CN101273243A - Cannonball or bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to obtain great final ballistic effectiveness of fragmentation bullets and warheads regardless of the impact speed while using as little explosive material as possible. Said aim is achieved by combining an explosive shell (3) with a damming inner member (4) in connection with an accelerated outer jacket (2). This arrangement results in the best possible conversion of the explosive energy while offering great creative flexibility regarding the design. A wide range of additional possible effects is created by blast-compacting the inner damming member (4). Furthermore, the shape of the inner damming member allows the fragments to obtain a directionally controlled effect.; Depending on the caliber and technical design, the amount of explosive material used can be reduced by 50 to 80 percent compared to conventional explosive bullets at comparable fragment speeds or sub-bullet speeds. The explosive material economized is available as additional effective mass. The accelerated jacket (2) can also be entirely or partly composed of preformed fragments or sub-bullets.

Description

Shell or bullet

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of shell or bullet that forms shell fragment or inferior bullet.

Background technology

People use shell in case do not rely on shell or the striking velocity of bullet by means of by explosive shell fragment that quicken, that have very high initial velocity on planar light target, realize the effect of final trajectory.Described demolition bomb is characterised in that explosive occupies the largest portion of its volume.Demolition bomb or comprised bigger explosive charge by its structure, described explosive charge by the bullet of explosive filling on very high degree, do not render a service and in other words part do not play a role for physical cause at all.Thus, design leeway is big restricted and concentrate on the design of shell fragment cover and the assembly of pyrotechnic on disclosed shell so far.

On the shell that forms shell fragment, the shell fragment that enough quickens rapidly is distributed on the big as far as possible target surface or covers a big as far as possible space (degree of depth) is conclusive parameter.But this target is accomplished only limitedly on pure demolition bomb, because be restricted in the control possibility aspect shell fragment formation and the shell fragment distribution at explosion time.Enough striking velocities will be arranged and use aspect the less explosive charge at shell, above-mentioned requirements is only used so-called ALP (penetrator of active lateral effect)-shell is accomplished up to now.But, such based on PELE (penetrator) active shell principle, horizontal split with horizontal effect of enhancing on, accessible lateral velocity is restricted by the type of employed pyrotechnic medium and quantity and project organization.This is fully corresponding to the goal-setting of described penetrator or bullet, because real final ballistic performance obtains by shell speed.Action principle according to the shell of ALP principle is exactly that penetrator split into shell fragment or inferior bullet on one's own initiative before reaching target.The speed of these assemblies results from employed explosive charge seldom, and the energy of described explosive charge is given outside effect assembly by a kind of transmission medium of inertia according to shock wave theory and employed material transfer.The speed of these effect assemblies is between several meter per seconds and about 200 meter per seconds.The effectiveness of described functional component in other words breakdown performance thus in the ALP shell as the main striking velocity that depends in traditional kinetic energy weapon.

Disclosed device is confined to the structure of cartridge case structure and shell fragment shell on demolition bomb so far.United States Patent (USP) 5,243,916 have illustrated a kind of representative example that is used for the cartridge case structure.Should at first realize littler shell sensitiveness at this, method is that a kind of explosive composition of volatile inside is surrounded by a kind of composition of more inertia.The target of changing at first is, guarantees that whole powder charges all explode, so that reach enough shell fragment speed.But the pure fragmentation shell that relates to traditional type in principle at this.Interface preferable configuration between the explosive composition is a star.At this a large amount of possible combinations have been described, these combination main distinctions only are the explosive share of mixture and different additives.In this case, outside layer also can by a kind of chemically reactive, constitute such as the material that is used to produce gas.

The target of being explained on bullet and flying body is, by special bomb body by storing explosive and realize inferior bullet or be arranged on the economic as far as possible acceleration of the container of outside.As existing know-how, can be with reference to DE 3522008C2 and these two files of EP 0718590A1.For example in DE 3522008C2, from the shell 12 of bullet 11, produce the fragmentation effect of flying body 10 round power set 16.Explain very at large that at this specific outer casing thickness is enough to produce desired puncture efficient.This only relates to should be by the target of flying body attack.Can not pass to shell at this.Do not mention rule physically yet and do not mention any general design rule yet at this.When hitting, the whole flying body overwhelming majority or be hollow fully, thereby do not produce bolus effect

There is no need on the entire cross section of flying body, to arrange that very high ammunition realizes the explosive coating of very high this statement of puncture efficient at the hollow bullet jacket in the inside.Because the inside of flying body undoubtedly is made of drive unit, adjusting device and effective charge (Wirkladung).Distribute any and shell fragment shell function associated for inner shell 12c at this.Or rather, it is described shell with power set of control element.This point also can show by following aspect, promptly arranges the thermal insulation layer of being made by the material of thermal insulation 19 between this shell 12c and explosive coating.Inner stuffer its to equivalence aspect the influence of accessible shell fragment speed in the influence of explosive thickness, the decisive advantage of this stuffer is not mentioned and can not occurred on the device that is proposed yet at this.

EP 0718590A1 has illustrated the rocket functional component of bullet in other words, and this functional component is to improve laterally to render a service by means of cross section to quicken for annular explosive coating makes preformed element.The main target of illustrated structure is, the very high detonation velocity of explosive layer is converted to the element that obtains the quickening lower diffusion velocity of functional component in other words.The described explosive ring 43 that functional component is quickened starts by a circle pelletizing (Pellet) (igniting element 82).The device with illustrated in DE 3522008 is identical in principle in its structure and function aspects thereof for explosive shell 43.By the explosive characteristic of explosive composition in other words, the size of the inferior bullet 56 around depending on especially influences diffusion velocity.

Disclose such shell in addition, described shell comprises powder charge on the pyrotechnic to improve the effect of final trajectory.United States Patent (USP) 3,302,570 as representational example.It has illustrated a kind of shell type, and this shell type at first designs in order to puncture protective this purpose of being made by armour steel when required shell energy is reduced to bottom line.This target by solid, have than minor diameter and big length, that make by heavy metal, realize as the penetrator of the core members of bomb body.In addition, after target, be used for enlarging this effect in other words among the target by making of explosive or incendiary agent.At this, except real target punctures, also mentioned the effect and the peculiar crushing process of shell of two kinds of incendiary agents (Brandsatz) as factor

Combustible highdensity material surrounds the penetrator of the bullet with thickening.The highdensity material that penetrator is surrounded is given penetrator with additional quality and give its shell energy thus, and passes the hole that is punctured by the penetrator head equally.Bigger diameter by bullet prevents that combustible material from being peelled off.Light described combustible material by the pulverizing of penetrator when passing harder target, and the generation shell fragment is sent into incendiary agent among the target in other words.In the aft section of shell, the penetrator of central authorities and the combustible material of its encirclement surrounded by real body needs this body to be used for making the shell of pipe to keep stable and make it keep stable awing at this.By means of the shearing seamed edge on the front edge of the sclerosis of described body, should enlarge already the hole of the target material that is punctured by the main penetrator of described central authorities, and cause more havoc in target internal by driving target material.In order to be filled in the space between described central penetrator 13 and the body 17, put into the combustible material 16 that another layer has littler density.This additional layer should remain on described central penetrator in its position.Enter at shell and to light described incendiary agent when pulverizing in the process in the harder target.Therefore this creationary scheme is to be different from the solution of the present invention.At US 3,302, in 570, combustible material is sent in the target, these combustible materials since the process of final trajectory lighted.Not mentioned at this in shell pressure inside formation situation.This shell form is not a demolition bomb truly.Do not have to be provided with and not mention indirectly yet at this by function of the present invention.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is discussed now: design of the present invention is that on traditional demolition bomb, the overwhelming majority of the assembly of pyrotechnic fails to help significantly shell fragment to quicken.Explosive divides because of the blast of self, and the shell fragment cover quickens because of the reacting gas that produces basically.The horizontal acceleration of shell fragment cover causes that directly volume enlarges and causes expansion thus, makes the pressure share of explosive inside body that the acceleration share of corresponding reduction also only can be provided.

Target of the present invention is not rely on the very high effectiveness aspect final trajectory that striking velocity obtains the shell and the bullet of formation shell fragment under the situation of using the least possible explosive charge.Combination by explosive shell and the inside body of filling and combine and accelerate to very high-speed overcoat and realize this point.By this arrangement, not only reach the best as far as possible conversion effect of explosive energy, and opened up very big design leeway for the design of described shell or bullet.Be in hundreds of meter per seconds to nearly between 2000 meter per seconds with the inferior in other words bullet speed of the accessible shell fragment of less explosive coating, and thus near the corresponding speed of pure demolition bomb.The explosive compaction of the filling body by inside produces additional widely possible effectiveness.Especially exist the possibility that inside body is used to improve overall system efficiency.The example of this respect is that putting into of use, the multilayer arrangement of special material, inferior bullet and additional being used to make described inside body division and/or the assembly of the pyrotechnic of the central authorities that quicken integrated.In addition, the structure of the stuffer by described inside can be realized the effect of the recipient of shell fragment to control, and this acts on the traditional demolition bomb with this shape and can't realize.The assembly of filling that also can be by the ability that will respond is integrated in penetrator inside or the inner this mode of bullet reaches special-effect.Consider the possibility of the use of design advantage and other effect assembly, the overall efficiency of the shell that shell fragment is quickened that proposes here is far above the overall efficiency of known demolition bomb or special shell.

Basically based on the effect of inner stuffer, explosive charge seldom is used to realize compare with traditional demolition bomb the inferior in other words bullet speed of similar shell fragment under the situation that significantly reduces explosive charge in the present invention.Below accessible shell fragment speed is assessed.

On the principle, the speed of overcoat is determined by three effects independent of each other to a great extent: by the Mass Distribution between overcoat that remains to be quickened and internal support, by the energy (energy of every volume unit and thickness) of described explosive layer and definite by the surface element size of being studied (influence of the shell fragment size that is formed).This situation is by illustrating the theoretical appraisal of shell fragment speed, such as carrying out this assessment by disclosed Gurney equation from relevant document.Provide two kinds of research modes that are used for the device here at this: wherein a kind of is starting point with the cylindrical shape, another kind of then with the basis that expands into of cylindrical structural, be used to obtain smooth surface element.This surface element is corresponding with the protective device that reacts in first approximation then.There, not only the Mass Distribution of the sheet material of two acceleration (just clogging ratio) plays a decisive role, and the sandwich size also plays a decisive role.When the steel bushing of explosive layer that uses 10 millimeters thick and 5 millimeters thick and very solid one-sided stuffer, such as the speed that on very big surface, produces 1500 meter per seconds according to the Gurney equation.Under the situation of the back of 10 millimeters thick sheet material, also calculate the speed of 750 meter per seconds.Under the situation of narrower sandwich (band), can also reach about 60% of these numerical value.

Other example calculation: do not having (just the element size with enough expansions is a prerequisite) under the situation of edge effect, theoretical velocity surpasses 2000 meter per seconds under the situation of 5 millimeters steel layers, big explosive thickness (greater than 20 millimeters) and high inside filling rate.Under the situation of the stuffer of the explosive layer of 5 millimeters overcoat thickness and 5 millimeters thick and the inside that constitutes by aluminium matter hollow cylinder with 20 millimeters thickness, the shell fragment starting velocity be on the order of magnitude of 1000 meter per seconds and the speed of the hollow cylinder that quickens inwards because less stuffer is approximately 500 meter per seconds.The explosive layer of the steel bushing of 8 millimeters thick and 20 millimeters thick and with the combined situation of different inside stuffers under, these numerical value fluctuate between 800 meter per seconds (high filling rate) and 200 meter per seconds (little filling rate).These example calculation also show, use corresponding to device of the present invention and can cover the inferior in other words bullet speed of very large-scale shell fragment speed.

When the shell fragment speed of cylindrical bomb body is assessed, provide the Gurney equation of the demolition bomb that is applicable to the traditional structure type:

v＝D/3(M/C+0.5) ^-0.5

Wherein D is as detonation velocity, M as the quality of overcoat (container, coating) and C as quality of explosive (Explosivstoffmasse).At this, suppose that D/3 is as the good approximation near the Gurney-characteristic velocity.Described shell fragment speed is therefore proportional with the detonation velocity of employed explosive.For general consideration, can consider to be in numerical value between 2600 meter per seconds and 3000 meter per seconds (mean value 2800 meter per seconds) for D/3.This formula is helpful, because in most cases detonation velocity is known as Gurney-speed or rather.

Following example calculation will be illustrated the situation in this research mode: at external diameter is that 100 millimeters, the wall thickness of overcoat are the thickness of 10 millimeters (80 millimeters of internal diameters) and explosive layer when being 5 millimeters, as shell fragment-/overcoat speed obtains 25% of Gurney-speed.When being 40 millimeters (just explosive layer thickness is 20 millimeters), internal diameter obtains 45% of Gurney-speed, the speed of just about 1260 meter per seconds.At internal diameter is 60 millimeters and explosive layer thickness when being 10 millimeters, obtains 35% (about 1000 meter per seconds) of Gurney-speed.For filling the overcoat of explosive, obtain 50% of Gurney-speed, the speed of just about 1400 meter per seconds.Reach under the situation of very thick explosive layer (greater than 30 millimeters) at desirable one-sided (inside) stuffer, under the situation of big surface (diameter in other words), reach Gurney-speed approx.

The stuffer of described inside is a central feature of the present invention, and the stuffer by described inside is converted to shell fragment speed best with explosive energy, thereby correspondingly hour can realize high speed at explosive thickness.The influence of inner stuffer can take in by a coefficient that is called filling coefficient (VF).It depends on parameter M/C, M _{Inner stuffer}/ M _Shell, rho _{Play core}, sigma _{Play core}And the Hygoniot-characteristic of interior media.It can be a starting point with following assessed value: under the situation thicker at the shell fragment cover, that explosive layer is thicker, overcoat is thin and explosive layer is thicker, produce 1.1 to 1.2 filling coefficient.This is equivalent to 10% to 20% speedup.Thicker combined and when thin overcoat and thicker explosive layer are combined at thicker overcoat with thin explosive layer, produce 1.2 to 1.3 filling coefficient (being equivalent to 20% to 30% speedup).Not only can realize that very high shell fragment speed and violent overcoat up to about 2000 meter per seconds is cracked thus, and can under corresponding acceleration situation stably, realize less shell fragment speed or inferior bullet speed by the little inside body of filling degree and the explosive of inertia on the other hand by high filling rate and corresponding explosive.

Description of drawings

Figure 1A is the theory structure of the explosive layer-fragmentation shell of spin stabilization, and this explosive layer-fragmentation shell has the inside body of shell fragment shell, explosive layer and filling and control element igniting element in other words,

Figure 1B is the theory structure of explosive layer-fragmentation shell stable on the aerodynamics, and this explosive layer-fragmentation shell has the inside body of shell fragment shell, explosive layer and filling and control element igniting element in other words,

Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the shape of cross section of explosive layer-fragmentation shell, and this explosive layer-fragmentation shell has the inside body of shell fragment cover, explosive layer and filling,

Fig. 3 is the cross section of explosive layer-fragmentation shell, and this explosive layer-fragmentation shell has the hollow inside body that the interior ring of filling is clogged in other words,

Fig. 4 is the cross section of explosive layer-fragmentation shell with internal structure of multilayer filling,

Fig. 5 is the embodiment of described cross-sectional structure, and this cross-sectional structure has external cross section and (being octagonal) interior cross section arbitrarily of the circle of explosive layer here,

Fig. 6 is the embodiment of described cross-sectional structure, and this cross-sectional structure has interior cross section and (being octagonal) external cross section arbitrarily of the circle of the inside body of filling and explosive layer here,

Fig. 7 is the embodiment of described cross-sectional structure, this cross-sectional structure has (the being foursquare) cross section arbitrarily of inside body of described filling and the blast cross section/explosive-surface section of segmentation (: by igniting inside body separately simultaneously or when different) here here

Fig. 8 is the embodiment of described cross-sectional structure, this cross-sectional structure have arbitrarily the inside body of (being leg-of-mutton) cross section here and be in inside body and explosive layer between, the compensator section of the transmission pressure of inertia,

Fig. 9 be have a plurality of (being two here) filling hollow inside body and one that dynamically work, be between explosive layer and the inner stuffer (top) and/or be between the different inside stuffers (following) the layer cross section,

Figure 10 is the cross section that has the inside body of filling and dynamically work, be in the layer between explosive layer and the shell fragment cover,

Figure 11 has overcoat/shell shell and is in shell fragment shell (top) below it and additional embodiment that dynamically work, that be in the cross-sectional structure of the layer between explosive layer and the shell fragment cover (following),

Figure 12 has an embodiment of cross-sectional structure in intermediate layer that overcoat and spring plate/preformed shell/comprise hot type or mechanical type form the measure of shell fragment,

Figure 13 is inside body and explosive section with (here for foursquare) filling, have planar/wire of being arranged in (top) in the explosive layer/igniter of point-like or have the embodiment of cross-sectional structure of the igniting element of the inside body put into,

Figure 14 be have arbitrarily the explosive surface that (being square here) be shaped and transmit pressure, be in explosive layer and the shell fragment shell embodiment of the cross-sectional structure of the fan-shaped section between the body in other words,

Figure 15 is the embodiment with cross-sectional structure of double-deck explosive coating and two filling layers,

Figure 16 has the shell of multimember inside body (being made up of the fan-shaped section of four same materials or different materials) of body of the pyrotechnic that has central authorities or the embodiment of bullet here,

Figure 17 has the shell of multimember inside body (being four columniform penetrator) or the embodiment of bullet here, and this inside body then has the empty in other words inner space of body of the central authorities of the body (top) of pyrotechnic of central authorities or inertia,

Figure 18 is the inner surface/correspondingly configured explosive layer with geometric modeling of body/shell fragment shell and the embodiment of the cross-sectional structure of inner stuffer,

Figure 19 is the embodiment with cross-sectional structure of the inner surface of geometric modeling of shell fragment shell and correspondingly configured explosive layer,

Figure 20 is the embodiment of the cross-sectional structure of inner surface (top) with geometrical figuration of explosive layer or explosive-longitudinal band or explosive-surface element (following),

Figure 21 is the embodiment with inner stuffer and cross-sectional structure of the separating element of putting into explosive layer or geometry (being longitudinal band here),

Figure 22 be have the hollow interior ring of filling and be configured to container central authorities/embodiment of cross-sectional structure of the inside body of filling,

Figure 23 be have the central authorities of filling container (top) in other words central authorities inside body and be provided with embodiment contact pin, that be in the cross-sectional structure in the space between explosive layer and the inside body,

Figure 24 is the control that has (the being two members) inside body of shell fragment shell, explosive layer, filling here and the be used for explosive layer embodiment in the vertical section of igniting element in other words,

Figure 25 has the explosive thickness of variation and columniform shell fragment shell (top) and has the shell fragment thickness of the shell of variation and the embodiment in the vertical section of explosive thickness (following),

Figure 26 has explosive layer/inside body-diameter transition (top) or the body/employed embodiment that penetrates body or penetrate the vertical section of ring (following) of the filling that separates,

Figure 27 is the embodiment in vertical section with diameter transition of shell fragment cover and explosive layer,

Figure 28 has the different shell fragment cover diameter (top) of multimember (separating) explosive layer and (here) here or the embodiment in the vertical section of the explosive layer that has diameter transition (following) that links up,

Figure 29 is the embodiment of the geometry of shell fragment shell, and this shell fragment shell is used to obtain desired effect or preferred shell fragment direction.Here: the direction control and the rotation of the explosive layer of spring plate/shell fragment ring and inside body coherent, that have cylindrical filling,

Figure 30 is the embodiment of the geometry of shell fragment shell, and this shell fragment shell is used to obtain desired effect or preferred shell fragment direction.Here: the direction control of the inside body of the filling of mating on spring plate and explosive layer that separates and the geometry,

Figure 31 is the embodiment of the geometry of shell fragment shell, and this shell fragment shell is used to obtain desired effect or preferred shell fragment direction.Here: be used for the explosive coating of different shell fragment direction and shell fragment speed,

Figure 32 is the embodiment in the vertical section of explosive layer-fragmentation shell or bullet, described explosive layer-fragmentation shell or bullet have the spring plate that is applying explosive that is in the inside and be in overcoat and spring plate between intermediate gaps and the outer cover (top) of outer trajectory empty or the part filling or the bullet point (following) of solid/filling

Figure 33 is the embodiment in vertical section of bullet point (following) of explosive that had complete explosive coating (shell body and bullet point zone-top) and filling,

Figure 34 is the embodiment with vertical section of the explosive body in the interior zone of clogging of packing into,

Figure 35 is the embodiment with vertical section of bullet core (top) in the interior zone of imbedding described filling and the elongated cylinder with bullet point (following),

Figure 36 is the embodiment in vertical section of the bullet core (following) of pointed bullet core or have with storage explosive (top) of tail region division in the interior zone of imbedding described filling, that have this bullet core of focusing/make (make play core quicken) storage explosive of having classification bullet point and centering

Figure 37 has an embodiment that shaping that the inside body of geometric modeling and corresponding explosive coating be used for directed fragmentation effect (top) or inside body, explosive surface and shell fragment cover by filling has the vertical section of shell fragment-orientation (following),

Figure 38 is the embodiment corresponding to the vertical section of Figure 37, and this vertical section has additional shell fragment assembly,

Figure 39 is fragmentation effect and explosive coating (top) that links up and the embodiment with vertical section of incoherent explosive coating (following) with (here) twin-stage orientation,

Figure 40 is the embodiment in vertical section that has the shell fragment cone of additional elementary axial acceleration in the front area of shell, and this shell fragment cone is quickened by the explosive surface,

Figure 41 is the embodiment that plays the vertical section of core/classification bullet core before two media as filling have,

Figure 42 is the embodiment with cross-sectional structure of the single fan-shaped section that is subjected to the explosive acceleration,

Figure 43 be have the shell fragment shell variation thickness and have the embodiment of cross-sectional structure of explosive fan-shaped section that (being four) has (can freely constitute in principle) cross section of lens shape here,

Figure 44 is the embodiment of cross-sectional structure of inside body with filling of the explosive surface of shaping and coupling,

Figure 45 is the embodiment with (being eight the here) fan-shaped section and the cross-sectional structure on the explosive surface that freely constitutes,

Figure 46 is the embodiment in the vertical section of inside body with multimember filling (such as radially or axially separately),

Figure 47 is the embodiment by the cross-sectional structure of the shell of Figure 42 or bullet, and this cross-sectional structure has inside body filling, that be made of cylinder here in the parent that transmits pressure,

Figure 48 is the embodiment by the cross-sectional structure of the shell of Figure 43 or bullet, and that this cross-sectional structure has is segmentation, single or multiple lift, the penetrator of the inside body of filling and central authorities,

Figure 49 is configured to multimember and has the different structures embodiment in the vertical section of the effect body of coating (the different step with difference in functionality) in other words,

Figure 50 is the embodiment of the random cross-sectional configuration of explosive layer-fragmentation shell or bullet,

Figure 51 is the another kind of embodiment of cross-sectional structure arbitrarily.

The specific embodiment

Figure 1A shows the theory structure of the explosive layer-fragmentation shell 1A of spin stabilization, this explosive layer-fragmentation shell 1A have shell fragment shell/shell fragment cover/formation shell fragment body 2, be in the layer 3 of the explosive layer/explosive coating/explosive surface/pyrotechnic below the shell and the inside body 4 of filling.Has light a fire the in other words integrated igniting element of electronic installation of the actuating device that is used for described explosive layer this illustrate.The actuating of described explosive layer and triggering should be complementary with corresponding prior art.The effectiveness of this device is not influenced by it to a great extent.

By the principle of work and power of the present invention allow equally to be applied to as in Figure 1B, schematically illustrate on shell stable on the aerodynamics.Here also show the theory structure of described explosive layer-fragmentation shell 1B, described explosive layer-fragmentation shell 1B has inside body 4 and igniting element or other shell or the warhead installation of shell fragment shell 2, explosive layer 3 and filling.The location of described igniting element is unimportant concerning the function of the shell of formation shell fragment; It can be placed in the shell bottom, in the inside body 4 of filling, be placed in (such as reference Figure 24 and 45) on other position in the bullet point or as module.

Embodiment corresponding to the cross-sectional structure of shell of the present invention or bullet has been shown in Fig. 2 to 23 and 42 to 45 and 47 to 51.

For example, Fig. 2 shows the cross section by explosive layer-fragmentation shell of the present invention, and this explosive layer-fragmentation shell has the inside body 4 of shell fragment cover 2, explosive layer 3 and filling.This schematic diagram has illustrated the simple proposal the most of possible design, in this schematic diagram, described filling, correspondingly incompressible inside body is configured to solid uniform columniform parts aspect dynamic property.As the material of the assembly that is used for described filling, can consider the material that all cause desired dynamic filling effect in principle.The degree of the dynamic property of the assembly of described filling and especially consequent filling has decisive action concerning accessible shell fragment speed or needed explosive thickness, described shell fragment speed and explosive thickness are used to reach the desired acceleration of shell fragment cover.Because as mentioning already, stuffer at it to being equal to the influence of explosive thickness aspect the influence of accessible shell fragment speed.

Other very important performance concerning action effect be exactly the physical dimension of described shell fragment cover or its quality with and the mechanical dynamic performance.But a special benefits of the present invention is not propose specific (special) requirements to single assembly.Therefore be chosen under the situation that does not have very high technology overhead by corresponding material and just can realize nearly all performance.

Fig. 3 shows the cross section of the explosive layer-fragmentation shell of the inside body 5 with filling.In this case, this explosive layer-fragmentation shell has the cross section of an annular, and this cross section surrounds a cavity 6.Should so select to encircle 5 thickness and material, the feasible enough fillings that produce described explosive layer.Described explosive district not only can be made of a floor, and can be made of two or more similar or different layers.About the function on the principle, the Incoercibility of the medium of described filling is not compulsory precondition.Or rather, compressible degree influences the accessible speed of the shell fragment that remains to be quickened.

Fig. 4 shows the cross section of the internal structure of the filling with multilayer, and second inside body/central body 7 is wherein arranged in the inner casing/inside body 5 of the filling that is configured to hollow cylinder.Described assembly 5 also can have different machinery or physical property certainly with 7.Also it is contemplated that, at first inside body is carried out compacting, and have only and just cause filling effect enough or that increase by this method.It is contemplated that in addition the shape by described inside body is structure in other words, produce time dependent filling highly according to specification requirement.This performance can be called filling transition.Large quantities of materials with corresponding Hygoniot-curve trend are suitable for this.Consider according to these, can realize significant especially effect with material with special Hygoniot-performance.Component such as the material of glass or type of glass or liquid pasty state in other words all belongs to this type of material.

Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment, and described in this embodiment explosive layer 3A has circular shape outside and has shape (being octagon in this embodiment) arbitrarily inside.8 of the inside body of filling have been showed corresponding profile.Explosive layer (explosive shell) 3A is because its moulding can apply different effects to described shell fragment shell.For example can support fragmentation, and can exert one's influence to chip shape and shell fragment speed.

For performance and the peculiar design of technical material in other words that described shell fragment overlaps shell shell in other words or bullet jacket, can consider all known embodiment and process programs on traditional fragmentation shell in principle.

Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of the inside body of a filling with explosive layer 3B, and this explosive layer 3B has octagonal external cross section and circular interior cross section here.Can certainly imagine other moulding scheme/outer shape of described explosive layer 3B.Described shell fragment cover 2A has octagonal interior profile corresponding to the shape of explosive.Thus such as can be by means of different shell fragment cover thickness, density and explosive layer-thickness and the fragmentation that influences described shell fragment cover by means of the performance of pyrotechnic.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment, this embodiment have described filling inside body 9 in principle arbitrarily, in this embodiment for foursquare cross section.In this schematic diagram, by the contact-making surface/contact surface of described inside body 9 with described shell fragment shell 2, described explosive body/explosive part is separated below by described inside body described shell fragment shell 2.The blast cross section that produces segmentation thus forms explosive-surperficial fan-shaped section in other words.When can be simultaneously or be different, this lights described explosive fan-shaped section 10.Can certainly so design the size of the inside body 9 of described filling, thereby be that the annular igniting makes described explosive shell closure.Described inside body 9 can be such as remaining in the position of oneself by means of contact pin.

In Fig. 8, (in this embodiment) it is combined with the compensation fan-shaped section 12 of the transmission pressure of inertia to have an inside body 11 of triangular cross section, the space between the outer surface of described compensation fan-shaped section 12 filling inside body 11 and annular (tubular) explosive shell 3.The prerequisite identical with the inside body of described filling is applicable to the fan-shaped section 12 of described inertia aspect material, and the fan-shaped section 12 of these inertia can be configured to form the body of shell fragment.In addition, these fan-shaped section 12 can comprise additional functional component.Certainly, the function that also can distribute other to these fan-shaped section.For example they can be made such as the steel that is quenched by heavy metal, carbide alloy or process, are used for such as the efficient that obtains final trajectory as inferior penetrator.

Fig. 9 shows another kind of structure by shell of the present invention.Show two kinds of cross section schemes at this with effective internal layer/annular surface aspect dynamically.This dynamic effectiveness derives from described layer with respect to the peculiar performance of walking of shock wave.At this, the boundary face between described dynamic layer and adjacent material plays a decisive role.Physical property results from acoustic impedance.This ratio by m-1/m+1 has been determined the reflectivity in the boundary face of shock wave between two media, and wherein m is as the product density of this two media and the quotient between vertical velocity of sound.

The upper part of Fig. 9 shows a kind of shell cross section, and this shell cross section has hollow inside body 5,5A and layer 13 that plays dynamic effect between described explosive layer 3 and stuffer 5 of two fillings.In the center, also has an additional body 7A here, such as the penetrator of central authorities.The lower part of this schematic diagram then show first body 5 of described filling and the filling second layer 5A between play dynamic effect the layer 13A as the inner part in first body 5.Can realize above-mentioned dynamic effect thus, (it is that shock wave is walked or the enhancing impact to slow down influencing in other words of impact) performance such as buffering is used for influencing in time described impact or inhibitory action and influences shell fragment speed, shell fragment formation and/or shell fragment distribution thus.

Figure 10 shows a cross section, and this cross section has inside body 4 and layer 13B who plays dynamically effect between explosive layer 3 and shell fragment cover 2 of filling.By performance and the structure of described dynamic layer 13B, can influence the acceleration of 3 pairs of shell fragment covers 2 of described explosive layer.

In Figure 11, following part cross section shows similar structure, and the wherein described here layer 13C that plays dynamically effect is positioned in the zone outside, that form shell fragment of described dimeric shell fragment overcoat 14.Can influence the shell fragment that is in top shell fragment shell 2 thus forms.In the superincumbent part cross section, show an embodiment, this embodiment has overcoat/shell shell 14A and is in following shell fragment shell 2.The design of the body 14A of described outside not only can derive from the requirement of inner trajectory, and this can extended dynamic render a service on illustrated meaning equally.

Figure 12 shows an embodiment, and this embodiment has overcoat 14A and spring plate parent 16A in other words.Here can imbed preformed shell 16 or other the element that on trajectory, works such as the body 15 that forms shell fragment.Quicken/activate by described explosive shell 3 once again at this.Here imbed igniting element 18 in described inside body 17, the additional division of the assembly of described filling can also be supported or cause to this igniting element 18.By igniting element 18A is imbedded in the inside body 17, can also obtain dynamic compacting effect by the formation of pressure field.In this way can be such as after in target approach or just begin the division of inside body 17 in target internal.

Figure 13 shows other embodiment with integrated igniting element.Cross-sectional structure comprises the inside body 9 and the explosive fan-shaped section 10A of (in the diagram for a foursquare) filling here.In the superincumbent part picture, described explosive layer explosive fan-shaped section 10A in other words includes igniting element 18A, and this igniting element 18A can be configured to the device of planar, wire an or point-like.In the lower part of schematic diagram, corresponding igniting element 18B is placed in the described inside body 9.

Figure 14 shows the altogether embodiment of cross-sectional structure, this cross-sectional structure have in principle moulding arbitrarily, be foursquare explosive surface 3C in this embodiment.Between explosive surface 3C and shell fragment layer 2, arranged the fan-shaped section 12A that transmits pressure.The inside body 9 of described filling has foursquare cross section corresponding to described explosive layer 3C.Described fan-shaped section 12A also can satisfy a series of other specific (special) requirements except it transmits the function of pressure, such as the effect with damping or influence the effect of the shell fragment speed of shell fragment layer 2.Equally in this case, as in Fig. 5 to 7, can be that cracked shell fragment cover is regulated different shell fragment speed or shell fragment shape according to the different-thickness of effect fan-shaped section 12A at this.

Figure 15 shows an embodiment, and this embodiment has double-deck explosive coating 19,20 and two filling layer 4A, 21 correspondingly.Can simultaneously or light a fire to explosive coating at this with staggering in time.By a kind of described structure, produce wide especially sphere of action.Therefore, can light before target such as skin, inner component is then just lighted when passing target or in target internal.In this case, the filling layer 4A of the inside can make it have the ability of final trajectory such as formation like this, that is to say that it can be a penetrator.In this way, can give play to classification very wide, with the efficient of strike mission optimum Match.

Figure 16 shows an embodiment, and this embodiment has the inside body 23 of multimember filling, and this inside body 23 here is made up of four fan-shaped section 24, and these four fan-shaped section 24 can be made by similar or different materials.Between described fan-shaped section 24, arranged layer 25.These layers 25 can be such as the layer that is designed to play dynamic effect on the meaning of above-mentioned explanation, such as making by the rubber/elastomer material or by the material of compliant or shock-absorbing capacity.Single assembly 23 can be loosely or regularly such as by means of bonding, being threaded or vulcanizing connects.Described shell structure is provided with the body 22 of the pyrotechnic of central authorities in this embodiment, and this body 22 produces additional splitting action/cross stream component (main to single assembly 24).Described fan-shaped section 24 also can form shell fragment, comprise body or have efficient on oneself the penetrator meaning of central authorities of final trajectory.

Figure 17 shows two other embodiment, and they have the penetrator 26 of the inside body/central authorities of multimember filling.Described penetrator 26 is such as comprising four columniform penetrator 27.In the superincumbent part picture, there are the body 22A of the pyrotechnic of central authorities, this body 22A to give the inside body 26 of the described combination that is configured to penetrator with horizontal velocity component in the central authorities of described columniform penetrator 27.In the part picture below, replace body 22A and between described assembly 27A, arranged the body 28 (perhaps inner chamber) of the central authorities of inertia.The explosive layer 3D that inside body 26 is surrounded since penetrator 26 in other words 27 shape have different thickness.This just causes described overcoat fragment different local acceleration to occur.Described explosive coating can interrupt (top) or continuous (following) by the element of putting into.

Figure 18 shows an embodiment, and this embodiment has body/shell 14A, is in body/the shell fragment shell 29 of inner surface below the shell 14A, correspondingly configured explosive layer 33 and described inner stuffer 4 with geometric modelling.By stretching into the forming element 31A in the described shell fragment cover 29, make described shell fragment overlap 29 local attenuation, this can make fission process carry out with confirmable methods (such as banded, grid-like, being used to form specific shell fragment).Show the different moulding of described element 31A at this.Based on specific cross-sectional structure, this cross-sectional structure has the inner surface of having done change on how much of described shell fragment shell 32 and correspondingly configured explosive layer 31 to corresponding principle in Figure 19.

In Figure 20, the inner surface to described explosive layer 34 in the superincumbent part picture has carried out geometry designs, and wherein said explosive layer forms the shell of a sealing at this.In the part picture below, described explosive train component 5 is made up of explosive taeniae band or explosive surface element 36.Correspondingly configured inside body 4C serves as the separator between single explosive train component in this case.

The principle of the explosive cover of segmentation is also accomplished in Figure 21.The shown cross-sectional structure of this embodiment has inner stuffer 4 and puts into the separating element of described explosive layer 36A or any geometry of design shape in principle.In this embodiment, described separating element or geometry are the bands 37 of longitudinal extension.

Figure 22 shows an embodiment, and this embodiment has the hollow interior ring 21 of a filling and (also stuffer being supported in case of necessity) of central authorities that are configured to container has the inside body 38 of wall body 38A.The charges 39 of container can be such as being a kind of solid, a kind of pasty state or liquid material, or the congeries a kind of heterogeneous of related elements.

In Figure 23, also show cross-sectional structure with container.In the superincumbent part picture, shell be provided with filling, with the material of fluid, pasty state or with the container 38 of the central authorities of dusty material 39 fillings of compacting.In the part picture below, internal container 38B annular, that have wall body 38C and charges 39A is connected with the inside body 4B of the filling of central authorities by means of contact pin 38D.On request, described contact pin 38D is configured to independently (inertia or effective on pyrotechnic) functional component.

According to these embodiment, the embodiment of structure in the vertical section of a series of corresponding shells or bullet has been shown in Figure 24 to 51 corresponding to the cross-sectional structure of device of the present invention.

For example, Figure 24 shows a vertical section, this vertical section have shell fragment shell 2, be interrupted/explosive layer 3 of varied in thickness and the inside body 41 of multimember filling.Together show at this control element position of igniting element in other words be used for described explosive layer is installed.The inside body 41 of described filling is configured to two members at this.In this way, can realize that also different along the longitudinal direction shell fragment speed and/or different shell fragments distribute.In the bullet zone of shell or bottom section, control element igniting element 40 in other words can be installed, this be applicable to also certainly that other introduces according to bomb body of the present invention.

Figure 25 shows two kinds of schemes in the vertical section of shell, and this shell has the explosive thickness and the columniform shell fragment shell of variation.Top part picture shows a kind of arrangement, this arrangement has the explosive layer 42 of variation along the longitudinal direction and correspondingly configured stuffer, following part picture then shows another kind of scheme, and this scheme has shell fragment shell 43 that changes and the explosive layer 42A that changes aspect thickness.

In Figure 26, described explosive layer/inside body has a diameter transition.Shell shown in the superincumbent part picture has the explosive layer 44 that changes aspect the thickness, 45 vary in diameter with diameter transition or other design of described inside body in the inside body 45 with coherent filling.Following part picture then shows a shell, and this shell has the body or the penetrator with different-diameter of packing into of filling separately or penetrates ring 41A.Described inside body can be fulfiled different functions by its characteristic.

Figure 27 shows a kind of embodiment, and this embodiment has variable thickness and the columniform inside body 4 of described explosive shell 44A.Described shell fragment cover 45 and explosive layer 44A have diameter transition or continuous vary in diameter.

In embodiment illustrated in fig. 28, top scheme is provided with the shell fragment cover 45 of multimember explosive layer that separates 47 and coupling here.46 diameters that correspondingly demonstrate variation of inside body filling, classification.Shell shown in the part picture below then has explosive layer 48 coherent, that have vary in diameter.

By by arrangement of the present invention, the assembled scheme very efficiently that can realize shell fragment cover and explosive layer in technical simple especially mode is design in other words.From shell, related embodiment has been shown in Figure 29 to 31 by Figure 24.

For example, Figure 29 shows a kind of geometry that is used to obtain desired effect or preferred shell fragment direction of described shell fragment shell.Cause the direction control and the rotation of spring plate/shell fragment ring 40 here.In the vertical section, be provided with the inside body 4 of columniform filling here consistently for jagged explosive layer 49.Embodiment with explosive layer 49A separately shown in Figure 30 causes the direction control of described spring plate 50A.The inside body 4 of described filling has been done corresponding adjustment aspect geometry.Figure 31 shows and is used for the different shell fragment directions and the shell fragment coating 51 of shell fragment speed, and this shell fragment coating 51 has the explosive layer 49B of corresponding adjustment.

Figure 32 to 34 and 37 to 41 shows other design by device of the present invention that realizes by the combination with the shell assembly that passes through confirmation.Figure 35 and 36 embodiment that show the integrated/combination that is used for described device and penetrator.

Figure 32 shows two vertical sections, described vertical section have be in the inside, the spring plate 2 that has been coated with explosive and be in space 52 and the outer cover 53 (top part picture) of outer trajectory empty or the part filling and the bullet point (following part picture) of solid/filling between overcoat 14B and the spring plate.This schematic diagram is such as the shell of the low bore of representative, the unified shell that has the shell of bullet holder or have the less functional component of the diameter that is in the inside.

Figure 33 shows two and has complete (linking up) explosive coating 3 and 54 vertical section.Above the part picture show the bullet point zone 55 of bullet and the inside filling, following part picture has then the shown filling bullet point 56 of explosive.

Figure 34 shows a vertical section, this vertical section have in the interior zone 4 of the described filling of packing into, be the explosive body 57 of arbitrary shape in principle.Described explosive train component can cause local extra high horizontal shell fragment speed, causes in body 4 that perhaps even also desired effect such as compacting or mechanical load are until division or acceleration.

Figure 35 shows two vertical sections, and these two vertical sections have carbide alloy bullet core or heavy metal bullet core 58 (top part picture) and the cylinder (following part picture) elongated, that have tip 59 in the interior zone 4 of imbedding described filling respectively.Certain every kind of scheme can add the body that final trajectory is worked.The combination of shown here breakdown capability and fragmentation effect has covered wide especially sphere of action.

Figure 36 shows two kinds of embodiment, and they have (here for pointed) the bullet core 58A in the interior zone of imbedding described filling, this bullet core 58A then have focusing, tapered bullet core tail region 60 inwards.By means of storing explosive 61, can cause the acceleration and/or the division (top part picture) that play core 58A.Following part picture then shows one and plays core, and this bullet core has the afterbody 62 of most advanced and sophisticated 58B of classification and taper, and 62 of this afterbodys have storage explosive 61A centering, that the bullet core is quickened.This with arrow 60A in other words 62A represent to have the action direction of the design of the tail region that plays core and shell fragment cover.

Figure 37 shows two vertical sections, they have inside body 64 and corresponding explosive coating 63 and bullet point module 72, and this bullet point module 72 is used for the in axial direction directed moulding that improves fragmentation effect (top part picture) and have inside body 64, explosive surface 66 and a shell fragment cover 65 by filling and produces shell fragment orientation (following part picture).Together draw accordingly, represent arrow 72A, the 65A (also please refer to Figure 40) of action direction at this.

Figure 38 shows the vertical section corresponding to the following part picture of Figure 37, this vertical section has shell fragment shell 67 and additional shell fragment assembly, and described additional shell fragment assembly is in the shell fragment bag in other words in the shell fragment ring 68 with the functional component 68A (effect arrow 68B) that imbeds.Figure 39 shows two vertical sections, they have the explosive ring 69A (following) of the inside body 70A of filling of (here) twin-stage and the explosive coating 69 (top) that links up and incoherent explosive coating/separate, and wherein said inside body 70A has by the inside body 70 of the clogging fragmentation effect of the special formed orientation that causes of 70A in other words.

Figure 40 shows a kind of embodiment, this embodiment has spring plate 73 additional, elementary axial acceleration (73A represents with the effect arrow) in the front area of shell, described spring plate 73 quickens by the explosive surface 71 of described inside body 4 fillings equally by described shell fragment shell 3.

Figure 41 shows two vertical sections, and they have the explosive coating of part, and this explosive coating is the form (top) of body with filling of preposition bullet core/classification bullet core 74.Described preposition bullet core 74A also can separately pack into (following).This preposition bullet core 74 can such as by a kind of aspect the final trajectory efficiently material such as carbide alloy or heavy metal make, perhaps also can make such as the tungsten carbide of high fragility or the body of Pre-splitter by a kind of material more crisp, that under dynamic load, divide because of impact.It is mainly used in and punctures solid target plate.Improve or just can be implemented in the action effect on the sheet material of inclination by stair-stepping structure.

Figure 42 shows a cross-sectional structure, and this cross-sectional structure has according to of the present invention by explosive shell or bullet that quicken, that have single (being four) fan-shaped section 75 here.The action principle of described single fan-shaped section 75 embodiment that on its action principle, be equivalent to illustrate already, that have circular cross section.By segmentation and separator 76, can separate actuating to single fan-shaped section, described separator 76 not only can be a kind of structure/passive inwall, and can be the shock wave barrier layer.This embodiment therefore representative along the longitudinal direction/axial direction has the penetrator or the bullet of partial coating, exist the possibility of carrying out the regional area coating by shell fragment in the space on such penetrator or bullet.

Figure 43 shows a kind of embodiment, this embodiment has shell fragment shell 77 and explosive fan-shaped section 78, wherein said shell fragment shell 77 has the thickness of variation, and described explosive fan-shaped section 78 has (but can freely construct in principle) shape of cross section of (being four) lens shape here.The interior profile of described explosive fan-shaped section 78 is made of the inside body 9A of corresponding filling.Obviously, described shell fragment layer and explosive layer can extend dividually or consistently according to Figure 42.By means of described arrangement, can realize that the very big shell fragment of difference distributes, in Figure 43, be that a fan-shaped section is expressed shell fragment and distributed by arrow district 78A.

Figure 44 shows a kind of embodiment that is used for cross-sectional structure, and this cross-sectional structure has the inside body 9B of explosive surface 80 that is configured to protruding band and the filling that matches with it.Figure 45 shows a kind of respective embodiments, and this embodiment has the fan-shaped section 81 that (being eight) has explosive coating 80A here, and described explosive coating 80A is separated by surperficial 75A.Be in the overcoat 14 at the device that forms shell fragment described in Figure 44, then be exposed at (perhaps uniform) the band 79A that forms shell fragment described in Figure 45.In addition, this embodiment also has the ring 82 of central authorities, and the ring 82 of these central authorities is supporting the stuffer of described fan-shaped section 81.In addition, cylinder 82 can be hollow or can comprise central penetrator.

Figure 46 shows the vertical section of a bomb body 83 on the principle, and this bomb body 83 has the inside body of multimember filling, and this inside body can be made up of element radially, axial or combination.In this way, can the effect of filling is combined with the Pre-splitter of machinery, perhaps the different body with different machinery and physical property can be combined.

Figure 47 shows the cross-sectional structure by the shell of Figure 46, this shell has the inside body 84 of shell fragment shell and filling, and the inside body 84 is here constituted or is made of the material in the parent 85 that transmits pressure by (link up or the pile up) cylinder 86 with identical or different diameter.The zone 87 of central authorities can be made of penetrator, perhaps comes filling with single body equally.Can put into the assembly corresponding to Figure 12 of additional pyrotechnic at this.Cylinder 86 can have higher flexibility (length/diameter-ratio) or be made of the short cylinder of a pile.Figure 48 shows the embodiment of another kind by the cross-sectional structure of the shell of Figure 46, and this shell has the inside body 88 of filling segmentation, single or multiple lift and the penetrator 82A of central authorities.

Figure 49 shows the vertical section of the explosive layer-fragmentation shell 89 of the effect body that is configured to many members/multistage.This effect body can such as by different, by means of layer 91 that separate or related, have difference in functionality or the step of the structure space 90 of packing into constitutes.

In the embodiment that illustrates so far, show columniform shell fragment cover.Concerning corresponding to arrangement of the present invention, this of course not compulsory precondition.Or rather, the element of the acceleration by stratiform also can be realized shape arbitrarily to the assembly of outside under the situation of effectiveness not being carried out any restriction.The possibility of moulding aspect is not provided with any restriction thus.It is evident that equally, be not limited to single body corresponding to arrangement of the present invention.Just by the free degree in the moulding, can arrange the device of corresponding formation shell fragment in groups.

Figure 50 and 51 shows several embodiment for this reason.For example have foursquare cross section at spring plate described in Figure 50 92, this spring plate 92 is quickened by the explosive layer 3F corresponding to Figure 14.In Figure 51, as the embodiment of any moulding, the shell fragment cover has octagonal cross section 92A.Quicken at this explosive layer 3 by annular.

Certainly, the described arrangement of listing as embodiment not only can make up in shell, and can make up in bullet, as long as do meaningful like this.

Below principal character of the present invention and advantage are concluded:

The effect assembly of described formation shell fragment comprises the overcoat of shell fragment or inferior bullet in other words by one Individually compare very thin explosive layer with shell diameter or bullet diameter and accelerate.

To be reduced to bottom line to the necessary explosive charge of the acceleration of shell fragment. With traditional explosion Bullet is compared, in other words can be by bore and skill in the situation of inferior bullet speed in similar shell fragment speed The art structure reduces 50% to 80% with explosive charge.

The explosive charge of saving can be used as additional effective mass. Significantly enlarge thus and make in design The shell that shell fragment or inferior bullet accelerate or the leeway of bullet aspect.

The minimum thickness of explosive layer is determined on the basis of the in other words burning of guaranteeing to light a fire. By putting The igniting auxiliary member such as the blasting fuse that enter can be lighted very thin planar explosive layer. Equally can Freely select explosive, thereby can realize the very little thickness that is low to moderate 2 millimeters the order of magnitude.

By bigger explosive layer thickness, can correspondingly make according to the stuffer of inside thick outside The cover division accelerates to it very high speed in other words. For the order of magnitude fried that is in 20 millimeters The medicine layer reaches theoretic shell fragment maximum approx in the situation of very high inside filling degree Speed.

Described explosive layer can be configured to the form of hollow cylinder, and has and keep identical The wall thickness and/or the shape of cross section that perhaps change.

Described explosive layer can be used as film or as the body of arbitrarily moulding make in advance and Put into, inject or put in any way as being pressed into or sucking by vacuum. It can wrap Draw together one or more layers that stack up and down.

Shell or bullet can comprise a coherent explosive layer, perhaps not only in axial direction and And radially all consisted of by a plurality of explosive layers.

Described explosive layer can be uniformly or can comprise the basis that mixture is imbedded in other words Body.

Can be with the every kind of methods that can imagine, existing according to aspect demolition bomb or the bullet Technology is lighted in other words explosive district explosive fragment in other words of explosive layer.

By the structure of sparking mode and explosive layer and inside body, can in very wide boundary, change the fragmentation shell speed and the direction of inferior bullet in other words.

The body of the inside of described filling can be for single member or multimember.It can be made or be made up of it by material metal or nonmetallic.Thus, almost can select to use material various, that have different machinery, physics or chemical property without restriction.For example the inside body of even metal on the one side such as by the less metal of density such as making by magnesium, on opposite side, then make by density heavy metal body bigger, that have corresponding very high final trajectory ability or cemented carbide body (uniformly or segmentation).

By the performance (Hygoniot-performance) of described inside body under high voltage load, can determine its characteristic, in other words the material that can select to have specific dynamic property targetedly in conjunction with the technical pattern of the assembly of employed pyrotechnic and described shell or bullet.

Uniformly the inside body of the inertia of filling can by a kind of metal of the ability that under high pressure under the situation of high temperature appears in the part, responds or nonmetallic material make or comprise such material.

Produce such result by the assembled scheme on the inside body of filling, promptly (such as the use by different materials such as by inferior bullet being imbedded this mode in the fertile material) restriction is not set in practice to design bandwidth.

The inside body of described filling can be made by material fragility or that become fragile under dynamic load.Can make equally its Pre-splitter or machinery or hot aspect it is carried out preliminary treatment.

The inside body of described filling also can be configured to hollow cylinder or comprise a cavity on the cross section arbitrarily.This inner cavity can be again empty, perhaps can come filling with a kind of equally more or less material of filling.Produce another kind of being used for thus to described stuffer and thus to the speed of the overcoat that forms shell shell fragment or that launch inferior bullet or the bullet acceleration scheme of exerting one's influence in other words.

In a kind of special design, the inside body of described filling can be a container or comprise such container.The container that the cavity of described inside is put in other words can be such as coming filling with a kind of solid-state, pulverous, pasty state or liquid material.In addition, it can comprise a kind of material of the ability of responding such as a kind of flammable liquid.

Under the simplest situation, the overcoat of described shell or bullet is uniform.In order to support shell fragment to form it is being carried out can using all and corresponding method of employed technical merit and technology on traditional fragmentation shell aspect the preliminary treatment.

The overcoat that obtains quickening also can completely or partially be made up of preformed shell fragment or inferior bullet.Described layer even can be body or be placed between explosive and the overcoat as layer.By this structure, also can be at the layer of putting into Pre-splitter between explosive layer and the overcoat or the very crisp layer layer that under dynamic load, becomes fragile in other words.

On bigbore shell or bullet, also it is contemplated that, arrange that between described explosive layer and top layer this intermediate layer also can comprise solid-state material or single body with the intermediate layer of pasty state or liquid material filling.

Between the inside body of described explosive layer and filling, a layer that described stuffer is carried out dynamic support can be arranged.Its action principle is determined by the acoustic impedance of the material that is participated in.

Between described explosive layer and shell fragment cover, can add a medium that plays dynamic cushioning effect equally as the layer that reduces acceleration shock.

Described explosive layer can constitute by the surface of association or by radially or the surface that separates of axial direction constitute.

Described explosive layer can have any shaped surface (profile), thereby can realize that local different shell fragment forms effect and local different shell fragment speed.

The shape of the stuffer by described inside, described explosive layer can and the shell axis between shape at an angle.Shell fragment or inferior bullet can quicken under the situation of control the recipient thus.Described device not only can be arranged on (such as in bullet point zone) on the certain location of shell, perhaps also can extend on whole surface.

Described explosive layer has the shape of hollow cylinder usually.This hollow cylinder can open wide on the end, perhaps seals in one or both sides by means of explosive layer end face or the tail side.

On whole penetrator length, can put into explosive dish (explosive bridge (Sprengstoffbr ü cken)).Can in axial direction quicken such as inside body thus.

By the explosive coating of end face, the part of bullet point is quickened.In addition, the bullet point of shell or bullet can completely or partially come filling with explosive.

Bullet point or bullet point zone also can perhaps comprise such body by forming at effective inertia body aspect the final trajectory, are used for causing by these assemblies the effect of final trajectory.

Other design according to device of the present invention obtains by the inner this mode of inside body of the assembly of additional pyrotechnic being put into described filling.This assembly or can light by the blast of described explosive layer, or can directly trigger.On described device, such as from the shell fragment in overcoat zone replenishing of inferior bullet in other words, the element that radially quickens of region generating internally.

Function and efficient according to device of the present invention do not rely on stability types.Therefore, the effect body can be shell, flying body explosion parts, the parts of shell or the functional component of torpedo of rocket in other words of emission gun.

Reference numerals list

The 1A spin stabilization, have shell fragment shell 2, explosive layer 3 and an inside body 4

Explosive layer-fragmentation shell

The 1B arrow stable, have shell fragment shell 2, explosive layer 3 and an inside body 4

Explosive layer-fragmentation shell

The body of 2 shell fragments cover/shell fragment shell/formation shell fragment

2A has in principle arbitrarily the shell fragment of (being octagonal) interior cross section here

Cover

3 explosive shell/explosive coatings/explosive layer/explosive surface/pyrotechnic layer

3A has in principle arbitrarily the explosive of (here for polygonal) interior cross section

Shell

3B has in principle arbitrarily the explosive of (here for octagonal) external cross section

Layer

3C has in principle arbitrarily the explosive layer of (here for rectangle) cross section

3D with the explosive filling, the intermediate gaps between 27 and 2

The stuffer of the inside body of 4 fillings/inside

4A is used for 20 stuffer

The inside body of 4B central authorities

4C has the inside body of surface texture

The inner casing of the inside body of 5 hollow fillings/filling/interior ring/support ring

5A second (the inside) filling layer

6 (having arbitrary cross section) central cavity

Second inside body of 7 (being central here) filling

The penetrator of 7A inside body/central authorities

8 has in principle arbitrarily the filling of (being octagonal cross section here)

Inside body

9 have in principle (arbitrarily) here for the filling of octagonal cross section

Inside body

The inside body of 9A filling

The inside body of 9B filling

The inside body of 9C filling

10 explosive fan-shaped section between 9 and 2

The explosive fan-shaped section of 10A between 9 and 2

11 have in principle arbitrarily the central authorities of (here for leg-of-mutton) cross section

Body

12 between 11 and 3 inertia/fan-shaped section of transmission of pressure (uniformly or

The person comprises body)/fan-shaped section of shell fragment formed

The inertia of 12A between 3C and 2/fan-shaped section of transmission of pressure (uniformly or

The person comprises body)/fan-shaped section of shell fragment formed

13 play the layer of dynamic effect between 9 and 3

13A plays the layer of dynamic effect between 5 and 7

13B plays the layer of dynamic effect between 3 and 2

13C plays the layer of dynamic effect between 2 and 14

The shell fragment ring of 14 outsides

14A body/shell shell/top layer

14B body/bullet wall

15 shell fragment/comprise annular surfaces of preformed element between 14 and 3

16 bury body among the 16A/preformed shell fragment/preformed shell

The parent of 16A 15

17 have the inside body (central authorities or dispersion) of the igniting element 18 of imbedding

18 imbed the igniting element (blasting fuse) in 17

The igniting element of 18A in 10A, 18

18B puts into the igniting element of 10A/have arbitrary shape and arbitrary cross section

Harness

The explosive layer of 19 outsides

The explosive layer of 20 inside

The shell fragment ring of the effect shell/inside of 21 inside (is used for 19 stuffer and usefulness

In 20 shell fragment cover)

The body of the powder charge of 22 central authorities (blasting fuse)/pyrotechnic

22A is used to make 26 radially to quicken or the explosive body of the central authorities of division

23 multimember (being divided into four fan-shaped section-cross sections 24 here) inner this

Body

24 23 discrete component

25 separator/separate layers between element 24

26 inside body multimember, that be shaped arbitrarily in principle are (here by four circles

Cylinder 27 27A in other words constitutes)

27 cylinders/have in principle arbitrarily (being circular here) cross section

Body

27A has in principle arbitrarily the body of (being circular) cross section here

28 the central body of inertia in 26/ inner space/cavity

29 wall thickness with variation/have otch/the have shell fragment cover of internal structure 30

30 otch/internal structure

31 have the explosive layer of structurized exterior contour

31A explosive element/explosive contact pin

32 have the shell fragment cover of structurized/inboard of occupying with drip molding

33 have the blast shell of otch

34 have the explosive layer of vary in diameter/diameter transition/breach/otch on the inboard

35 segmentations/interrupt/(constituting) explosive layer of tab shaped by surface element

36 explosives band/explosive surface element

36A explosive band/explosive fan-shaped section

37 separate layer/separating element/separation band/separation grids between 36A

Container/the inside body of 38 central authorities

The wall body of 38A 38

The container of 38B intermediate layer form

The wall body of 38C 38B

38D contact pin/support/syndeton

The content of 39 fillers/38

Content/fluid ring of 39A filler/38B

40 control elements/igniting element

The body of 41 multimember/multistage filling

The body of the multimember filling of 41A (identical or different diameter)

42 have the explosive layer (internal diameter is variable) of the thickness of variation here

42A is as 42, outer radius variable

43 have the shell fragment cover of the thickness of variation

44 have the explosive shell of (being inner) diameter transition/vary in diameter here

44A diameter transition/vary in diameter

The shell fragment cover of 45 classifications/the have shell fragment cover of the thickness of variation

The inside body of 46 classifications

47 separate/multimember explosive shell

48 have the explosive shell of diameter transition/vary in diameter

49 are used for the explosive shell (linking up) of directed fragmentation effect here

49A is by explosive shell that single section/annular surface adjustment, that separate is formed

49B is structurized (here by the annular surface group with circular element-cross section

Become) the explosive shell

50 are used to obtain the shell fragment coating of orientation

The shell fragment coating of the segmentation of 50A 49A

The 51 shell fragment covers that constitute by the ring of projection

52 2 and 14B between cavity (empty or have internal structure)

53 have the outer cover of the bullet point/outer trajectory of explosive shell 54

Explosive layer in 54 53

55 the inside body of filling in 53

The bullet point of the medium charge of 56 usefulness explosive/pyrotechnics

57 imbed the explosive body in 4

58 imbed penetrator in 4 (be here carbide alloy-, heavy metal-or steel-

Play core 58)

58A has the bullet core of afterbody-interior cone 60

58B has the bullet core of the afterbody 62 of taper

59 imbed the penetrator/cylinder of the central authorities in 4

60 afterbody-interior cone in 58A

The 60A arrow, the action direction in expression explosive district 61

61 explosive districts on the afterbody of 58A are used to make 58A acceleration/division

The explosive district of 61A on the afterbody of 58B is used to make 58B to quicken

The tapered tail of 62 58B

The 62A arrow, the action direction of expression explosive district 61A

63 are used for the explosive coating of the axial fragmentation effect of part enhancing

64 inside body in 63

The inside body of 64A in 65

65 have the shell fragment cover of axial fragmentation effect

The 65A arrow, the expression action direction

66 explosive shells

67 shell fragment shells are corresponding to having 65 of shell fragment bag 68

68 shell fragments bag/shell fragment ring

68A buries the body in 68

The 68B arrow, the action direction of expression shell fragment bag 67

69 have the explosive cover of inside diameter-variable, are used for directed shell fragment and quicken

69A be used for the explosive cover element that directed shell fragment quickens (have here segmentation/

Multistage explosive layer)

The inside body of 70 fillings has the outline that is used for directed fragmentation effect

The inside body of 70A filling has the outline that is used for directed fragmentation effect

The explosive district of 71 axial action

72 have the bullet point module of directed fragmentation effect

73 arrows, the expression action direction

The 73A arrow, the action direction of the shell fragment coating of table 73

The inside body with part explosive coating of 74 fillings

74A is multimember, have the inside body of step bullet point

75 have the fan-shaped section of inside body of the filling of cylindrical profile

75A has the fan-shaped section of inside body of the filling of cylindrical profile

76 interfaces

77 shell fragment shells

78 lentiform explosive fan-shaped section/the have fan-shaped section of any cross section

The 78A arrow, the expression action direction

79 shell fragment fan-shaped section

79A shell fragment fan-shaped section

The shell fragment fan-shaped section 79A that 79B quickens

That 79C divides and quicken shell fragment fan-shaped section 79A

The 80 explosive rings that constitute by the fan-shaped section of arbitrary shape

The explosive fan-shaped section of 80A arbitrary shape

81 have the fan-shaped section of inside body of the filling of any profile

82 inside body, the penetrator of central authorities

The 82A inside body, the penetrator of central authorities

83 press that segmented mode constitutes/inside body of the filling formed

84 rings of forming by the rod/cylinder with any cross section/body

85 separate layers between 80

86 have the rod/cylinder/body of any cross section

The body of 87 central authorities

88 press the ring that segmented mode constitutes

89 have the shell of the inside body of different fillings

The section of 90 inertia

Element/the separate layer of the inertia of 91 spacing/bufferings

92 have arbitrarily the shell fragment ring/shell fragment shell of (being foursquare) shape here

92A has arbitrarily the shell fragment ring/shell fragment shell of (being octagonal) shape here

Claims (44)

1. form the shell of shell fragment or inferior bullet or form the bullet of the shell of shell fragment, explosive coating with part, it is characterized in that, the body (2) that forms shell fragment is arranged in respect on the thin explosive layer (3) of shell diameter, and this explosive layer (3) itself surrounds the inside body (4) of this explosive layer of filling (3).

2. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that the thickness of described explosive layer (3) is between 2 millimeters and 20 millimeters.

3. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that the approach by foundry engieering or add or be pressed into or add described explosive layer (3) by vacuum as preformed body.

4. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that described explosive layer (3) has the shape of hollow cylinder, this hollow cylinder has maintenance wall thickness and/or shape of cross section identical or that change.

5. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that described explosive layer (3) is a body uniform or that comprise mixture or imbed.

6. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that point-like ground, wire ground or on one or more positions, light single explosive fan-shaped section (8) or a plurality of explosive layer circlewise.

7. by claim 1 or 6 described shell or bullets, it is characterized in that, by time faze, influence fuse or bump fried formula fuse, by being subjected to programme controlled signal or lighting a fire by means of radio.

8. by claim 1 and 7 described shell or bullets, it is characterized in that, by advanced ignition, igniting simultaneously or sequentially fired (staggering in time) lighting a plurality of explosive elements (8).

9. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that described inside body (4) is configured to (metal or nonmetallic) of single member or multimember.

10. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that described inside body (4) is made by material fragility or that become fragile under dynamic load.

11., it is characterized in that described inside body (4) comprises inferior bullet (steel, carbide alloy, heavy metal) by described shell of claim 9 or bullet.

12. by described shell of claim 9 or bullet, it is characterized in that, described inside body (4) Pre-splitter or machinery or hot aspect carried out preliminary treatment.

13., it is characterized in that described inside body (4) is the penetrator of uniform or segmentation or comprises such penetrator by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

14., it is characterized in that described inside body (4) comprises a plurality of identical or different inferior bullet/inside body by described shell of claim 9 or bullet.

15., it is characterized in that described inferior bullet surrounds the space of inertia by described shell of claim 14 or bullet.

16., it is characterized in that described inside body (4) has cross section arbitrarily by claim 1 or 14 described shell or bullets.

17., it is characterized in that described inside body (4) is container or comprises container by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

18. by described shell of claim 17 or bullet, it is characterized in that, come the described inside body/container of filling with medium inertia or that respond ability.

19. by claim 1 and 16 described shell or bullets, it is characterized in that, described inside body (4) by under pressure load or the medium that under temperature effect, has a respond make.

20., it is characterized in that described shell radially has two or more explosive layers by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

21. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that, described explosive layer (3) by the surface of association or by radially and/or the surface that separates of axial direction constitute.

22., it is characterized in that described explosive layer (3) and shell axis shape are at an angle by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

23., it is characterized in that described explosive layer (3) is made of fan-shaped section that separate or that be connected, that have the arbitrary surfaces shape by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

24., it is characterized in that the described overcoat that obtains quickening (2) completely or partially is made up of preformed shell fragment or inferior bullet by each described shell or bullet in the aforementioned claim.

25., it is characterized in that described shell fragment/inferior bullet obtains quickening the recipient by described shell of claim 24 or bullet under the situation of control.

26. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that, between described explosive layer (3) and body (2), put into spring plate.

27., it is characterized in that described spring plate is embedded in the parent by described shell of claim 26 or bullet.

28., it is characterized in that the layer of being made by fragile material is arranged by described shell of claim 1 or bullet between described explosive layer (3) and body (2).

29., it is characterized in that the described layer that stores explosive is positioned at body inside by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

30. by described shell of claim 29 or bullet, it is characterized in that, between described explosive layer (3) and body (2), have cavity.

31. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that, between described explosive layer (3) and body (2), insert fluid hull.

32. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that, between described explosive layer (3) and body (2), have the medium of dynamic damping.

33. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that, between described explosive layer (3) and inside body (4), have the layer that bolus effect is dynamically supported.

34., it is characterized in that the vertical section of described explosive layer (3) has shape (profile) arbitrarily by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

35., it is characterized in that described explosive layer (3) has same thickness or has different profiles in a side on its whole length by described shell of claim 34 or bullet.

36. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that described explosive layer (3) is a hollow cylinder, this hollow cylinder has end or intermediate layer (explosive bridge) one-sided or the bilateral sealing.

37., it is characterized in that the inside body of being put into is in axial direction quickened by explosive element by claim 1 or 36 described shell or bullets.

38., it is characterized in that the inside body of described filling (4) comprises the element of pyrotechnic by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

39., it is characterized in that described shell in axial direction is configured to single-stage or multistage by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

40. by described shell of claim 1 or bullet, it is characterized in that described shell has bullet point (1C), this bullet point (1C) partly or is fully used the explosive filling.

41., it is characterized in that the bullet point of described shell or bullet point zone are made of the parts in effective inertia aspect the final trajectory by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

42., it is characterized in that described effect body is combined by single assembly by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

43., it is characterized in that described effect body is spin stabilization or stable aspect air force by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

44., it is characterized in that described effect body is the explosion parts of explosion parts, bomb or torpedo of shell, the flying body of emission gun by described shell of claim 1 or bullet.

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