ES2317272T3 - PROJECTILE OR OJIVA. - Google Patents

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to obtain great final ballistic effectiveness of fragmentation bullets and warheads regardless of the impact speed while using as little explosive material as possible. Said aim is achieved by combining explosive shell (3) with a damming inner member (4) in connection with an accelerated outer jacket (2). This arrangement results in the best possible conversion of the explosive energy while offering great creative flexibility regarding the design. A wide range of additional possible effects is created by blast-compacting the inner damming member (4). Furthermore, the shape of the inner damming member allows the fragments to obtain a directionally controlled effect. Depending on the caliber and technical design, the amount of explosive material used can be reduced by 50 to 80 percent compared to conventional explosive bullets at comparable fragment speeds or sub-bullet speeds. The explosive material economized is available as additional effective mass. The accelerated jacket (2) can also be entirely or partly composed of preformed fragments or sub-bullets.

Description

Projectile or warhead.

Background of the invention 1. Field of the invention

The present invention is about a projectile or a warhead forming a fragment or subprojectile.

2. Technical background

Explosive shells are used to get final ballistic effects on extensive easy targets,  regardless of the impact speed of a projectile or ogive, by means of fragments accelerated by explosives, of Great initial speed Explosive shells of this type are characterized because its volume is mostly occupied by explosives Under its structure, explosive projectiles o explosive filled warheads contain a comparatively mass large explosives, which in a considerable proportion are not effective or, partly for physical reasons, cannot have any effect. Consequently, the freedom of design in known ammunition so far is severely limited and it concentrates on the design of the fragment envelope and the pyrotechnic components.

In the case of fragmentation shells, the accelerated fragment distribution quickly enough over a target area as large as possible or the coverage of a space as wide as possible (depth) is the parameter decisive. However, in the case of pure explosive shells, this objective can only be achieved in a restricted way, because in a detonation the possibilities of control regarding fragmentation and distribution of fragments are limited. Together with a sufficient impact velocity of the projectile and the use of relatively small quantities of explosives, the The above mentioned requirements were met so far only through the so-called ALP shells (penetrators assets with side effect). In these active projectiles of lateral disintegration based on the PELE principle (penetrators  with high side effect), achievable side speeds they are, however, limited according to the nature and mass of the pyrotechnic agent used and structural configuration. It it certainly corresponds to the objective of penetrators or warheads of said type, because the real final ballistic result is achieved by the speed of the projectile. The functional principle of a projectile based on the ALP principle is active disintegration in fragments or subprojectiles of a penetrator, before reaching the White. The speed of these components results from the quantity small explosive used, whose energy is transmitted by means of an inert transmission medium to the external active component, according to the theory of shock waves and materials used The speed of said active components is found between a few m / s and 200 m / s, approximately. Consequently, in the case of ALP shells the effectiveness or the ability to penetration of the active parts depends primarily on the impact speed, as in energy projectiles Conventional kinetics

The provisions of explosive projectiles known so far are limited to the load structure and the fragment shirt configuration. A representative example of the load structure is described in US Patent 5,243,916. First, we want to achieve a lower vulnerability of the ammunition, while a detonating internal explosive component is surrounded by a more inert component. The modifications are before the whole objective of ensuring the detonation of the entire load, to achieve an appropriate fragmentation rate. However, it it's basically pure fragmentation projectiles here conventional. The interface between the explosive components is preferably set in the form of a star. One is indicated large number of possible combinations, which essentially are they differ only in the proportion of explosives in the mixtures and different aggregates. In that case, the outer layer can also be composed of a chemically reactive substance, by example, to produce gases.

In warheads and missiles, the stated objective is achieve acceleration in explosives by supporting explosives possible careful of subprojectiles or mounted containers externally. As current state of the art can be referred to both documents DE 35 22 008 C2 and EP 0 718 590 A1. In this way, in DE 35 22 008 C2 the missile fragmentation effect 10 results from the shirt 12 of the warhead 11 around the unit propulsion 16. It is generally accepted, that a jacket thickness determined is enough to produce penetration capacity desired. This refers exclusively to whites to fight with missiles A transfer to the ammunition is not possible. I do not know address physical regularities of any kind or specify General design rules Upon impact, the whole body is hollow totally or for the most part, so that no closing effect The assertion that to get a high penetration capacity it is not necessary to have a high mass of explosives over the entire cross section of the missile, it refers to the explosive lining of the hollow warhead internally. Because the inside of the missile is undoubtedly formed some for propulsion, control devices and a load active The inner shirt 12c has no assigned function in connection with the fragment shirt. It represents, rather, the propulsion unit housing with control elements. This is also expressed by the fact that between said shirt 12c and the explosive coating is disposed a layer insulator 19 of heat-insulating material. The crucial advantage of a closure internal, which in its effect on the fragmentation rate achievable is equivalent to the influence of the thickness of the explosive, it is not addressed and cannot be presented in the provision proposal.

EP 0 718 590 A1, which forms a basis for the preamble of claim 1, describe the active part of a rocket or a warhead that, to get an increase in lateral effectiveness, accelerates preformed elements by means of a Explosive coating annular in cross section. The main objective of the described structure is to convert the high detonation velocity of the explosive layer in a relatively slow propagation speed of the elements or accelerated active parts. The explosive ring 43 throttle the active parts is initiated through a ring of pellets (ignition elements 82). The explosive jacket 43 is in its structure and in its function basically identical to the provision described in DE 35 22 008. In particular, the speed propagation in conjunction with the sizing of Surrounding subprojectiles (56) is influenced by the property of the explosive or the mixture of explosives.

In addition, projectiles are known that contain a pyrotechnic charge to increase the final ballistic effect. The US Patent 3,302,570 serves as a representative example. Describe a type of projectile that was designed in the front line with the purpose of drilling armored steel protective structures with minimization of projectile energy required. Said objective is achieved by means of a solid diameter penetrator relatively small and relatively long length of heavy metal as the core of the projectile structure. Additionally, the effect must be increased by or behind the target by use of explosives or incendiary agents. In this case, the effect of two incendiary compositions and the impact process Specific projectiles are mentioned as factors, in addition to the real white penetration.

A high density combustible substance It encloses a penetrator with a thickened head. The material of high density enclosing the penetrator imparts to the penetrator an additional mass and with it a projectile energy, which also penetrates through the hole made by the head of the projectile. By means of the greater diameter of the head one tries to avoid a detachment of combustible material. Through disintegration  from the penetrator as it passes through harder targets, the combustible material and fragments are generated or introduced into the White incendiary agents. On the back of the projectile, the central penetrator and the surrounding combustible material are wrapped by the actual body of the projectile, necessary for stabilize the projectile in the canyon and in flight. Through a blade on the front edge tempered of the projectile body is try to enlarge the hole in the material of the target already crossed by the central main penetrator and produce greater damage in the inside by dragging target material. To fill the space between the central penetrator (13) and the projectile body (17) another layer of a low combustible material (16) is introduced density. The additional layer tries to keep the central penetrator in position When the projectile disintegrates upon entering harder targets detonate the incendiary compositions. That is, The principle of the invention is other than in the present invention. At US 3,302,570 materials are transported to the blank fuels, which are inflamed under the processes final ballistics There is no mention of a formation of pressure inside the projectile. This form of projectiles does not It is an explosive projectile in the true sense of the word. A function according to the present invention has not been provided and Nor is it mentioned indirectly.

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Summary of the invention

With respect to the present invention: it is based on the consideration that in conventional explosive shells a considerable part of the pyrotechnic components cannot make a noteworthy contribution to the acceleration of the fragments. By detonating the explosive it is dissociated and the envelope of fragments is substantially accelerated by the reaction gases produced. The lateral acceleration of the fragment casing causes a direct increase in volume and thereby a relaxation of tensions, so that the pressure components of the explosive inner body can now only provide a correspondingly accelerated proportion of acceleration.
tooth.

The objective of the present invention is a high effectiveness in terms of final ballistics of projectiles and warheads of fragmentation, regardless of the speed of impact, using a mass of explosives where possible reduced. Them and achieved by combining an explosive shirt with a inner closure body in combination with an outer wrap accelerated at high speed. This provision not only gets a better possible conversion of explosive energy, but that a high degree of constructive freedom is also achieved in terms of design of ammunition and explosives of this type. The fragmentation rates or attainable subprojectiles by relatively small explosive coatings they find between a few 100 m / s up to about 2,000 m / s and, consequently, close to those of pure explosive shells. By compacting the shock wave of the inner body of Closing results in a wide field of additional active options. In In particular, there is the possibility of using the inner body to Increase the effectiveness of the entire system. Examples in this meaning are the use of specific materials, provisions multilayers, the incorporation of subprojectiles and the integration of an additional central pyrotechnic component for disintegration and / or acceleration of the inner body. In addition, through the configuration of the inner closure can achieve an effect directionally controlled fragments, which in Conventional explosive shells are not possible in this way. Particular effects can also be achieved by integration of reactive closure components inside the penetrator or warhead. In combination with type advantages constructive and the possibility of the application of other components assets, the total effectiveness of the accelerating ammunition of proposed fragments in this case is far above that of explosive projectiles or special ammunition known.

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The present invention is essentially based on the effect of an inner closure in conjunction with a mass of considerably smaller explosives, to get speeds of comparable fragments or subprojectiles compared to conventional explosive shells. Next is a estimate of fragment speeds that can be achieved

In principle, the speed of the wrap is determined by three widely independent effects: by mass distribution between the envelope to accelerate and the means of inner support, by the explosive layer energy (energy per unit volume and thickness) and for the size considered surface element (influenced by the sizes of fragments that form). This circumstance is illustrated by  the theoretical estimate of the fragment speed, which can be done, for example, by means of the Gurney equation, known from specialized literature. Two modes of Consider this provision: one is based on the form cylindrical and the other is based on the projection of a structure cylindrical, to achieve a flat surface element. It would correspond in a first approximation to a provision reactive protective. In this case, it not only plays a role decisive the mass distribution of both accelerated plates (or be, the closing ratio), but also the size of the sandwich. In a layer of explosives 10 mm thick and a steel envelope 5 mm thick, as well as a strong unilateral closure result, for example according to Gurney, on very wide surfaces speeds of 1,500 m / s. On a 10 mm back plate of thickness is still calculated 750 m / s. In a narrow sandwich (band) 60% of these values are still achieved.

Other calculation examples: no influences marginal (that is, presupposing a size of elements extensive enough), the theoretical speed with 5 mm of steel coating, a large thickness of explosives (> 20 mm) and a high degree of internal closure is more than 2,000 m / s. With a 5 mm wrap thickness and a 5 mm explosive layer of thickness, as well as an internal closure by means of a hollow cylinder of 20 mm thick aluminum, the initial fragment speed is found in the order of magnitude of 1,000 m / s and the speed of hollow cylinder accelerated inwards is still 500 m / s, approximately, by virtue of the relatively close closing effect reduced. In the case of the combination of a steel casing of 8 mm thick with a layer of explosives 20 mm thick and a different inner closure, the values fluctuate between 800 m / s (high closure) and 200 m / s (reduced closure). These examples of calculation also show that, with provisions conforming to In the present invention, it is possible to cover a broad spectrum of fragment or subprojectile speeds.

For the estimation of the fragment speed of cylindrical structures an equation of Gurney is offered, Applicable to conventional type explosive ammunition:

v = D / 3 (M / C + 0.5) ^ - 0.5

where D is the speed of detonation, M the mass of the envelope (of the container, the coating) and C the mass of the explosive. In that regard, D / 3 may be assumed as a good approximation to Gurney's speed characteristic. That is, the fragment speed is proportional to the detonation speed of the explosive used. For General considerations can be split for D / 3 values between 2,600 m / s and 3,000 m / s (average value 2,800 m / s). This formulation is useful, because most of the time the detonation speed than the speed of Gurney

With the following calculation examples, try to illustrate the circumstances in that way of considering the situation: with an outside diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm wrap wall (inner diameter 80 mm) and a Explosive layer thickness of 5 mm results as speeds of fragments / wrap 25% of Gurney's speed. With a inner diameter of 40 mm (that is to say 20 mm thick layer of explosives) results in 45% of the speed of Gurney, that is 1,260 m / s, approximately. With an inner diameter of 60 mm and a layer of explosives 10 mm thick 35% of the speed is calculated from Gurney (approximately 1,000 m / s). In a wrapper full of explosives are 50% of the speed of Gurney, or 1,400 m / s, approximately. With a unilateral (inner) closure and a layer of very thick explosives (> 30 mm) are achieved in large surfaces (or diameters) the speed of Gurney, approximately.

Through the inner closure that represents a central feature of the invention, the optimal conversion is performed of the explosive energy in fragment velocity, so that high speeds are possible with explosive thicknesses relatively small The influence of the inner closure can be considered by means of a factor to be referred to as closing factor (VF). It depends on the magnitudes M / C, M_ {close \ inside} / M_ {wrap} / rho_ {core}, sigma_ {core} and Hygoniot properties of the internal environment. It can start from following estimated values: in thick wraps and layer of explosives thick and thinly wrapped and explosive layer thick is a closing factor between 1.1 and 1.2. It corresponds to a speed increase of 10% to 20%. In a wrap thick, combined with a thin layer of explosives, as well as a thin wrap with a thick layer of explosives results a closing factor of 1.2 to 1.3 (20% to 30% speed increase). Consequently, it is not only possible to get through high levels of closures and corresponding explosives very high fragment speeds of up to 2,000 m / s and strong wrap fragmentation effects, but, on the other hand, is possible to achieve by means of interior bodies of little closure and more inert explosive speeds of fragments or subprojectiles  relatively slow with correspondingly accelerations soft.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1A Basic structure of a projectile of fragmentation of explosive layer stabilized in rotation with jacket of fragments, explosives layer and inner closure body, as well as control and ignition elements.

Fig. 1B Basic structure of a projectile of fragmentation of aerodynamically stabilized explosive layer, with fragment shirt, explosive cape and inner body of closure, as well as control and ignition elements.

Fig. 2 Example of section configuration cross section of an explosive layer fragmentation projectile with fragment wrap, explosive layer and inner body of closing.

Fig. 3 Cross section through a explosive layer fragmentation projectile with inner ring of closure or inner hollow body closure.

Fig. 4 Cross section of a projectile of explosive layer fragmentation with multilayer interior structure of closing.

Fig. 5 Example of section configuration cross section with circular outer cross section and any inner cross section (in this case, octagonal) of the layer of explosives

Fig. 6 Example section configuration transverse with circular inner closing body and any outer cross section (in this case, octagonal) of the layer of explosives

Fig. 7 Example of section configuration cross section with any cross section (in this case, rectangular) of the inner closing body and cross section of segmented detonation / explosive surface segments (in this case: separated by the inner body with simultaneous ignition or not simultaneous).

Fig. 8 Example of section configuration cross section with an inner body of any cross section (in this case, triangular) and inert compensating segments of pressure transmission between the inner body and the layer of explosives

Fig. 9 Cross section with a plurality of internal hollow closing bodies (in this case, two) and one dynamic effect layer between the explosive layer and the closure interior (top) and / or between different interior closures (lower).

Fig. 10 Cross section with inner body closure and a dynamic effect layer between the explosive layer and the fragment wrap.

Fig. 11 Example of section configuration transverse with outer shell / projectile shirt and jacket fragments located below (upper) and an additional layer of effect dynamic between the explosive layer and the fragment envelope (lower).

Fig. 12 Example of cross section configuration with outer shell and fragment / projectile body
preformed / intermediate layer containing thermal or mechanical fragmentation measures.

Fig. 13 Example of section configuration transverse with inner closing body (in this case, rectangular) and explosive segments with ignition device flat / linear / punctual in the explosive layer (top) or with ignition elements incorporated in the inner body.

Fig. 14 Section configuration example transverse with surface of explosives of any form (in this case, rectangular) and pressure transmitter segments between layer of explosives and fragment shirt or wrap of projectile.

Fig. 15 Example section configuration Transverse coated with two-layer explosives and two layers of closing.

Fig. 16 example of a projectile or an ogive with multiple inner body (in this case, composed of four circular segments of the same or different material) with body central pyrotechnic.

Fig. 17 example of a projectile or an ogive with multiple inner body (in this case, four penetrators cylindrical) with central (upper) pyrotechnic body or body central inert or empty interior volume.

Fig. 18 section configuration example transverse with projectile shell / inner surface Geometric fragment shirt / explosive layer shape corresponding and internal closure.

Fig. 19 Example section configuration transverse with geometric inner surface of the shirt fragments and explosives layer correspondingly.

Fig. 20 Section configuration example transverse with geometric inner surface of the layer of explosives (upper) or longitudinal band of explosives or explosive surface elements (bottom).

Fig. 21 Section configuration example transverse with internal closure and incorporated separating elements  to the explosive layer or geometric structures (in this case, longitudinal bands).

Fig. 22 Section configuration example transverse with a hollow inner ring of closure and a body Inner central closure / container-shaped.

Fig. 23 Example section configuration transverse with a central closing container (top) or a central inner body and a space provided with bridges between the layer of explosives and the inner body.

Fig. 24 Example of a longitudinal section with fragment shirt, explosive cape, inner closure body (in this case, two parts) and control or ignition elements for the explosive layer.

Fig. 25 Example of a longitudinal section with variable explosive thickness and cylindrical fragment sleeve (upper) and with variable thickness of the fragment jacket and explosives (lower).

Fig. 26 Example of a longitudinal section with explosive layer / inner body diameter jump (upper) o split closure body / inserted penetrator body or ring penetrator (bottom).

Fig. 27 Example of a longitudinal section with jump of fragment wrap diameter and layer of explosives

Fig. 28 Example of a longitudinal section with multiple layers of explosives (in this case, separated) and (in this case) different fragment wrap diameter (top) or Continuous explosive layer with diameter jump (lower).

Fig. 29 Example of geometric configuration of the fragment shirt to achieve the desired effects or Preferred fragment addresses. In this case: control of fragment body direction and rotation / fragment rings and continuous explosive layer with inner closing body cylindrical.

Fig. 30 Example of geometric configuration of the fragment shirt to achieve the desired effects or Preferred fragment addresses. In this case: control of direction of fragment bodies and explosive layers separated and internal closing body geometrically adapted.

Fig. 31 Example of geometric configuration of the fragment shirt to achieve the desired effects or Preferred fragment addresses. In this case: coating of explosives for different fragment directions and fragment speeds

Fig. 32 Example of a longitudinal section of a projectile of fragmentation of explosive or warhead layer with body of fragments inside lined with explosives and a space intermediate between outer shell and fragment body and a outdoor ballistic deck empty or partially filled (upper) or a solid / full tip (bottom).

Fig. 33 Example of a longitudinal section with full coating of explosives (projectile body and area of tip - top) and tip full of explosives (bottom).

Fig. 34 Example of a longitudinal section with an explosive body inserted in the inner closing zone.

Fig. 35 Example of a longitudinal section with a core embedded in the inner zone of closure (upper) or thin cylinder with tip (bottom).

Fig. 36 Example of a longitudinal section with a pointed core embedded in the inner closing zone with backup of focused explosives / area disintegrators posterior of the nucleus (superior) or a nucleus with stepped tip and explosive backup (core accelerator) centering (lower).

Fig. 37 Example of a longitudinal section with geometrically shaped inner body and lining corresponding explosives, for a directed fragmentation effect (superior) or with directional effect of fragmentation through conformation of the inner closing body, explosive surface and fragment wrap (bottom).

Fig. 38 Example of a longitudinal section according to figure 37 with additional fragment components.

Fig. 39 Example of a longitudinal section with (in this case) fragmentation effect directed in two stages and Continuous coating of explosives (top) and non-coating explosives continuous (lower).

Fig. 40 Example of a longitudinal section with additional fragmentation core axially accelerated in the area front of the projectile, accelerated by means of a surface explosive

Fig. 41 Two examples of a longitudinal section with front core / stepped core as a means of closure.

Fig. 42 Section configuration example transverse with individual segments accelerated by explosives

Fig. 43 Example section configuration transverse with variable thickness of the fragment jacket and explosive segments (in this case, four) section Lenticular transverse (basically free design).

Fig. 44 Section configuration example transverse with a shaped surface of explosives and body adapted closure interior.

Fig. 45 Section configuration example transversal with (in this case, eight) segments and designed surface  freely.

Fig. 46 Examples of a longitudinal section with multiple closing inner bodies (for example, divided radially and axially).

Fig. 47 Section configuration example cross section of a projectile or warhead according to figure 42 with body inner closure, in this case built of cylinders in a pressure transmitter matrix.

Fig. 48 Section configuration example cross section of a projectile or warhead according to figure 43 with body Internal segmented closure, single or multiple layers and penetrator central.

Fig. 49 Example of a longitudinal section in the shape of a multiple active body (different stages with different functions) and configuration or coating differentiated.

Fig. 50 Example of any configuration of cross section of a fragmentation projectile or warhead of explosive layer

Fig. 51 Another example of the configuration any of cross section.

Detailed description of manufacturing examples preferred

Fig. 1A shows the basic structure of a 1A explosive layer fragmentation projectile stabilized in rotation, with a fragment shirt / wrapper fragments / a fragmentation projectile shell 2 / a layer of explosives located under the jacket / lining of explosives / explosives surface / pyrotechnic layer 3 and a body inside closure 4. Integrated ignition elements are outlined with control or electronic ignition system of the layer explosives The control and firing of the explosives layer must adjust to the respective current state of the art. Effectiveness of the provision remains largely uninfluenced.

The principle of operation according to the invention also allows the use in stabilized projectiles aerodynamically, as shown schematically in the figure 1B. Also in this case the basic structure of the 1B explosive layer fragmentation projectile with jacket fragments 2, explosive layer 3 and inner closure body 4 and ignition elements and other devices of the projectile or warhead. The positioning of the ignition elements is not relevant for the function of the fragmentation projectile; can be housed in the bottom of the projectile, in the inner closing body 4, in the projectile tip or as modules at various sites (see, for example, figures 24 and 45).

In Figures 2 to 23 and 42 to 45 and 47 to 51, show examples of cross section configuration of projectiles and warheads corresponding to the present invention.

This is how figure 2 shows the section transverse of an explosive layer fragmentation projectile, according to the invention, with fragment jacket 2, explosive layer 3 and inner closure body 4. In the representation, which shows the simplest variant of the possible configurations, the body internal closure 4 correspondingly dynamically no compressible is configured as a solid component homogeneously cylindrical. As materials for the component of closure can be considered basically all the materials that produce a desired dynamic closing effect. His properties dynamic and, in particular, the resulting degree of closure are determinants for the attainable fragment speed or the thickness of the explosive layer needed to get a desired acceleration of the envelope. As already mentioned previously, the closure is, in effect on the speed of obtainable fragments, equivalent to the influence of the thickness of explosives

Other relevant properties on the effect are the geometric dimensions of the fragment envelope or its mass and also its dynamic mechanical properties. A special advantage of the invention is, however, that there is no requirement special regarding the different components. In this way, almost all properties can be achieved by appropriate material selection, without a great technical complication.

A section is shown in figure 3 cross section of an explosive layer fragmentation projectile with an inner closing body 5. In that case, it has a annular cross section surrounding a hollow space 6. The thickness and the material of ring 5 must be selected so that produce a sufficient closure of the explosive layer. The area of explosives may consist of both a layer and also of  two or more similar or different layers. For the basic function, the incompressibility of the medium to be closed is not a prerequisite necessary. Rather, the degree of compressibility exerts a influence on the attainable speed of the fragments at speed up.

A section is represented in figure 4 transverse with an internal multiple closure structure layers, meeting in the inner shirt / inner body 5 made as a hollow cylinder a second inner body / body central 7. Components 5 and 7 can, of course, have Different mechanical and physical properties. It is also conceivable, that an inner body is, first, compacted and that only then produce a sufficient or increased closure. It is also conceivable that a level of closure with changes in the course of time is implemented according to technical requirements through of the configuration or structure of the inner body. Bliss property can be called closing jump. For this purpose it is appropriate a whole series of materials with developments of curves of Corresponding hygoniot. In accordance with these considerations, particularly interesting effects can be achieved with materials that have specific Hygoniot properties. The they include, for example, glass or vitreous substances or liquid or pasty components.

Figure 5 shows an example in which the layer of explosives 3A has a circular appearance on the outside and internally any form (in this example, octagonal). He inner closing body 8 has a corresponding contour. The explosives layer (explosives jacket) 3A can exercise, thanks to its conformation, a differentiated effect on the shirt of fragments In this way, support processes can be supported. fragmentation and influence the shape and speed of fragments

Basically, regarding the properties and the nature specific to the technique and the wrapping material of fragments or projectile or warhead shirt, can be considered, basically, all forms of manufacturing and possibilities technology that are known in relation to projectiles of Conventional fragmentation

Figure 6 shows an example of the body Inner closure of the explosive layer 3B, which in this case it has an octagonal outer cross section and a section circular inner cross. Naturally it is possible to conceive other configuration forms / outer forms of the layer 3B explosives The fragment wrap 2A has an outline inside eight sides, according to the shape of the explosive. In said For example, the wrap fragmentation process can be influenced by the different wrap thicknesses, densities and thicknesses of explosive layers and through properties pyrotechnics

Figure 7 shows an example of basically any cross section of the inner closing body 9, in This rectangular example. In this representation, the body of explosives / explosives portion is separated under the shirt of fragments 2 by means of the inner body, by means of contact / touch surfaces. In this way, a cross section of segmented detonation or else form explosive surface segments. In this sense, a simultaneous or non-simultaneous ignition of explosive segments 10. The inner closing body 9 can also obviously be sized so that the explosive jacket is closed for ring ignition. The inner body 9 can stay in position, for example, by bridges.

In Figure 8, an inner body 11 with (in this example) triangular cross section is combined with inert compensation segments 12 pressure transmitters, which fill the space between the outer surface of 11 and the shirt of 3 ring explosives (cylindrical). Said inert segments 12 for those that apply the same prerequisites with respect to material involved that for the inner closing bodies, They can take the form of fragmentation bodies. In addition, they can contain additional active parts. Naturally, to sayings segments can be assigned other functions. To obtain final ballistics capabilities can be manufactured as subpenetrators of, for example, heavy metals, hard metals or tempered steel

Another structure of a projectile, according to the invention, is shown in figure 9. Two variants of cross sections with inner layers / annular surfaces of dynamic effect This dynamic effectiveness derives from the specific properties of the layer in relation to the passage of waves from shock. In this respect, the interfaces between the layer are decisive. dynamic and adjoining materials. The physical properties are derive from acoustic impedance. It determines the degree of reflection of shock waves at the interface between two means by the m-1 / m + 1 ratio with m as product ratio density and longitudinal velocity of the sound of both media.

The upper part of the image in figure 9 shows a cross section of the projectile with two bodies hollow closing interiors 5, 5A and a dynamic action layer 13 between the layer of explosives 3 and the closure 5. Here, it is located in the center another additional body 7A, for example, a penetrator central. The bottom of the representation shows a layer of dynamic action 13A between the first closing body 5 and a second closing layer 5A as inner part in 5. It does possible to achieve the dynamic effects described above as, for example, damping properties (damping or influencing the passage of shock waves or also amplifying the shock) for the temporary influence on the shock action or of closing and, with it, the speed of fragments, fragmentation and / or fragment distribution.

A section is shown in figure 10 transverse with inner closure body 4 and an action layer 13B dynamics between explosives layer 3 and fragment wrap 3. The properties and structure of dynamic layer 13B make possible to influence the acceleration effect of the layer of explosives 3 on the fragment envelope 2.

The bottom of the cross section in Figure 11 shows a similar structure, being in this case the dynamic action layer 13C positioned in the outer zone of fragmentation of the outer shell of fragments 14, composed of two parts. In this way, the generation of fragments of the fragment shirt 2 arranged above. In the upper part of the cross section is an example with outer shell / projectile shirt 14A and shirt fragments 2 located below. The outer shell design of 14A projectile can not only be derived from ballistic requirements internal, but it can also exercise Dynamic effectiveness in the sense described.

Figure 12 shows an example with wrap exterior 14A and a body of fragments or a matrix 16A. In In this case, 16 or other prefabricated shells can be embedded ballistically effective elements, such as bodies of fragmentation 15. Acceleration / activation occurs again by middle of the explosive jacket 3. In this case, embedded in the inner body 17 is an ignition element 18 that it can also support or additionally cause a breakdown of closure components. Through the sausage of an ignition element 18A in 17 can also be achieved by the formation of a pressure field a compaction effect dynamic. In this way, for example, you can start a disintegration of 17 after entering the target or only in the white interior.

Other examples are shown in Figure 13 with integrated ignition elements. In this case, the configuration of the cross section includes an inner closing body 9 (in the illustration, rectangular) and explosive segments 10A. In the top of the image, the explosive layer or the segment of explosives 10A contains an ignition element 18A that may be formed as a surface device, linear or shaped punctual. The bottom of the representation, an element of corresponding 18B ignition is arranged in the body interior 9.

Figure 14 shows an example configuration of cross section with a surface of explosives 3C, basically in any way, in this case rectangular. Between 3C and fragment layer 2 are transmitting segments 12A of pressure. The inner closing body 9 has, according to the layer of 3C explosives, a rectangular cross section. The 12A segments can once again satisfy, in addition to their function of pressure transmission, a series of other requirements, such as for example a buffering or influential action of the fragment speed of 2. Also in this case, as in the Figures 5 to 7, can be adjusted for fragment wrap different speeds or shapes of fragments, here under the different thickness of the active segments 12A.

Figure 15 represents an example with a two-layer explosive coating 19, 20 and, correspondingly, two closing layers 4A, 21. The ignition of the explosive coatings can be carried out simultaneously or displaced over time. Through such a structure, an especially broad spectrum of action results. Thus, for example, the outer layer can be detonated before the target, the inner component can be detonated by punching the target or only inside the target. In this case, the inner closure layer 4A can be, for example, of a nature such that it has a final ballistic efficiency, that is, it can represent a penetrator. In this way, it is possible to achieve a staggered deployment effect, optimally adapted to the mission of
combat.

An example with a inner body of multiple closure 23, composed in this case of four circular segments 24, which can be made of materials Similar or different. Between segments 24 can be found Layers 25. They may be designated, for example, as dynamically active layers in the sense of description above, that is, be of rubber / elastomeric materials or of materials of plastic or damping properties. The different components 23 can be mounted loose or fixed, for example, by gluing, screwing or vulcanizing. In this example, the projectile structure is equipped with a body central pyrotechnic 22, which achieves an additional effect of disintegration / lateral component (in particular for the different components 24). On the other hand, segments 24 may be of fragmentation, contain bodies or present their own abilities final ballistics in the sense of central penetrators.

Two other examples are shown in Figure 17 with multiple inner closing bodies / central penetrators 26. They consist, for example, of four penetrators cylindrical 27. At the top of the view you will find in the center of cylindrical penetrators 27 a pyrotechnic body 22A central, which prints a component of lateral velocity to the body interior 26, configured as a combination of penetrators. In the lower part of the view is in place of 22A a body central inert 28 (or an interior space) between the components 27A. Under the form of 26 or 27, respectively, the layer of 3D explosives, which envelops the inner body 26 presents a different thickness This results in a different local acceleration. of the fragments of the envelope. The explosives coating can be interrupted by the elements introduced (superior) or be continuous (inferior).

Figure 18 shows an example with a sheath / shell 14A, a fragment shirt 29 with geometric configuration surface arranged below 14A, a correspondingly formed explosive layer 33 and the closure interior 4. A local weakening of the envelope of fragments 29 by means of shape elements 31A, which extend inside the fragment envelope 29, which enables the fragmentation in a determinable mode (for example, in the form of strip, grid for the formation of certain fragments). Be show different configurations of elements 31A. A corresponding principle in figure 19 forms the basis of a cross section configuration with an inner surface geometrically modified from fragment shirt 32 and layer of explosives 31 correspondingly formed.

In figure 20, at the top of the view, the inner surface of the explosive layer 34 is of geometric configuration, forming the explosive layer, in this case, a closed shirt. At the bottom of the view, the explosives component 35 consists of longitudinal bands of explosives or flat elements of explosives 36. In this case, the correspondingly formed 4C inner body functions as separation between the different explosive components.

The explosive envelope principle segmented is also implemented in figure 21. The example shows cross section configuration with closure interior 4 and separating elements inserted in the layer of 36A explosives or geometric structures of basically any setting. In the present example bands 37 are shown extended longitudinally.

Figure 22 shows an example with a ring hollow inner closure 21 and a central inner body 38 made as a container (also, if necessary, supporting the closing effect), with wall 38A. Container load 39 it can be, for example, a solid material, a pasty substance or liquid or a non-homogeneous conglomerate of elements.

Figure 23 also shows configurations of cross sections with container. In the top of the view, the projectile is equipped with a central closure container 38 filled with a liquid, a mass of pasty or compacted powder 39. At the bottom of the view, a inner container 38B with wall 38C and padding 39A are is connected by means of bridges 38D to an inner closing body Central 4B. Depending on what is required, 38D bridges can be formed as independent active parts (inert or pyrotechnically active).

After such examples of configurations of cross sections of provisions corresponding to The present invention follows a series of examples in Figures 24 to 51 of the configuration of the longitudinal sections of the projectiles or corresponding warheads.

Thus, Figure 24 shows a section. longitudinal with fragment jacket 2, explosive layer 3 stepped / variable thickness and an inner closing body 41 multiple. The figure also shows positions for installation of control or ignition elements of the explosive layer. He inner closing body 41 is composed, in this case, of two parts In this way, they can also be achieved, in the sense longitudinal, different fragment speeds and / or different fragment distributions. The control elements or of ignition 40 can be mounted in the head or base area of the projectile, which obviously also applies to others projectile structures presented according to the invention.

A section is shown in figure 25 longitudinal through a projectile with explosives layer of variable thickness and cylindrical fragment jacket in two variants. The upper part of the view shows an arrangement with a layer of explosives 42 variable lengthwise and closing accordingly, the bottom shows a variant of the fragment jacket 43 variable in thickness and layer of explosives 42A variable.

In Figure 26, the explosives / body layer Inside they have a diameter jump. The projectile shown in the upper part of the view is provided with a thickness variable of the explosive layer 44, with an inner body of continuous closure 45 with jump diameter or change in diameter different configuration. The bottom of the view shows a projectile with a split closure body or an inserted penetrator  or penetrating ring 41A of different diameters. Depending on your nature, the inner bodies can meet different functions.

Figure 27 shows an example with thickness Variable of the 44A explosive jacket and cylindrical inner body  4. Fragment wrap 45 and explosives layer 44A It has a diameter jump or a continuous change in diameter.

In the examples in Figure 28, the variant upper is equipped with multiple layers of explosives 47 (in this case, divided) and fragment wrapping adapted. He internal closing body 46 stepped sample, correspondingly, a variable diameter. The projectile shown in the bottom of the view has a layer of explosives 48 Continue with change in diameter.

By provisions pursuant to this invention, it is possible to achieve by means of techniques particularly simple combinations or highly effective configurations of fragment wraps and explosive layers. Shows examples in figures 29 to 31, taking as a starting point a projectile as shown in figure 24.

Thus, Figure 29 shows a geometric configuration of the fragment shirt for the obtaining desired effects or preferred addresses of fragments In this case, address control is implemented and a rotation of the fragment bodies / fragment rings 50. In this case, the explosive layer 49 of serrated configuration in longitudinal section is continuously provided with a cylindrical inner closure body 4. The example shown in the Figure 30, with separate 49A explosive layers, produces a control of the direction of the 50A fragment bodies. The body Internal closure 4 is geometrically adapted. The Figure 31 shows a coating of fragments 51 for different fragment addresses and fragment speeds with layer of explosives 49B adapted accordingly.

Figures 32 to 34 and 37 to 41 show other configurations of the arrangement, according to the invention, by the combination of well known projectile components. In the Figures 35 and 36 show examples of integration / combination of provisions with penetrators.

Fig. 32 shows two longitudinal sections with fragment body 2 coated with explosives located inwardly and a space 52 between the outer envelope 14B and the fragment body and an empty ballistic cover 53 empty or partially filled (top of view) and a tip solid / full (bottom of view). That illustration represents, for example, subcaliber projectiles, projectiles with propulsion mirror or full caliber projectiles with part smaller diameter active inside.

Figure 33 shows two sections longitudinal with full explosives coating 3 and 54 (continuous). The upper part of the view shows the body of the projectile and the tip area 55 closed internally, the part bottom of view, a tip 56 full of explosives.

Figure 34 shows a section longitudinal with a body of explosives 57, basically of any shape, inserted in the inner zone of closure 4. A explosives component of this type can produce locally lateral velocities of particularly high fragments or also in the same body 4 desired effects, such as compressions or mechanical loads up to disintegrations or phenomena of acceleration.

Figure 35 shows two sections longitudinal with a hard or heavy metal core 58 embedded in the inner closing zone 4 (upper part of the view) and a thin cylinder with tip 59 (bottom of view). Naturally, any variant of a body of final ballistic effect. The combination of penetration capacity and fragmentation effect shown in this case covers a spectrum of especially wide action.

Figure 36 shows two examples with a core 58A (in this case, pointed) embedded in the inner zone of closure, with 60 conical inward rear area inward. Through explosive backup 61 acceleration can be implemented and / or a disintegration of nucleus 58A (upper part of the view). The lower part of the view shows a staggered core 58B and conical back 62, with explosive centering back 61A core accelerator. The senses of the effect of rear zone configurations with core and wrap fragments are indicated symbolically by arrows 60A and 62A.

Figure 37 shows two sections. Longitudinal with 64 internal body and explosives coating 63 corresponding, in conjunction with a tip module 72 for a directed fragmentation effect increased axially (part top of view) and a directional effect of fragmentation by forming the inner closure body 64, surface of explosives 66 and fragment wrap 65 (bottom of the view). The corresponding arrows 72A, 65A are also indicated. symbolically represent the senses of the effect (see also figure 40).

Figure 38 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to the bottom of the view of figure 37 with a jacket of fragments 67 and components of additional fragments in a fragment pocket or fragment ring 68 with the 68A active parts embedded (action arrows 68B). Figure 39 shows two longitudinal sections with (in this case) bodies 70A two-stage closure interiors with fragmentation effect directed by means of a special configuration of the inner body of closure 70 or 70A and coating of explosives 69 (upper) and a discontinuous explosive coating / explosive rings separated 69A (bottom).

Figure 40 shows an example with a body of additional 73 fragments, primarily axially accelerated (symbolically represented by action arrows 73A) in the frontal area of the projectile, accelerated by a surface of explosives 71, closed by the inner body 4, of the jacket fragments 3.

Figure 41 shows two sections longitudinal with partial explosive coating in the form of a closed body with front core / stepped core 74 (higher). A front core 74A of this type can also install separately. Said front core 74A may be composed, for example, of a highly effective material in the sense of final ballistics such as hard or heavy metal or a brittle material disintegrable under dynamic load due to impact, for example, Highly brittle tungsten carbide or pre-fragmented bodies.  It is primarily used to drill targets from solid plates. In by virtue of the staggered configuration the attack on an inclined plate.

Figure 42 represents a configuration of cross section with projectiles or warheads accelerated by explosives, according to the invention, with individual segments 75 (in this case, four). Individual segments 75 correspond in its mode of operation to those of the examples already shown with circular cross section. Individual segments can be controlled separately by virtue of segmentation and separation 76, which can be both an internal structure / wall bearing, as well as a barrier of shock waves. The example previous voucher for penetrators or warheads with a coating partial in longitudinal direction / axial direction, in which it is given the possibility of a partial field covering in space by fragments

Figure 43 shows an example of thickness variable shirt fragments 77 and (in this case, four) segments of explosives 78 of lenticular cross section (but basically freely conformed). The internal contour of the explosive segments 78 is formed by the inner body of corresponding closure 9A. It is obvious, that the fragment layer and the of explosives can be extended, according to figure 42, separated or you continue Through provisions of this type can be achieved distributions of differentiated fragments, which in figure 43 they are symbolized for a segment by means of the set of arrows 78A.

Figure 44 shows an example of the cross section configuration with explosives surface 80  in the form of convex bands and inner closing bodies 9B adapted. Figure 45 shows a corresponding example with (in this case, eight) segments 81 with the explosive lining 80A, separated by surfaces 75A. While in figure 44, the fragmentation arrangement is in a wrap 14, in figure 45 the fragmentation bands 79A (or homogeneous) are They are free. Additionally, said example it has a central ring 82 that supports the closing action with respect to segments 81. In addition, the cylinder 82 can be hollow or contain a central penetrator.

Figure 46 shows a longitudinal section of a projectile structure 83 in principle, with a multiple body closure interior constructed of radial, axial or combined. In this way, the closing action can be combined with a prior mechanical fragmentation or can be assembled differently bodies of different mechanical and physical properties.

Figure 47 shows the configurations of cross sections of a projectile, according to figure 46, with fragment shirt and inner closure body 84, in this case constructed of 86 cylinders (continuous or stacked) of equal or different diameter or materials in a transmitter array 85 Pressure. The central zone 87 may be formed by a penetrator or equally filled with individual bodies. Can also be installed a pyrotechnic component corresponding to figure 12. Cylinders 86 may have a higher tuning coefficient. (length / diameter ratio) or be formed from a stack of short cylinders Figure 48 shows another example of the cross section configuration of a projectile as seen in Figure 46, with internal closing body 88 segmented from one or more layers and a central 82A penetrator.

A section is shown in figure 49 length of an explosive layer fragmentation projectile 89, built in the form of a multiple active / multi-stage body. It can be formed, for example, from different sections separated by means of a layer 91 or joined of different functions or structural spaces 90 incorporated.

In the examples shown so far, showed cylindrical fragment wraps. It naturally it is not a necessary prerequisite for provisions conforming to the invention. Rather, through accelerating elements in the form of layers, it is possible to implement any desired shape, even with external components, without any restriction of effectiveness. In this way, there are no limits in terms of design. Likewise, It is obvious that the provisions regarding the invention are not limited to individual bodies Precisely, by virtue of the freedom of design the corresponding fragmentation devices can Arrange in groups.

Figures 50 and 51 are shown in this regard. Some examples. Thus, in figure 50 the body of fragments 92 has a rectangular section, accelerated by a layer of explosives 3F, according to figure 14. In figure 51, the Fragment wrap has an octagonal cross section 92A, as an example of the desired conformation. In this case, the Acceleration is done by an annular explosive layer 3.

Naturally, the provisions indicated as Examples are combinable in both a projectile and an ogive, as long as this makes sense.

The characteristics are summarized below. Essentials and advantages of the invention:

The active fragmentation components or fragment or subprojectile container wraps are accelerated by means of a layer of explosives, thin in relation to the diameter of the projectile or warhead.

The mass of explosives necessary for the fragment acceleration is minimized. With speeds of comparable fragments or subprojectiles, the mass of explosives can be reduced by 50% to 80% compared to projectiles conventional explosives, depending on the caliber and the respective technical configuration.

The mass of explosives saved is at provision as additional active mass. It means that it considerably expands the freedom in projectile design or accelerating warheads of fragments and subprojectiles.

The smallest thickness of the explosive layer is determined by the assurance of ignition or detonation. Very thin flat explosive layers can be detonated by introducing auxiliary ignition means such as example, explosive wicks. Also, the selection of explosives is free, so that it is possible to make very thin thicknesses of up to a magnitude of 2 mm.

Through layers of explosive thicknesses older, depending on the inner closure, they can disintegrate or accelerate at high speeds wraps correspondingly thick. The theoretical maximum speed of the fragments is reached approximately using layers of explosives of the magnitude of 20 mm with a high level of inner closure.

The explosives layer can be set to shape of a hollow cylinder and have a wall thickness and / or shape of constant or varied cross section.

The explosives layer can be prefabricated in film or body shape of any shape and introduced, molded or inserted in any way, for example, fitted to pressure or suction under vacuum. It can also be composed of a layer or a plurality of overlapping layers.

A projectile or warhead may contain a layer of explosives continue or be constructed of a plurality of layers of explosives, both axially and also in the direction radial.

The explosive layer can be homogeneous or contain aggregates or inlaid bodies.

The ignition of the explosive layer or the explosive zones or explosive fragments can be carried out in any conceivable way, according to the current state of the technique in relation to explosive or ogive projectiles.

The speed and direction of the fragments or subprojectiles can be varied within very wide limits by medium of the type of ignition and the layer configuration of Explosives and interior bodies.

The inner closing body can be one or more pieces It can be composed of metallic materials or not metallic or a combination thereof. Consequently, it find an almost infinite variety of materials of choice Different mechanical, physical or chemical properties. In this way, a homogeneous metallic inner body, on the one hand, can be composed, for example, of a metal of reduced density such as magnesium, on the other hand of a heavy or hard metal body (homogeneous or segmented) high density with a capacity correspondingly high final ballistics.

Through the properties of the inner body or of the inner bodies under high pressure load (properties from Hygoniot) their behavior can be determined or they can, together with the pyrotechnic components used and the projectile or warhead technical configuration, select specifically materials with certain properties dynamic

Inner closing inner bodies homogeneous may be composed of a metallic substance or not metallic or contain such substances, capable of reacting under High pressure at high local temperatures.

Of the possible combinations with respect to bodies interior closures it turns out that (for example, by application of different materials, such as through inlay of subprojectiles in a matrix material) practically There are no limits to the bandwidth of the design.

The inner closing body can be of brittle or brittle material under dynamic load. It may also be prior fragmentation or subject to mechanical or thermal pretreatment

The inner closing body can also be made as a hollow body or, being of a sectional surface transversal, contain a hollow space. Said interior hollow space it can, for its part, be empty or full of one more substance or less hermetic. This results in another possibility in terms of influencing the closing effect and, with it, the speed or acceleration of the shell of fragmentation shells or subprojectile or ogive ejectors.

In a special configuration, the body Inside closure can represent or include a container. He interior hollow space or the introduced container may be full of, for example, a solid, dusty, pasty substance or liquid In addition, it may contain a reactive substance such as example, a combustible liquid.

In the simplest case, the envelope of the Projectile or ogive is homogeneous. Regarding your pretreatment to support fragment formation, all can be applied the processes and techniques that correspond to the current state of the technique in conventional fragmentation shells.

The accelerated envelope can also total- or partially be composed of preformed fragments or subprojectiles Such a layer can represent itself the shell of the projectile or can be incorporated as a layer between the Explosive and outer wrap. Through this structure can also be arranged between the explosive layer and the envelope exterior a layer of prior fragmentation or very brittle or a layer that becomes brittle under dynamic load.

In the case of large caliber ammunition or warheads it is also conceivable that between the explosive layer and the outer wrap is an intermediate layer filled with a pasty or liquid substance, which may also contain substances solid or individual bodies.

Between the explosive layer and the inner body There may be a layer that dynamically supports the effect of closing. Its mode of operation is determined by the acoustic impedance of the materials involved.

Also, between the explosive layer and the fragment wrap may be provided a means of action of dynamic closure as a layer to reduce the impact of acceleration.

The explosive layer may be constructed of interconnected surfaces or surfaces separated in the direction radial or axial

The explosive layer may have a surface (contour) in any way, so that they can be achieved fragment shapes and also different fragment speeds locally

By means of the shape of the inner closure, the explosive layer may form an angle to the axis of the projectile Thus, fragments or subprojectiles can accelerate in a directionally controlled manner. Provisions of this type can be arranged both at certain points of the projectile (for example, in the tip area) or spread over whole surface

The explosive layer has, as a rule, The shape of a hollow cylinder. It can be opened in the ends or closed on one or both sides by a layer of front or rear explosives

Over the entire length of penetrators can insert explosive discs (explosive bridges). With this, for example, can accelerate inner bodies in the sense axial.

Through a coating of explosives front pieces of the tip can be accelerated. Additionally, the projectile or warhead tip can be fully or partially filled of explosives

The tip or tip area may be composed of an inert body of final ballistic effect or contain such a body to get ballistic effects through this component late.

Other configurations of conforming provisions to the present invention result from the introduction of a component Additional pyrotechnic inside the inner closing body. the same can be triggered by ignition of the explosive layer or activate directly. In provisions of this type they can, for example, as fragment supplements or subprojectiles, occur from the envelope area elements accelerated radially from the inner zone.

The function and efficiency of provisions according to the invention are independent of the type of stabilization. In this way, active bodies can be fired projectiles by cannons, missiles of a missile or rocket, parts of a bomb or the active part of a torpedo.

Reference List

1A

explosive layer fragmentation projectile stabilized in rotation with fragment jacket 2, layer of explosives 3 and inner closing body 4

1 B

explosive layer fragmentation projectile stabilized in arrow with fragment jacket 2, layer of explosives 3 and inner closing body 4

2

fragment wrap / shirt fragments / shell fragmentation shell

2A

fragment wrap of basically any cross section (in this case, octagonal)

3

explosives liner / lining explosives / explosives layer / explosives surface / layer pyrotechnics

3A

shirt fragments of basically any internal cross section (in this case, polygonal)

3B

explosive layer of basically any outer cross section (in this case, octagonal)

3C

explosive layer of basically any cross section (in this case, rectangular)

3D

intermediate space between 27 and 2 filled with explosives

4

inner closure / inner closure body

4A

closure for 20

4B

central inner body

4C

inner body with structure superficial

5

hollow closure inner body / inner shirt closure / inner ring / support ring

5A

second closing layer (inside)

6

central hollow space (of any section cross)

7

second inner closing body (in this case, inside)

7A

inner body / central penetrator

8

inner closing body of basically any cross section (in this case, octagonal)

9

inner closing body of basically any cross section (in this case, rectangular)

9A

inner closing body

9B

inner closing body

9C

inner closing body

10

explosives segment between 9 and 2

10A

explosives segment between 9 and 2

eleven

central body of basically any section transverse (in this case, triangular)

12

inert segment / pressure transmitter (homogeneous or containing bodies) / fragmentation segment between 11 and 3

12A

inert segment / pressure transmitter (homogeneous or containing bodies) / fragmentation segment between 3C and 2

13

dynamic action layer between 9 and 3

13A

dynamic action layer between 5 and 7

13B

dynamic action layer between 3 and 2

13C

dynamic action layer between 2 and 14

14

outer fragment ring

14 TO

projectile wrap / projectile jacket / wrap Exterior

14B

projectile shell / warhead wall

fifteen

fragments / annular surface containing elements preformed between 14 and 3

16

16A embedded bodies / fragments preformed / preformed projectiles

16A

matrix of 15

17

inner body (centered or offset) with ignition element 18 inlay

18

ignition element embedded in 17 (cord detonating)

18

ignition element at 10A, 18

18B

ignition element inserted in 10A / line ignition of any form and any section cross

19

outer explosive layer

twenty

inner explosive layer

twenty-one

internal active jacket / internal fragment ring (closure for 19 and fragment wrap for 20)

22

central load (detonating cord) / body pyrotechnic

22A

central explosive body for acceleration radial or disintegration of 26

2. 3

multiple inner body (in this case, divided into four cross sections of circular segment 24)

24

individual element of 23

25

separation / separation layer between the elements 24

26

multiple inner body of basically any form (in this case, by four cylinders 27 or 27A)

27

cylinder / body of basically any section transversal (in this case, circular)

27A

body of basically any section transversal (in this case, circular)

28

inert central body in 26 / interior space / space hole

29

fragment wrap with wall thickness variable / with incisions / with internal structure 30

30

incision / interior structure

31

outer contour explosive layer structured

31A

explosive element / explosive bridge

32

fragment wrap with inner side structured / inner side occupied with shape pieces

33

explosive wrap with inserts

3. 4

layer of explosives with change of diameters / jump of diameters / grooves / inserts on the inner side

35

explosive layer (composed of flat elements) segmented / interrupted / bridge-like

36

explosives band / flat element of explosives

36A

explosives band / segment explosives

37

separation layer / separation element / bands separation / grid separation between 36A

38

central container / inner body

38A

wall of 38

38B

container in the form of a layer intermediate

38C

38B wall

38D

bridge / clamping / connection structure

39

load / content 38

39A

load / content of 38B / liquid ring

40

control / ignition element

41

multi-closure / multi-stage body

41A

multiple closure body (of equal diameters or unequal)

42

layer of explosives of variable thickness (in this case, variable inside diameter)

42A

as 42, variable outside diameter

43

thick fragment wrap variable

44

explosive shirt with diameter jump (in this case, inside) / diameter change

44A

diameter jump / diameter change

Four. Five

stepped fragment wrap / wrap variable thickness fragments

46

stepped inner body

47

split / multiple explosive shirt

48

explosive shirt with jump diameters / change diameter

49

explosive shirt (in this case, continuous) to a directed fragmentation effect

49A

explosives shirt composed of sectors individual / separate connected annular surfaces,

49B

structured explosive shirt (in this case, composed of annular surfaces with cross section of circular element)

fifty

fragment coating to achieve an effect managed

50A

segmented fragment coating of 49A

51

fragment wrap composed of rings convex

52

hollow space between 2 and 14B (empty or with structure inside)

53

explosive jacket tip 54 / ballistic cover Exterior

54

layer of explosives in 53

55

inner closing body in 53

56

tip full of explosives / agent pyrotechnic

57

explosive body embedded in 4

58

penetrator embedded in 4 (in this case, core 58 of hard metal, heavy metal or steel)

58A

core with inner rear cone 60

58B

core with tapered back 62

59

penetrator / central cylinder embedded in 4

60

inner rear cone in 58A

60A

arrows symbolizing the sense of the effect of the explosives zone 61

61

explosive zone at the back of 58A for acceleration / disintegration of 58A

61A

explosive zone at the back of 58B to 58B acceleration

62

58B tapered back

62A

arrows symbolizing the sense of the effect of the explosive zone 61 A

63

explosive coating for an effect of partially reinforced axial fragmentation

64

inner body in 63

64A

inner body in 65

65

fragment wrap with fragmentation effect axial

65A

arrow symbolizing the sense of effect

66

explosives shirt

67

explosive shirt corresponding to 65, with fragment pocket 68

68

fragment pocket / ring fragments

68A

body embedded in 68

68B

arrows symbolizing the sense of the effect of Fragment pockets 67

69

explosive wrap with inner diameter variable for a directed fragment acceleration

69A

explosive wrap elements for the directed fragment acceleration (in this case, with a layer of sectorized / multi-stage explosives)

70

inner closing body with outer contour for a directed fragmentation effect

70A

inner closing body with outer contour for a directed fragmentation effect

71

explosive zone acting axially

72

tip module with fragmentation effect managed

73

arrow symbolizing the sense of effect

73A

arrows symbolizing the sense of the effect of 73 fragment coatings

74

internal closing body with partial lining of explosives

74A

multiple inner body with tip staggered

75

segment of an inner closing body with cylindrical contour

75A

segment of an inner closing body with cylindrical contour

76

separation surface

77

fragment shirt

78

lenticular explosives segment / segment any cross section

78A

arrow symbolizing the sense of effect

79

fragment segment

79A

fragment segment

79B

79A accelerated fragment segment

79C

fragment segment 79A disintegrated and accelerated

80

ring of explosives composed of segments of any configuration

80A

explosives segment of any setting

81

segment of an inner closing body with any contour

82

inner body, central penetrator

82A

inner body, central penetrator

83

inner closing body built / composed in sections

84

ring composed of rods / cylinders / bodies any cross section

85

separation layer between 80

86

rods / cylinders / bodies of any section cross

87

central body

88

section configuration rings

89

projectile with inner closing bodies different

90

inert sector

91

distance / inner element cushion / layer separation

92

fragment ring / fragment shirt any shape (in this case, square)

92A

fragment ring / fragment shirt any form (in this case, octagonal)

Claims (29)

1. Explosive projectile with a fragmentation projectile shell (2) and a layer of explosives (3) disposed inside the projectile envelope (2), characterized in that an explosive layer (3) is arranged inside inner body (4) that closes the explosive layer, the explosive layer (3) being thin compared to the diameter of the projectile. 2. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the explosive layer (3) is between 2 mm and 20 mm. 3. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) has the shape of a hollow wall cylinder and / or a constant or variable cross-sectional shape. 4. Explosive projectile according to claim 3, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) represents a hollow cylinder with closed ends or intermediate layers of one or both sides. 5. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) is homogeneous or contains aggregates or embedded bodies. 6. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition of the different segments of explosives (10) or of a plurality of layers of explosives is carried out in a timely, linear or annular manner at one or more sites. 7. Explosive projectile according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the ignition is carried out by means of a trigger of time, distance or impact, through a program controlled signal or by means of radio. 8. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (4) is of a one-piece or multi-piece structure. 9. An explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (4) is composed of a brittle material or a material that becomes brittle under dynamic loading. 10. Explosive projectile according to claim 8, characterized in that the inner body (4) is configured as a central penetrator or contains a central penetrator or is composed of a plurality of subprojectiles or contains subprojectiles. 11. Explosive projectile according to claim 8, characterized in that the inner body (4) is previously fragmented or previously treated mechanically or thermally. 12. Explosive projectile according to claim 10, characterized in that the subprojectiles include an inert volume. 13. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (4) represents or contains a container. 14. Explosive projectile according to claim 13, characterized in that the inner body (4) is filled with an inert or reactive medium. 15. Explosive projectile according to claim 13, characterized in that the inner body (4) contains a pyrotechnic element. 16. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer that dynamically supports the closing effect is located between the explosive layer (3) and the inner body (4). 17. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile has two or more layers of explosives radially. 18. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) is constructed of interconnected surfaces or separate surfaces (radially and / or axially). 19. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) forms an angle with respect to the axis of the projectile. 20. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of the projectile (2) is composed entirely or partially of preformed fragments.

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21. Explosive projectile according to claim 20, characterized in that the fragments are accelerated in a directionally controlled manner. 22. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a fragment body is inserted between the explosive layer (3) and the projectile shell (2). 23. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer of a brittle material is arranged between the explosive layer (3) and the shell of the projectile (2). 24. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a dynamic damping means is located between the explosive layer (3) and the shell of the projectile (2). 25. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid jacket is interposed between the explosive layer (3) and the projectile shell (2). 26. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a hollow space is found between the explosive layer (3) and the shell of the projectile (2). 27. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile is of a structure of one or more stages in the axial direction. 28. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a point or tip area of the projectile is composed of an active inert part in terms of final ballistics. 29. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile is constructed as an active body of a plurality of parts / multistages.