EP1893935B1 - Projectile or warhead - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to obtain great final ballistic effectiveness of fragmentation bullets and warheads regardless of the impact speed while using as little explosive material as possible. Said aim is achieved by combining explosive shell (3) with a damming inner member (4) in connection with an accelerated outer jacket (2). This arrangement results in the best possible conversion of the explosive energy while offering great creative flexibility regarding the design. A wide range of additional possible effects is created by blast-compacting the inner damming member (4). Furthermore, the shape of the inner damming member allows the fragments to obtain a directionally controlled effect. Depending on the caliber and technical design, the amount of explosive material used can be reduced by 50 to 80 percent compared to conventional explosive bullets at comparable fragment speeds or sub-bullet speeds. The explosive material economized is available as additional effective mass. The accelerated jacket (2) can also be entirely or partly composed of preformed fragments or sub-bullets.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a fragment or sub-projectile projectile or warhead.

2. Technical background

Explosive projectiles are used to achieve end-ballistic effects with areal easy targets, regardless of the impact velocity of a projectile or warhead by means of explosive-accelerated splinters with a high initial velocity. Such explosive projectiles are characterized in that their volume is taken up for the most part by explosives. By their design, projectiles or explosives-filled warheads contain a relatively large mass of explosives, which is not effective to a considerable extent or partially for physical reasons can not be effective at all. The constructive scope is so limited in the previously known ammunition and focuses on the design of the fragmentation shell and the pyrotechnic components.

In shatter-forming projectiles, the distribution of sufficiently fast accelerated fragments to the largest possible target area or the occupying of the largest possible space (depth) is the decisive factor. However, this goal can only be achieved to a limited extent in the case of pure blasting projectiles, since with a detonation the control possibilities with respect to fragment formation and fragmentation distribution are limited. In conjunction with a sufficient impact velocity of the projectile and the use of relatively small quantities of explosives, the abovementioned requirements have hitherto only been achieved with so-called ALP projectiles (Active Lateral Effective Penetrators). In these laterally dispersive, active projectiles based on the PELE principle (penetrators with increased lateral action), however, the achievable lateral velocities are limited, depending on the type and mass of the pyrotechnic composition used and the structural design. This quite corresponds to the objective of such penetrators or warheads, since the actual end ballistic performance is provided by the projectile velocity. The functional principle of a projectile according to the ALP principle is the active decomposition of a penetrator before reaching the target in fragments or sub-projectiles. The speed of these components results from the small amount of explosive used, the energy is transmitted via an inert transmission medium according to the shockwave theory and the materials used to the outer active component. The speeds of these active components are between a few m / s and about 200 m / s. The effectiveness or the breakdown power of the active parts is thus dependent primarily on the impact velocity on ALP projectiles as in conventional balancing projectiles.

Previously known at blasting systems arrangements are limited to the charge structure and the design of the splinter shell. A representative example of charge buildup describes this U.S. Patent 5,243,916 , It is primarily a lesser ammunition sensitivity can be achieved by a explosive internal explosive component is surrounded by a slower component. The main purpose of modifications is to ensure the detonation of the entire charge in order to achieve a sufficient splitter speed. In principle, however, these are pure fragmentation projectiles of conventional type. The interface between the explosive components is preferably of star-shaped design. There are given a variety of possible combinations, which differ essentially only by the explosive content of the mixtures and different additives. The outer layer can also consist of a chemically reacting substance, for example for gas production.

In the case of warheads and missiles, it is the stated goal to achieve the most gentle acceleration of sub-projectiles or externally mounted containers by means of explosive deposits by means of special superstructures. As a state of knowledge, the two scriptures DE 35 22 008 C2 and EP 0 718 590 A1 be used. So results in the DE 35 22 008 C2 the fragmentation effect of the missile 10 from the shell 12 of the warhead 11 to the Engine 16. It is generally stated that a certain jacket thickness is sufficient to produce the desired breakdown performance. This refers exclusively to targets to be controlled by missiles. A transfer to ammunition is not possible. Also, no physical laws are addressed and no general design rules are mentioned. When hitting the entire body is largely or completely hollow, so there is no Dämämmseffekt. The claim that it is not necessary to dispose a high explosive mass over the entire cross-section of the missile in order to achieve a high penetration rate, refers to the explosive bending of the inside hollow warhead jacket. Because the interior of the missile is undoubtedly formed by the drive, the control devices and a Wirkladung. The inner jacket 12c has no function associated with the splitter jacket. Instead, it represents the housing of the engine with the control elements. This is also expressed by the fact that an insulating layer 19 of heat-insulating material is arranged between this jacket 12c and the explosive coating. The decisive advantage of an internal damming, which is equivalent to the influence of the explosive thickness in its effect on the achievable splitter speed, is not addressed and can not occur in the proposed arrangement.

The EP 0 718 590 A1 , which forms a basis for the preamble of claim 1, describes the active part of a rocket or a warhead, which accelerates preformed elements to increase the lateral effectiveness by means of a circular cross-sectional explosive occupancy. The main objective of the described construction is to convert the high detonation velocity of the explosive layer into a relatively low velocity of propagation of the accelerated elements or active parts. The explosive ring 43 accelerating the active parts is initiated via a ring of pellets (ignition elements 82). The explosive jacket 43 is basically in its construction and in its function with the in the DE 35 22 008 identical arrangement described. Due to the property of the explosive or of the explosive mixture, in particular the propagation velocity in connection with the dimensioning of the surrounding sub-projectiles (56) is influenced.

Furthermore, projectiles are known which contain a pyrotechnic charge to increase the end-ballistic effect. As a representative example that serves U.S. Patent 3,302,570 , It describes a type of bullet designed primarily for the purpose of breaking armored steel protection structures while minimizing the required projectile energy. This goal is achieved by a massive penetrator with a relatively small diameter and relatively large length of heavy metal as the core of the projectile structure. In addition, the effect in or behind the target should be increased by the use of explosives or fire. The effect of two incendiary devices and the bullet-specific disruption processes are named as factors in addition to the actual target strike.

A high density combustible material encloses a penetrator with a thickened head. The material of high density surrounding the penetrator gives the penetrator additional mass and thus projectile energy and also penetrates through the hole punched by the penetrator head. Due to the larger diameter of the head stripping of the combustible material should be prevented. By breaking the penetrator when passing through harder targets, the combustible material is ignited and splinters are generated or burned spent in the target. In the rear of the projectile, the central penetrator and the combustible material surrounding it are surrounded by the actual projectile body, which is required to stabilize the projectile in the pipe and in flight. By means of a cutting edge on the hardened front edge of the projectile body, the hole of the target material already penetrated by the central main penetrator is to be enlarged and caused by entrainment of target material greater damage inside. To fill the space between the central penetrator (13) and the projectile body (17), another layer of low density combustible material (16) is introduced. The additional layer should hold the central penetrator in its position. When smashing the bullet when entering harder targets, the incendiary charges are ignited. The inventive approach is therefore different from the present invention. In the US 3,302,570 Flammable materials are transported to the target, which are ignited due to the end ballistic processes. There is no talk of pressure build-up in the interior of the projectile. This bullet shape is not Explosive projectile in the true sense. A function according to the present invention is not intended and is not addressed indirectly.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is based on the consideration that in conventional blasting projectiles, a significant proportion of the pyrotechnic components can not make any appreciable contribution to splinter acceleration. As a result of the detonation of the explosive, it is dissociated, and the splinter shell is essentially accelerated by the resulting reaction gases. The lateral acceleration of the splinter shell causes a direct increase in volume and thus relaxation, so that the pressure components of the explosive inner body can only deliver a correspondingly reduced acceleration component.

The aim of the present invention is an end ballistic high efficiency of fragment-forming projectiles and warheads regardless of the impact velocity when using the lowest possible explosive mass. This is achieved by combining an explosive casing with a damming inner body in conjunction with an accelerated to high speed outer shell. By this arrangement, not only the best possible implementation of the explosive energy is achieved, but it also opens up a large constructive scope for the design of such ammunition or warheads. The achievable with relatively low explosives occupancy splinter or sub-floor speeds are between a few 100 m / s to near 2,000 m / s and are thus close to those of pure blasting. The explosive compression of the inner damming body results in a wide field of additional possibilities of action. In particular, it is possible to use the inner body to increase the performance of the entire system. Examples include the use of special materials, multilayer arrangements, the introduction of sub-floors and the integration of an additional central pyrotechnic component for disassembly and / or acceleration of the inner body. Furthermore, a direction-controlled effect of the splitter can be achieved by the design of the inner damming, in conventional explosive projectiles in this form not possible. Special effects can also be achieved by integrating reactive damming components in the penetrator or warhead interior. In conjunction with constructive advantages and the possibility of using further active components, the overall performance of the splinters of accelerating ammunition proposed here is far above those of known explosive projectiles or special munitions.

Essentially, the present invention relies on the effect of internal containment coupled with significantly lower explosive mass to achieve comparable slab or sub-bunker speeds as compared to conventional explosive projectiles. An estimate of the achievable splitter speed is made below.

Basically, the velocity of the envelope is determined by three largely independent effects: the mass distribution between the shell to be accelerated and the inner support, the energy of the explosive layer (energy per unit volume and thickness), and the considered area element size (influenced by the forming element) splitter sizes). This circumstance is illustrated by the theoretical estimate of the fragmentation speed, which can be done, for example, using the Gurney equation known from the relevant literature. There are two approaches to the present arrangement: one assumes a cylindrical shape, the other is based on a development of the cylindrical structure in order to obtain a planar surface element. This would then correspond in a first approximation to a reactive protection arrangement. Not only does the mass distribution of the two accelerated sheets (ie the damming ratio) play a decisive role, but also the sandwich size. With a 10 mm thick explosive layer and a 5 mm thick steel casing as well as a strong one-sided damming, for example, according to Gurney, velocities of 1,500 m / s result for very large areas. With a 10 mm thick rear sheet still 750 m / s are calculated. With a narrow sandwich (strip) about 60% of these values are still reached.

Further calculation examples: Without boundary effects (ie assuming a sufficiently extended element size), the theoretical speed is 5 mm steel coverage, large explosive thickness (> 20 mm) and high internal containment above 2,000 m / s. With a shell thickness of 5 mm and a 5 mm thick explosive layer and an inner damming by a hollow aluminum cylinder with a thickness of 20 mm, the initial splitter speed in the order of 1,000 m / s and the speed of the inwardly accelerated hollow cylinder due the relatively low attenuation still at about 500 m / s. When combining an 8 mm thick steel shell with a 20 mm thick layer of explosive and a different internal insulation, the values vary between 800 m / s (high damming) and 200 m / s (low damming). These calculation examples also show that with arrangements according to the present invention it is possible to cover a wide range of splitter and sub-floor speeds, respectively.

mit D als Detonationsgeschwindigkeit, M als Masse der Hülle (des Behälters, der Belegung) und C als Explosivstoffmasse. Dabei kann D/3 als gute Annäherung an die charakteristische Gurney-Geschwindigkeit angenommen werden. Die Splittergeschwindigkeit ist also proportional zur Detonationsgeschwindigkeit des verwendeten Sprengstoffs. Für allgemeine Überlegungen kann für D/3 von Werten zwischen 2.600 m/s und 3.000 m/s (Mittelwert 2.800 m/s) ausgegangen werden. Diese Formulierung ist hilfreich, da zumeist eher die Detonationsgeschwindigkeit als die Gurney-Geschwindigkeit bekannt ist.When estimating the fragmentation velocity of cylindrical structures, a Gurney equation is applicable to explosive munitions of conventional design: $$\mathrm{v}\mathrm{=}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{3}{\left(\mathrm{M}\mathrm{/}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{+}\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{5}\right)}^{\mathrm{-}\mathrm{0}\mathrm{.}\mathrm{5}}$$

with D as the rate of detonation, M as the mass of the envelope (of the container, the occupancy) and C as the explosive mass. In this case, D / 3 can be assumed to be a good approximation to the characteristic Gurney speed. The splitter speed is thus proportional to the detonation velocity of the explosive used. For general considerations, D / 3 values between 2,600 m / s and 3,000 m / s (mean 2,800 m / s) can be assumed. This formulation is helpful, since it is usually the detonation velocity that is known rather than the Gurney velocity.

The following calculation examples are intended to illustrate the conditions in this approach: With an outer diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of the shell of 10 mm (inner diameter 80 mm) and a thickness of the explosive layer of 5 mm results in splinter / shell speed 25% of the Gurney speed , At an inner diameter of 40 mm (ie at 20 mm explosive layer thickness) results in 45% of the Gurney speed, ie about 1,260 m / s. With an inside diameter of 60 mm and a 10 mm thick explosive layer, 35% of the Gurney speed (about 1,000 m / s) is calculated. When filled with explosives shell yielding 50% of the Gurney speed, ie about 1,400 m / s. With ideal one-sided (inner) damming and a very thick explosive layer (> 30 mm), the gurney speed is approximately reached for large areas (or diameters).

About the inner damming, which is a key feature of the invention, the optimal implementation of the explosive energy in fragmentation speed, so that correspondingly high speeds at relatively low explosive thicknesses possible. The influence of the inner damming can be taken into account by a factor, which should be called the Damming Factor (VF). It is dependent on the sizes M / C, M _{inner-insulation} / M- _shell , Rho- _core , sigma- _core and the Hygoniot-properties of the inner medium. The following estimates can be assumed: Thick sheaths and thick explosive layers as well as thin sheaths and thick explosive layers result in a factor of 1.1 to 1.2. This corresponds to a speed increase of 10% to 20%. A thick shell, combined with a thin explosive layer and a thin shell with a thick layer of explosives, results in a damming factor of 1.2 to 1.3 (20% to 30% increase in speed). This not only very high splintering speeds and corresponding explosives can be achieved very high splitter speeds up to about 2,000 m / s and strong shell fragmentation, but on the other hand on low damming inner body and inert explosives achieve relatively low splinter or sub-floor speeds with correspondingly gentle acceleration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 A

Fundamental structure of a spin-stabilized explosive layer fragmentation projectile with splinter shell, explosive layer and damming inner body as well as control and ignition elements.

Fig. 1 B

Basic structure of an aerodynamically stabilized explosive layer-splitter projectile with splinter shell, explosive layer and damming inner body as well as control and ignition elements.

Fig. 2

Example of the cross-sectional design of an explosive layer fragmentation projectile with splinter shell, explosive layer and damming inner body.

Fig. 3

Cross-section through an explosive layer chippings bullet with damming inner ring or damming hollow inner body.

Fig. 4

Cross section through an explosive layer chipboard with multi-layer damming internal structure.

Fig. 5

Example of the cross-sectional configuration with a circular outer cross section and any (here octagonal) inner cross section of the explosive layer.

Fig. 6

Example of the cross section design with damming inner body and circular inner cross section and any (here octagonal) outer cross section of the explosive layer.

Fig. 7

Example of the cross-sectional configuration with arbitrary (here square) cross section of the damming inner body and segmented detonation cross section / explosive surface segments (here: separated by the inner body with simultaneous or non-simultaneous ignition).

Fig. 8

Example of the cross-sectional configuration with an inner body of any (here triangular) cross-section and inert, pressure-transmitting compensation segments between inner body and explosive layer.

Fig. 9

Cross-section with several (here two) damming hollow inner bodies and a dynamically acting layer between the explosive layer and inner damming (top) and / or between the different inner dammings (bottom).

Fig. 10

Cross-section with damming inner body and a dynamically acting layer between explosive layer and splinter shell.

Fig. 11

Example of the outer sheath / bullet jacket cross-section design and underlying fragmentation shroud (top) and an additional, dynamically acting layer between explosive layer and fragment sheath (bottom).

Fig. 12

Example of the cross-sectional design with outer shell and fragment body / preformed projectiles / intermediate layer containing thermal or mechanical fragmentation measures.

Fig. 13

Example of the cross-sectional configuration with (here square) damming inner body and explosive segments with planar / linear / punctiform ignition device in the explosive layer (top) or with introduced into the inner body ignition elements.

Fig. 14

Example of the cross-sectional design with arbitrarily (in this case square) shaped explosive surface and pressure-transmitting segments between explosive layer and fragment shell or projectile casing.

Fig. 15

Example of the cross-sectional design with two-layer explosive coating and two layers of insulation.

Fig. 16

Example of a projectile or a warhead with a multipart inner body (here consisting of four circle segments of the same or dissimilar material) with a central pyrotechnic body.

Fig. 17

Example of a bullet or a warhead with multipart inner body (here four cylindrical penetrators) with central pyrotechnic body (top) or inert central body or empty interior volume.

Fig. 18

Example of the cross-sectional design with projectile casing / geometrically shaped inner surface of the fragmentation shell / correspondingly shaped explosive layer and inner insulation.

Fig. 19

Example of the cross-sectional design with geometrically shaped inner surface of the splinter shell and correspondingly shaped explosive layer.

Fig. 20

Example of cross-section design with geometrically shaped inner surface of the explosive layer (top) or explosive longitudinal stripes or explosive surface elements (bottom).

Fig. 21

Example of the cross-sectional design with internal insulation and in the explosive layer introduced separating elements or geometric structures (here longitudinal strips).

Fig. 22

Example of the cross-sectional design with a hollow cylindrical inner ring and a central / damming inner body designed as a container.

Fig. 23

Example of the cross-sectional configuration with a damming central container (top) or a central inner body and a provided with webs space between the explosive layer and inner body.

Fig. 24

Example of a longitudinal section with splinter shell, explosive layer, damming (here two-part) inner body and control or
Ignition elements for the explosive layer.

Fig. 25

Example of a longitudinal section with variable explosive thickness and cylindrical fragment shell (top) and with variable fragment shell and explosive thickness (bottom).

Fig. 26

Example of a longitudinal section with explosive layer / inner diameter jump (above) or split damming body / inserted penetrator body or penetrator ring (below).

Fig. 27

Example of a longitudinal section with diameter jump of splinter shell and explosive layer.

Fig. 28

Example of a longitudinal section with multi-part (here separated) explosive layers and (here) different splinter shell diameter (top) or continuous explosive layer with a diameter jump (bottom).

Fig. 29

Example of the geometric design of the splinter shell to achieve desired effects or preferred splitter directions. Here: Direction control and rotation of the fragment body / splinter rings and continuous explosive layer with cylindrical damming inner body.

Fig. 30

Example of the geometric design of the splinter shell to achieve desired effects or preferred splitter directions. Here: Direction control of the fragment bodies and separate explosive layers and geometrically adapted damming inner body.

Fig. 31

Example of the geometric design of the splinter shell to achieve desired effects or preferred splitter directions. Here: explosive charge for different splinter directions and splitter speeds.

Fig. 32

Example of a longitudinal section through an explosive layer chipboard or warhead with internal explosive occupied fragment body and a space between the outer shell and Sliver body and an empty or partially filled outer ballistic hood (top) or a solid / filled top (bottom).

Fig. 33

Example of a longitudinal section with complete explosive coverage (projectile body and tip area - top) and explosive-filled tip (bottom).

Fig. 34

Example of a longitudinal section with an explosives body inserted into the damming interior.

Fig. 35

Example of a longitudinal section with a core embedded in the damming inner area (top) or a slender cylinder with a top (bottom).

Fig. 36

Example of a longitudinal section with a pointed core embedded in the damming inner area with focusing / decaying explosive deposit (top) or core with step tip and centering (core accelerating) explosive deposit (bottom).

Fig. 37

Example of a longitudinal section with geometrically designed inner body and corresponding explosive assignment for directional splintering effect (top) or with splitter directivity by shaping of damming inner body, explosive surface and splinter casing (bottom).

Fig. 38

Example of a longitudinal section accordingly Fig. 37 with additional splitter components.

Fig. 39

Example of a longitudinal section with (here) two-stage directional fragmentation effect and continuous explosive charge (top) and non-continuous explosive charge (bottom).

Fig. 40

Example of a longitudinal section with additional, primarily axially accelerated splinter cone in the front area of the projectile, accelerated by an explosive surface.

Fig. 41

Two examples of a longitudinal section with pronuclear / step core as damming medium.

Fig. 42

Example of the cross-sectional design with explosive-accelerated individual segments.

Fig. 43

Example of the cross-sectional configuration with variable thickness of the splinter shell and (here four) explosive segments with lenticular (in principle free to design) cross-section.

Fig. 44

Example of the cross-sectional design with a shaped explosive surface and adapted inner damming body.

Fig. 45

Example of the cross-sectional design with (here eight) segments and freely designed explosive surface.

Fig. 46

Examples of a longitudinal section with multi-part damming inner body (e.g., radially and axially divided).

Fig. 47

Example of the cross-sectional design of a projectile or warhead according to Fig. 42 with damming inner body, here constructed of cylinders in a pressure-transmitting matrix.

Fig. 48

Example of the cross-sectional design of a projectile or warhead according to Fig. 43 with segmented, single or multilayer damming inner body and central penetrator.

Fig. 49

Example of a longitudinal section, executed as a multi-part active body (different levels with different functions) and different configuration or occupancy.

Fig. 50

Example of the arbitrary cross-sectional configuration of an explosive layer chip projectile or warhead.

51

Another example of the arbitrary cross-sectional design.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Fig. 1A shows the basic structure of a spin-stabilized explosive layer chip projectile 1 A with a splinter shell / a splinter shell / a fragmentary projectile casing 2, an underlying explosive layer / explosives occupancy / explosives surface / pyrotechnic layer 3 and a damming inner body 4. Indicated are integrated ignition elements with control or Ignition electronics for the explosive layer. The triggering and triggering of the explosive layer must be adapted to the respective state of the art. The effectiveness of the arrangement remains largely unaffected.

The functional principle according to the invention equally allows the application to aerodynamically stabilized projectiles, as in Fig. 1B shown schematically. Again, the basic structure of the explosive layer chip projectile 1 B with splinter shell 2, explosive layer 3 and damming inner body 4 and ignition elements or other projectile or warhead devices is shown. The positioning of the ignition elements is not relevant to the function of the fragment-forming projectile; they can be located in the floor of the floor, in the damming inner body 4, in the bullet point or as modules in several places (cf., eg Fig. 24 and 45 ).

In Fig. 2 to 23 and Figs. 42 to 45 and 47 to 51 show examples of the cross-sectional configuration of projectiles or warheads according to the present invention.

So shows Fig. 2 In the illustration, which shows the simplest variant of the possible designs, the damming, dynamically correspondingly incompressible inner body 4 is designed as a solid, homogeneous cylindrical component. As materials for the damming component are basically all materials into consideration, which cause a desired dynamic damming. Their dynamic properties, and in particular the consequent degree of clogging, are determinative of the achievable splinter speed or the required explosive thickness for achieving a desired acceleration of the casing. As already mentioned, the effect of the insulation on the achievable splitter speed is equivalent to the influence of the explosive thickness

Further impact-relevant properties are the geometric dimensions of the fragmentation shell or its mass and also their mechanical dynamic properties. However, it is a particular advantage of the invention that no special demands are placed on the individual components. So almost all properties can be achieved by a suitable choice of material without high technical complexity.

In Fig. 3 the cross section through an explosive layer chipboard with damming inner body 5 is shown. In this case, it has an annular cross-section which surrounds a cavity 6. Thickness and material of the ring 5 are to be chosen so that sufficient insulation of the explosive layer takes place. The explosive zone can be composed of one layer as well as of two or more identical or different layers. For the basic function, incompressibility of the damming medium is not a mandatory requirement. Rather, the degree of compressibility affects the achievable speed of the splitter to be accelerated.

In Fig. 4 is a cross-section with multi-layer damming internal structure is shown, wherein in the hollow cylinder designed as a damming inner shell / inner body 5, a second inner body / central body 7 is. Of course, components 5 and 7 may have different mechanical or physical properties. It is also conceivable that an inner body is first compressed and only then causes sufficient or increased damming. Furthermore, it is conceivable that takes place by the design or the structure of the inner body a temporally changing Verdämmungshöhe corresponding to the technical requirements. This property can be referred to as Verdämmungssprung. For this purpose, a whole range of materials with corresponding Hygoniot curves is suitable. According to these considerations, particularly interesting effects can be achieved with materials which have specific Hygoniot properties. These include, for example, glass or glassy substances or liquid or pasty components.

Fig. 5 FIG. 15 shows an example in which the explosive layer 3A has a circular shape on the outside and an arbitrary shape on the inside (octagonal in this example). The damming inner body 8 shows a corresponding contour. The explosive layer (the explosive shell) 3A can exert a differentiated effect on the splitter shell by virtue of its shape. This can support fragmentation and influence the fragment shape and splinter speed.

For the properties and the technical or material-specific design of the fragmentation shell or the projectile or warhead mantle basically all embodiments and technological possibilities come into consideration, which are known in connection with conventional fragmentation projectiles.

Fig. 6 shows an example with damming inner body of the explosive layer 3B, which here has an octagonal outer cross section and a circular inner cross section. Of course, other design options / outer shapes of the explosive layer 3B are conceivable. The splinter shell 2A has an octagonal inner contour corresponding to the shape of the explosive. As a result, for example, the fragmentation process of the shell can be influenced by means of different shell thicknesses, densities and explosive layer thicknesses as well as by means of pyrotechnic properties.

Fig. 7 shows an example with a basically arbitrary, square in this example cross-section of the damming inner body 9. By the contact surfaces / contact surfaces of the inner body 9 with the splitter shell 2 in this illustration, the explosive body / the explosive part is separated under the splitter shell 2 by the inner body. This results in a segmented detonation cross section or explosive surface segments are formed. In this case, a simultaneous or non-simultaneous ignition of the explosive segments 10 is possible. The damming inner body 9 can of course also be dimensioned so that the explosive shell is closed for a ring ignition. The inner body 9 can be held in position by means of webs, for example.

In Fig. 8 For example, an inner body 11 having (in this example) a triangular cross-section is combined with inert, pressure-transmitting balance segments 12 that fill the space between the outer surfaces of FIG. 11 and the annular (cylindrical) explosive shell 3. These inert segments 12, for which the same conditions apply to the materials as for the damming inner bodies, can be formed as fragment-forming bodies. Besides, they can contain additional active parts. Of course, these segments can also be assigned other functions. Thus, for example, they can be manufactured as sub-penetrators, for example made of heavy metal, hard metal or hardened steel, for achieving end-ballistic performances.

Another construction for a projectile according to the invention is in Fig. 9 shown. Shown are two variants of cross sections with dynamically effective inner layers / ring surfaces. This dynamic efficiency derives from the specific properties of the layer relative to the passage of shock waves. The interfaces between the dynamic layer and the adjacent materials are crucial. The physical properties result from the acoustic impedance. This determines the reflectance of the shock waves in the interface between two media by the ratio m-1 / m + 1 with m as the quotient of the products density and longitudinal speed of sound of the two media.

The upper part of the picture Fig. 9 shows a projectile cross-section with two damming, hollow inner bodies 5, 5A and a dynamically acting layer 13 between the explosive layer 3 and the confinement 5. In the center is here still an additional body 7A, for example, a central penetrator. The lower part of the illustration shows a dynamically effective layer 13A between the damming first body 5 and a second damming layer 5A as an inner part in FIG. 5. As a result, the dynamic effects described above can be achieved, such as, for example, FIG. B. buffering (shock-absorbing or the Stosswellendurchgang influencing or the shock-enhancing) properties for temporal influence on the impact or insulation effect and thus the splitter speed, splintering and / or splinter distribution.

In Fig. 10 is a cross section with damming inner body 4 and a dynamically acting layer 13 B between the explosive layer 3 and splinter shell 3 shown. Due to the properties and structure of the dynamic layer 13B, the acceleration effect of the explosive layer 3 on the splinter shell 2 can be influenced.

A similar construction is shown in the lower partial cross section in FIG Fig. 11 Here, the dynamically active layer 13C is positioned in the outer splintering region of the split splitter outer shell 14. As a result, the fragment development of the overlying fragmentation shell 2 is to be influenced. In the upper partial cross section, an example with outer shell / shell jacket 14A and underlying fragmentation shell 2 is shown. The design of the outer projectile casing 14A can not only be derived from internal ballistic requirements, but this can also develop a dynamic effect in the sense described.

Fig. 12 shows an example with outer shell 14A and a splitter body or a matrix 16A. Here, preformed projectiles 16 or other, ballistically active elements such as fragment-forming body 15 may be embedded. The acceleration / activation in turn takes place through the explosive jacket 3. In the inner body 17, an ignition element 18 is embedded here, which can support or cause an additional decomposition of the damming component. By embedding an ignition element 18A in FIG. 17, a dynamic compression effect can also be achieved by the formation of a pressure field. In this way, for example, a decomposition of 17 can be initiated after arrival or only within the destination.

In Fig. 13 Further examples are shown with integrated ignition elements. The cross-sectional configuration here includes a (in the representation square) damming inner body 9 and explosive segments 10A. In the upper part of the image, the explosive layer or the explosive segment 10A contains an ignition element 18A, which can be designed as a planar, linear or punctiform device. In the lower part of the illustration, a corresponding ignition element 18B is introduced into the inner body 9.

Fig. 14 shows an example of the cross-sectional configuration with basically arbitrarily shaped, in this example square explosive surface 3C. Between 3C and the chip layer 2 are pressure transmitting segments 12A. The damming inner body 9 has a corresponding to the explosive layer 3C square cross section. The segments 1 2A, in turn, in addition to their pressure-transmitting function to meet a number of other specific requirements, such as having a damping or the splitter speed of 2 influencing effect. Also in this case, as with Fig. 5 to 7 , different splitter speeds or splinter shapes for the fragmenting splinter shell are set, here due to the different thickness of the active segments 12A.

Fig. 15 illustrates an example with two-layer explosive coating 19, 20 and correspondingly two Dämämmungsschichten 4A, 21 represents. The ignition of the explosives assignments can be made simultaneously or at different times. Such a structure results in a particularly wide range of effects. Thus, for example, the outer layer in front of a target, the inner component in the target passage or only in the target interior are ignited. In this case, the inner damming layer 4A may be made to have end ballistic performance, that is, it may be a penetrator. In this way, a broadly staggered, the combat order optimally adapted power delivery can be achieved.

In Fig. 16 an example is shown with a multi-part damming inner body 23, which is here composed of four circular segments 24, which may consist of similar or different materials. Between the segments 24, layers 25 may be located. These may be designed as dynamically effective layers in the sense of the above description, ie consist of rubber / elastomeric materials or of materials with plastic or damping properties. The individual components 23 may be loosely mounted or fixed, eg connected by gluing, screwing or vulcanization. The bullet structure in this example is provided with a central pyrotechnic body 22, which provides an additional decomposition / lateral component (especially for the individual components 24). The segments 24 may in turn be fragment-forming, contain body or have their own end ballistic performance in the sense of central penetrators.

In Fig. 17 Two further examples with multi-part damming inner bodies / central penetrators 26 are shown. These consist, for example, of four cylindrical penetrators 27. In the upper part of the image, in the center of the cylindrical penetrators 27, there is a central pyrotechnic body 22A, which gives the inner body 26 designed as a combination of penetrators a lateral velocity component. In the lower part of the image, instead of 22A, there is an inert central body 28 (or an inner space) between the components 27A. The explosive layer 3D surrounding the inner body 26 has a different thickness due to the shape of 26 and 27, respectively. This results in a different local acceleration of the sheath fragments. The explosives can be interrupted by the elements introduced (above) or through them (below).

Fig. 18 shows an example with projectile casing / sheath 14A, lying below 14A fragmentation jacket 29 with geometrically shaped inner surface, a correspondingly shaped explosive layer 33 and the inner insulation 4. By reaching into the splinter shell 29 form elements 31 A, a local weakening of the fragmentation sheath 29 is achieved allowing fragmentation in a determinable manner (eg, stripe-like, latticed to form particular fragments). There are different configurations of the elements 31 A shown. A corresponding principle lies in Fig. 19 the cross-sectional configuration with geometrically modified inner surface of the fragmentation shell 32 and the correspondingly shaped explosive layer 31 based.

In Fig. 20 is in the upper part of the image, the inner surface of the explosive layer 34 geometrically designed, the explosive layer here forms a closed shell. In the lower part of the picture, the explosive component 35 is composed of explosive longitudinal strips or explosive surface elements 36. The correspondingly shaped inner body 4C acts as a separation between the individual explosive components.

The principle of the segmented explosive shell is also in Fig. 21 realized. The example shows the cross-sectional design with internal insulation 4 and in the Explosive layer 36A introduced separating elements or geometric structures basically any configuration. In the present example, they represent longitudinal strips 37.

Fig. 22 shows an example with a hollow hollow inner ring 21 and a designed as a container central (also possibly supporting the damming) inner body 38 with the wall 38A. The filling 39 of the container may be for example a solid, a pasty or liquid substance or an inhomogeneous conglomerate of elements.

Also in Fig. 23 are shown cross-sectional configurations with container. In the upper part of the image, the projectile is provided with a damming, with a liquid, a pasty or compacted powder mass 39 filled central container 38. In the lower part of the figure, an annular inner container 38B is connected to the wall 38C and the filling 39A by means of webs 38D with a central inner damming body 4B. Depending on requirements, the webs 38D may be designed as independent active parts (inert or pyrotechnically effective).

According to these examples of the cross-sectional configuration of arrangements according to the present invention follows in Fig. 24 to 51 a series of examples of the design of the longitudinal sections of corresponding projectiles or warheads.

So shows Fig. 24 a longitudinal section with splinter shell 2, stepped / variable-thickness explosive layer 3 and a multi-part damming inner body 41. Plotted are positions for the installation of control or ignition elements for the explosive layer. The damming inner body 41 is here formed in two parts. In this way, different splitter speeds and / or different splitter distributions can be achieved in the longitudinal direction. In the head or in the floor area of the projectile control or ignition elements 40 may be installed, which of course also applies to the other presented bullet structures according to the invention.

In Fig. 25 is a longitudinal section through a projectile with variable explosive thickness and cylindrical fragmentation shell shown in two variants. The upper part of the diagram shows an arrangement with a longitudinally variable explosive layer 42 and a correspondingly shaped damming, while the lower partial image shows a variant with a thickness-changing fragmentation jacket 43 and a variable explosive layer 42A.

In Fig. 26 the explosive layer / inner body have a diameter jump. The projectile shown in the upper part of the image has a variable thickness of the explosive layer 44 with a continuous damming inner body 45 with a diameter jump or a different diameter change. The lower part of the picture shows a projectile with a divided damming body or an inserted penetrator or penetrator ring 41 A with different diameters. Depending on their nature, the inner bodies can fulfill different functions.

Fig. 27 shows an example of variable thickness of the explosive jacket 44A and cylindrical inner body 4. The splinter shell 45 and the explosive layer 44A have a diameter jump or a continuous change in diameter.

In the examples in Fig. 28 the upper variant is provided with multipart, here separated explosive layers 47 and adapted fragmentation sheath 45. The damming, stepped inner body 46 accordingly shows a variable diameter. The projectile shown in the lower part has a continuous explosive layer 48 with a change in diameter.

Arrangements in accordance with the present invention make it possible to achieve highly effective combinations or designs of splinter casings and explosive layers in a technically particularly simple manner. Starting from a bullet accordingly Fig. 24 be in Fig. 29 to 31 Examples shown.

So shows Fig. 29 a geometric design of the splinter shell for achieving desired effects or preferred splitter directions. Here, directional control and rotation of the fragmentation body / splitter rings 50 are effected. The longitudinal sawtooth-shaped explosive layer 49 is provided here continuously with a cylindrical damming inner body 4. This in Fig. 30 shown example with separate explosive layers 49A causes a direction control of the splitter body 50A. The damming inner body 4 is geometrically adjusted. Fig. 31 shows a splitter assignment 51 for different splitter directions and splitter speeds with appropriately matched explosive layer 49B.

In FIGS. 32 to 34 as well as 37 to 41 further embodiments of the arrangement according to the invention are shown by the combination with designated projectile components. In Fig. 35 and 36 Examples of integration / combination of arrangements with penetrators are shown.

Fig. 32 shows two longitudinal sections with internal sprengstoffbelegtem splitter body 2 and a space 52 between the outer shell 14 B and splitter body and an empty or partially filled outer ballistic hood 53 (upper panel) and a solid / filled tip (lower panel). This representation represents, for example, subcaliber projectiles, projectiles with sabot or full caliber bullets with inner active part of smaller diameter.

Fig. 33 shows two longitudinal sections with complete (continuous) explosives occupancy 3 and 54. The upper part of the image shows the projectile body and the internally dammed tip portion 55, the lower part of an explosive-filled tip 56th

In Fig. 34 a longitudinal section is shown with an explosive body 57 inserted into the damming inner region 4 of basically any shape. Such an explosive component can locally cause particularly high lateral splitter velocities or even desired effects in the body 4 itself Compressions or mechanical loads to disassembly or accelerations effect.

Fig. 35 shows two longitudinal sections with a embedded in the damming inner region 4 hard or heavy metal core 58 (upper panel) and a slender cylinder with a top 59 (lower panel). Of course, any variant of an end ballistic effective body can be introduced. The combination of breakdown power and fragmentation shown here covers a particularly broad range of effects.

Fig. 36 FIG. 2 shows two examples with a core 58A embedded in the damming interior, with a focusing inwardly tapered rear portion 60 of the core. By means of the explosive deposit 61, an acceleration and / or a decomposition of the core 58A can be effected (upper partial image). The lower part of the figure shows a core with stepped tip 58B and conical rear part 62 with centering, the core accelerating explosive deposit 61 A. The effective directions of the configurations of the rear area with core and splinter shell are symbolized by the arrows 60A and 62A.

In Fig. 37 two longitudinal sections with inner body 64 and corresponding Sprengstoffbelegung 63 in conjunction with a top module 72 for directed increased fragmentation effect in the axial direction (upper panel) and with splitter directivity by shaping of damming inner body 64, explosive surface 66 and fragmentation shell 65 (lower panel) are shown. The corresponding arrows 72A, 65A which symbolize the directions of action are also shown (cf. Fig. 40 ).

Fig. 38 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to the lower part of Fig. 37 with fragmentation jacket 67 and additional splinter components in a splitter pocket or fragmentation ring 68 with the embedded active parts 68A (knitting arrows 68B). Fig. 39 shows two longitudinal sections with (here) two-stage damming inner body 70A with directional fragmentation effect by a special design of the damming inner body 70 or 70A and continuous explosive occupation 69 (top) as well as non-continuous explosive charge / separate explosive rings 69A (below).

Fig. 40 shows an example with additional, primarily axially accelerated splitter body 73 (symbolized by the action arrows 73A) in the front region of the projectile, accelerated by an explosive surface 71 of the splitter shell 3, which is also dammed up by the inner body 4.

Fig. 41 shows two longitudinal sections with partial explosive occupancy in the form of a damming body with pronucleus / step core 74 (top). Such a pronucleus 74A can also be introduced separately (below). For example, this pronuclear 74A may consist of a highly ballistic end hard material such as hard or heavy metal, or even a brittle material that disintegrates under dynamic load from the impact, such as highly brittle tungsten carbide or pre-fragmented bodies. It primarily serves to penetrate massive target plates. Due to the step-like training the attack on a tilted plate is improved or only possible.

In Fig. 42 FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional configuration with explosive-accelerated projectiles or warheads according to the invention with individual (here four) segments 75. The individual segments 75 correspond in their function to those of the examples already shown with a circular cross-section. Due to the segmentation and the separation 76, which may be both a structure / supporting inner wall and a shock wave barrier, the individual segments can be controlled separately. This example therefore stands for penetrators or warheads with partial occupancy in the longitudinal / axial direction, in which the possibility of a subfield occupancy in the room is given by splinters.

Fig. 43 shows an example with variable thickness of the splitter shell 77 and explosive segments 78 with (here four) lenticular (but basically free to be designed) cross-sectional shape. The inner contour of the explosive segments 78 is formed by the corresponding inner damming body 9A. It goes without saying that the fragment and the explosive layer correspondingly Fig. 42 can run separately or continuously. By means of such arrangements very differentiated splitter distributions are to be achieved, which in Fig. 43 for a segment are symbolized by the arrow field 78A.

Fig. 44 shows an example of the cross-sectional configuration with designed as a convex strip explosive surface 80 and adapted inner damming body 9B. Fig. 45 shows a corresponding example with (here eight) segments 81 with the explosive occupancy 80 A, which are separated by the surfaces 75 A. While in Fig. 44 the fragment-forming arrangement is located in a shell 14, lie in Fig. 45 free the splintering (or homogeneous) stripes 79A. In addition, this example still has a central ring 82, which supports the damming of the segments 81. Furthermore, the cylinder 82 may be hollow or contain a central penetrator.

Fig. 46 shows a longitudinal section through a basic projectile structure 83 with multi-part damming inner body, which may be constructed from radial, axial or combined elements. In this way, the damming effect may be combined with mechanical pre-fragmentation, or different bodies with different mechanical and physical properties may be combined.

Fig. 47 shows the cross-sectional shapes of a projectile Fig. 46 with splitter shell and damming inner body 84, here constructed of cylinders 86 (continuous or stacked) of the same or different diameter or materials in a pressure transmitting matrix 85. The central region 87 may be formed by a penetrator or also filled with individual bodies. Also an additional pyrotechnic component accordingly Fig. 12 can be introduced. The cylinders 86 may have a higher degree of slimming (length / diameter ratio) or may be formed from a stack of short cylinders. Fig. 48 shows another example of the cross-sectional design of a projectile Fig. 46 segmented, single or multi-layer internal damming body 88 and a central penetrator 82A.

In Fig. 49 is a longitudinal section through an explosive layer-splitter projectile 89 shown, which is constructed as a multi-part / multi-stage active body. This can be formed, for example, from different, separated by a layer 91 or related stages with different functions or introduced construction spaces 90.

In the examples presented so far cylindrical fragmentation sheaths were shown. This is of course no mandatory requirement for arrangements according to the invention. By layer-like accelerating elements rather any shapes can be realized even with external components without any limitation of the effectiveness. As a result, there are no limits to the design possibilities. It is equally obvious that arrangements according to the invention are not limited to individual bodies. Precisely by the creative freedom, corresponding fragment-forming devices can be arranged in groups.

In FIGS. 50 and 51 Here are some examples shown. So owns in Fig. 50 the splitter body 92 has a square cross section corresponding to an explosive layer 3F Fig. 14 is accelerated. In 51 For example, the splinter shell has an octagonal cross section 92A as an example of the arbitrary shape. The acceleration takes place here via an annular explosive layer 3.

Of course, the arrangements listed as examples can also be combined both in a projectile and in a warhead, if this makes sense.

The main features and advantages of the invention are summarized below:

The shatter-forming active components or sheaths containing fragments or sub-projectiles are accelerated by means of an explosive layer which is thin relative to the projectile or warhead diameter.

The explosive mass needed to accelerate splinters is minimized. Compared with conventional explosive projectiles, the explosive mass can be reduced by 50% to 80%, depending on the caliber and technical design, at comparable splinter or sub-floor speeds.

The saved explosive mass is available as additional active mass. As a result, the scope in the interpretation of splinters or sub-projectiles accelerating projectiles or warheads is considerably expanded.

The least strength of the explosive layer is determined by ensuring ignition or spark ignition. By introduced ignition aids such as detonating cords very thin planar explosive layers can be ignited. Likewise, the choice of explosive is free, so that very small thicknesses up to an order of 2 mm can be realized.

Larger explosive layer thicknesses can be used to disassemble or accelerate to high speeds, depending on the internal insulation. The theoretical maximum speed of the splinters is approximately reached with explosive layers in the order of 20 mm with high internal insulation.

The explosive layer may be in the form of a hollow cylinder and have a constant or variable wall thickness and / or cross-sectional shape.

The explosive layer can be prefabricated and incorporated as a film or as an arbitrarily shaped body, be cast in or introduced in any manner, such as e.g. pressed or sucked in by vacuum. It can consist of one or more superimposed layers.

A projectile or warhead may contain a continuous layer of explosive or may be composed of multiple explosive layers in both the axial and radial directions.

The explosive layer may be homogeneous or contain admixtures or embedded bodies.

Ignition of the explosive layer or zones or explosive fragments may be accomplished in any conceivable manner in accordance with the prior art blasting projectiles or warheads.

About the type of ignition and the design of the explosive layer and the inner body, the velocities and the direction of the fragmentation or sub-projectiles can be varied within very wide limits.

The damming inner body can be one or more parts. It may consist of metallic or non-metallic materials or of their combination. There is thus an almost unlimited variety of materials with different mechanical, physical or chemical properties to choose from. Thus, a homogeneous metallic inner body on one side, e.g. consist of a metal of low density such as magnesium, on the other side of a heavy or hard metal body (homogeneous or segmented) high density with a correspondingly high end ballistic performance.

On the properties of the inner body or the inner body under high pressure load (Hygoniot properties) can be determined their behavior or it can be selectively selected materials with specific dynamic properties in conjunction with the pyrotechnic components used and the technical design of the projectile or warhead.

Homogeneous inert inner damming bodies may consist of or contain such metallic or non-metallic matter which is reactive under high pressure at locally high temperature.

Due to the combination possibilities with damming inner bodies, it follows that (eg through the use of different materials, such as by embedding of sub-floors in a matrix material) the design bandwidth are practically no limits.

The damming inner body can be made of brittle or embrittled under dynamic load material. Likewise, he can pre-fragmented or mechanically or thermally pretreated yours.

The damming inner body can also be designed as a hollow cylinder or contain a cavity in any cross-sectional area. This inner cavity may in turn be empty or filled with a more or less damming substance. This results in a further possibility for influencing the damming and thus the speed or the acceleration of the shell of fragment-forming or sub-projectile projectiles or warheads.

In a particular embodiment, the damming inner body can represent or contain a container. The inner cavity or container may be e.g. be filled with a solid, powdery, pasty or liquid substance. Furthermore, it may contain a reactive substance, e.g. contain a flammable liquid.

In the simplest case, the shell of the projectile or the warhead is homogeneous. With regard to their pretreatment in support of fragmentation, it is possible to use all methods and techniques which correspond to the state of the art in conventional fragmentation projectiles.

The accelerated shell may also consist wholly or partly of preformed splinters or sub-floors. Such a layer may itself represent the projectile casing or be incorporated as a layer between the explosive and the outer shell. About this structure can be introduced between the explosive layer and the outer shell and a pre-fragmented or very brittle or embrittled under dynamic load layer.

In a large caliber ammunition or warheads, it is also conceivable that between the explosive layer and the outer skin is filled with a pasty or liquid substance intermediate layer, which may also contain solids or individual body.

Between the explosive layer and the damming inner body there may be a layer dynamically supporting the damming. Their mode of action is determined by the acoustic impedance of the materials involved.

Likewise, between the explosive layer and the fragmentation shell, a medium having a dynamic damping action can be introduced as a layer which reduces the acceleration impact.

The explosive layer may be composed of contiguous surfaces or of surfaces separated in the radial or axial direction.

The explosive layer can have an arbitrarily shaped surface (contour), so that spatially different splinter formations and also splitter speeds can be achieved.

Through the shape of the inner damming, the explosive layer can form an angle to the projectile axis. Thus, splinters or sub-projectiles can be accelerated direction-controlled. Such arrangements may be provided at certain positions of the projectile (e.g., in the tip region) or extend over the entire surface.

The explosive layer will usually have the shape of a hollow cylinder. This can be open at the ends or closed on one or both sides by means of a front or rear explosive layer.

Explosive disks (explosive bridges) can be introduced over the entire penetrator length. Thus, for example, inner bodies can be accelerated in the axial direction.

Parts of the tip can be accelerated via a frontal explosive coating. In addition, the tip of the projectile or warhead may be wholly or partially filled with explosives.

The tip or tip region may also consist of or contain an end ballistic inert body to effect end-ballistic effects via this component.

Further embodiments of arrangements according to the present invention result from the introduction of an additional pyrotechnic component within the damming inner body. This can either be ignited by the detonation of the explosive layer or be controlled directly.
In such arrangements, for example, in addition to splinters or sub-floors from the shell area radially accelerated elements can be generated from the interior.

Function and efficiency of arrangements according to the invention are independent of the type of stabilization. Thus, the active bodies may be cannon-fired projectiles, combat components of a missile or missile, parts of a bomb or the active part of a torpedo.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 A

Spin-stabilized explosive layer chipboard with splinter shell 2, explosive layer 3 and inner body 4

1 B

arrow-stabilized explosive layer chip projectile with splinter shell 2, explosive layer 3 and inner body 4

2

Splinter shell / splinter shell / fragmental projectile shell

2A

Splinter shell with basically any (here octagonal) inner cross section

3

Explosive shell / explosives cover / explosive layer / explosive surface / pyrotechnic layer

3A

Explosive shell with basically any (here polygonal) inner cross-section

3B

Explosive layer with basically any (here octagonal) outer cross section

3C

Explosive layer with basically any (here rectangular) cross section

3D

filled with explosive space between 27 and 2

4

damming inner body / inner damming

4A

Damming for 20

4B

central inner body

4C

Inner body with surface structure

5

Hollow damming inner body / damming inner casing / inner ring / support ring

5A

second (inner) damming layer

6

central cavity (arbitrary cross section)

7

second (here central) damming inner body

7A

Inner body / central penetrator

8th

damming inner body with basically any (here octagonal cross-section)

9

damming inner body with (basically arbitrary) here square cross-section

9A

damming inner body

9B

damming inner body

9C

damming inner body

10

Explosive segment between 9 and 2

10A

Explosive segment between 9 and 2

11

central body with basically any (here triangular) cross-section

12

inert / pressure transmitting segment (homogeneous or body containing) / fragment forming segment between 11 and 3

12A

inert / pressure transmitting segment (homogeneous or body containing) / fragment forming segment between 3C and 2

13

dynamic layer between 9 and 3

13A

dynamic layer between 5 and 7

13B

dynamic acting layer between 3 and 2

13C

dynamically acting layer between 2 and 14

14

outer splinter ring

14A

Projectile shell / bullet jacket / outer skin

14B

Bullet casing / warhead wall

15

Splitter / preformed elements containing ring area between 14 and 3

16

16A embedded bodies / preformed fragments / preformed projectiles

16A

Matrix of 1 5

17

Inner body (central or decentralized) with embedded ignition element 18th

18

embedded in 17 ignition element (detonating cord)

18A

Ignition element in FIGS. 10A, 18

18B

10A inserted ignition element / ignition cable of any shape and any cross-section

19

outer explosive layer

20

inner explosive layer

21

inner sheath / inner splinter ring (stowage for 19 and splinter sheath for 20)

22

central charge (detonating cord) / pyrotechnic body

22A

central explosive body for radial acceleration or disassembly of 26

23

multi-part (here divided into four circular segment cross-sections 24) inner body

24

single element of 23

25

Separation / separation layer between the elements 24

26

multi-part, in principle arbitrarily shaped inner body (here formed by four cylinders 27 and 27A)

27

Cylinder / body with basically any (here circular) cross-section

27A

Body with basically any (here circular) cross-section

28

inert central body in 26 / interior / cavity

29

Variable wall splinter cover / with incisions / with internal structure 30

30

Incision / internal structure

31

Explosive layer with structured outer contour

31 a

Blasting element / explosive bridge

32

Splinter shell with structured / molded inside

33

Explosive shell with incisions

34

Explosive layer with diameter change / diameter jump / notches / incisions on the inside

35

Segmented / interrupted / web-like (consisting of surface elements) explosive layer

36

Explosive strip / explosive surface element

36A

Explosives strip / Explosives segment

37

Separating layer / separating element / separating strip / separating grid between 36A

38

central container / inner body

38A

Wall of 38

38B

Container in the form of an intermediate layer

38C

Wall of 38B

38D

Bridge / bracket / connection structure

39

Filling / content of 38

39A

Fill / Content of 38B / Liquid Ring

40

Control / ignition element

41

multi-part / multi-level damming body

41 a

multi-part damming body (same or unequal diameter)

42

Explosive layer of variable thickness (here inner diameter variable)

42A

like 42, outer diameter variable

43

Fragmentation sheath with variable thickness

44

Explosive jacket with (here inner) diameter jump / diameter change

44A

Diameter jump / diameter change

45

stepped splinter shell / splinter shell with variable thickness

46

stepped inner body

47

divided / multipart explosive jacket

48

Explosive jacket with diameter jump / diameter change

49

Explosive shell (here continuous) for a directed fragmentation effect

49A

Explosive jacket of individual sections / employed, separate annular surfaces

49B

structured (here consisting of annular surfaces with circular cross-section) explosive jacket

50

Splinter assignment to achieve a directional effect

50A

segmented splitter assignment of 49A

51

Fragmentation of convex rings

52

Cavity between 2 and 14B (empty or with internal structure)

53

Tip with explosive jacket 54 / outside ballistic hood

54

Explosive layer in 53

55

damming inner body in 53

56

filled with explosives / a pyrotechnic medium tip

57

in 4 embedded explosives body

58

in 4 embedded penetrator (here hard, heavy metal or steel core 58)

58A

Core with rear inner cone 60

58B

Core with conical tail 62

59

in 4 embedded central penetrator / cylinder

60

Rear inner cone in 58A

60A

Arrows, symbolizing the effective direction of the explosive zone 61

61

Explosive zone at the stern of 58A to accelerate / disassemble 58A

61 A

Explosive zone at the stern of 58B to accelerate 58B

62

conical tail of 58B

62A

Arrows symbolizing the effective direction of explosive zone 61A

63

Explosive composition for partially reinforced axial fragmentation effect

64

Inner body in 63

64A

Inner body in 65

65

Splinter shell with axial fragmentation effect

65A

Arrow, symbolizing effect direction

66

explosives jacket

67

Splinter jacket corresponding to 65 with splitter pocket 68

68

Sliver pocket / splinter ring

68A

in 68 embedded bodies

68B

Arrows, the direction of effect of the splinter pockets 67 symbolizing

69

Explosive shell with variable inside diameter for directional splinter acceleration

69A

Explosive sheath elements for directional splinter acceleration (here with section-wise / multi-level explosive layer)

70

damming inner body with outer contour for directional splintering effect

70A

damming inner body with outer contour for directional splintering effect

71

axially acting explosive zone

72

Tip module with directed fragmentation effect

73

Arrow, symbolizing effect direction

73A

Arrows, symbolizing the effective direction of fragmentation of 73

74

damming inner body with partial explosive occupancy

74A

multi-part inner body with step tip

75

Segment of a damming inner body with a cylindrical contour

75A

Segment of a damming inner body with a cylindrical contour

76

interface

77

Fragmentation casing

78

lenticular explosive segment / segment of any cross section

78A

Arrows, symbolizing effect direction

79

splitter segment

79A

splitter segment

79B

accelerated splitter segment 79A

79C

disassembled and accelerated splitter segment 79A

80

Explosive ring made of segments of any design

80A

Explosive segment of any design

81

Segment of a damming inner body with any contour

82

Inner body, central penetrator

82A

Inner body, central penetrator

83

Sectionally constructed / assembled damming inner body

84

Ring of rods / cylinders / body of any cross section

85

Separating layer between 80

86

Rods / cylinders / bodies of any cross section

87

central body

88

Sectionally shaped rings

89

Projectile with different damming inner bodies

90

inert section

91

Distance / buffering inert element / separation layer

92

Splinter ring / splinter coat of any (here square) shape

92A

Splinter ring / splinter coat of any (here octagonal) shape

Claims (29)

1. Explosive projectile with a fragment-forming projectile shell (2) and an explosive layer (3) disposed inside the projectile shell (2),
   characterised in
   that an internal body (4), which tamps the explosive layer, is disposed inside the explosive layer (3), and the explosive layer (3) is of thin formation in relation to the projectile diameter.
2. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the thickness of the explosive layer (3) is between 2 mm and 20 mm.
3. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the explosive layer (3) has the shape of a hollow cylinder with a constant or variable wall thickness and/or cross-sectional shape.
4. Explosive projectile according to Claim 3,
   characterised in
   that the explosive layer (3) represents a hollow cylinder with ends closed on one or both side(s) or with intermediate layers.
5. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the explosive layer (3) is homogeneous or contains admixtures or embedded bodies.
6. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the firing of the individual explosive segments (10) or plurality of explosive layers takes place in a punctual, linear or annular fashion at one or a plurality of location(s).
7. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1 or 6,
   characterised in
   that the firing takes place via a time delay, proximity or impact fuse, via a program-controlled signal or by means of radio.
8. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the internal body (4) is of one-part or multi-part composition.
9. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
   characterised in
   that the internal body (4) consists of a brittle material or one which embrittles under a dynamic load.
10. Explosive projectile according to Claim 8,
    characterised in
    that the internal body (4) is formed as a central penetrator or contains a central penetrator or consists of a plurality of subprojectiles or contains subprojectiles.
11. Explosive projectile according to Claim 8,
    characterised in
    that the internal body (4) is prefragmented or mechanically or thermally pretreated.
12. Explosive projectile according to Claim 10,
    characterised in
    that the subprojectiles enclose an inert volume.
13. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the internal body (4) represents or contains a container.
14. Explosive projectile according to Claim 13,
    characterised in
    that the internal body (4) is filled with an inert or a reactive medium.
15. Explosive projectile according to Claim 13,
    characterised in
    that the internal body (4) contains a pyrotechnic element.
16. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that a layer which dynamically assists the tamping action is located between the explosive layer (3) and the internal body (4).
17. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the projectile comprises two or more explosive layers in the radial direction.
18. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the explosive layer (3) is composed of contiguous areas or of areas which are separated (in the radial and/or axial direction).
19. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the explosive layer (3) forms an angle relative to the projectile axis.
20. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the projectile shell (2) consists entirely or partly of preformed fragments.
21. Explosive projectile according to Claim 20,
    characterised in
    that the fragments are accelerated in a direction-controlled manner.
22. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that fragmentation bodies are introduced between the explosive layer (3) and the projectile shell (2).
23. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that a layer of a brittle material is located between the explosive layer (3) and the projectile shell (2).
24. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that a dynamically damping medium is located between the explosive layer (3) and the projectile shell (2).
25. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that a liquid casing is inserted between the explosive layer (3) and the projectile shell (2).
26. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that a hollow space is located between the explosive layer (3) and the projectile shell (2).
27. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the projectile is of single- or multi-stage composition in the axial direction.
28. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that a head or a head region of the projectile consists of a terminal-ballistically effective inert part.
29. Explosive projectile according to Claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the explosive projectile is composed as a multi-part/multi-stage effective body.

Images