einer kompakten Einheit im spitzennahen Bereich;

Fig. 4D

ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form einer kompakten Einheit in der Spitze;

Fig. 4E

ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form einer ausgedehnten schlanken Einheit im vorderen Bereich des Penetrators;

Fig. 4F

ein sechstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form einer durchgehenden schlanken Einheit;

Fig. 4G

ein siebentes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form von drei gleichmäßig verteilten kompakten Einheiten;

Fig. 4H

ein achtes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form einer Kombination einer kompakten Einheit im spitzennahen Bereich mit einer schlanken Einheit;

Fig. 4I

ein neuntes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form eines zweigeteilten Geschosses mit einer kompakten Einheit im hinteren Teil;

Fig. 4J

ein zehntes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form eines zweigeteilten Geschosses mit kompakten Einheiten in beiden Teilen;

Fig. 4K

ein elftes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung von druckerzeugenden Elementen in Form eines zweigeteilten Geschosses mit einer kompakten Einheit in der Geschossspitze und einer schlanken Einheit im hinteren Geschossteil;

Fig. 5A

ein Beispiel eines ALP-Geschosses mit einer Steuer/Sicherungs/Auslöseeinheit im Spitzenbereich mit einer Steuer- und Signalleitung zur zweiten Einheit;

Fig. 5B

ein weiteres Beispiel eines ALP-Geschosses mit einer Steuer/Sicherungs/ Auslöseeinheit im Heckbereich mit einer Steuer- und Signalleitung zur zweiten Einheit;

Fig. 6A

verschiedene Beispiele für Geometrien von druckerzeugenden Elementen;

Fig. 6B

weitere Beispiele für Geometrien von druckerzeugenden Elementen;

Fig. 6C

noch weitere Beispiele für Geometrien von druckerzeugenden Elementen;

Fig. 6D

weitere Beispiele für Geometrien von druckerzeugenden Elementen mit Kegelspitzen und Abrundungen;

Fig. 6E

ein Beispiel für die Kombination von zwei druckerzeugenden Elementen unterschiedlicher Geometrie mit einem Übergangsbereich;

Fig. 7

verschiedene Beispiele für hohle druckerzeugende Elemente;

Fig. 8A

ein Beispiel für eine Anordnung miteinander verbundener druckerzeugender Elemente;

Fig. 8B

ein Beispiel für die Anordnung eines mit äußeren druckerzeugenden Elementen verbundenen zentralen Penetrators;

Fig. 9A

den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines ALP-Geschosses mit drei hintereinander positionierten Wirkzonen;

Fig. 9B

eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise eines ALP-Geschosses von Fig. 9A, bei dem alle drei Wirkzonen vor dem Erreichen des Ziels aktiviert werden;

Fig. 9C

eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise eines ALP-Geschosses von Fig. 9A, bei dem nur die vordere Wirkzone (gegebenenfalls auch die hintere Wirkzone) vor dem Erreichen des Ziels aktiviert wird;

Fig. 9D

eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise eines ALP-Geschosses von Fig. 9A, bei dem alle drei Wirkzonen erst bei Erreichen des Ziels aktiviert werden;

Fig. 10

eine Darstellung einer numerischen 2D-Simulation der Druckerzeugung mittels eines schlanken zündschnurähnlichen Detonators gemäß Fig. 4F;

Fig. 11

eine Darstellung einer numerischen 2D-Simulation der Druckerzeugung mittels zweier unterschiedlicher druckerzeugender Einheiten gemäß Fig. 4H;

Fig. 12

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Geschosses gemäß der Erfindung mit zwei axialen Zonen A und B unterschiedlicher geometrischer Ausgestaltung;

Fig. 13

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines aktiven Wirkkörpers gemäß der Erfindung mit symmetrischem Aufbau, zentralem druckerzeugendem Element sowie einem inneren und einem äußeren Druckübertragungsmedium, im Querschnitt;

Fig. 14

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines aktiven Wirkkörpers gemäß der Erfindung mit einem exzentrisch positionierten druckerzeugenden Element, im Querschnitt;

Fig. 15A

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines aktiven Wirkkörpers gemäß der Erfindung mit einer exzentrisch positionierten Druckerzeugungseinheit, sowie einem inneren gut druckverteilenden Medium und einem äußeren Druckübertragungsmedium, in einer Querschnittsansicht entsprechend Fig. 13;

Fig. 15B

im Querschnitt ein ähnliches Ausführungsbeispiel eines aktiven Wirkkörpers gemäß der Erfindung wie in Fig. 13, jedoch mit druckerzeugenden Elementen im äußeren Druckübertragungsmedium und mit einem inneren Medium als Reflektor;

Fig. 16A

im Querschnitt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines aktiven Wirkkörpers gemäß der Erfindung mit einem zentralen Penetrator mit druckerzeugenden Elementen im Penetrator und im äußeren druckübertragenden Medium, die zum Beispiel getrennt ansteuerbar sind;

Fig. 16B

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines aktiven Wirkkörpers gemäß der Erfindung mit einem zentralen Penetrator und mit druckerzeugenden Elementen im äußeren druckübertragenden Medium, im Querschnitt;

Fig. 17

einen Standardaufbau eines ALP-Geschosses im Querschnitt, der auch als Bezug für weitere Ausführungsbeispiele verwendet wird;

Fig. 18

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung mit einem zentralen Penetrator mit sternförmigem Querschnitt und mehreren druckerzeugenden Elementen, im Querschnitt;

Fig. 19

im Querschnitt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung mit einem zentralen Penetrator mit rechteckigem oder quadratischem Querschnitt und mehreren druckerzeugenden Elementen;

Fig. 20

im Querschnitt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung entsprechend Fig. 9A mit vier Hüllensegmenten;

Fig. 21

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung mit zwei lateral angeordneten druckübertragenden Medien, im Querschnitt;

Fig. 22

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung mit einem segmentierten druckerzeugenden Element, im Querschnitt;

Fig. 23

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung mit zwei unterschiedlichen, lateral angeordneten Hüllenschalen, im Querschnitt;

Fig. 24

im Querschnitt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung entsprechend Fig. 17 mit zusätzlichem äußeren Mantel;

Fig. 25

im Querschnitt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung mit einem nicht kreisrunden Querschnitt;

Fig. 26

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung mit einem sechseckigen zentralen Teil entsprechend Fig. 17 und einem Splitterring aus vorgeformten Subgeschossen oder Splittern mit nicht-kreisförmigem Querschnitt (z.B. auch mit PELE-Aufbau);

Fig. 27

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus gemäß der Erfindung ähnlich wie in Fig. 26, aber mit einer weiteren Hülle;

Fig. 28

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Geschosses mit vier Penetratoren (zum Beispiel in PELE-Bauweise) und einer zentralen Druckerzeugungseinheit;

Fig. 29

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Geschosses mit drei Penetratoren (zum Beispiel in PELE-Bauweise) und drei im inerten Übertragungsmedium angeordneten Druckerzeugungseinheiten;

Fig. 30A

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus mit einem massiven zentralen Penetrator mit beliebigem Querschnitt und drei im inerten Übertragungsmedium angeordneten Druckerzeugungseinheiten;

Fig. 30B

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus ähnlich dem von Fig. 30A, jedoch mit einem massiven, Segmente bildenden Penetrator mit dreieckigem Querschnitt;

Fig. 30C

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus im Querschnitt ähnlich dem von Fig. 30B, jedoch mit einem dreieckigen hohlförmigen Körper;

Fig. 30D

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus im Querschnitt mit einem kreuzförmigen Innenelement;

Fig. 31

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus mit einem zentralen Penetrator mit beliebigem Querschnitt, der selbst wieder als ALP ausgeführt ist;

Fig. 32

ein Ausführungsbeispiel für einer Druckerzeugungseinheit mit nichtkreisförmigem Querschnitt;

Fig. 33

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Geschosses mit mehreren (hier drei) Einheiten (Segmenten) über dem Querschnitt, die beispielsweise getrennt ansteuerbar sind;

Fig. 34

verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele für Verdämmungen;

Fig. 35

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Penetrators mit Splitterkopf (gleichzeitig Verdämmung für die Zündeinleitung) und konischem Mantel;

Fig. 36

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Penetrators mit Verdämmung (für die Zündeinleitung) und konischem druckerzeugendem Element;

Fig. 37

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Geschosses mit modularem Innenaufbau, der zum Beispiel als Behälter für Flüssigkeiten ausgeführt ist;

Fig. 38

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus mit Hüllensegmenten, die zum Beispiel getrennt ansteuerbar sind;

Fig. 39

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Aufbaus mit einem Mantel aus Subgeschossen;

Fig. 40A

eine Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiel eines dreiteiligen ALP-Geschosses, die den grundsätzlichen Aufbau zeigt, wobei der aktive Teil im Spitzenbereich vorgesehen ist;

Fig. 40B

eine Fig. 40A entsprechende Darstellung eines dreiteiligen ALP-Geschosses, wobei der aktive Teil im Mittelbereich vorgesehen ist;

Fig. 40C

eine Fig. 40A entsprechende Darstellung eines dreiteiligen ALP-Geschosses, wobei der aktive Teil im Heckbereich vorgesehen ist;

Fig. 40D

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines dreiteiligen ALP-Geschosse, aber mit einer aktiven Tandem-Anordnung;

Fig. 41

eine beispielhafte Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Separierung eines ALP-Geschosses;

Fig. 42A

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Spitzengestaltung eines ALP-Geschosses, mit einem PELE-Penetrator;

Fig. 42 B

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Spitzengestaltung eines ALP-Geschosses, mit einem ALP-Aufbau;

Fig. 42C

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Spitzengestaltung eines ALP-Geschosses als massives aktives Spitzenmodul;

Fig. 42D

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Spitzengestaltung eines ALP-Geschosses, mit einer mit Wirkmittel gefüllten Spitze;

Fig. 42E

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Spitzengestaltung eines ALP-Geschosses, als Spitze mit zurückgesetztem Druckübertragungsmedium (Hohlraum);

Fig. 42F

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Spitzengestaltung eines ALP-Geschosses, als Spitze mit vorgezogenem Druckübertragungsmedium;

Fig. 43A

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation, die ein ALP-Geschoss gemäß der Erfindung mit kompakter Druckerzeugungseinheit und einem Liquid als Druckübertragungsmedium (entsprechend Fig. 4C) sowie einem WS-Mantel zeigt;

Fig. 43B

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 43A, 150 µsec nach der Zündung;

Fig. 44A

eine Darstellung 3D-Simulation eines ALP-Geschosses mit einer schlanken Druckerzeugungseinheit, einem WS-Mantel und einem Liquid als Druckübertragungsmedium (entsprechend Fig. 4E);

Fig. 44B

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 44A, 100 µsec nach der Zündung;

Fig. 45A

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation eines prinzipiellen ALP-Aufbaus entsprechend Fig. 4H mit diversen Druckübertragungsmedien;

Fig. 45B

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 45A, 150 µsec nach der Zündung, wobei ein Liquid als Druckübertragungsmedium eingesetzt wurde;

Fig. 45C

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 45A, 150 µsec nach der Zündung, wobei ein Polyethylen (PE) als Druckübertragungsmedium verwendet wurde;

Fig. 45D

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 45A, 150 µsec nach der Zündung, wobei Aluminium als Druckübertragungsmedium eingesetzt wurde;

Fig. 46A

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation eines ALP-Aufbaus mit einem exzentrisch positionierten, druckerzeugenden Element (Zylinder);

Fig. 46B

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 46A, 150 µsec nach der Zündung, wobei ein Liquid als Druckübertragungsmedium eingesetzt wurde;

Fig. 46C

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 46A, 150 µsec nach der Zündung, wobei Aluminium als Druckübertragungsmedium eingesetzt wurde;

Fig. 47A

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation eines ALP-Aufbaus mit einem zentralen Penetrator und einem exzentrisch positionierten, druckerzeugenden Element (Zylinder);

Fig. 47B

eine Darstellung einer 3D-Simulation für eine dynamische Zerlegung einer Anordnung gemäß Fig. 47A, 150 µsec nach der Zündung;

Fig. 48A

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines dreiteiligen, modularen, drallstabilisierten Geschosses (oder Flugkörpers);

Fig. 48B

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines vierteiligen, modularen, aerodynamisch stabilisierten Geschosses (oder Flugkörpers);

Fig. 48C

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines ALP-Geschosses mit zylindrischem oder konischem Teil im aktiven Teil zur intensiveren lateralen Beschleunigung;

Fig. 48D

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des zylindrischen/konischen Teils des ALP-Geschosses von Fig. 48C;

Fig. 49A

eine Darstellung eines Experiments, die einen WS-Zylindermantel vor und nach der aktiven Zerlegung zeigt;

Fig. 49B

eine doppelbelichtete Röntgenblitzaufnahme der beschleunigten Splitter;

Further features, details and advantages will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:

Fig. 1A

a spin stabilized version of an ALP;

Fig. 1B

an aerodynamically stabilized version of an ALP;

Fig. 2A

Examples of positions of the auxiliary equipment for controlling or triggering and securing the pressure-generating devices at arrow levels;

Fig. 2B

Examples of positions of the auxiliary devices for controlling and securing the pressure-generating devices at spin floors;

Fig. 3A

a first example of a tail / Leitwerksform (for example, for receiving the auxiliary equipment) in the form of a rigid wing line;

Fig. 3B

a second example of a Heck / Leitwerksform (for example, for receiving the auxiliary equipment) in the form of a conical structure;

Fig. 3C

a third example of a tail / Leitwerksform (for example, to accommodate the auxiliary equipment) in the form of a star-bearing;

Fig. 3D

A fourth example of a tail / Leitwerksform (for example, for receiving the auxiliary equipment) in the form of a tail of mixed construction;

Fig. 4A

a first embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a compact pressure-generating unit in the front center part;

Fig. 4B

A second embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a compact unit in the rear area;

Fig. 4C

A third embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a compact unit in the region near the tip;

Fig. 4D

A fourth embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a compact unit in the top;

Fig. 4E

a fifth embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of an extended slender unit in the front region of the penetrator;

Fig. 4F

a sixth embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a continuous slender unit;

Fig. 4G

a seventh embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of three evenly distributed compact units;

Fig. 4H

an eighth embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a combination of a compact unit in the near-end region with a slender unit;

Fig. 4I

A ninth embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a two-part projectile with a compact unit in the rear part;

Fig. 4J

a tenth embodiment of an arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the form of a two-part projectile with compact units in both parts;

Fig. 4K

an eleventh embodiment of an arrangement of pressure generating elements in the form of a two-part projectile with a compact unit in the projectile nose and a slender unit in the rear part of the bullet;

Fig. 5A

an example of an ALP projectile with a control / fuse / trip unit in the tip area with a control and signal line to the second unit;

Fig. 5B

Another example of an ALP projectile with a control / backup / trip unit in the rear area with a control and signal line to the second unit;

Fig. 6A

various examples of geometries of pressure-generating elements;

Fig. 6B

further examples of geometries of pressure-generating elements;

Fig. 6C

yet further examples of geometries of pressure-generating elements;

Fig. 6D

other examples of geometries of cones and rounding pressure generating elements;

Fig. 6E

an example of the combination of two pressure generating elements of different geometry with a transition region;

Fig. 7

various examples of hollow pressure generating elements;

Fig. 8A

an example of an arrangement of interconnected pressure-generating elements;

Fig. 8B

an example of the arrangement of a central penetrator connected to external pressure generating elements;

Fig. 9A

the basic structure of an ALP projectile with three active zones positioned one behind the other;

Fig. 9B

a schematic representation for explaining the operation of an ALP projectile of Figure 9A, in which all three zones of action are activated before reaching the target.

Fig. 9C

a schematic representation for explaining the operation of an ALP projectile of Figure 9A, in which only the front zone of action (possibly also the rear zone of action) is activated before reaching the target.

Fig. 9D

a schematic representation for explaining the operation of an ALP projectile of Figure 9A, in which all three zones of action are activated only when reaching the target.

Fig. 10

a representation of a numerical 2D simulation of pressure generation by means of a slender igniter-like detonator according to FIG. 4F;

Fig. 11

a representation of a numerical 2D simulation of pressure generation by means of two different pressure generating units of FIG. 4H;

Fig. 12

a further embodiment of an ALP projectile according to the invention with two axial zones A and B of different geometrical configuration;

Fig. 13

an embodiment of an active active body according to the invention with symmetrical construction, central pressure generating element and an inner and an outer pressure transmission medium, in cross section;

Fig. 14

an embodiment of an active active body according to the invention with an eccentrically positioned pressure generating element, in cross section;

Fig. 15A

an embodiment of an active active body according to the invention with an eccentrically positioned pressure generating unit, as well as an inner good pressure distributing medium and an outer pressure transmission medium, in a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 13;

Fig. 15B

in cross-section, a similar embodiment of an active active body according to the invention as in Figure 13, but with pressure-generating elements in the outer pressure transmission medium and with an inner medium as a reflector.

Fig. 16A

in cross-section, an embodiment of an active active body according to the invention with a central penetrator with pressure-generating elements in the penetrator and in the outer pressure-transmitting medium, which are separately controlled, for example;

Fig. 16B

An embodiment of an active active body according to the invention with a central penetrator and with pressure-generating elements in the external pressure-transmitting medium, in cross section;

Fig. 17

a standard construction of an ALP projectile in cross section, which is also used as a reference for other embodiments;

Fig. 18

an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention with a central penetrator with star-shaped cross-section and a plurality of pressure-generating elements, in cross section;

Fig. 19

in cross section an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention with a central penetrator with a rectangular or square cross-section and a plurality of pressure-generating elements;

Fig. 20

in cross section an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention corresponding to Figure 9A with four shell segments.

Fig. 21

an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention with two laterally arranged pressure-transmitting media, in cross section;

Fig. 22

an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention with a segmented pressure generating element, in cross section;

Fig. 23

an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention with two different, laterally arranged shell shells, in cross section;

Fig. 24

in cross-section an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention corresponding to Figure 17 with additional outer jacket.

Fig. 25

in cross section an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention with a non-circular cross-section;

Fig. 26

an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention with a hexagonal central part corresponding to FIG. 17 and a splinter ring of preformed subprojectiles or splinters with non-circular cross-section (eg also with PELE structure);

Fig. 27

an embodiment of an ALP structure according to the invention similar to that in Figure 26, but with a further envelope;

Fig. 28

an embodiment of an ALP bullet with four penetrators (for example in PELE construction) and a central pressure generating unit;

Fig. 29

an embodiment of an ALP projectile with three penetrators (for example in PELE construction) and three arranged in the inert transmission medium pressure generating units;

Fig. 30A

an embodiment of an ALP structure with a massive central penetrator with any cross-section and three arranged in the inert transmission medium pressure generating units;

Fig. 30B

an embodiment of an ALP structure similar to that of Figure 30A, but with a solid, segmented penetrator with triangular cross section.

Fig. 30C

an embodiment of an ALP structure in cross-section similar to that of Figure 30B, but with a triangular hollow body.

Fig. 30D

an embodiment of an ALP structure in cross section with a cross-shaped inner element;

Fig. 31

a further embodiment of an ALP structure with a central penetrator with any cross-section, which itself is again designed as ALP;

Fig. 32

an embodiment of a pressure generating unit having a non-circular cross section;

Fig. 33

an embodiment of an ALP projectile with several (here three) units (segments) over the cross section, which are for example separately controllable;

Fig. 34

various embodiments for Dämämmungen;

Fig. 35

an embodiment of a penetrator with splitter head (at the same time detonation for the ignition initiation) and conical jacket;

Fig. 36

an embodiment of a penetrator with entrainment (for the ignition initiation) and conical pressure-generating element;

Fig. 37

an embodiment of an ALP projectile with modular internal structure, which is designed for example as a container for liquids;

Fig. 38

an embodiment of an ALP structure with shell segments, which can be controlled separately, for example;

Fig. 39

an embodiment of an ALP structure with a shell of sub-floors;

Fig. 40A

a representation of an embodiment of a three-piece ALP projectile showing the basic structure, wherein the active part is provided in the tip region;

Fig. 40B

a representation corresponding to FIG. 40A of a three-piece ALP projectile, wherein the active part is provided in the central region;

Fig. 40C

a representation corresponding to FIG. 40A of a three-piece ALP projectile, wherein the active part is provided in the rear region;

Fig. 40D

another embodiment of a three-piece ALP projectiles, but with an active tandem arrangement;

Fig. 41

an exemplary representation for explaining the separation of an ALP projectile;

Fig. 42A

an embodiment of a tip design of an ALP projectile, with a PELE penetrator;

Fig. 42B

another embodiment of a tip design of an ALP projectile, with an ALP structure;

Fig. 42C

an embodiment of a tip design of an ALP projectile as a massive active tip module;

Fig. 42D

a further embodiment of a tip design of an ALP projectile, with a filled with active agent tip;

Fig. 42E

an embodiment of a tip design of an ALP projectile, as a tip with reset pressure transfer medium (cavity);

Fig. 42F

an embodiment of a tip design of an ALP projectile, as a tip with advanced pressure transmission medium;

Fig. 43A

a representation of a 3D simulation showing an ALP projectile according to the invention with a compact pressure generating unit and a liquid as a pressure transmission medium (corresponding to FIG. 4C) and a WS jacket;

Fig. 43B

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of the arrangement of FIG. 43A, 150 microseconds after ignition;

Fig. 44A

a representation 3D simulation of an ALP projectile with a slim pressure generating unit, a WS jacket and a liquid as a pressure transmission medium (corresponding to FIG. 4E);

Fig. 44B

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of the arrangement of FIG. 44A, 100 microseconds after the ignition;

Fig. 45A

a representation of a 3D simulation of a basic ALP structure according to Figure 4H with various pressure transmission media.

Fig. 45B

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of an arrangement according to FIG. 45A, 150 microseconds after ignition, wherein a liquid was used as a pressure transmission medium;

Fig. 45C

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of an arrangement of FIG. 45A, 150 microseconds after ignition, wherein a polyethylene (PE) was used as a pressure transmission medium;

Fig. 45D

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of an arrangement according to FIG. 45A, 150 microseconds after ignition, wherein aluminum was used as a pressure transmission medium;

Fig. 46A

a representation of a 3D simulation of an ALP structure with an eccentrically positioned, pressure-generating element (cylinder);

Fig. 46B

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of an arrangement according to FIG 46A, 150 microseconds after ignition, wherein a liquid was used as a pressure transmission medium;

Fig. 46C

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of an arrangement of Figure 46A, 150 microseconds after ignition, wherein aluminum was used as a pressure transmission medium.

Fig. 47A

a representation of a 3D simulation of an ALP structure with a central penetrator and an eccentrically positioned, pressure-generating element (cylinder);

Fig. 47B

a representation of a 3D simulation for a dynamic decomposition of an arrangement according to FIG. 47A, 150 microseconds after the ignition;

Fig. 48A

an embodiment of a three-part, modular, spin-stabilized projectile (or missile);

Fig. 48B

an embodiment of a four-part, modular, aerodynamically stabilized projectile (or missile);

Fig. 48C

an embodiment of an ALP projectile with cylindrical or conical part in the active part for more intense lateral acceleration;

Fig. 48D

an enlarged view of the cylindrical / conical portion of the ALP projectile of Fig. 48C;

Fig. 49A

a representation of an experiment showing a WS cylinder jacket before and after the active decomposition;

Fig. 49B

a double-exposed x-ray flash photograph of the accelerated splinters;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In DE 197 00 349 C1 possibilities of the design of the space within the dispersing shell are also shown in connection with different materials. All of these design features can basically be integrated into an active part according to the present invention. In addition to this, the conical design of the pressure-generating interior to be called - see. FIGS. 12, 34 and 42B - and the division of the cross-sectional area into segments with, for example, different pressure-transmitting materials - cf. Fig. 33. In addition, since the pressure build-up is made separately, the range of materials to be used is practical unlimited. The same applies to the dimensions (thicknesses) of the components involved

In DE 197 00 349 C1, a few examples of the design of the splitter or sub-floors generating or donating envelope in connection with a bulking medium - also in connection with a central penetrator - continue to be mentioned. This technically demanding and extremely varied range of lateral-acting projectiles or warheads can be extended by the use of pressure-generating pyrotechnic devices to extreme application situations. And this is especially true for large caliber ammunition and warheads.

As already mentioned, the range of application for active lateral effective penetrators is virtually unlimited. In this case, the pressure-generating component and any possibly associated auxiliary equipment are of particular importance. It is also a particular advantage of the present invention that the effectiveness of an ALP (Active Lateral Effective Penetrator) can be used advantageously even in technically relatively simple arrangements.

With regard to the technical design for triggering the pressure-generating elements, a distinction must be made between a simple contact ignition, which is already used on projectiles in various embodiments and is therefore available, delayed ignition (also known), proximity ignition (eg by radar or IR). Technology) and a remote-controlled ignition on the trajectory, for example via a timer.

It is a further advantage of the present invention that it is not bound to specific systems or to their state of development. On the contrary, due to its universal operational capability and its technical design possibilities, it largely compensates for the properties of certain systems which may still have to be improved depending on the level of development. It also benefits the present invention that, particularly in recent years, significant advances have been made in miniaturization of igniters in conjunction with electronic enhancements and new developments. For example, systems such as Electric Foil Initiation (EFI) and ISL technology are known to perform such functions at very small dimensions (a few millimeters in diameter at 1 to 2 cm in length) and small masses at low power requirements. However, the lowest energy requirements require the simplest ignition systems. It must therefore be weighed between necessary security and effort.

In principle, the tip represents a parameter which is essential for the efficiency of a projectile. In DE 197 00 349 C1, this aspect is dealt with in more detail. However, this applies to the deployment scenario there much more pronounced and also limiting than for the possible field of application of the present invention. In this context, in addition to the reduction of the external ballistic resistance, the projectile tip is assigned positive (supporting) functions rather than negative ones, such as, for example, properties that hinder the intrusion or the triggering of a function. As positive examples, i.a. called tip as construction space, absprengbare tip, tip as an upstream penetrator.

The operating principle according to the present invention is also suitable for targeted bullet separation / spatial limitation of the effective distance, for example, when missing a target or in the interpretation of practice bullets. In this case, compacted or pressed materials (powder compacts, plastics or fiber materials) can be used advantageously as a shell material, since they either undergo a fine distribution upon pressurization or decompose into end ballistically practically ineffective particles. It is also only part of the projectile / penetrator disassembled / accelerated laterally, so that the projectile / penetrator remainder remains basically functional. For example, multiple splitter planes may be dispensed on the flight, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, or a particular portion may be blasted just prior to impingement, as exemplified in FIG. 9C.

The ALP principle is therefore particularly suitable for projectiles / warheads with self-decomposition facilities. Thus, a reliable self-decomposition can be achieved with relatively little effort or with a very small additive volume use or volume loss. Thus, it is even possible in principle to provide a system for limiting the effective depth, even with slender KE projectiles.

Shells of this type are also particularly suitable for combating oncoming threats, such as warheads or TBMs (Tactical Ballistic Missiles) or combat or reconnaissance drones. The latter is becoming increasingly important on the battlefield. They are difficult to combat with direct hits. Even conventional fragmentation bullets are not very efficient due to the encounter situation with drones and splinter distribution. However, the operation of the present invention in combination with a corresponding trip unit promises a very effective use here.

A projectile design according to the proposed invention is also particularly suitable for use in accelerators accelerated by means of rockets (booster) or as an active component of rocket-like missiles. These can be used, for example, in addition to the classic field of application of large-caliber guns in the fight against naval targets and as surface missiles of fighter aircraft.

FIGS. 2-9 and 12-41 show a plurality of exemplary embodiments. These have the task not only to explain the possibilities of the active principle according to the present invention, but also to give the skilled person a variety of technical solutions in the design of active lateral acting penetrators.

Examples of the positions of auxiliary devices of the active part are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The aerodynamically stabilized version shown in FIG. 2A is divided into two separate modules to explain that, in particular with longer penetrators or comparable effect carriers, such as e.g. Rocket accelerated penetrators, also a subdivision of the active components or a mixture with other functional carriers is possible, as also indicated in Figs. 48A and 48B. Preferred positions here are the tip region 11A, the front region of the first active lateral effective projectile module 11B, the rear region of the active lateral effective projectile module 11E, the front 11F, middle 11C and the rear region 11D of the second active lateral effective projectile module or the central region between the modules 11G.

In the spin-stabilized version shown in Fig. 2B, the positions of the auxiliaries will preferably be in the tip area 11A, the front floor area 11B or the rear area 11E. Furthermore, a receiving unit (auxiliary device) may also be arranged in the space 11H between the ALP and the outer shell.

In both bullet versions, the remaining part of the tip may be hollow or filled (say, with one active ingredient). In a sub-caliber design of the active part of the gap to the outer skin can also be used for additional functional support or as a construction space for additional equipment.

Through the use of special tail geometry, larger volumes for the integration of auxiliary equipment can be created. A few examples are shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D. Thus, Fig. 3A shows the particular recorded for comparison purposes wing wire 13A. 3B shows a conical structure 13B, FIG. 3C shows a star-bearing 13D, and FIG. 3D shows a mixture of wing and conical structure 13D. There are also perforated Kegel wire units conceivable as well as tail surfaces formed from ring surfaces or other stabilizing devices.

In FIGS. 4A to 4K, fundamental positions and structures of the pressure-generating element or of the pressure-generating elements of active lateral effective penetrators are compiled. Thus, Figs. 4A and 4B show such pyrotechnic devices in a compact design (see embodiments in Figs. 6A, 6B and 6D) in the front central area or in the rear floor area or rear area, and Fig. 4C and 4D in the near-toe or in the top section. In Fig. 4E, a slender pressure generating element extends approximately over the front half of the penetrator, in Fig. 4F over the entire penetrator length. The arrangement of FIG. 4C corresponds to the simulation example in FIG. 43A / B, the arrangement of FIG. 4E corresponds to the simulation example in FIG. 44A / B.

FIG. 4G illustrates the case where multiple pressure generating elements reside in a penetrator / projectile / warhead, as is the case with the illustrations of FIG. 9.

In Fig. 4H, there are two different pressure generating elements in a one-piece ALP (see numerical simulations in Figs. 46A to 46D).

FIGS. 4I to 4K represent two-part ALP projectiles. For example, Figure 41 shows a two part ALP with an active part in the rear element / module, while in Figure 4J there are compact pressure generating elements in both projectile parts. These can be controlled separately or individually. Fig. 4K shows mixed pressure generating elements (a compact pressure generating unit in the tip and a slender unit in the rear) for achieving certain separations, which are usually determined by the type of target to be countered and the intended effect.

Of course, the number of active modules to be connected in series is basically not restricted and is determined solely by structural factors such as the available overall length, the application scenario primarily given splinter or sub-floor levy and the type of projectile or warhead.

For reasons of ease of manufacture and handling, and in particular because of virtually any design possibilities, explosive modules will predominantly be used as pressure-generating elements. However, in principle, other pressure-generating devices are conceivable. As an example, a chemical pressure generation by an airbag gas generator should be mentioned here. Also, the combination of a pyrotechnic module with a pressure or volume generating element is conceivable.

Examples of the connection / connection of various pressure-generating elements in a single projectile are shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. This connection 44 can be made, for example, by means of a signal line / transfer charge / ignition line / fuse or wirelessly with or without a time delay. Of course, only a few representative options are shown here, the combination options are virtually unlimited.

If examples of the arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the case of active, laterally effective penetrators are shown in FIGS. 4A to 4K, then the combination possibilities are expanded accordingly by the examples of pressure-generating elements shown in FIGS. 6A to 6E. For reasons of clarity, the pressure-generating elements are shown in an enlarged representation in comparison to their execution.

Thus, Figure 6A shows four examples of compact, locally concentrated elements (also detonators), for example a spherical part 6K, a short cylindrical part 6A of the order of length L to diameter D of L / D≈1; Part 6G shows another example of a short truncated cone, and part 6M shows a sharp, slender cone. In Fig. 6B, a short pressure generating element 6B with L / D approximately between 2 and 3 and a thin pressure generating element 6C are shown as examples. This can be, for example, a detonating cord or a detonator-like detonator (L / D greater than 5).

As another example, a disk-shaped element 6F is shown in FIG. 6C. Of course, combinations with the elements shown or with further elements are conceivable, as shown by example 6P.

In Fig. 6D exemplary embodiments are shown for the case that by means of a suitable design of the pyrotechnic elements, especially in the front part of a penetrator or in the tip region, the parts surrounding it should be given a primarily radial velocity component. This preferably takes place via a conical design of the tip of the pressure-generating elements 6H, 60, 6N or via a rounding 6Q.

It may also be of particular advantage, depending on the desired effect or decomposition of a projectile, to cooperate with several pressure-generating elements. Thus, Fig. 6E shows the connection of a short, highly lateral-acting cylinder 6A with a slender, long element 6C through a transition part 6I. By means of such arrangements, depending on the chosen pressure transmission medium, different lateral speeds can also be generated in a cylindrical projectile part.

Fig. 7 shows examples of hollow pressure generating / pyrotechnic components. These may be ring-like elements 6D or hollow cylinders. These can be open (6E) or partially closed (6L).

In principle, it can be assumed that for the full development of the effect / decomposition, only a mass of small amount of pressure-generating agent is needed. Thus, both the numerical simulations and the experiments carried out have confirmed that for example in large-caliber projectiles (penetrator diameter> 20 mm) only a few millimeters thick explosive cylinders in conjunction with a liquid or with PE for a very efficient decomposition sufficient.

Another design possibility of active lateral effective projectiles or warheads over the accelerating components is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.

Thus, in Fig. 8A, a cross-section 142 is sketched as an example of four off-center pressure-generating elements 25A in the pressure-transmitting medium 4 (for example in an embodiment corresponding to Fig. 6C) connected via a conduit 28. *** " Such a possibility can be seen in conjunction with FIGS. 15, 16B, 18, 19, 29, 30A to 30D and also 31 and 33, respectively.

In Fig. 8B is shown as a cross section 143, an example of a central pressure-generating module 26, which via the lines 27 with over the cross section in the pressure transmission medium 4 positioned further pressure-generating elements 25 B is connected.

With the illustrated and explained in Figs. 2 to 7 embodiments for the axial floor structure and the possible variations in the pressure-generating elements can already at this point, i. even without special consideration of further parameters such as e.g. various pressure transmission media, special radial structures or structurally given details of the decisive advantage of active laterally acting penetrators on the example of Figs. 9A to 9D made clear.

When considering active lateral active penetrators, it is useful to define the corresponding distance ranges to the target, since the literature does not provide any generally agreed values. A distinction can be made between the immediate vicinity (target distance less than 1 m), the target area (1 to 3 m), the more proximate area (3 to 10 m), the medium distance area (10 to 30 m), larger target distances (30 up to 100 m), the more distant area (100 to 200 m) and large target distances (greater than 200 m).

Fig. 9A shows the reference scale 17A, not drawn to scale (enlarged). It should be constructed in the cylindrical part of three in a first approximation identically designed active modules 20A, 19A and 18A (see Fig. 4G), which are triggered in different positions to the three selected target examples 14, 15, 16.

FIG. 9B shows the case in which the projectile 17A is activated in a nearer region in front of the target (in this case about 5 projectile lengths) in such a way that the three stages 18A, 19A and 20A successively disassemble one after the other. The residual penetrator 17B after disassembly of the module 18A thus still consists of the two active modules 20A and 19A, the front module 18A has disassembled into a splinter ring 18B. After a further approach to the target 14, which consists here for example of three individual plates, has the remainder projectile 17C, the splitter ring 18B expanded to the ring 18C and the module 19A has already formed the splinter or basement ring 19B. The right partial image represents the time at which the ring 18D has formed from the splitter ring 18C by further lateral propagation, the splitter ring 19C from the splitter ring 19B of the second stage 19A, and the splitter or sub-floor from the stage 20A of the remaining projectile 17C. Ring 20B. Of course, the splitter densities decrease in accordance with the geometric conditions.

Thus, this example illustrates the high lateral performance of such active lateral active penetrators according to the present invention. From the technical details set out so far, it can also be easily deduced that, for example, a much larger area can still be applied via the triggering distance or by a corresponding design of the accelerating elements. In addition, for example, the decomposition can be set up in such a way that a desired residual penetration performance of at least the central fragments still remains ensured. Thus constructed penetrators are therefore particularly suitable for relatively light target structures such as aircraft, unarmoured or armored helicopters, unarmored or armored ships and lighter targets / vehicles in general, especially extended ground targets.

Fig. 9C shows a second representative example of a controlled bullet decomposition. Here, the projectile 17A is activated only in the vicinity of the target, which is to consist of a thin frontal armor 15A and a thicker main armor 15 here. The front active part 18A of the projectile 17A has already formed the splinter or basement ring 18B; which expands further in the course of the ring 18C, which loads the pre-panel 15A over a large area. The residual penetrator 17B impinges on the front armor 15A. For example, it can act as an inert PELE module, knocking the crater 21A into the main body 15, consuming the second part 19A. The remaining projectile module 20A can now pass through the hole 21A formed by the penetrator part 19A and displace the crater 21B on the target inside, either inertly or actively. Larger crater splinters are also formed and accelerated into the interior of the target.

In Fig. 9D, the projectile 17A directly encounters the target 16 which is assumed to be solid in this example. Here, the near-field proximity module 18A is to be actively configured (e.g., tip contact initiation) to form a relatively larger crater 22A than the example of Figure 9C. Through this, for example, the subsequent module 19A can fly through into the target interior. In the illustrated crater image it was assumed that the third module 20A was activated upon impact or via a delay element and thus forms a very large crater diameter 22B and provides corresponding residual effects (effects after breakdown).

It has been experimentally demonstrated, for example, that in inert PELE penetrators compared to slender, homogeneous arrowheads at a plate thickness corresponding to the breakdown power of the ALP according to the invention by a factor of 7 to 8 times larger crater volume can be displaced. This finding has been extensively disclosed, for example, in ISL Report S-RT 906/2000 (ISL: Franco-German Research Institute Saint-Louis).

With an active module, this value can be considerably larger. It should be noted, however, that according to Cranz's model law, the displaced crater volume per unit of energy is, to a first approximation, constant. This means that a high lateral effect is usually associated with a loss of penetration depth. Overall, however, in the majority of cases occurring an overall positive balance alone will result from the fact that the large-scale target load in the vicinity of the committee (due to a discharge from the back) a result over the displacement inside the target energetically much more favorable punching result Has. In particular, in the case of thinner multi-plate targets, a total penetration capacity (overall target plate thickness) can result which can be compared to the penetration power of more compact or even massive penetrators in homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous targets. But even with homogeneous target plates can be expected in laterally effective penetrators with a relatively high penetration rate, since punching in the area of the crater craters favors or is initiated earlier.

Again, it is again apparent that with bullet structures according to the invention, an almost any range is available to achieve desired effects according to the present or expected target scenario in a previously unknown bandwidth.

As already mentioned, the selection of pressure-transmitting media opens up a further parameter field with regard to an optimal design not only for a given target spectrum but also with regard to a projectile concept with generally the greatest possible application bandwidth. Although it is assumed in the examples given here and the corresponding explanations of inert pressure transfer media, but of course, even in certain cases, reactive materials or the lateral effect supporting active media take over such functions.

In addition to the already mentioned inert pressure transfer media and materials with special behavior under pressure, such as glassy or polymeric materials come into consideration.

In this context, reference should also be made to the statements in DE 197 00 349 C1. Not only are these fully transferable to the present case, but due to the peculiarities of the present invention there is also a much wider range of candidate materials, e.g. ductile metals of higher density up to heavy metals, organic substances (for example cellulose, oils, fats or biodegradable products) or to a certain extent compressible materials of different strengths and densities. Some may cause additional effects, such as the volume increase on discharge in the case of glass. Of course, mixtures and mixtures are conceivable, as well as powder compacts or materials with pyrotechnic properties and the introduction or embedding of other substances or bodies in the range of the transmission medium or the pressure transmission media, as far as the functional safety is not unduly limited. Due to the nature, mass and shape of the pressure-generating media, the creative freedom is virtually unlimited.

10 shows ten partial images of a numerical 2D simulation of the pressure propagation in a slender pressure generating element (explosive cylinder) 6C in a penetrator structure according to FIG. 1B (partial image 1) - cf. FIG. Figs. 4F and 44A / B. The detonation front 265 passes through the explosive cylinder (detonation cord) 6C and spreads in the liquid 4 as a pressure build-up wave (pressure propagation front) 266 (partial images 2 to 5). The angle of the pressure propagation front 266 is determined by the speed of sound in the pressure transmission medium 4.

After the cylinder has been thoroughly detonated, the shaft 266 continues to propagate at the speed of sound of the medium 4 (in this case much slower, see partial images 6 and 7). From part 5, the reflected from the inner wall of the shell 2B shafts 272 can be seen. Due to the waves 272 reflected by the envelope 2B, a rapid pressure equalization takes place (partial images 8 to 9); an advanced pressure equalization 271 can be seen in partial image 10. In response, the shell wall begins to stretch elastically, with sufficient wave energy or pressure build-up, it will expand plastically 274. The dynamic material properties determine the manner of shell deformation, such as the formation of different splinter sizes and sub-floor shapes.

The illustrated simulation example with a relatively thin explosive cylinder impressively demonstrates the dynamic structure of a pressure field in the pressure transfer medium for sheath disintegration according to the present invention. With The geometric design, the choice of pressure-generating element and the materials used, there are a variety of parameters to achieve optimal effects.

11 shows ten partial images of a numerical 2D simulation of the pressure propagation in a structure of the pressure-generating element according to FIG. 4H (partial image 1) - cf. FIG. Figs. 6B, 6E and 45A to 45D. This example illustrates the influence of different explosive geometries and their interplay.

Partial image 2 shows the detonation front 269 of the explosive cylinder 6B and the pressure wave 266 propagating in the medium 4. In partial image 3, the detonation front 265 runs into the very slender explosive cylinder 6C here. On the partial images 4 and 5, the transition 270 of the pressure waves of the short cylinder 267 and the pressure waves of the detonating cord 268 can be seen. Likewise, the already running back from the shell inner wall waves 272. In the panels 6 to 10, the reaction takes place on the side of the detonating cord as described in Fig. 10. Due to the smaller diameter of the explosive cylinder or the detonating cord, the wave pattern is more pronounced and the pressure equalization is temporally stretched. The partial images likewise show that the pressure field formed by the short, thicker explosive cylinder 6B remains localized over the entire period shown, and that only one pressure front 267 runs to the right through the interior. This can of course also be used alone for certain decomposition effects in the right part of the shell with appropriate design. Accordingly, on the outside of the shell 2B a more pronounced bulge 275 takes place, which is already clearly visible at this time. Whether the load is sufficient for rupturing the sleeve can be checked, for example, by means of a 3D simulation (compare FIGS. 45A to 45D).

By a pasty, at least during the introduction of quasi-liquid or eg polymeric or otherwise at least temporarily made plastic or flowable pressure transfer medium almost any arbitrary internal shape / internal structure can be realized in a particularly simple manner. Also associated with great design or manufacturing advantages, such as the embedding or pouring of detonators or active parts in a way that would often not possible in a mechanical way at all ("rough" inner cylinder, protrusions on the inside and the like). For the nature of the inner surfaces, for example from a manufacturing point of view, Figs. 18 to 21 can be used with the explanatory text in the patent DE 197 00 349 C1.

Embodiments according to the present invention are possible both in the lateral and in the axial direction. In the following examples are given for both cases, with advantageous combinations are conceivable.

12 shows an example of an active, laterally effective projectile 23 with two zones A and B connected in series one behind the other, each with a pyrotechnic element 118, 119, a (eg different) pressure-transmitting medium 4A, 4B and the shells (also of their own) of splitter / sub-projectiles 2C, 2D in a different embodiment, as well as a third zone C. The zone C represents, for example, a tapered sheath 2E with a pyrotechnic element 6G correspondingly designed in the rear area, for example may be surrounded by the pressure transmission medium 4C - or a taper in the transition region to the top of a projectile.

The exemplary embodiments set out in FIG. 12 are therefore technically interesting because they show a possibility of designing the stern, which counts usually as the dead mass, or the tip as a splitter module. In view of the fact that, in conventional bullet geometries, both the tip length and the conical tail area may well be 2 penetrator diameters / flight diameters, a corresponding part of the projectile will provide efficient power conversion.

Fig. 13 represents an embodiment 144 with a cross-section and symmetrical structure, a central explosive cylinder 6C and an inner 4D and an outer pressure transmission medium 4E and a splitter / sub-level generating or dispensing envelope 2A / 2B. It is quite conceivable that special effects can be achieved in particular by varying the internal component 4D. Thus, for example, the medium 4D may have a delaying effect on the pressure transmission or may also accelerate or even support the pressure effect when selecting suitable materials. Furthermore, the distribution of the area between 4D and 4E can vary the average density of these two components, which can be important in the design of projectiles.

Last but not least from a manufacturing point of view, the question arises of the necessary tolerances or other cost-intensive (eg because technically difficult or expensive) details. It is a further serious advantage of the present invention that both in terms of the materials used here as well as in terms of manufacturing tolerances, at least as far as the effect is concerned, only comparatively low requirements are to be made. Another, in this context, particularly great advantage is the fact that in a series of pressure-transmitting media, the position of the pressure-generating module (at least with sufficient thickness of the surrounding pressure-transmitting medium) can be chosen almost arbitrarily.

Thus, Figure 14 shows an example 145 for an eccentrically positioned pressure producing pyrotechnic element 84 (see 3D numerical simulations in Figures 46A to 46C).

Fig. 15A shows by way of example an ALP cross-section 30 analogous to Fig. 13 but with an eccentrically positioned pressure generating element 32 (eg explosive cylinder 6C) and an inner (4F) and outer pressure transfer medium 4G and splitter / sub-projectile discharging Case 2A / 2B. The inner component 4F should preferably consist of a good pressure-distributing medium, for example a liquid or PE (see explanations to FIG. Otherwise, with regard to the two components, the facts already explained for FIG. 13 apply. With appropriate design of the medium 4G, it may also be interesting to achieve targeted asymmetric effects. This can e.g. be achieved in that the massive side of the internal pressure transmission medium 4F acts as a confusion for the pressure-generating element 32 and thus a directional orientation is achieved (see also the comment to Fig. 30B and Fig. 33).

It is now obvious to pursue two concepts by means of this known advantage, for example a substantial pressure equalization or a locally desired pressure distribution. In particular in the case of several pyrotechnic elements on the circumference, this results in interesting possibilities in terms of effect.

Thus, Fig. 15B shows a structure 31 similar to Fig. 13, but with a pressure generating unit (e.g., corresponding to Fig. 6C) in the inner pressure transmission medium 4H and pressure generating elements 35 (here e.g., three) in the outer pressure transmission medium 4I, which may be separately driven, for example. Of course, structures without the central component are conceivable.

It is of particular advantage that in projectiles or penetrators according to the present invention, large lateral effects are to be combined with relatively high penetration powers. In principle, this can be achieved via an overall high specific cross-sectional load (borderline case is the homogeneous cylinder of corresponding density and length) or via surface area partially caused high cross-sectional loads. Examples are massive / thick-walled cases or introduced, mainly centrally positioned penetrators high slenderness (to increase the impact performance as possible from materials of high hardness, density and / or strength such as hardened steel, hard and heavy metal). It is also conceivable to carry out the central penetrator as a (sufficiently pressure-resistant) container with which special parts, substances or liquids are to be spent in the interior of the destination. In special cases, the central penetrator can also be replaced by a centrally positioned module, which can be assigned special effects inside the target.

In the following embodiments, a number of approaches to the introduction of such end ballistic performers in terms of breakdown capability are listed (see, for example, Figs. 16A, 16B, 18, 19, 30C and 31).

FIG. 16A shows a structure 33 with a central hollow penetrator 137. In the cavity 138 of the penetrator 137, it is possible to incorporate substances that support the action, such as fires or pyrotechnic substances or combustible liquids. Between the shell 2A / 2B and the central hollow penetrator 137 is the pressure transmission medium 4. The pressure build-up can take place, for example, via an annular pressure generating element 6E.

As another example of an incorporated central penetrator, FIG. 16B shows a cross section 29 with four symmetrically positioned pressure generating elements 35 in the pressure transmission medium 4 surrounding a central solid penetrator 34. This penetrator 34 not only achieves high end ballistic depth performances, but is also capable of serving as a reflector for the explosive cylinders 35 positioned on its surface (or near the surface). Further examples emphasize this effect in a particularly vivid manner (cf., for example, FIGS. 18, 19, 30A and 30B).

For the following figures, Fig. 17 should be considered as the standard version of an ALP cross-section 120 of the simplest design according to the invention.

FIG. 18 shows an ALP structure 36 with a central penetrator 37 with a star-shaped cross-section and four symmetrically arranged pressure-generating elements 35. This star-shaped cross-section is (for example also the square / rectangular cross-section in FIG. 19 and the triangular cross-section in FIG. 30A ) for any cross-sectional shapes.

19 shows an ALP structure 38 with a central penetrator 39 with a rectangular or square cross-section and four symmetrically distributed pressure-generating elements 35. These elements (eg explosive cylinders) can be wholly or partly embedded in the central penetrator to achieve a more directional effect ( see partial view).

FIG. 20 shows an ALP structure 40 corresponding to FIG. 17 with two shell segments 41 and 42 respectively arranged opposite one another as an example for possible circumferentially different material occupancies or also for a geometrical configuration of the shell segments that is different over the circumference. For external ballistic reasons, the different segments should be arranged axially symmetric.

21 shows an ALP structure 133 with a pressure-generating element 6E according to FIG. 7. The pyrotechnic part 6E can enclose a central penetrator or also any other medium, for example a reactive component or a combustible liquid (cf. Fig. 16A).

Fig. 22 shows an ALP structure 134 with segmented pressure generators (explosive segments) 43 (see also Fig. 38).

FIG. 23 shows an ALP structure 46 with two shell shells concentrically arranged one above the other 47 and 48. This may be, for example, a combination of a ductile and a brittle material or materials otherwise as different properties. Such an embodiment is also illustrative of jacketed penetrators. Such sleeves may be required in some constructions if, for example, a certain dynamic strength, such as at launch, must be ensured or if axially arranged modules on such a guide or support sleeve with each other at least during firing, as far as such functions not of appropriately designed sabot be taken over and connected on the trajectory.

FIG. 24 shows an ALP structure 49 with a central explosive cylinder 6C in the pressure transfer medium 4 and an inner shell 2A / 2B in conjunction with a relatively thick outer shell 50. Alternatively, as a central pressure generating unit, an explosive hollow cylinder corresponding to FIG. 6E of FIG possible. The inner sheath 2A / 2B can here, for example, from heavy metals such as WS, hard metal, a powder compact or even from Steel, the outer jacket 50 also made of heavy metal, steel or cast steel, light metals such as magnesium, duralumin, titanium or even a ceramic or non-metallic material. Lighter and flexural stiffness increasing materials (eg to avoid projectile vibrations in the pipe or on the flight) are technically particularly interesting in terms of their use in the outer shell. They can form an optimum transition to drift mirrors and increase the design latitude for limited overall projectile masses (basis weight compensation). That prefabricated further active parts can be introduced, it follows from the explanations in connection with the present invention.

FIG. 25 shows a cross section 51 through the example of an ALP structure with an outer contour that is not circular on the flight. It is to be understood that the operation underlying this invention is not bound to particular cross-sectional shapes. Special forms can rather contribute to broadening the scope of design. Thus, it is conceivable that, for example, with the cross-section shown in FIG. 25, four large sub-projectiles are preferably produced. This is of particular advantage if, after the decomposition of the penetrator, a high penetration power of individual penetrators is still to be achieved.

Fig. 26 shows an ALP structure 52 having a hexagonal central portion with a pressure generating element 6C, a pressure transfer medium 54 and a splitter ring of preformed sub-projectiles (or splinters) with non-circular cross-section 53, in which again massive penetrators 59 or PELE penetrators 60 or satellite ALPs 45 may be arranged. Also, connections / lines / detonating cords 61 between the central pressure generating element 6C and the peripheral satellite ALPs 45 are conceivable.

FIG. 27 shows an ALP structure 55 corresponding to FIG. 26 with an additional sheath or sleeve 56. For this element 56, the statements relating to FIGS. 23 and 24 also apply. The subsegments between the hexagonal subprojectiles 53 and the sheath 56 may preferably be one Fill mass 57 to achieve various side effects included.

FIG. 28 shows the example of an ALP projectile 58 with four (here circular) penetrators (eg solid 59 or in PELE construction 60) and a central acceleration unit 6C in combination with a pressure transfer medium 4. Between the inner components 59 or 60 and the outer shell 62 may be a filling medium 63, which in turn may be designed as an active medium or may also contain such parts or elements.

Figure 29 illustrates a variant / combination of previously set forth embodiments (see, e.g., Figures 16B, 18, 19, and 28). The cross-section of the penetrator 64 here consists of three solid homogeneous sub-floors 59, three pressure-generating devices e.g. Corresponding to FIG. 6C, a pressure transmission medium 4 and the sheath / sub-hull-producing or shedding shell 300. Basically, this example stands for multi-part central penetrators.

In FIG. 30A, a penetrator variant 66 with a central penetrator 67 with a triangular cross-section is also shown to demonstrate the almost arbitrary freedom of design in connection with the present invention. The pressure-generating devices expediently consist of three explosive cylinders 68. These can be initiated together or separately.

In the cross-section 69 shown in FIG. 30B, the triangular center penetrator 70 filling the entire inner cylinder divides the inner surface into three portions each provided with a pressure-generating member 68 and a pressure-transmitting medium 4. As in the example of Fig. 30A, they may also be driven / initiated together or separately. It is also conceivable that via a separate ignition of the elements 68, a targeted lateral effect can be achieved.

In the cross section 285 shown in FIG. 30C, a triangular hollow member 286 is disposed in the cylinder interior or pressure transfer medium 4, the interior 287 of which may be additionally filled with a pressure transfer medium or other performance enhancing materials such as reactive components or combustible liquids. For the triangular shell 65 of the element 286 then apply the relationships already mentioned above. As in Fig. 30B, three pressure generating elements 68 are provided. Upon ignition of only one element 68, a clear asymmetric pressure distribution will occur and a correspondingly asymmetrical sub-floor or splitter occupancy of the surrounding space (the attacked area).

In addition to FIGS. 30B and 30C, FIG. 30D shows an ALP cross-section 288 in which four chambers are formed in the cylinder interior of the surrounding shell 290 by means of a cross-shaped part 289, in each of which a pressure-generating element 68 is located in the pressure-transmitting medium 4 , Again, when igniting only one element 68, an asymmetric sub-floor or splitter distribution will occur.

In the ALP cross section 71 shown in Fig. 31, referring to Fig. 30B, the central penetrator (or central module) 72 having a triangular cross section is itself implemented as ALP. Between this central penetrator 72 and the sheath 301, e.g. Air, a liquid or solid substance, a powder or a mixture or mixture 73 are (see comment to Fig. 28), in addition further pressure-generating body 68 as shown in FIG. 30B. The central pressure-generating element 6C and the peripheral pressure-generating elements 68 may also be connected here in order to achieve a coordinated effect. Of course, they can also be activated separately. This makes it possible, for example, to activate the lateral components on target approach and the central ALP at a later time.

The numerical simulation has confirmed that with a suitable choice of the pressure-transmitting medium (eg liquid, plastic such as PE, glass fiber reinforced materials, polymeric materials, Plexiglas and similar substances) even with eccentric positioning of the pressure generating components takes place very quickly a pressure equalization, the first Approximated uniform disassembly of the shell or a correspondingly uniform distribution of sub-floors guaranteed (see, for example, Fig. 46B). Nevertheless, it may well be useful to effect certain effects or desired decompositions, especially in the case of materials that are not rapidly pressure-compensating via a corresponding design of the pressure-generating components. For example, FIG. 32 shows a penetrator cross section 75 with a pressure generating unit 76 of non-circular cross section.

By means of such shapes additional, sometimes particularly effective effects can be achieved. For example, it is conceivable that the cross-sectional shape of 76 results in four cut-load-like effects on the circumference. This is particularly advantageous if targeted localized large lateral effects are to be achieved. For example, with metallic pressure transfer media having less dynamic pressure field compensation capability, with such cross-sectional shapes 76, certain intended disassembly of the shell 302 may be achieved.

Depending on the complexity of the construction, the embodiments shown so far are preferably based on medium- or large-caliber penetrators. In warheads, rockets or large caliber ammunition (eg for firing by howitzers or large-caliber naval guns) technically more complex solutions in particular with separated (eg via a radio signal) to be triggered or fixed programmed activations in certain preferred directions are possible.

Thus, FIG. 33 shows an example of an ALP projectile (warhead) 77 having a plurality of (in this case three) units distributed over the cross-section 79 (cross-sectional segments A, B and C, eg with a dividing wall 81), which also function separately as ALPs (Pressure-generating elements 82 in conjunction with corresponding pressure-transmitting media 80) and separately controlled or with each other by means of a line 140 or via a signal are controlled (are connected). The three segments are either completely separated or have a common shell 78. This shell 78 may be provided, for example, to assist in a desired dissection with notches or slots 83, flutes, or other mechanical or laser-generated or material-specific changes to the surface.

It is understood that such interventions in the surface of the splitter-generating or sub-floors forming or donating shell 78 are basically possible in all embodiments shown according to the present invention.

However, as a modification to the embodiment of Figure 13, the ALP cross-section may also include an eccentrically positioned pressure generating element such as an explosive cylinder 6C and inner and outer pressure transmitting media and a splitter / sub-bullet producing or dispensing sleeve. The inner component should preferably consist of a good pressure-distributing medium, for example a liquid or PE (see Explanatory Notes to FIG. Otherwise, with regard to the two components, the facts already explained for FIG. 13 apply. With appropriate design of the internal medium, it may also be interesting to achieve targeted asymmetric effects. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the more massive side of the inner pressure-transmitting medium acts as a containment for the pressure-generating element 32 and thus a directional orientation is achieved (see also the comment to FIGS. 30B and 33).

Since in the previous versions, explanations and descriptions of the present invention, the almost arbitrarily wide range of possible variations has been demonstrated using a variety of examples, will be discussed below more on implementation-oriented aspects. In addition to the corresponding numerical simulations, projectile concepts are presented which not only illustrate the performance of the presented principle as an inert projectile, eg as a PELE penetrator, but also in particular the possibilities of Modular construction methods by merging different performance carriers in terms of technology ideally complementary way explain.

Damming in pyrotechnic devices is in principle of great importance because it significantly influences the propagation of shock waves and thus also the achievable effects. Damming can be done statically by constructive measures or dynamically, i. due to inertia effects of suitable pressure transmission media. In principle, this is also possible with liquid media, but only at very high impact or deformation rates. The dynamic damming is essentially determined by the propagation velocity of the sound waves, which determine the loading speed of the pressure transmission medium. Since with the use of active lateral effective penetrators (projectiles or in particular to missiles) is also expected with relatively low impact speeds, the damming must preferably be done by technical means (for example, closing the rear, partitions). A mixed damming, i. Mechanical devices coupled with dynamic containment by rigid pressure transfer media expand the range of applications. A purely dynamic damming should be reserved for very high impact speeds, e.g. in the TBM defense.

Fig. 34 shows examples of confinements in the introduction of pressure-generating elements into a penetrator. For example, the tip may be designed as a damming element 93. Furthermore, it is advantageous to use insulating disks 90 or front 89 and rear end disks 92 at the locations of a desired damming. Such elements can also form the conclusion of hollow cylinders. As another of many conceivable other forms of partial or complete structural containment of the pressure generating elements, such as the mold 6B (see Figures 6A to 6E and 7), there is still a damming element in the form of a cylinder 91 open on one side shown.

A particularly interesting in projectiles or penetrators according to the present invention type of damming of the introduced pressure-generating elements is the combination with a splitter module. For example, Fig. 35 shows an ALP projectile 84 with a splitter module 85 positioned behind the tip. This serves as a containment for the pressure generating element 6B and for ignition initiation in the pressure generating element (explosive cord) 6C. As a further technical variant of such penetrators, a splitter or sub-projectile-generating or dispensing envelope 86 with a conical interior 222 is sketched in FIG. 35.

It is also conceivable that an outer conical splitter shell (conical jacket) can be used without limiting the described principles of action.

Fig. 36 shows another example of a penetrator 87 with a damming module 91 (e.g., for better ignition initiation) with the module 91 surrounding the pressure generating element 6B, which itself merges into a long pressure generating element 88 of conical configuration. With such conical elements 88, different acceleration forces can be applied over the projectile or penetrator length in a very simple way. It is also conceivable to combine a conical jacket, for example corresponding to 86, with a conical pressure generating element 88.

In the descriptions and explanations on the occasion of the present invention has been received on liquid or quasi-liquid pressure transfer media or materials such as PE, Plexiglas or rubber as a particularly interesting pressure transmission means. With regard to a desired pressure distribution or shockwave propagation, it is by no means only necessary to rely on the aforementioned types of substance, since comparable effects can be achieved with a large number of other materials (cf the materials already mentioned). However, since liquids in particular offer a large margin for additional effects in the target, they represent an important element in the range of possible functional units. This also applies in particular to the mode of action of an ALP in an inert application, to the patent DE 197 00 349 C1 already was received.

As far as the introduction of liquid or quasi-liquid agents into an ALP is concerned, there are several design options available. These can be introduced, for example, into existing and correspondingly sealed cavities. Such cavities may for example also be filled with a lattice or foam-like fabric, which is impregnated with the introduced liquid or filled by her. A particularly interesting constructive solution, however, is to introduce liquid media by means of appropriately prefabricated and usually filled before assembly container. However, it may also be interesting from an application point of view to fill such containers only in an application.

FIG. 37 shows an ALP example 94 with a modular internal structure (for example as a container for liquids). In this example, the inner module 95 is introduced with the outer diameter 97 and the inner cylinder or the inner wall 96 in the projectile casing 2B (inserted, inserted, screwed, vulcanized, glued). By a Such construction not only individual modules can be replaced or used later, but also the pressure-generating element 6C can be introduced only when needed. This design is particularly advantageous to apply active arrangements according to the present invention, since the pressure-generating element 6C (drawn here in a continuous form) must extend only over a relatively small radial portion of the penetrator, because the decomposition is on the pressure-transmitting medium 98, for example a liquid, guaranteed. Thus, the ALP need only be provided at the time of its expected use with the pyrotechnic module 6C and possibly the pressure-transmitting liquid medium 98 are filled only in the case of use in the inner module 95 - a particular advantage of this invention.

Basically, this example also stands for the possibility to design projectiles according to the present invention modular. It is quite possible, for example, to replace active lateral-acting modules by inert PELE modules or vice versa. The individual inert or active modules can be firmly connected (positive or non-positive) or detachably arranged by suitable connection systems. This would then allow in a special way an interchangeability of the individual modules and thereby a corresponding combination of combinations. Thus, such projectiles or missiles would also be easy to adapt to changed usage scenarios at later times or to be re-optimized for combat value enhancement measures.

The same applies to the replacement of homogeneous components or tips. It is only expedient to note that exchanging individual components does not change the overall behavior of the projectile with regard to its internal and external ballistics.

Fig. 38 shows an ALP example 99 with preformed shell splits / shell segments in the longitudinal direction of the shell 102 and a central pressure generating unit 100. Separation 74 between the individual segments 101 may be effected by means of the pressure transfer medium 4 or as a chamber with a particular material (eg for shock absorption and / or for the connection of the elements) to be filled (example: prefabricated jacket as its own, replaceable module) - cf. Drawing. The gaps 74 may also be hollow. This results, for example, in a highly variable dynamic load on the envelope 102 over the circumference. The change in the width of the divider 74 and the thickness of the envelope 102 or by a corresponding choice of material makes it possible to vary this effect. An interesting application variant is the result of the use of many industrial manufactured ball or roller bearing cages. Of course, such modules can be arranged in multiple stages in order to achieve a larger number of sub-floors.

The consistent further development of the way outlined in FIG. 38 for generating a specific splitter / sub-floor occupancy of the battlefield leads to solutions such as those illustrated in FIG. 39. It is an ALP projectile 170 with a shell of prefabricated splinters or sub-projectiles 171, which are surrounded by an outer jacket (ring / sleeve) 172. On the inside, the bodies 171 are held by either an inner shell / sleeve 173 or a sufficiently strong pressure transfer medium 4.

The component 171 now gives, especially in large-caliber ammunition or in warheads or rocket-propelled projectiles, an exceptionally large scope in terms of the inserted active body. For example, in the simplest case, these can be designed as slim cylinders of very different materials. Furthermore, they can themselves be designed as ALP 176 (part drawing A), for example with a connection to the central pressure-generating element 6A / 6B / 6C and / or with interconnections or in a combination of assemblies for producing a directional splitter / Sub-floor levy be designed. Also, the sub-floors 171 may be formed as PELE penetrators 179 (part drawing B). Likewise, these elements 171 can represent, for example, tubes 174 filled with cylinders of different lengths or materials, with balls or other prefabricated bodies or liquids (part drawing C).

The modular design of a bullet or penetrator according to the present invention makes it possible to optimally position the active zones and the required auxiliary devices or to subdivide them favorably. FIGS. 40A to 40D provide explanations on the example of a three-part projectile with a front, a middle and a rear zone.

Thus, in Fig. 40A, the active lateral active component 6B is located in the top of the projectile (tip ALP) 103, the auxiliaries 155 in the rear zone. The connection 152 can take place by means of signal lines, radio or by means of pyrotechnic devices (eg explosive cord).

In the example of FIG. 40B, the active part 6C is provided with integrated peaking auxiliaries 155 in the middle zone of the projectile (mid-segment ALP) 104.

In the example in FIG. 40C, the active part 6B is located at the rear of the projectile (rear ALP) 105, the auxiliaries 155 are distributed at the top and rear, and connected to the active part 6B through signal lines 152.

FIG. 40D shows as an example an ALP projectile 106 with a tandem ALP arrangement. The responsible for both active parts auxiliary device 155 is housed here in the central area. Of course, the two active modules 6B of the tandem arrangement can also be controlled or triggered separately. A logical link is also conceivable, for example via delay elements 139. The auxiliary devices 155 can also be arranged in a remote / off-axis manner.

Another technically interesting variant of a modular projectile or penetrator is either a technically predetermined or a dynamically effected projectile separation / separation of the modules. The dynamic separation / separating can take place on the flight, before the impact, at the time of impact or during the target passage. The rear modules can also be activated only inside the destination.

FIG. 41 shows an example of a projectile separation or a dynamic separation into individual functional modules. In this case, the tail can be blasted off by means of a rear separating charge 251. The charge 251 also serves to build up pressure in an active module 253 designed inertly as a PELE penetrator. At the same time, by means of the separation charge 251, a tail blasting can take place with further laterally generated lateral effects. This results in an optimum use of the bullet mass in this part, since the rear is usually considered as dead mass.

The second element for a dynamic separation is the front separation charge 254. This may be sufficient in addition to the separation for generating pressure. The tip can be blasted and disassembled at the same time. In this projectile, both active parts are separated by means of an inert buffer zone or a solid element or a projectile core or / or a splitter part 252. Alternatively, the buffer member 252 may be provided with a snap-off washer 255 to the front active part (or rear part) or itself through an annular pressure generating element 6D achieve lateral effect. Furthermore, an auxiliary tip 250 may also be provided on the rear projectile part, which protrudes into the buffer element 252.

Examples of the configuration of a projectile tip (auxiliary tip) are shown in Figs. 42A to 42F.

Thus, Fig. 42A shows a tip 256 with an integrated PELE module consisting of the end ballistic sleeve material 257 in conjunction with a bulge medium 258. In this embodiment, the tip is still provided with a small cavity 259 which is favorable to the function of the PELE Module, especially at oblique impact.

42B shows an active tip module 260, comprising the splitter jacket 261 in conjunction with the pyrotechnic element 263 according to FIG. 6E and a pressure transmission medium 262. It may well be useful here to fuse the tip envelope 264 with the splitter jacket 261. An even simpler construction results in a waiver of the Duckübertragungsmedium 262. When activated, the splinters in the direction of the arrows drawn form a wreath, which not only achieves a corresponding lateral effect, but also for more inclined targets can expect a better impact behavior.

FIG. 42C shows a tip embodiment 295 in which a pressure generating element according to FIG. 6B projects partially into the solid tip and into the projectile body and is held / blocked by the sleeve 296. In this way, the tip 295 forms its own module, which is used for example only when needed.

A similar arrangement is depicted in FIG. 42D, where the tip 297 is either hollow or filled with a beneficial agent 298 providing additional effects. The element 291 corresponds to the element 296 in FIG. 42C.

42E shows a tip assembly 148 in which a cavity 150 is disposed between the hollow tip 149 and the projectile body interior and the pressure transfer medium 4, respectively. In this cavity 150 can flow in the impact target material and thereby achieve a better lateral effect.

In Fig. 42F, to complete, a tip assembly 153 is shown in which the pressure transmitting medium 156 protrudes into the cavity 259 of the tip sheath 149.

Also, this arrangement can achieve a similar effect as the arrangement of Fig. 42B and cause a rapid initiation of the lateral acceleration process.

In the case of the complex relationships occurring in connection with bullets or penetrators according to the present invention, the three-dimensional numerical simulation by means of suitable codes such as OTI-Hull with 10 ⁶ lattice points is an ideal aid not only for representing the corresponding deformations, but also for Proof of the additive function of multi-part projectiles. The simulations shown in this application were carried out by the Franco-German Research Institute Saint-Louis (ISL). This tool of numerical simulation has already proved itself in investigations in connection with laterally acting penetrators (PELE penetrators) (see DE 197 00 349 C1) and has since been confirmed by a large number of further experiments.

In the simulation, the dimension is basically irrelevant. This only goes into the number of necessary grid points and requires a corresponding computer capacity. The examples were simulated with a shell or penetrator outside diameter of 30 to 80 mm. The degree of slimming (length / diameter ratio L / D) is usually 6. This size too is of secondary importance, since in the calculations not quantitative, but mainly qualitative statements should be obtained. The wall thicknesses chosen were 5 mm (thin wall thickness) and 10 mm (thick wall thickness). This wall thickness is primarily decisive for the projectile mass and is determined in cannon-fired ammunition primarily by the performance of the weapon, ie the achievable muzzle velocity at a given bullet mass. For missiles or rocket-accelerated penetrators, the design latitude is also significantly greater in this regard.

Since most of the examples are basic operating principles that can be used to advantage, in particular with large-caliber ammunition or suitably dimensioned warheads or rockets, an appropriate dimensioning was also available. Of course, all the examples shown and all positions are not bound to a specific scale. It is only the question of a meaningful miniaturization of complex structures, also in connection with a possible cost issue in the realization to be considered.

As a material for the fragment / sub-shell-generating casing, tungsten heavy metal (WS) of medium strength (600 N / mm ² to 1000 N / mm ² tensile strength) and corresponding elongation (3 to 10%). Since the deformation criteria underlying this invention are always met to ensure a desired decomposition and you do not rely on a particular brittle behavior, not only can be used on a very large range of materials, but the margin within a family of materials is also very large and is in principle only determined by the loads at launch or other requirements on the part of the projectile construction.

In principle, the same considerations and selection or design criteria apply to active arrangements in the sense of the present invention for the non-activated application as in the case of PELE penetrators (cf DE 197 00 349 C1). In addition, as a serious extension to the PELE principle in an active lateral-acting penetrator practically no restrictive criteria in the determination of material combinations must be considered. For example, the pressure generation and pressure distribution in an ALP is always guaranteed and set in shape, height and extent. The function of the ALP is thus independent of its speed. This determines only the breakdown power of the individual components in the direction of flight and in the laterally accelerated parts in conjunction with the lateral speed of the effective angle of impact.

According to the above statements, it is quite possible to expand an inner cylinder of high density (up to, for example, homogeneous heavy or hard metal or pressed heavy metal powder) by means of a pressure-generating medium and thus as pressure-transmitting medium an outer sheath of lower density (eg prefabricated structures, hardened steel or Light metal) and to accelerate radially.

Furthermore, because of the presettable pressure generation and the required pressure level or expansion capacity, virtually any desired casing construction, including prefabricated sub-projectiles, can be reliably radially accelerated. It is not subject to the limitations of a spontaneous decomposition with the limited possibilities for a desired splitter / sub-floor speed, but it can very small lateral velocities in the order of some 10 m / s up to high splitter speeds (over 1,000 m / s) without special technical effort can be realized. Calculations and experiments have shown that the required pyrotechnic mass is basically very small, so that the use is determined primarily by additive elements and desired effects. Thus, it can be assumed that in Penetrator masses in Range of 10 to 20 kg minimum explosive masses of the order of 10 g are sufficient. For smaller penetrator masses, this minimum explosive mass is correspondingly lowered to values of 1 to 10 g.

First of all, three-dimensional numerical simulations of relatively simple structures are shown in FIGS. 43A to 45D in order to physically / mathematically prove the above-explained technical explanations and listed examples in fundamental points. In order to make the deformation of individual parts, in particular the shell more visible, in the representations of the deformed parts, the gas produced by the detonation and the pressure-transmitting means are often only made visible if they do not cover the deformation process to be observed.

Thus, Fig. 43A shows a simple ALP Wirkaufbau 107, designed as at the front by means of a WS cover 110A completed hollow cylinder (60 mm outer diameter, wall thickness 5 mm, WS high ductility) with the shell 2B (see Fig. 1B) and a compact acceleration / pressure generating unit 6B with an explosive mass of only 5 g. As the pressure transmission medium, a liquid medium 124 (here water) was assumed (structure according to FIG. 4A).

Fig. 43B shows the dynamic decomposition 150 microseconds (μs) after the ignition of the explosive charge 6B. In the present configuration, six large shell splinters 111 and a series of smaller fragments form. Also clearly visible is the deformed, accelerated in the axial direction lid 110B. At the rear of the cylinder accelerated liquid pressure transfer medium 124 exits (exit length 113). In the front region, the pressure transfer medium 158 is located on the inside of the sheath splitter, a part 159 has leaked. Furthermore, cracks 112 beginning at this point in time and already formed longitudinal cracks 114 indicate that even with this very small explosive mass, the ductile shell selected is completely disassembled. At the same time, this deformation pattern documents the proper functioning of such a construction according to the invention.

Fig. 44A shows a similar penetrator as Fig. 43A. The dimensions of the ALP 108 remained unchanged, only the pressure generating element was modified. It is now a thin explosive cylinder 6C (a detonating cord) corresponding to Fig. 4F.

Fig. 44B shows the dynamic deformation of the ALP 108 already 100 μs after the ignition of the charge 6C. The corresponding pressure propagation and pressure distribution has already been explained in FIG.

Furthermore, the influence of various materials as pressure transfer medium was checked. The selected structure 109 of FIG. 45A corresponds to that of the 2D simulation in FIG. 11, consisting of a WS shell 2B (with 60 mm outer diameter) with a one-sided front damming 110A in the area of the thicker explosive cylinder 6B. The pressure transmitting medium surrounds the pressure generating elements 6B / 6C.

Fig. 45B shows the dynamic envelope expansion in a liquid (water) 124 as a pressure transmission medium 150 μs after ignition of the pressure generating charge 6B. The accelerated shell segment 115, the rupturing shell segment 116 and the reaction gases 146 are clearly visible. Toward the rear, the liquid medium 124 is slight, i. has been accelerated with the exit length 113. The incipient cracking 123 has already progressed to half of the entire shell length

In Fig. 45C, Plexiglas was used as the pressure transfer medium 121. The dynamic expansion 125 of the sheath 2B and incipient cracking 126 is slightly less than 150 μs after ignition than in the example according to FIG. 45B. The exit of the medium 121 to the rear is very low.

In the numerical simulation of FIG. 45D, aluminum was used as the pressure transmitting medium 122. The deformation of the shell 2B 150 μs after ignition is very pronounced in the region of the pressure-generating element 6B. The sheath splinters 127 are already greatly expanded locally. In contrast, cracking in the longitudinal direction of the shell 2B has not yet taken place (FIGS. 45B and 45C), and the exit of the medium 122 towards the rear is negligibly small.

Fig. 46A shows an ALP 128 with eccentrically positioned pressure generating element 35 in the form of a slender explosive cylinder. In this arrangement, a comparison of liquid (water) 124 and aluminum 122 was carried out as a pressure-transmitting medium.

Thus, FIG. 46B shows the dynamic decomposition of this arrangement according to FIG. 46A with the liquid 124 as transmission medium 150 μs after ignition. There is no significant difference in the distribution of the sheath splinters 129 and no seriously different splitter velocities on the circumference.

FIG. 46C shows the dynamic decomposition of the arrangement according to FIG. 46A with aluminum 122 as transmission medium 150 μs after ignition. Here, the original geometry also stands out in the decomposition image. Thus, the sheath splitter 130 on the adjoining side of the pressure generating element 35 has been greatly accelerated and the sheath is highly fragmented on this side, while the lower side facing away from the charge 35 still forms a shell 131. At this point in time, only incipient tears (cracks) 132 can be seen on the inside.

Fig. 47A shows an ALP 135 with a central penetrator 34 of WS of the quality already quoted for the WS envelope and with an eccentrically positioned pressure generating element 35. As the simulated deformation image shows 150 μs after ignition in Fig. 47B, this is notwithstanding the selected liquid 124 as pressure transfer medium a significant difference in the splitter or sub-floor distribution over the circumference. Thus, the sheath splits 136 are more accelerated on the side of the pressure-generating element 35. Forwards, the accelerated liquid medium 159 can be seen in part.

The comparison with FIG. 46B suggests that the difference of the deformation image is attributable to the central penetrator 34. He acts, as already stated, obviously as a reflector for the emanating from the explosive charge 35 pressure waves. Thus, by means of the simulation, it has been proved that with such arrangements it is possible to achieve specific direction-dependent lateral effects via geometric interpretations. It is also noteworthy that the central penetrator is not destroyed, but only offset downwards, so deviating from its original trajectory.

It can also be deduced from FIG. 47B that it is fundamentally possible, in a technically sophisticated variant, to impart a corrective directional impulse to the central penetrator near the target by deliberately controlling one or more charges distributed eccentrically on the circumference.

The simulation examples shown so far inter alia link the individual components already shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 4B, 4C, 4H, 6E, 12 and 40A to 40C to a swirl or aerodynamically stabilized ammunition concept, which in particular is always associated with the present invention again referred to basic ammunition modules simultaneously: tip, active lateral effective module, PELE component (if not combined with the active part) and massive or homogeneous component. Such constructions are shown by way of example in the following FIGS. 48A to 48C.

48A is a three-part, modular, spin-stabilized penetrator 277, consisting of a tip module 278, a passive (PELE) or bulk module 279, and an active module 280. For example, the auxiliaries may be in the part surrounding the active modules 282, in the top module 278 or in the rear area (or, as already described, be distributed). The active module 280 is advantageous to be completed at the rear with a Dämmscheibe 147.

In Fig. 48B, a four-part modular aerodynamically stabilized projectile 283 is exemplified. It consists of a tip module 278, an active module 280 with a Dämmscheibe 147 against the example hollow or insufficiently damming tip, a PELE module 281 and a subsequent homogeneous rear part 284. Thus, the main bullet, Penetrator- or warhead parts listed, which can occur in more complex structure active bodies. It goes without saying that one will strive to design a simple version depending on the application. It is certainly of great advantage that several modules can take on double or multiple functions.

FIG. 48C shows a projectile 276 in which a cylindrical 247 or piston-like part 249 is located in the active part downstream of the disk-shaped pressure-generating charge 6F. The cylinder 247 can also be provided with one or more holes 248 for pressure equalization or for pressure transmission (see detail drawing Fig. 48D).

The piston-like part 249 may have, for example, a conical or conical shape 185 on the side of the pressure-transmitting medium 4 (see detail drawing FIG. 48D) in order to accelerate the medium 4 more intensely laterally in the region of this cone during the introduction of pressure. Such pistons for compressing or pressurizing a medium are described, for example, in the patent EP 0 146 745 A1 (local FIG. 1). In contrast to the mechanical acceleration provided there via the impinging ballistic hood and optionally (with oblique impingement) intervening aids and the resulting question of a proper axial movement initiation of a pressurization by means of a pyrotechnic module, the piston 249 always accelerated axially. In addition, it may still be surrounded by the medium 4 (ie not the entire inner cylinder fill out). As a result, the resulting pressure on the resulting annular gap 184 between outer shell 2B and piston 249 can propagate into the medium 4.

In order to verify the invention, in the meantime, experiments in the ISL were also carried out on a scale of 1: 2 in addition to the numerical simulations for the fundamental proof of the functional capability of an arrangement according to the present invention.

As an example, FIG. 49A shows the original penetrator shell 180 (WS, diameter 25 mm, wall thickness 5 mm, length 125 mm) and part of the fragments 181 found.

FIG. 49B shows a double exposed x-ray flash photograph, approximately 500 μs after initiation of the firing pulse, with the uniformly accelerated splitter 182. FIG.

Water was used as the pressure transfer medium. For pressure generation, a detonator-type (diameter 5 mm) was simply used in the liquid detonator with 4 g of explosive mass. The mass of the WS shell was 692 g (WS with a density of 17.6 g / cm ³ ), the mass of the liquid pressure transfer medium (water with a density ρ = 1 g / cm ³ ) was 19.6 g. The ratio of explosive mass (4 g) to the mass of the inert pressure transfer medium (19.6 g) was thus 0.204; and the ratio of explosive mass (4 g) to inert bullet mass (shell + water = 711.6 g) was thus 0.0056, corresponding to 0.56 percent of the total inert mass. The values for these ratios will be smaller for larger projectile configurations or larger for smaller projectiles.

The experiment demonstrated that an inert penetrator with a very low pyrotechnic mass of the pressuriser relative to the overall mass is from about 0.5 to 0.6 percent of the total inert mass of the penetrator, with appropriate casing bullet and appropriate inert pressure transmission media filled interior can disassemble laterally over the triggered by an ignition signal pressure pulse of a detonator.

The experiment carried out is only one example of a possible embodiment of an ALP projectile. From the basic principle of the invention, however, there are no restrictions on the design with respect to the end ballistic shell and its thickness or length. This is how the laterally effective dismantling principle works for both thick-walled shells (eg 10mm WS wall thickness with a penetrator diameter of 30 mm) as well as for very thin sheaths (eg 1 mm titanium wall thickness with a penetrator diameter of 30 mm).

In terms of length, the ALP principle also works for all conceivable and ballistically meaningful values. For example, the length / diameter ratio (L / D) may range between 0.5 (disk) and 50 (very slender penetrator).

For the ratio of chemical mass of the pressure generating unit to the inert mass of the pressure transmission medium, there is in principle only the limitation that the generated pressure energy can be picked up by the pressure transmission medium and passed on to the surrounding envelope in sufficient and suitable time sequence. As a reasonable upper limit for small projectile configurations, a value of 0.5 is still practicable.

For the ratio of (chemical) mass of the pressure generating unit to the inert total mass of the penetrator / projectile / missile very small values in the range of 0.0005 to 0.001 were determined on the basis of the performed 3D simulations, in the experiment a value of 0.0056. From this it can be predicted that a value of 0.01 is not exceeded, even with very small projectile configurations, in which the active, lateral effective functional principle can still be meaningfully used.

The invention results in a diverse design of an active, laterally effective penetrator ALP (projectile or missile) with integrated cutting device, which ultimately means that for all conceivable application scenarios only a Geschossprinzip the design of the invention is required (universal floor).

Particular advantages of the invention are naturally also when used as Endphasengelenkte ammunition (intelligent ammunition) in connection with an increase in the range of artillery, which should also be associated with an increase in the probability of hitting.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to initiate the active projectile decomposition in accordance with the presented principle of this invention for generating a splinter / sub-floor field at certain or predetermined distances before the gun, for example, after the end of a luminous trail. In this way, especially in weapons with high cadence closely occupied splinter / sub-floor fields can be achieved. Furthermore, it is possible to build the projectile shells from preformed sub-projectiles, which have a resistance stabilization stabilized by the aerodynamic forces continue to fly and thus maintain such fields of action over a greater distance.

All details shown in the figures and explained in the description are important to the invention. It is a feature of the invention that all the details described can be combined in a meaningful way easily or repeatedly and thereby each result in an individually adapted active lateral effective penetrator.

Bezugszeicbenliste

1A

spin-stabilized ALP

1B

aerodynamically stabilized ALP

2A

Splitter / sub-level generating housing with swirl-stabilized ALP

2 B

Splitter / sub-floor generating case with aerodynamically stabilized ALP

2C

rear-side splitter / sub-floor generating housing in FIG. 12

2D

middle splitter / sub-floor generating housing in Fig. 12

2E

Front-side conical splitter / sub-projectile generating housing in FIG. 12

3A

Pod Interior of 2A

3B

Pod interior of 2B

4

Pressure transmission medium

4A

Pressure transmission medium in zone A in FIG. 12

4B

Pressure transfer medium in zone B in FIG. 12

4C

Pressure transmission medium in zone C in FIG. 12

4D

inner pressure transmission medium in FIG. 13

4E

outer pressure transmission medium in FIG. 13

4F

inner pressure transmission medium in FIG. 15

4G

outer pressure transmission medium in Fig. 15

4H

inner pressure transmission medium in Fig. 34

41

outer pressure transmission medium in Fig. 34

5

active pyrotechnic unit or pressure generating device

6

pressure generating element / detonator / explosive

6A

cylindrical pressure generating element (L / D ≈ 1)

6B

cylindrical pressure generating element (L / D> 1)

6C

fuse-like detonator

6D

annular pressure generating element

6E

tubular pressure-generating element

6F

disk-shaped pressure-generating element

6G

conical pressure-generating element

6H

Pressure-generating element with cone tip

61

conical transition from 6A to 6C

6K

round pressure generating element

6L

tubular, one-sided closed pressure-generating element

6M

conical, pointed (slim) pressure-generating element

6N

Combination of 6M and 6G

60

disc-shaped pressure-generating element with tip

6P

Combination of 6F and 6C

6Q

6A with rounding

7

activatable release device (programmed part, fuse and release part)

8th

transmission line

9

additional active elements

10

outside ballistic hood or top

11A

Receiving and / or tripping and securing unit in the tip area

11B

Receiving and / or tripping and securing unit in the front part of the building

11C

Receiving and / or tripping and securing unit in the rear part of the building

11D

Reception and / or tripping and safety unit in the rear area

11E

Receiving and / or tripping and securing unit in the rear part of an active module

11F

Receiving and / or tripping and securing unit in the front part of an active module

11G

Receiving and / or tripping and securing unit in the middle part between two modules

11H

Receiving and / or tripping and securing unit in the shell area of a spiral projectile

12

Tail of an aerodynamically stabilized penetrator

13A

wing tail

13B

cone rudder

13C

Mischleitwerk from 13A and 13B

13D

star-shaped tail

14

Scots goal of three relatively thin sheets

15

massive target plate

15A

Preplate of the target plate 15

16

homogeneous goal

17A

ALP with three active units

17B

Residual penetrator after delivery of a basement or splinter ring

17C

Residual penetrator after delivery of two sub-storey or splinter rings

18A

front decomposition section of the penetrator 17A

18B

Splinter or sub-floor ring from 18A

18C

Splinter or sub-floor ring of 18A on further target approximation

18D

Splinter or sub-floor ring of 18 A at the finish

19A

middle partitioning portion of the penetrator 17A

19B

Splinter or sub-floor ring from 19A

19C

Splinter or sub-floor ring of 19 A just before the finish

20A

rear decomposition section of the penetrator 17A

20B

Splinter or Subschossring of 20A

21A

Crater formed by part 19A of the residual penetrator 17B

21B

Crater formed by part 20A of the residual penetrator 17B

22A

Crater formed by Penetrator 17A part 18A

22B

Crater, formed by penetrator 17A part 20A

23

Penetrator with axially different pressure-exceeding media 4A and 4B

25A

Fig. 8A distributed across the cross section pressure generating elements

25B

Fig. 8B distributed over the cross section pressure generating elements

26

central pressure generating element in Fig. 8B

27

Connection between 26 and pressure-generating elements 25B

28

Connection between pressure-generating elements 25A

29

ALP example with central penetrator 34 and four pressure-generating elements 35

30

Arrangement with decentralized explosive cylinder 32 and two radially different pressure transmission media 4F and 4G

31

ALP cross section with central pressure generating unit and additional eccentrically positioned pressure generating units

32

eccentrically positioned pressure generating element in Fig. 34

33

ALP cross-section with central hollow-shaped penetrator 137

34

massive central penetrator

35

pressure generating element (e.g., in the manner of 6C)

36

ALP example with central penetrator with star-shaped cross-section 37 and relatively thin shell 2A, 2B

37

central penetrator with star-shaped cross-section

38

ALP example with central penetrator with square (rectangular) cross-section 39

39

central penetrator with square (rectangular) cross-section

40

ALP example with circumferentially symmetrical active segments 41 and 42

41

active segment

42

active segment

43

Explosives segment

44

connecting line

45

Satellite ALP

46

ALP with two different shell materials 47, 48

47

outer thin shell material of 46 (splinter ring, jacket, "jacket")

48

Inner thick casing material of 46

49

ALP with additional thick outer shell

50

additional thick cover of 49

51

ALP example with square (rectangular) cross-section

52

ALP example with a shell of hexagonal elements 53

53

hexagonal solid casing element

54

Pressure transmission medium in 52

55

ALP assembly according to 52 with additional sheath 56

56

additional shell for ALP example 52

57

Fill mass between 52 and 56

58

ALP example with four sub-penetrators

59

massive subpenetrator

60

Example of Subpenetrator in PELE construction

61

Connection with satellite ALP 45

62

Outer shell of 58

63

Filling medium between the outer shell 62 and Subpenetratoren 59 and 60th

64

ALP example with three sub-penetrators 59

65

Triangular shell of the inner body 286

66

ALP example with a small massive sub-penetrator 67 with triangular cross-sectional area

67

Small massive subpenetrator with triangular cross-sectional area

68

pressure generating element in 66/69/285/288

69

ALP example with a large massive sub-penetrator 70 with triangular cross-sectional area

70

large massive subpenetrator with triangular cross-sectional area

71

Lateral penetrator with internal ALP 72

72

massive subpenetrator equivalent to 70 as an inboard ALP

73

Medium between the shell of 71 and 72

74

Separation between the shell elements 101

75

ALP example with specially shaped pressure generating element 76

76

specially shaped pressure generating element

77

Penetrator with three cross-section segments as ALP

78

Case of 77

79

Cross section segment as ALP

80

pressure-transmitting medium in the cross-sectional segment 79

81

Wall between the segments 79

82

the cross-sectional segment 79 associated pressure-generating element

83

Notch in the shell 78

84

eccentrically positioned pressure generating element in Fig. 14

85

fragment-forming element / element for dammed ignition

86

conical shaped splinters or sub-floors creating / dispensing envelope

87

ALP example with dammed ignition initiation 91 and explosive cone 88

88

cone-shaped pressure charge in 87

89

front lens as damming element

90

inner damming element

91

damming element in the form of a cylinder open on one side

92

rear lens as damming element

93

Tip as a damming element

94

ALP projectile example with active internal module 95 to be introduced separately

95

indoor unit

96

Inner cylinder of 95

97

Outer diameter of 95

98

Internal volume of 95 (filling)

99

Projectile with central pressurization unit 100 and preformed shell structure splitter 101

100

central pressure generating unit of 99

101

preformed sheath splits (shell elements)

102

lateral effective envelope of 99

103

Projectile with three zones and ALP part in the top

104

Three-zone projectile with ALP module in the middle section

105

Projectile with three zones and ALP part in the rear

106

Tandem bullet with three zones and two ALP parts (top and tail area)

107

ALP simulation example with a small explosive cylinder in the front area

108

ALP simulation example with slim pressure generating element

109

ALP simulation example with a 107/108 pressure generation combination

110A

lid-like damming

110B

Cover 110A after acceleration by means of the active arrangement (6B / 4)

111

6B, fragment sheath cone generated in FIG. 44B

112

incipient cracking in the remaining envelope 2B in Fig. 44B

113

Exit length of the liquid pressure-transmitting medium 124

114

Dynamically generated longitudinal cracks in the shell 2B in Figs. 44B and 45B

115

accelerated shell segment in Fig. 46B

116

Tearing shell segment (Fig. 46B)

117

Floor example for separation

118

Tongue-like detonator in the rear area in FIG. 12

119

ignition cord-like detonator in the middle region in FIG. 12

120

ALP standard cross-section

121

Plexiglass as pressure transmitting medium

122

Aluminum as a pressure-transmitting medium

123

incipient cracking on liquid as pressure transfer medium

124

Water as a pressure-transmitting medium

125

Sheath splinters in Plexiglas as a medium

126

incipient cracking in Plexiglas

127

Sheath splinters in aluminum as a medium

128

ALP with eccentrically positioned pressure generating element 84 and liquid 124 (FIG. 47B) or A1 122 (FIG. 47C) as transmission medium (see FIG. 14)

129

Sheath splitter at Liquid as pressure transfer medium on the side of 84

130

Sheath splitter at A1 as pressure transfer medium on the side of 84

131

Partial shell at A1 as a pressure transmission medium on the opposite side of 84

132

incipient cracking in 131

133

ALP example with annular pressure generating element

134

ALP example with segmented pressure generators

135

ALP example with central penetrator 34 and an eccentrically positioned pressure-generating element 35 and liquid as the medium (compare Fig. 16B)

136

Sheath splitter (Fig. 48B)

137

central hollow-shaped penetrator

138

Cavity in 137

139

Link with tandem ALP

140

Link (signal line) between pressure generators 82 in FIG. 33

142

ALP cross section with pressure generating elements 25A distributed over the cross section

143

ALP cross section with central pressure generating element 26 and across the cross section distributed pressure generating elements 25B

144

axisymmetric arrangement with two radially different pressure transmission media 4D and 4E

145

ALP cross section with an eccentrically positioned pressure generating unit 84

146

reaction gases

147

damming disc in Fig. 49B

148

Tip shape with downstream cavity

149

Lace cover at 148/256/153

150

Cavity between tip and pressure medium 4

151

Partial cover in Fig. 48B

152

signal lines

153

Tip shape with advanced pressure transfer medium

155

auxiliary equipment

156

tip-pulled pressure transfer medium

158

enveloping liquid medium

159

leaked liquid medium

170

ALP example with sub-floor ring

171

Sub floors in 170

172

outer coat

173

inner shell

174

Tubes, cylindrical hollow bodies as sub floors in 170

176

ALP as a basement in 170

179

PELE as a sub floor in 170

180

WS tube (ISL experiment)

181

Splinter after lateral decomposition (ISL experiment)

182

Lateral splitter in double-exposed x-ray flash photography (ISL Experiment)

184

Annular gap between 2B and 249

185

Cone of 249

222

Acceleration medium in conical design

223

Sliver / sub-level generating sheath of 30

247

cylindrical part in Fig. 49C / D

248

Bore in cylinder 247

249

piston-like part in Fig. 49C / D

250

Auxiliary tip (Fig. 42)

251

Rear separation charge (Fig. 42)

252

inert buffer zone / solid element / bullet core / fragment part (Fig. 42)

253

solid module / PELE module / blasting module (Fig. 42)

254

Front separation charge (Fig. 42)

255

Break-off disc (Fig. 42)

256

Tip in PELE design

257

Covering material for PELE expansion

258

bulging

259

Cavity in top

260

Tip with active cutting module

261

Fragmentation casing

262

Pressure transmission medium

263

Pyrotechnic element corresponds to FIG. 6E

264

top shell

265

Detonation front of the explosive cylinder 6C

266

Pressure propagation front

267

Pressure propagation front of the short / thick cylinder

268

Pressure propagation front of the detonating cord

269

Detonation front of the explosive cylinder 6B

270

Transition of the pressure-propagating fronts 267 and 268

271

advanced pressure compensation in the Liquid 4

272

from the wall 2B reflected wave

273

Pressure balance shaft / shaft of internal reflections

274

flat bulge of the shell 2B

275

Buckling of the envelope 2B

276

three-piece aerodynamically stabilized projectile

277

three-piece spin-stabilized bullet

278

top module

279

homogeneous projectile module

280

active projectile module

281

PELE projectile module

282

Projectile shell of 277

283

three-piece aerodynamically stabilized projectile

284

massive rear section of 283

285

Hollow Inner Body ALP Example 286

286

Hollow body with triangular cross-section

287

Cavity of 286 or filled with a medium interior of 286th

288

ALP example with star-shaped, four-chamber inner body 289

289

cruciform inner body in 288

290

Case of 288

291

Sleeve for pressure generating element 6C (FIG. 43D)

293

Outer shell in ALP according to FIG. 30A

294

Outer shell in ALP according to FIG. 30B

295

massive active tip module

296

Sleeve for pressure generating element 6B (FIG. 43C)

297

filled with active agent 298 peak module

298

effective means

299

Outer sheath of ALP cross section according to FIG. 30C

300

Outer shell of ALP cross section according to FIG. 29

301

Outer sheath of ALP cross section according to FIG. 31

Claims (32)

1. An active effective body (1), comprising:

   an effective body casing (2);

   a pyrotechnical pressure-generating means (5) comprising one or more pressure-generating elements (6); and

   an activatable initiating device (7) for initiating said pressure-generating means (5),

   characterised by
   an inert pressure-transmitting medium (4) disposed within said effective body casing (2), as a separate component with respect to said pressure-generating means (5) of said effective body (1), to which said pressure-generating means (5) is adjacent or into which said pressure-generating means (5) is inserted, wherein the ratio of the pyrotechnical mass of said pressure-generating means (5) to the mass of said inert pressure-transmitting medium (4) is ≤ 0.5, and said pressure-transmitting medium (4) is entirely or partially constituted of a material selected from the group comprising light metals or their alloys, plastically deformable metals or their alloys, duroplastic or thermoplastic synthetic materials, organic substances, liquid media, elastomeric materials, glass-like or pulverous materials, pressed members of glass-like or pulverous materials, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
2. The active effective body according to claim 1,
   characterised in that
   said ratio of the mass of said pressure-generating means (5) to the total mass of the pressure-transmitting medium (4) and the effective body casing (2) is ≤ 0.01.
3. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   said pressure-transmitting medium (4) is pasty, gelatinous, gooey, a fluid or liquid.
4. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   said pressure-transmitting medium (4) is arranged so as to be variably located, or possesses different damping properties along the length of the effective body (1).
5. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   said pressure-transmitting medium (4) is assembled from two or more radially inwardly arranged elements which possess different material or damping properties.
6. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   said activatable initiating device (7) is initiatable by a time or approach signal during firing or during the flying phase, respectively.
7. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   said activatable initiating device (7) is activatable upon impact against the target structure, during penetration or subsequent to penetration through the target structure.
8. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   said pressure-generating elements (6) of said pressure-generating means (5) are explosives fuses, explosive capsules, detonators or gas generators.
9. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
   characterised in that
   there are provided a plurality of pressure-generating elements (6) which are initiated time-wise either separately or simultaneously.
10. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    there are provided auxiliary means for triggering of said pressure-generating elements (6) which are formed as separate modules or which are embedded in said pressure-transmitting medium (4).
11. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    said pressure-transmitting medium (4) is either entirely or partially constituted of pre-fabricated structures.
12. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    embedded in said pressure-transmitting medium (4) are entirely or partially rod-shaped or successively connected end ballistic or the like effective similar or different bodies, said bodies being arranged in said pressure-transmitting medium ordered or arbitrarily distributed.
13. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    said effective body casing (2) is constituted of a material which is selected from a group comprising sintered, pure or brittle metals of high density, steel of high hardness, pressed powders, lightweight metals, synthetic materials and fibre materials.
14. The active effective body according to Claim 13,
    characterised in that
    said effective body casing (2) allows forming of statistically ddistributed sub-projectiles or fragments.
15. The active effective body according to Claim 14,
    characterised in that
    said effective body casing (2) is constituted of one or more rings of segments, elongated structures or sub-projectiles which are mechanically connected, glued or soldered to each other.
16. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    said effective body casing (2, 48) is either entirely or partially encompassed by a second casing (50, 47).
17. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    said effective body casing (2) possesses variable wall thicknesses (2C, 2D, 86) along the length thereof.
18. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    one or more penetrators, containers or the like effective components are arranged in said pressure-transmitting medium (4).
19. The active effective body according to Claim 18,
    characterised in that
    said penetrators, containers or the like effective components possess a suitable surface and are solid, or entirely or partially possess a hollow space.
20. The active effective body according to Claim 19,
    characterised in that
    said hollow spaces are filled entirely or partially with a pressure-transmitting medium or with reaction capable components.
21. The active effective body according to Claim 19,
    characterised in that
    said effective components are inert PELE penetrators or actively laterally effective penetrators.
22. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    said effective body (1) is constituted of a plurality of individual modules (tip module, one or more sectional modules, tail module), which are constructed as solid or inert laterally effective (PELE) or actively laterally effective (ALP), said individual modules being exchangeable on demand.
23. The active effective body according to Claim 22,
    characterised in that
    there is arranged a plurality of such individual modules about the circumference and/or the length of said effective body (1).
24. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    said effective body (1) possesses a modular internal construction such that said auxiliary means, said pressure-generating elements (6) or said pressure-transmitting medium (4) are exchangeable on demand or insertable therein just at the instance of utilization.
25. The active effective body according to anyone of preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    said effective body (1) is spin-stabilized or aerodynamically stabilized or is firable with a compensating spin.
26. Rotationally stabilized or aerodynamically stabilized projectile comprising one or more active effective bodies according to anyone of claims 1 to 25.
27. End phase guided projectile comprising one or more active effective bodies according to anyone of claims 1 to 25.
28. Practice projectile comprising one or more active effective bodies according to anyone of claims 1 to 25.
29. Warhead comprising one or more active effective bodies according to anyone of claims 1 to 25.
30. Rocket-accelerated guided or unguided missile comprising one or more active effective bodies according to anyone of claims 1 to 25.
31. Guided or unguided underwater body (torpedo) comprising one or more active effective bodies according to anyone of claims 1 to 25.
32. Aircraft supported or autonomously flying ejection container (dispenser) comprising one or more effective bodies according to anyone of claims 1 to 25.

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