RU2407980C2 - Explosive shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: explosive shell with the cover forming fragments and the layer of explosive located inside the shell cover. Inner body is located inside the explosive and forms a face cut for the explosive layer, and explosive layer is thin with respect to the shell diameter; at that, thickness of the explosive layer is 2 to 7.5 mm.

EFFECT: reaching at the end of ballistic flight the high efficiency of shells and warheads forming fragments irrespective of impact speed when using, if possible, small amount of explosive.

Description

The invention relates to an explosive projectile forming fragments or submunitions.

Explosive shells are used to irrespective of the speed of impact of the projectile or warhead with the help of fragments that have been accelerated by explosives, with large initial velocity on the final part of the ballistic impact to hit the area light targets. Explosive shells of this kind are distinguished by the fact that most of their volume is occupied by explosives. Owing to their design, explosive shells or explosive-filled warheads contain a relatively large mass of explosive, too much of which is ineffective, and partially cannot even act for physical reasons. This largely limits the range of hitherto known ammunition, the creation of which focuses on the performance of the fragmentation shell and pyrotechnic components.

For shell-forming shell fragments, the distribution of fairly rapidly accelerating fragments over the largest possible area representing the target, or covering as large a space (depth) as possible, is crucial. With purely explosive shells, this goal, however, can only be achieved to a limited extent, since with detonation the possibilities of controlling the formation of fragments and the distribution of fragments are limited. Due to the sufficient rate of impact of the projectile and the use of a relatively small amount of explosive, the above requirements are still achieved with the help of so-called ALP-projectiles (active laterally active penetrators). For such laterally expanding, active shells based on the PELE principle (penetrators with increased lateral action), achievable lateral speeds, however, are limited depending on the type and weight of the pyrotechnic means used and the design. This is fully consistent with the target installation of this kind of penetrator or warhead, since its own final ballistic power is realized through the velocity of the projectile. The principle of operation of ALP shells is to actively penetrate the penetrator before reaching the target into fragments and submunitions. The speed of these components is determined by the inherent small amount of explosive, the energy of which is transmitted through an inert transfer medium in accordance with the theory of shock waves and the materials used to external active components. The velocities of these active components are in the range between several and approximately 200 m / s. The effectiveness, or breakdown power, of the active parts in this case with ALP-shells, like existing balanced shells, depends, first of all, on the speed of impact.

Until now, for explosive shells, known systems are limited to the design of the charge and the execution of the fragmentation shell. A representative example of charge design is described in US 5,243,916. First of all, a small sensitivity of the ammunition should be achieved in it due to the fact that the internal blasting component of the explosive is surrounded by load-bearing components. Modifications, first of all, are aimed at ensuring the general detonation of the entire charge in order to obtain a sufficient velocity of fragments. But fundamentally here we are talking about a purely explosive shell of a known type. The boundary surfaces between the components of the explosive are preferably in the form of a star. A large number of possible combinations are proposed, which mainly differ only in the components of the explosive mixture and various additives. The outer layer may also consist of a chemically reactive substance, for example, for the formation of gas.

For warheads and guided missiles, the clear goal is to achieve, with the help of a special design, the most gentle dispersal of submunitions or tanks installed externally under the influence of explosives. As a level of knowledge can be given two documents DE 3522008 C2 and EP 0718590 A1. The fragmentation effect of a guided projectile from DE 3522008 C2 is determined by the shell 12 of the warhead 11 around the propulsion system 16. In general, it is stated that a certain shell thickness is sufficient to create the desired breakdown power. This applies exclusively to targets subject to destruction by guided projectiles. The transfer to ammunition is impossible. No physical laws are specified or any general calculation rules are given. When hit, we are talking about bodies that are completely or mostly hollow, so that no clogging effect is observed. The assertion that it is not necessary to arrange a large mass of explosive material over the entire cross section of a guided projectile in order to obtain high penetration power relates to the distribution of explosive material in the inner hollow shell of a warhead. At the same time, without a doubt, in the interior of the guided projectile there is a drive, control devices and an effective charge. The inner shell 12c is not given any function in connection with the fragmentation shell. It is rather a case of a propulsion system with controls. This is confirmed by the fact that between this shell 12c and the explosive charge there is an insulation layer of heat-absorbing material. The decisive advantage of internal jamming, which in its effect on the achievable speed of the fragments is equivalent to the influence of the thickness of the explosive, is not considered and cannot take place with the proposed system.

EP 0718590 describes the active part of a rocket or warhead, which accelerates preformed elements by increasing the amount of lateral efficiency by using an explosive charge having an annular cross section. The main goal of the described construction is to convert the high detonation velocity of the explosive layer into a relatively low expansion speed of accelerated elements, or active parts. An explosive accelerating ring 43 is initiated through a fuel pellet ring (incendiary element 82). The shell 43 of explosive in its design and its action is basically identical to the device described in DE 3522008. Using the properties of an explosive or a mixture of explosives, it affects, in particular, the expansion speed in combination with the determination of the parameters of the surrounding submunitions (56).

Further known are shells that have a pyrotechnic charge to increase the impact at the end of a ballistic flight. US 3,302,570 is a representative example. It describes the type of projectile, which, first of all, is designed to penetrate protective structures from armor while minimizing the required energy of the projectile. This goal is achieved using a massive penetrator element in the form of a core of heavy metal with a relatively small diameter and relatively large length. Additionally, the effect should increase, except for this purpose, due to the use of explosives or incendiary. At the same time, the effect of two incendiary compositions and scattering processes specific to shells is indicated as factors along with the actual penetration of the target.

High density combustible material surrounds the penetrator with a thickened head. The high-density material surrounding the penetrator gives it additional mass and thus the projectile energy and penetrates through the hole punched by the element head. Due to the increased diameter of the head, the breakdown of the combustible material must be prevented. Due to the crushing of the piercing element when passing through solid targets, ignition of combustible material occurs, due to which fragments are created or incendiary means are delivered to the target. At the rear of the projectile, the central penetrator and the combustible material surrounding it are enclosed in the projectile’s own body, which is required to stabilize the projectile in the pipe and in flight. Using the cutting edges on the hardened front edge of the projectile body, the hole should be enlarged, which is first made by the central main penetrator in the target material, as a result, along with the target material falling inside, more damage is caused. To fill the space between the central penetrator (13) and the shell body (17), another layer of combustible material (16) of small thickness is laid. An additional layer should hold the central penetrator in position. When a shell breaks when it hits a harder target, ignition of the combustible composition occurs. The inventive idea is thus different from that of the present invention. In US 3,302,570 combustible materials are delivered to the target, which are ignited at the end of ballistic processes. We are not talking about the increase in pressure inside the charge. This form of projectile is not an explosive projectile in the original sense. The function of the invention is not provided and is not expressly stated.

For existing explosive materials, a significant part of the pyrotechnic components cannot make a significant contribution to the acceleration of fragments. Due to the detonation of the explosive, this part is dissociated, and the fragmentation shell is accelerated mainly due to the reaction gases. The lateral acceleration of the fragmentation shell contributes to a direct increase in volume and thus to unloading, so that the pressure components of the internal body of the explosive can only create a correspondingly reduced acceleration component.

The technical result of this invention is to obtain high efficiency at the end of a ballistic flight of fragmentation shells and warheads, regardless of the speed of impact when using as low an explosive mass as possible. This is achieved by combining an explosive cladding with a clogging inner body in combination with an outer shell accelerating to a high speed. Thanks to this system, not only the best conversion of explosive energy is achieved, but also great opportunities open up in terms of freedom of action in terms of constructing this kind of ammunition or warheads. The velocities of fragments or submunitions achieved with relatively small explosive charges lie between less than 100 to almost 2000 m / s and are thus close to the velocities of purely explosive shells. Due to the explosive compression of the internal body forming the stubble, a wide field of additional action possibilities arises. In particular, it becomes possible to use the internal body to increase the power of the entire system. For example, this is the use of special materials, multi-layer systems, the installation of sub-shells and the integration of additional pyrotechnic components for fragmentation and / or acceleration of the internal body. Further, using the execution of internal stemming, an impact on the management of fragments, which is impossible with existing explosive shells in this form, can be achieved. A special effect can also be obtained by integrating reaction-forming clogging elements inside a penetrator or warhead. In combination with the structural advantages and the possibility of using other active components, the total power of the munitions proposed here with accelerating fragments lies significantly higher than the same known explosive shells or special munitions.

The present invention is based mainly on the action of internal clogging in conjunction with a significantly reduced explosive mass to achieve fragmentation or submunition velocities comparable to existing explosive shells. Next, an assessment of the achievable velocity of the fragments.

In principle, the speed of the shell is determined by three effects that are largely independent of each other: the distribution of mass between the shell to be accelerated and the internal support, the energy of the explosive layer (energy per unit volume and thickness), and the accepted size of the surface element (it affects size of fragments). This point is clearly explained using a theoretical estimate of the velocity of fragments, which can be carried out using the Gumey equation, known from specialized literature. Two approaches are proposed for the system available here: one proceeds from a cylindrical shape, the other is based on a reamer of a cylindrical structure in order to obtain an even surface element. In this case, this would correspond, to a first approximation, to a reactive defense system. There, the decisive role is played not only by the mass distribution of both accelerating sheets (i.e., clogging conditions), but also by the size of the sandwich. With an explosive layer thickness of 10 mm and a steel shell thickness of 5 mm, as well as powerful one-sided jamming according to Gumey for very large surfaces, speeds of 1500 m / s are obtained. With a back sheet thickness of 10 mm, another 750 m / s is obtained as a result of calculations. With a narrow sandwich (strip), about 60% of this value is reached.

Other calculation examples: without edge influence (i.e. a sufficiently elongated element size is assumed), the theoretical speed with a 5 mm steel shell, a larger explosive thickness (> 20 mm) and significant internal stemming is more than 2000 m / s. With a shell thickness of 5 mm and an explosive layer with a thickness of 5 mm, as well as internal jamming using a hollow aluminum cylinder with a thickness of 20 mm, the initial velocity of the fragments is at a level of 1000 m / s, and the speed of a hollow cylinder accelerating inward, due to a small stem is at a level of about 500 m / s. With a combination of a steel shell with a thickness of 8 mm and an explosive layer with a thickness of 20 mm, as well as with various internal stemming, the values fluctuate between 800 m / s (strong stemming) and 200 m / s (weak stemming). These calculation examples also show that using systems in accordance with the invention it is possible to cover a wide range of velocities of fragments or submunitions.

When evaluating the speed of fragments of cylindrical structures, the Gumey equation is proposed for explosive ordnance of an existing structure

v = D / 3 (M / C + 0.5) ^-0.5 ,

where D is the detonation velocity, M is the mass of the shell (capacity, lining), C is the mass of the explosive. In this case, D / 3 can be taken as a good approximation to the characteristic speed according to Gumey. Thus, the velocity of the fragments is proportional to the detonation velocity of the explosive used. For general considerations, for D / 3, one can start from values between 2600 and 3000 m / s (average value 2800 m / s). This formulation is useful since in most cases the detonation velocity is known earlier than the Gumey velocity.

The following calculation examples should make the relations with these approaches clear: with an outer diameter of 100 mm and a shell wall thickness of 10 mm (inner diameter of 80 mm), as well as an explosive layer thickness of 5 mm, the fragments / shell velocity is 25% of the velocity Gumey. With an internal diameter of 40 mm (i.e., with an explosive layer thickness of 20 mm), 45% of Gumey’s speed is obtained, i.e. approximately 1260 m / s. With an internal diameter of 60 mm and an explosive layer 10 mm thick, the calculations give 35% of Gumey velocity (about 1000 m / s). With a shell filled with explosive, 50% of the Gumey speed is obtained, i.e. about 1400 m / s. With an ideal one-sided (internal) jamming and a very thick layer of explosive (> 30 mm) with large surfaces (or diameters), approximately Gumey speed is achieved.

Using the internal stemming, which is the main feature of the invention, the optimal conversion of the explosive energy to the speed of the fragments is carried out, thus achieving high speeds with a relatively small thickness of the explosive. The effect of internal stemming may be accounted for by a factor that should be designated as stemming factor (VF). It depends on the values of M / C, M _{internal stemming} / M _shell , rho _core , sigma _core and Hygoniot-properties of the internal environment. We can proceed from the following estimates: with thick shells and a thick layer of explosive, as well as with thin shells and a thick layer of explosive, the clogging factor is equal to from 1.1 to 1.2. This corresponds to an increase in speed from 10 to 20%.

When combining a thick shell with a thinner layer of explosive and a thinner shell with a thicker layer of explosive, the clogging factor is obtained from 1.2 to 1.3 (from 20 to 30% increase in speed). Thus, very high fragmentation velocities of up to about 2000 m / s can be obtained using strong stemming and corresponding explosives; on the other hand, using relatively weak jamming internal bodies and sluggish explosives, relatively small fragmentation or submunition velocities are achieved with respectively smooth acceleration.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figa. The principal construction of a rotationally stabilized fragmentation shell equipped with a layer of explosive with a fragmentation shell, a layer of explosive and a clogging inner body, as well as control and ignition elements.

Figv. The principal design of the plumage stabilized fragmentation projectile equipped with a layer of explosive with a fragmentation shell, a layer of explosive and a clogging internal body, as well as control and ignition elements.

Figure 2. An example of a cross-sectional view of a fragmentation projectile provided with a layer of explosive, with a fragmentation shell, a layer of explosive and a clogging inner body.

Figure 3. A cross-section of a fragmentation projectile provided with a layer of explosive with a clogging inner ring or a clogging hollow inner body.

figure 4. Cross section of a fragmentation projectile equipped with a layer of explosive, with a multilayer clinker-forming internal structure.

Figure 5. An example of a cross section with a round outer cross section and an arbitrary (here octagonal) inner cross section of an explosive layer.

6. An example of a cross section with an inner body forming a stub and a round inner cross section and an arbitrary (here octagonal) outer cross section of an explosive layer.

7. An example of a cross-section with an arbitrary (here square) cross-section of a clogging inner body and segmented into a detonation cross-section / plane segments - explosive (here: separated by an internal body with simultaneous and non-simultaneous ignition).

Fig. 8. An example of a cross-section with an internal body of an arbitrary (here triangular) cross-section and inert pressure transmitting compensation segments between the internal body and the explosive layer.

Fig.9. A cross-section with several (here two) hollow internal bodies forming a clogging body and a dynamically acting layer between the explosive layer and the internal clogging (above) and / or between various internal clinkers (bottom).

Figure 10. Cross section with a clogging inner body and a dynamically acting layer between the explosive layer and the fragmentation shell.

11. An example of a cross-section with the outer shell / shell of the shell and the fragmentation shirt lying below it (above) and an additional, dynamically acting layer between the explosive layer and the fragmentation shell (bottom).

Fig. 12. An example of a cross section with the outer shell and the fragmentation body / preformed shells / intermediate layer containing thermal or mechanical measures that contribute to the formation of fragments.

Fig.13. An example of a cross section with a (here square) clogging inner body and explosive segments with a planar / linear / point ignition device in the explosive layer (above) or with ignition elements installed in the inner body.

Fig.14. An example of a cross-section with an arbitrarily (here square) decorated explosive surface and pressure transmitting segments between the explosive layer and the fragmentation jacket or shell of the shell.

Fig.15. An example of a cross-section with a two-layer lining of explosives and two layers of stemming.

Fig.16. An example of a projectile or warhead with an internal body consisting of several parts (here - of four circular segments consisting of the same or different material) with a central pyrotechnic body.

Fig.17. An example of a projectile or warhead with a multi-part internal body (here four cylindrical penetrators) with a central pyrotechnic body (above) or an inert central body, respectively, with an empty internal volume.

Fig. 18. An example of a cross-section with a shell shell / geometrically decorated inner surface of the fragmentation shirt / respectively decorated layer of explosive and internal clogging.

Fig.19. An example of a cross-section with a geometrically formed inner surface of a fragmentation shirt and a suitably decorated layer of explosive.

Fig.20. An example of a cross-section with a geometrically formed inner surface of an explosive layer (above), or longitudinal strips of explosive, or plane elements of an explosive (bottom).

Fig.21. An example of a cross-section with an internal stemming and separating elements or geometric structures installed in the explosive layer (here, longitudinal strips).

Fig.22. An example of a cross-section with a stem forming a hollow inner ring and a central inner body made in the form of a tank / forming a stem.

Fig.23. An example of a cross-section with a central capacity (top) forming a stemming block, respectively, by the central inner body and the space provided with jumpers between the explosive layer and the inner body.

Fig.24. An example of a longitudinal section with a fragmentation jacket, an explosive layer forming (here consists of two parts) an internal body, as well as control or igniting elements for an explosive layer.

Fig.25. An example of a longitudinal section with a variable thickness of explosive and a cylindrical shrapnel shirt (above) and with a variable thickness of a fragmentation shirt and explosive (bottom).

Fig.26. An example of a longitudinal section with a layer of explosive / jump in the diameter of the inner body (above) or a divided clogging body / mounted penetrator body or penetrator ring.

Fig.27. An example of a longitudinal section with a jump in the diameter of the fragmentation shell and the explosive layer.

Fig.28. An example of a longitudinal section with several parts (here separate) of layers of explosive and (here) a different diameter of the fragmentation shell (above) or a through layer of explosive with a jump in diameter (below).

Fig.29. An example of a geometric design of a fragmentation shirt to achieve the desired effect or preferred directions of the fragments. Here: directional control and rotation of the fragmentation body / fragmentation rings and a through layer of explosive with a cylindrical stub-forming inner body.

Fig.30. An example of a geometric design of a fragmentation shirt to achieve the desired effect or preferred directions of the fragments. Here: control over the direction of the fragmentation bodies and separate layers of explosive and the geometrically adjusted inner body forming the stagnation.

Fig. 31. An example of a geometric design of a fragmentation shirt to achieve the desired effect and preferred directions of the fragments. Here: lining of explosives for various directions of fragments and speeds of fragments.

Fig. 32. An example of a longitudinal section through a fragmentation shell equipped with a layer of explosive or a warhead with a fragmentary body provided with an explosive lining inside and an intermediate space between the outer shell and the fragmentation body, as well as an empty or partially filled outer ballistic cap (above) or massive / filled head part (bottom).

Fig. 33. An example of a longitudinal section with a full load of explosive (shell shell and head area at the top) and a head filled with explosive (bottom).

Fig. 34. An example of a longitudinal section with an explosive body mounted in a clogging inner region.

Fig. 35. An example of a longitudinal section with a core (top) or a narrow cylinder with a head (bottom) placed in the core-forming inner region.

Fig. 36. An example of a longitudinal section with a pointed core placed in a clutch forming an internal cavity with a head with an explosive charge focusing / crushing the tail region of the core (above) or a core with a stepped head and centering (accelerating core) explosive charge (bottom).

Fig.37. An example of a longitudinal section with a geometrically executed inner body and a corresponding lining of explosive for directional fragmentation or fragmentation of directional action by shaping the clogging inner body, the surface of the explosive and the fragmentation shell (bottom).

Fig. 38. An example of a longitudinal section, respectively, Fig.37 with additional fragmentation components.

Fig. 39. An example of a longitudinal section with (here) a two-stage directional fragmentation action and a through lining of explosives (above) and a discontinuous lining of explosives (bottom).

Fig.40. An example of a longitudinal section with an additional, first accelerating fragmentation cone in the front region of the projectile, which is accelerated by the surface of the explosive.

Fig. 41. Two examples of a longitudinal section with a leading core / stepped core as a clinker medium.

Fig. 42. An example of a cross section with individual segments accelerating explosives.

Fig. 43. An example of a cross-section with a variable thickness of a fragmentation shirt and explosive segments (four here) with a lenticular cross-section (essentially arbitrary in terms of formation).

Fig.44. An example of a cross-section with a formed surface of an explosive and an adapted inner body forming a clogging.

Fig.45. An example of a cross-section with segments (eight here) and a randomly executed explosive surface.

Fig. 46. An example of a longitudinal section, consisting of several parts, forming the stemming of the internal body (for example, divided along the axis and radially).

Fig.47. An example of a cross-sectional view of a projectile or warhead according to 42 with a clogging inner body, here composed of cylinders that are housed in a pressure transmitting matrix.

Fig.48. An example of the cross-section of a projectile or warhead according to 43 with a clogging internal body consisting of segments, one or more layers, as well as a central penetrator.

Fig. 49. An example of a longitudinal section made in the form of several parts of the active body (various steps with different functions) and with different design or lining.

Fig. 50. An example of an arbitrary cross-section of a fragmentation projectile or warhead equipped with a layer of explosive.

Fig. 51. An example of arbitrary cross-sectional performance.

On figa shows the basic design of stabilized by rotation of the fragmentation projectile 1A, equipped with a layer of explosive, with a fragmentation shirt / fragmentation shell / fragmenting casing 2 of the shell lying under the jacket of the explosive layer / lining of the explosive / explosive surface / pyrotechnic layer 3 and the cladding inner body 4. Integrated ignition elements with control or electronics controlling ignition of the explosive layer are indicated substance. The control and actuation of the explosive layer must be adapted to the relevant state of the art. The effectiveness of the system in this case is almost not influenced.

Proposed in accordance with the invention, the principle of action can find application in the same way on stabilized plumage shells, as is schematically shown in figv. Also here is shown the basic design of the fragmentation shell 1B provided with a layer of explosive, which is formed by a fragmentation jacket 2, a layer 3 of explosive and a clogging inner body 4, as well as ignition elements or other devices related to shells and warheads. The positioning of the ignition elements is not essential for the functioning of the fragment-forming projectile; they can be installed in the bottom of the projectile, in the inner body 4 forming the stemming, in the projectile head or in the form of a module in many places (cf., for example, Figs. 24 and 45).

Figure 2-23, 42-45 and 47-51 show examples of the execution of shells or warheads, respectively, of the present invention.

So, figure 2 shows a cross-section of the proposed fragmentation projectile with a fragmentation shell 2, an explosive layer 3 and an inner body 4 forming a clogging. In the image, which represents the simplest versions of possible structural solutions, a clogging, respectively dynamically incompressible inner body is made in the form of a massive homogeneous cylindrical structural element. In principle, all the materials with which the effect of the desired dynamic clogging is achieved can be taken as the material for the clogging components. Their dynamic properties and, in particular, the stemming degree resulting from them are decisive for the attainable velocity of the fragments or for the required thickness of the explosive, with which the desired acceleration of the shell is achieved. For it has already been mentioned that stemming in its effect on the attainable speed of fragments is equivalent to the effect of the thickness of the explosive.

Other properties that have a significant impact are the geometric dimensions of the fragmentation shell or its mass, as well as its mechanical-dynamic properties. However, a particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that no particular requirements are imposed on the individual components. Almost all properties can be obtained by appropriate material selection without high technical costs.

Figure 3 shows a cross section of a fragmentation projectile with a layer of explosive, with an internal body 5 forming a clog. In this case, it has an annular shape and encloses a hollow space 6. The thickness and material of the ring 5 should be selected in such a way as to ensure sufficient clogging of the explosive layer. An explosive zone may consist of either a single layer or two or more homogeneous or different layers. For the main function, the incompressibility of the stubbing medium is not a prerequisite. Rather, the degree of compressibility affects the achievable speed of the fragments to be accelerated.

Figure 4 shows a cross-section of a cladding-forming internal structure consisting of several layers, and in it, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, there is a cladding-forming inner shell / inner body 5 and a second inner body / central body 7. Components 5 and 7 may Of course, have various mechanical or physical properties. It is also possible that the inner body is first compacted, and only because of this the clogging becomes sufficient or has increased power. Further, it is possible that with the help of the design or construction of the inner body, a change in time of the stemming height occurs in accordance with the technical requirements. This property may be called a stall jump. A number of materials with appropriate Hygoniot curves are suitable for this. On this basis, with the help of materials that have special Hygoniot properties, a very interesting effect can be achieved. This may include, for example, glass, or vitreous substances, or liquid, respectively pasty components.

Figure 5 shows an example in which the layer of explosive 3A has an outer shape in the form of a circle, and the inner part is of arbitrary shape (in this example, octagonal). The clogging inner body 6 has a corresponding contour. The explosive layer (explosive shell) 3A may, due to its shape, have a differentiated effect on the fragmentation jacket. Thus, crushing processes can be supported, and the shape of the fragments and the speed of the fragments can be affected.

In terms of properties and technical, respectively taking into account the materials of the performance of the fragmentation shell, or shirt, shell or warhead, can be considered, in principle, all options for implementation and technological capabilities that are known in connection with existing fragmentation shells.

Figure 6 shows an example of an explosive layer 3B with a clogging inner body, which here has an outer contour in the form of an octagon and an inner contour in the form of a circle. Naturally, other possibilities of execution / shape of the contours of the explosive layer 3B are possible. The fragmentation shell 2A has an octagonal inner contour in accordance with the form of the explosive. Due to this, the crushing process of the shell can be influenced using various shell thicknesses, density and thickness of the explosive layer, as well as using pyrotechnic properties.

Fig. 7 shows an example with a fundamentally arbitrary, in this example, square cross-section forming the clogging of the inner body 9. Using the contact surfaces / contact surfaces of the inner body 9 with the fragmentation jacket 2 in this image, the explosive body / part of the explosive under the fragmentation jacket 2 is divided by the inner body. Due to this, a segmented detonation cross section occurs or surface explosive segments are formed. In this case, simultaneous or non-simultaneous ignition of the segments 10 of the explosive is possible. The clogging inner body 9 may, of course, be dimensioned such that the explosive shell is closed for annular ignition. The inner body 9 can be held in position, for example, using jumpers.

In Fig. 8, the inner body 11 (in this example) of a triangular cross section is combined with inert pressure transmitting compensation segments 12 that fill the space between the outer surfaces 11 and the annular (cylindrical) shell 3 of the explosive. These inert segments, to which, in part of the materials, the requirements for the clogging inner body are valid, can be made in the form of fragmented bodies. In addition, they may contain additional active parts. Naturally, other functions can also be assigned to these segments. So, for example, to achieve power at the end of a ballistic flight, they can be made in the form of subpenetrators, for example, from heavy metal, hard alloy or hardened steel.

Another design of the projectile in accordance with the invention is presented in Fig.9. Two cross-sectional options are shown with dynamically acting inner layers / annular surfaces. Their dynamic action stems from the special properties of the layer with respect to the passage of shock waves. In this case, the boundary surfaces between the dynamic layer and the adjacent materials are determining. Physical properties are obtained due to acoustic impedance. It determines the reflection coefficient of shock waves in the boundary surface between two media at a ratio of m-1 / m + 1 where m is a partial product of the density and longitudinal sound velocity of both media.

The upper part of the picture in Fig. 9 shows a cross section of a projectile with two clogging bodies, hollow internal bodies 5, 5A and one dynamically acting layer 13 between the explosive layer 3 and the clogging 5. Here, an additional body 7A, for example, a central penetrator, is located in the center. The dynamically acting layer 13A is shown in the lower part of the image as an inner part 5 between the first cladding body 5 and the second clogging layer 5A. Due to this, the dynamic effects described above can be achieved, such as, for example, the shock absorbing (extinguishing the impact, or affecting the passage of shock waves, or enhancing the impact) properties of the temporary effect on the impact or damping effect and thus on the speed of the fragments, the formation of fragments and / or fragment distribution.

Figure 10 shows a cross-section with a clogging inner body 4, a dynamically acting layer 13B between the explosive layer 3 and the fragmentation shell 3. By means of the properties and construction of the dynamic layer 13B, the explosive layer 3 can have an accelerating effect on the fragmentation shell 2.

A similar construction is shown by the lower part of the cross section in FIG. 11, where the dynamically acting layer 13C is located in the outer fragment-forming region of the outer fragmentation shell 14, which consists of two parts. Due to this, it is possible to influence the formation of fragments of the fragmentation shirt lying above 2. In the upper part of the cross-section, an example is shown with the outer shell / shell of the projectile 14A and the fragmentation jacket lying underneath 2. The execution of the outer shell of the projectile can be based not only on the requirements determined by ballistics, but and consider dynamic efficiency in the described sense.

12 shows an example with an outer shell 14A and a shell for fragments, or matrix 16A. Here, preformed shells 16 or other ballistic active elements can be embedded as forming fragments of the body. Acceleration / activation is again performed using the shell 3 of the explosive. In the inner body 17, an ignition element 18 is installed here, which can support additional crushing of the clogging components and can contribute to this. By setting the ignition element 18A to 17, due to the formation of a pressure field, a dynamic compaction effect can also be achieved. Thus, for example, fragmentation 17 can be initiated after the achievement of the goal or only inside the goal.

13 shows other examples with integrated ignition elements. The execution of the cross-section here provides for the clogging inner body 9 (here square) and segments of the explosive 10A. In the upper part, the explosive layer or explosive segment 10A contains an ignition element 18A, which may be in the form of a flat, linear or point device. In the lower part of the image, the corresponding element 18B is installed in the inner body 9.

On Fig shows an example of a cross-section with a generally randomly formed, in this example, a square shape, surface 3C explosive. Between 3C and the fragmentation layer 2 are pressure transmitting segments 12A. The clogging inner body 9 has an explosive layer of square cross section, respectively. Segments 12A, again, along with their pressure transfer function, can fulfill a number of other special requirements, for example, have a damping effect or affect the speed of fragments of the shell 2. In this case, as in FIGS. 5-7, they can be adjusted different speeds of the fragments or the shape of the fragments divided into fragments of the fragmentation shell, here this is due to the different thicknesses of the active segments 12A.

On Fig shows an example consisting of two layers of the plate of the explosive 19, 20 and, accordingly, two forming clogging layer 4A, 21. The ignition plate of the explosive material can be carried out simultaneously or with a shift in time. With this kind of design, a particularly wide range of effects is achieved. So, for example, the outer layer can ignite in front of the target, the internal components ignite when passing through the target or immediately inside the target. In this case, the inner clogging layer 4A is made in such a way that it has a finite ballistic effective power, i.e. he may represent a penetrator. Thus, a deeply layered deployment of power that is optimally suited to the combat mission can be achieved.

On Fig presents an example with an inner body 23, consisting of several parts, which here is composed of four circular elements 24, which may consist of homogeneous or different materials. Between segments 24 there can be layers 25. They can be calculated as dynamically acting layers in the sense of the above description, i.e. consist of rubber / elastomeric materials or materials with plastic or damping properties. The individual components 23 can be installed freely or rigidly, for example, connected with glue, screws or vulcanization. The design of the projectile in this example is equipped with a central pyrotechnic body 22, which introduces an additional effect of crushing / lateral components (primarily for individual components 24). Segments can again form fragments, contain bodies, or have their own finite ballistic power in the sense of a central penetrator.

FIG. 17 shows two other examples with clogging internal bodies / penetrators 26 consisting of several parts. They consist, for example, of four cylindrical penetrators 27. At the top of the image in the center of the cylindrical penetrators 27 there is a central pyrotechnic body 22A, which gives a lateral a velocity component to the inner body 26 formed by a combination of penetrators. In the lower part, instead of 22A, between the components 27A there is an inert central body 28 (or internal space). The 3D explosive layer surrounding the inner body 26 has a different thickness due to the shape of 26 or 27. As a result of this, various local acceleration of shell fragments takes place. An explosive lining may be interrupted by installed elements (above) and be through (below).

On Fig shows an example with a shell shell / casing 14A, lying under 14A fragmentation shirt 29 with a geometrically formed inner surface, respectively formed by an explosive layer 33 and an internal clogging 4. Due to the formed elements 31 entering into the fragmentation jacket 29, local attenuation of the fragmentation shirt is achieved 29, which makes it possible to divide into fragments according to a certain method (for example, in the form of a strip, in the form of a lattice for the formation of fragments). Various designs of elements 31A are provided. The corresponding principle underlies the design of the cross section shown in Fig. 19 with a geometrically modified inner surface of the fragmentation jacket 32 and a correspondingly formed layer 31 of explosive.

On the upper part of FIG. 20, the inner surface of the explosive layer 34 has a geometric design, wherein the explosive layer here forms a closed shell. In the lower part of the explosive component 35 is composed of strips or planar explosive elements 36. Accordingly, the formed inner body 4C serves as a separator between the individual components of the explosive.

The principle of a segmented explosive shell is also implemented in FIG. The example shows a cross-section with an internal stemming 4 and with separating elements or geometric structures installed in the explosive layer 34A, in principle, of arbitrary design. In this example, they are represented by strips 37 running along.

Fig. 22 shows an example with a hollow inner ring 21 forming a stub and a central body 38 (also supporting clogging under certain circumstances) of an inner body 38 with a wall 38A. Filling the tank 39 can be carried out, for example, with a solid substance, a pasty or liquid substance, or a heterogeneous conglomerate of elements.

23 also shows a cross-sectional design with a container. In the upper part of the drawing, the projectile is provided with a clogging central container 38 filled with liquid, pasty or compacted with a powder mass 39. At the bottom of the drawing, the annular inner container 38B is connected to the wall 38C, and the filling 39 is connected with the jumper 38D to the central clogging inner body 4B . Depending on the requirements, jumpers 38D can be made in the form of independent active parts (acting as inert or pyrotechnic elements).

After these cross-sectional examples of the systems in accordance with the present invention, FIGS. 24-51 show a series of longitudinal-sectional examples of the corresponding shells or warheads.

So, FIG. 24 shows a longitudinal section with a fragmentation jacket / explosive layer 3 variable in thickness and consisting of several parts of a clogging inner body 41. Control or ignition elements of the explosive layer are indicated by their positions. The clogging inner body 41 is here made of two parts. Thus, in the longitudinal direction, different fragment speeds and / or different distribution of fragments can be achieved. Control or ignition elements 40 can be installed in the head or bottom region of the projectile, which, according to the invention, of course, relates to other designs of projectiles presented.

On Fig depicted in two versions, a longitudinal section of a projectile with a variable explosive thickness and a fragmentation shirt. The upper part shows a system with a longitudinally varying explosive layer 42 and a correspondingly formed clogging, the lower part with a variable thickness fragmentation jacket 43 and a variable explosive layer 42A.

26, the explosive layer / inner body has a diameter jump. The projectile shown in the upper part has a variable thickness of the explosive layer 44 with the inner body 45 passing through the clogging with a jump in diameter or a different change in diameter. At the bottom, a charge is shown with a divided stub forming body or an installed penetrator or penetrator ring 41A with different diameters. Depending on their properties, internal bodies can perform various functions.

On Fig shows an example with a variable thickness of the shell of the explosive 44A and the cylindrical inner body 4. The shrapnel shell 45 and the layer of explosive 44A have a jump in diameter or a continuous change in diameter.

In the examples of FIG. 28, in the upper embodiment, the projectile is provided with several, here separated layers of explosive 47 and a fragmentation shell 45 adapted thereto. The clogging, stepped inner body 46 has accordingly a variable diameter. Shown in the lower part of the drawing, the projectile has a through layer 48 of explosive with a change in diameter.

By using the systems of the present invention, a highly efficient combination or design of fragmentation shells and layers of explosive can be achieved in a technically particularly simple way. In Fig.29-31 shows examples based on the design of the projectile shown in Fig.24.

So, FIG. 29 shows a geometric design of a fragmentation shirt to achieve the desired effect or preferred directions of the fragments. Here, control of the direction and rotation of the fragments / fragmentation rings 50 is achieved. The explosive layer 49 having a longitudinal section of the teeth of the saw here is provided with an internal body 4 passing through the cylindrical stub formations. The example with separated explosive layers 49A shown in FIG. 30 helps to control the direction of the fragmentation body 50A. The cladding inner body 4 is geometrically adapted. Fig. 31 shows a fragmentation shell 51 for various directions of fragments and fragmentation velocities with a suitably adapted explosive layer 49B.

On Fig-34 and 37-41 shows other embodiments of the system proposed in accordance with the invention, using a combination of the shown components of the projectile. Figures 35 and 36 show examples of integration / combination of devices with penetrators.

Fig. 32 shows two longitudinal sections with a fragmented body 2 lying inside the coated explosive and a space 52 between the outer shell 14B and the fragmentation body, as well as an empty or partially filled outer ballistic cap (upper part of the drawing) and a massive / filled head (lower part drawing). This image represents, for example, sub-caliber shells, shells with a contact mirror or shells of full caliber with active parts of reduced diameter lying inside.

Fig. 33 shows two longitudinal sections with a full (through) lining 3 and 54 of explosive. On the upper part of the drawing, the shell of the projectile and the region 55 forming the clog in the head are shown, and on the lower part is the head 56 filled with explosive.

Fig. 34 shows a longitudinal section with a body 57 of an explosive substance of a fundamentally arbitrary shape located inside the stemming region 4 and forming a stub. An explosive component of this kind can contribute locally to particularly high fragmentation velocities, or also in body 4 itself, to cause such desirable effects as compaction or mechanical stresses that cause destruction or acceleration.

Fig. 35 shows two longitudinal sections with a core made of hard alloy or heavy metal mounted in the clogging inner region 4 (upper part of the drawing) and a narrow cylinder 59 with a tip (lower part of the drawing). Of course, each version of the body acting at the end of the ballistic flight can be installed. The combination of penetration and fragmentation presented here covers a particularly wide range of actions.

FIG. 36 shows two examples with a core 58A (here pointed) installed in a clogging inner region, with a focusing, inwardly directed conical tail portion 60 of the core. By using a rear explosive charge 61, acceleration and / or crushing of the core 58A (upper part of the drawing) can be achieved. The lower part shows a core with a stepped tip 58B and a cone-shaped back part 62 with a centering, accelerating rear explosive charge 61A. The direction of action of the execution of the rear part with the core and the fragmentation shell is shown by arrows 60A, respectively 62A.

On Fig shows two longitudinal sections with an inner body 64 and a corresponding lining 63 of explosive in conjunction with a pointed module 72 for directional increased fragmentation in the axial direction (upper part of the drawing) and fragmentation directional action by shaping the clogging inner body 64, explosive surface 66 and shrapnel shell 65 (lower part of the drawing). The arrows below 72A, 65A show the corresponding directions of action (cf. also FIG. 40).

On Fig shows a longitudinal section in accordance with the lower part in Fig with fragmentation jacket 67 and additional fragmentation components in the pocket for fragments or fragmentation ring 68 with the active parts 68A (arrows 68B). Fig. 39 shows two longitudinal sections with (here) a two-stage clogging inner body 70A with directed fragmentation using a special design of the clogging inner body 70 or 70A and a through lining 69 of explosive (top), as well as an endless lining of explosive substances / separate rings 69A from explosive (bottom).

On Fig shows an example with an additional, first receiving acceleration along the axis of the fragmentation body 73 (the action is shown by arrows 73A) in the front of the projectile, which is accelerated by the surface of the explosive 71 of the fragmentation shirt 3, having a clog in the form of an inner body 4.

Fig. 41 shows two longitudinal sections with a partial lining of explosive in the form of a clogging body with a core with a leading part / step core 74 (above). Such cores with leading part 74 can also be installed separately (bottom). This leading-edge core 74A may be made of material effective at the end of flight, for example, hard alloy or heavy metal, or also brittle, crushed by dynamic load upon impact material, for example, and having high fragility of tungsten carbide or material containing fragments of tungsten . It serves primarily for punching massive slabs, which are the target. Using a stepped design improves the impact on inclined plates or helps him.

Fig. 42 shows a cross-sectional view of shells or warheads accelerated by an explosive according to the invention with separate (here four) segments 75. The individual segments 75 in their principle of operation correspond to the already shown examples with a circle-shaped cross section. By segmenting and dividing wall 76, which can be either an internal wall supporting the structure or a barrier to shock waves, the individual segments can be controlled separately. This example relates to a penetrator or warheads with a partial lining in the longitudinal direction / axial direction, which have the opportunity to occupy fragments in space part of the lining.

On Fig shows an example with a variable thickness fragmentation jacket 77 and segments of the explosive 78 substances (four here) with a lenticular (but in principle the form is subject to free choice) cross-section. The inner contour of the explosive segments 78 is determined by the corresponding clogging inner body 9A. Of course, that the fragmentation layer and the explosive layer, respectively Fig.42 can be separated or can be through. Using such systems, a very differentiated distribution of fragments can be achieved, which is symbolized in FIG. 43 for a segment using a complex of arrows 78A.

On Fig shows a cross-section with the surface 80 of the explosive, made in the form of convex strips and adapted forming a clogging inner body 9 Century. Figure 45 shows a corresponding example with segments 81 (here eight) with a lining 80A of explosives, which separated by surfaces 75A. While in FIG. 44, the fragment forming system is located in the shell 14, in FIG. 45, the forming fragments (or uniform) of the strip 79A lie loosely. In addition, in this example, there is still a central ring 82, which supports the clogging of the segments 81. Further, the cylinder 82 may be hollow or contain a central penetrator.

On Fig shows a longitudinal section of the principal device 83 of the projectile with several parts, forming a clogging inner body, which can be composed of radial, axial or combined elements. Thus, the action of the clogging can be combined with mechanical preliminary separation into fragments, or various bodies with different mechanical and physical properties can be brought together.

Fig. 47 shows a cross-sectional view of the projectile of Fig. 46 with a fragmentation jacket and clogging inner body 84, assembled here from cylinders 86 (through or stacked) of the same or different diameters or materials into a pressure transmitting matrix 85. The central region 87 can be formed penetrator or can be filled with separate bodies. An additional pyrotechnic body may also be installed in accordance with FIG. Cylinders 86 may have a varying degree of "harmony" (length / diameter ratio) or are formed by a stack of short cylinders. On Fig shows another example of the cross-section of the projectile in Fig.46 broken into segments, consisting of one or more segments forming clogging inner body 88 and the Central penetrator 82A.

On Fig presents a longitudinal section of a fragmentation projectile 89, equipped with a layer of explosive, which is made in the form of several parts / several stages of the active body. It can be formed by various, separated by a layer 91 or connected steps having different functions or with structural spaces 90 made.

In the examples cited so far, cylindrical fragmentation shells have been presented. This, of course, is not a prerequisite for systems in accordance with the invention. With the help of accelerating elements made in the form of a layer, arbitrary forms of external components can also be realized rather without any limitation of efficiency. Due to this, no boundaries are established in terms of shaping. Also, it goes without saying that the systems proposed in accordance with the invention are not limited to individual bodies. Due to the freedom in shaping, the corresponding fragments of the device can be arranged in groups.

To this end, FIGS. 50 and 51 show some examples. So, in FIG. 50, the fragmentation body 92 has a square cross section that is accelerated by the explosive layer 3F in accordance with FIG. In Fig.51, the fragmentation shell, as an example of arbitrary shape, has an octagonal cross section 92A. Here, the acceleration is due to the annular layer 3 of explosive.

Naturally, the systems shown as examples can be combined both in a shell and in a warhead, if that makes sense.

The following is an abstract of the essential features and advantages of the invention.

The active components that form the fragments, or shells containing fragments or submunitions, are accelerated by a thin layer of explosive relative to the diameter of the head of the projectile or warhead.

The explosive mass needed to accelerate the fragments is minimized. Compared to existing explosive shells and at comparable speeds of fragments or submunitions, the mass of the explosive, depending on the caliber and technical design, decreases from 50 to 80%.

The saved explosive mass is available as an additional active mass. Due to this, freedom of action is significantly expanded when choosing the parameters of shells or warheads that accelerate fragments or submunitions.

The minimum explosive layer thickness is determined by the guarantee of ignition or spread of ignition. With the aid of installed ignition aids, for example detonating cords, very thin two-dimensional layers of explosive can be ignited. Likewise, the choice of explosive is free, so that very small thicknesses of up to about 2 mm can be realized.

By using a greater thickness of the explosive layer, depending on the internal stemming, respectively thick shells can be crushed or accelerated at higher speeds. The theoretical maximum fragment velocity is achieved with explosive layers of the order of 20 mm with effective internal jamming.

The explosive layer may be in the form of a hollow cylinder and have a constant or variable wall thickness and / or cross-sectional shape.

The explosive layer can be prefabricated and laid in the form of a film or a randomly formed body, it can be poured or laid in any way, for example, pressed in or poured during vacuum. The layer may consist of one or more layers lying on top of each other.

The shell or warhead may contain a through layer of explosive or consist of several layers of explosive both axially and radially.

The explosive layer may be uniform or contain additives or placed bodies.

The ignition of an explosive layer or regions of an explosive or fragments of an explosive can be carried out in any possible way in accordance with the prior art for explosive shells or warheads.

Depending on the type of ignition and the design of the explosive layer and the internal body, the speed and direction of expansion of fragments or submunitions can vary within very wide limits.

The clogging inner body may be solid or may consist of several parts. It can be made of metal, or non-metallic materials, or combinations thereof. Thus, there is an almost unlimited selection of materials with their various mechanical, physical or chemical properties. So, on the one hand, a homogeneous metal inner body can consist of metal with a low density, for example magnesium, and on the other hand, a body of heavy metal or hard alloy (homogeneous or in segments) with a high density with a correspondingly higher power at the end of a ballistic flight.

The properties of the internal body or internal bodies can determine their behavior at high compressible loads (Hygoniot properties), or in combination with established pyrotechnic components and the technical design of a projectile or warhead, materials with specific dynamic properties can be purposefully selected.

The homogeneous clogging inert internal bodies may contain a metallic or non-metallic substance or such substances that are capable of reaction at high temperatures that occur in place at high pressure.

Thanks to the possibilities of combinations of the internal bodies forming the clogging, it turns out that (for example, through the use of various materials, for example, by placing submunitions in the material matrix), the execution limits have practically no boundaries.

The clogging inner body may be from brittle or becoming brittle under dynamic loading of the material. Similarly, it can be fragmented or mechanically or thermally treated.

The inner body forming the stemming can also be made in the form of a hollow cylinder or contain a hollow space for an arbitrary cross-sectional surface. This internal hollow space may again be empty or filled with more or less clogging substance. Thus, there is a wide opportunity for influencing the stall and thereby the speed or acceleration of the shell forming the fragments, or firing submunitions of shells or warheads.

In a special embodiment, the clogging inner body may be a container or contain one. The interior or installed cavity, for example, may be filled with a solid, powdery, pasty or liquid substance. Further, it may contain a reactive substance, for example a combustible liquid.

In the simplest case, the shell of the shell or warhead is homogeneous. In part of its preliminary processing, all methods and techniques that correspond to the technical level of existing fragmentation shells can be used to maintain the formation of fragments.

The accelerated shell may also consist in whole or in part of preformed fragments or submunitions. A layer of this kind can itself be represented by the shell of the shell or installed as a layer between the explosive and the outer shell. With this design, between the explosive layer and the outer shell can be placed in advance broken into fragments or very fragile, or becoming brittle under dynamic load layer.

For large-caliber ammunition or warheads, it is also possible that between the explosive layer and the outer shell is an intermediate layer filled with a paste-like or liquid substance, which may also contain solids or individual bodies.

Between the explosive layer and the clogging inner body, there may also be a layer dynamically supporting the clogging. Its operating principle is determined by the acoustic impedance of the participating materials.

Likewise, a dynamically damping medium in the form of a layer accelerating the shock can be placed between the explosive layer and the fragmentation shell.

The explosive layer may be composed of connected surfaces or of surfaces separated in a radial or axial direction.

The explosive layer may have an arbitrarily formed surface (contour), so that various local fragmentation and fragmentation velocity can be achieved.

Using the shape of the internal stemming, the explosive layer can form an angle to the axis of the projectile. Thus, fragments or submunitions can be accelerated in a controlled direction. Similar systems can be provided both at certain positions of the projectile (for example, in the region of the head), and pass over the entire surface.

The explosive layer is usually shaped like a hollow cylinder. It can be opened at the ends or closed on one or both sides using an explosive layer located on the front or back side.

Explosive disks (bridges of explosive) can be placed along the entire length of the penetrator. Thus, for example, internal bodies can be accelerated in the axial direction.

Using the lining of the explosive from the front side can be accelerated parts of the head. In addition, the head of a detachment or warhead can be fully or partially filled with explosive.

The head or the head part may also consist of inert bodies acting at the end of the ballistic flight or contain those that, with the help of these components, contribute to the effect at the end of the ballistic flight.

Other embodiments of the systems in accordance with the present invention are obtained by placing additional pyrotechnic components inside the clogging inner body. They can be ignited either by detonation of an explosive layer, or directly controlled. With such systems, in addition to fragments or submunitions, radially accelerated radially accelerated elements from the inner region can be created from the shell region.

The functions and effectiveness of the systems in accordance with the invention are independent of the type of stabilization. So, active bodies can represent artillery shells, warheads of a projectile or missiles, parts of bombs or active parts of a torpedo.

List of items

1A Rotation-stabilized fragmentation shell equipped with a layer of explosive, with a fragmentation jacket 2, layer 3 of explosive and an inner body 4

1B Plumage-stabilized fragmentation shell equipped with a layer of explosive, with a fragmentation jacket 2, layer 3 of explosive and an inner body 4

2 fragmentation shell shell fragmentation shell / fragmentation shirt

2A Fragmentation shell with a fundamentally arbitrary internal cross-section (octagonal here)

3 Explosive shell / explosive lining / explosive layer / explosive surface / pyrotechnic layer

3A Shell of an explosive with a fundamentally arbitrary internal cross-section (here polygonal)

3B Explosive layer with a fundamentally arbitrary external cross-section (octagonal here)

3C Explosive layer with a fundamentally arbitrary cross-section (rectangular here)

3D Intermediate space between 27 and 2 filled with explosive

4 Clogging inner body / inner clogging

4A Clog for 20

4B Central inner body

4C Inner body with surface structure

5 Hollow clogging inner body / clogging inner shell / inner ring / support ring

5A Second (inner) clogging layer

6 Central hollow space (arbitrary cross-section)

7 The second (here central) clogging inner body

7A Inner body / central penetrator

8 Closing inner body with a fundamentally arbitrary cross-section (octagonal here)

9 Closing internal body with (essentially arbitrary) square cross-section here

9A Clogging inner body

9B Clogging inner body

9C Clogging inner body

10 explosive segment between 9 and 2

10A explosive segment between 9 and 2

11 Central body with a fundamentally arbitrary cross-section (triangular here)

12 Inert / pressure transmitting segment (homogeneous or containing bodies) / fragmentation segment between 11 and 3

12A Inert / pressure transmitting segment (homogeneous or containing bodies) / fragmentation segment between 3C and 2

13 Dynamically acting layer between 9 and 3

13A Dynamically acting layer between 5 and 7

13B Dynamically acting layer between 3 and 2

13C Dynamically acting layer between 2 and 14

14 Outer fragmentation ring

14A Shell shell / shell shirt / outer skin

14B shell / warhead wall

15 Shards / annular surface between 14 and 3 containing preformed elements

16V 16a placed bodies / preformed shards / preformed shells

16A Matrix of 15

17 Inner body (central or decentralized) with ignition element 18 located

18 Ignition element housed in 17 (detonating cord)

18A Ignition element 18 in 10A

18B Ignition element / blast wire, placed in 10A, arbitrary shape and arbitrary cross-section

19 The outer layer of explosives

20 Inner layer of explosive

21 Inner active shell / inner fragmentation ring (stemming for 19 and fragmentation shell for 20)

22 Central charge (detonating cord) / pyrotechnic body

22A Central explosive body for radial acceleration or crushing 26

23 The internal body consisting of several parts (here the cross section 24 is divided into four circular segments)

24 Single item of 23

25 Separation / separation layer between elements 24

26 Consisting of several parts, a fundamentally randomly formed internal body (here it is formed of four cylinders 27 or 27A)

27 Cylinder / body with a fundamentally arbitrary cross-section (here circular shape)

27A Body with a fundamentally arbitrary (here circular shape) cross-section

28 Inert central body in 26 / interior / hollow

29 Variable wall thickness fragmentation shell / notched / with internal structure 30

30 Notch / internal structure

31 Explosive layer with structured outer contour

31A Explosive / Explosive Jumper

32 Shrapnel with structured / inside with formed parts

33 notched blast shell

34 Layer of explosive with a change in diameter / jump diameter / nicks / cuts on the inside

35 Segmented / intermittent / lintered (flat-panel) explosive layer

36 Strips of explosive / flat element of explosive

36A Explosive strips / explosive segment

37 Separation layer / separation element / separation strip / separation grid between 36A

38 Central capacity / inner body

38A Wall 38

38B capacity in the form of an intermediate layer

38C Wall 38V

38D Jumper / holder / connecting structure

39 Filling / contents 38

39A Filling / 38B contents / fluid ring

40 control / ignition

41 Multi-part / multi-stage body

41A Body consisting of several parts forming a clogging body (of the same or different diameter)

42 Explosive layer of variable thickness (here the inner diameter is variable)

42A As 42, the outer diameter is variable

43 Fragmentation shell of variable thickness

44 Shell from explosive with (here internal) diameter jump / diameter change

44A Diameter jump / diameter change

45 stepped fragmentation shell / fragmentation shell of variable thickness

46 stepped inner body

47 Separated / multi-part explosive shell

48 Explosive shell with diameter jump / diameter change

49 Shell of explosives (here through) for the directed impact of fragments

49A Shell of explosive from separate sections / attached, separate annular surfaces

49B Structured shell of explosive (here consisting of annular surfaces of circular cross-sectional elements)

50 shrapnel shell to achieve directional action

50A 49A segmented fragmentation sheath

51 Fragmentation shell of convex rings

52 Hollow space between 2 and 14B (empty or with internal structure)

53 Explosive head 54 with outer ballistic hood

54 explosive layer in 53

55 Clogging inner body

56 Head filled with explosive / pyrotechnic medium

57 Placed in 4 body of explosive

58 Installed in 4 penetrators (here core 58 is made of hard alloy, heavy metal or steel)

58A Rear cone core 60

58B Cone rear core 62

59 Penetrator / cylinder installed in 4

60 Inner cone at rear at 58A

60A arrows showing the direction of action of zone 61 explosive

61 Explosive area at rear of 58A for acceleration / crushing of 58A

61A Explosive area at rear of 58V to accelerate 58B

62 Cone Rear 58B

62A arrows showing the direction of action of zone 61A explosive

63 Explosive lining for partially reinforced axial fragmentation

64 Inner body at 63

64A Inner body at 65

65 Fragmentation shell with axial fragmentation

65A arrow showing the direction of action

66 Shell of explosives

67 Shrapnel respectively 65 with a pocket for fragments

68 Shard Pocket / Splinter Ring

68A Body set to 68

68B Arrows showing direction of action of pockets 67 for fragments

69 Shell with a variable internal diameter for directional acceleration of fragments

69A Explosive shell elements for directional acceleration of fragments (here with a sectional / multi-stage explosive layer)

70 Clogging inner body with outer contour for directional splinter action

70A Clogging inner body with outer contour for directional splinter action

71 Axially active explosive zone

72 Head module with directional splinter action

73 Arrow showing the direction of action

73A Arrows showing the direction of action of the fragmentation shell 73

74 Clogging inner body with partial explosive lining

74A multi-part stepped head body

75 A segment of a clogging inner body with a cylindrical contour

75A Segment of a clogging inner body with a cylindrical contour

76 Separation surface

77 shrapnel shell

78 Lenticular explosive / arbitrary cross-sectional segment

78A Directional arrows

79 fragmentation segment

79A fragmentation segment

79B Acceleration Shrapnel Segment 79A

79C Fragmented and accelerated fragmentation segment 79A

80 Ring of explosives from arbitrary segments

80A Arbitrary explosive segment

81 Segment forming a clogging inner body with an arbitrary contour

82 Inner body, central penetrator

82A Inner body, central penetrator

83 Sectioned / sectioned clogging inner body

84 Ring of rods / cylinders / body of arbitrary cross section

85 Separation layer between 80

86 Rods / cylinder / body of arbitrary section

87 Central body

88 Sectional ring

89 Shell with various clogging internal bodies

90 Inert section

91 Distance / shock absorbing inert element / separation layer

92 Fragmentation ring / fragmentation shell of arbitrary (here square) shape

92A Fragmentation ring / fragmentation shell of arbitrary (here octagonal) shape

Claims (28)

1. An explosive shell with a shell (2) forming fragments and a layer (3) of explosive located inside the shell (2) of the shell, characterized in that inside the layer (3) of the explosive there is an inner body (4) forming a clog for the explosive layer, and the explosive layer (3) is made thin with respect to the diameter of the projectile, the thickness of the explosive layer (3) being between 2 and 7.5 mm. 2. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) has the shape of a hollow cylinder with a constant or variable wall thickness and / or cross-sectional shape. 3. An explosive projectile according to claim 2, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) is a hollow cylinder with an end closed on one side or closed with both ends or intermediate layers of explosive bridges. 4. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer (3) of the explosive is homogeneous or contains additives or a body placed therein. 5. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition of the individual segments (8) of the explosive or several layers of explosive is carried out pointwise, linearly or annularly in one or more places. 6. Explosive projectile according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that for the implementation of the ignition provides igniters delayed action, intermediate igniters or shock igniters through a program-controlled signal or radio. 7. Explosive projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (4) is made of solid metal or nonmetallic or consisting of several parts. 8. The bursting shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner body consists of brittle or becoming brittle under dynamic load of the material. 9. Explosive projectile according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner body (4) is made in the form of a central penetrator, or contains a central penetrator, or consists of several submunitions, or contains submunitions. 10. An explosive shell according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner body (4) is broken into fragments or subjected to mechanical or thermal processing. 11. Bursting shell according to claim 9, characterized in that the submunitions include an inert volume. 12. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (4) is or contains a container. 13. An explosive shell according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner body - the tank is filled with an inert or capable of reaction medium. 14. An explosive shell according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner body (4) contains a pyrotechnic element. 15. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that between the layer (3) of the explosive and the inner body (4) there is a layer that dynamically supports the action of the clogging. 16. The explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell has two or more layers of explosive in the radial direction. 17. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive layer (3) is formed by connected surfaces or surfaces radially and / or axially separated. 18. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer (3) of the explosive forms an angle to the axis of the shell. 19. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell (2) of the shell fully or partially consists of preformed fragments. 20. The bursting shell according to claim 19, characterized in that the fragments are accelerated in a controlled direction. 21. Explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that between the layer (3) of the explosive and the shell (2) of the shell are fragmentation bodies. 22. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that between the layer (3) of the explosive and the shell (2) of the shell is a layer of brittle material. 23. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that between the layer (3) of the explosive and the shell (2) of the shell is a dynamically damping medium. 24. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that between the layer (3) of the explosive and the shell (2) of the shell is a fluid shell. 25. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a hollow space between the explosive layer (3) and the shell (2) of the shell. 26. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell in the axial direction is made single or multi-stage. 27. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the head or head region of the shell consists of a part inertly acting at the end of a ballistic flight. 28. An explosive shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the active body consists of a combination of separate systems.

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