RU2616034C1 - Projectile for small arms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: projectile for small arms ammunition consists of a body in the form of glass of heavy durable metal such as steel, tungsten, with an open front end, which has the insert inside. The insert is made of a reactive material. Body length ranges from 1 to 40 caliber, and the ratio between the body inner and outer diameter is 0.3-0.7.

EFFECT: provision of high penetrating power of bullets and projectiles, ensured initiation reliability of the fillings made of the reactive material with reaction products bringing in blunt space, the implementation of shock velocities and barrier strength in a wide range.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of small arms ammunition containing reaction materials and having an increased backstop action.

To increase the striking ability, small arms ammunition (bullets and shells) are equipped with explosives (explosives) or pyrotechnic compositions (PS). The use of explosives complicates the production and handling of products containing them and usually requires the use of a fuse. The cost of a fuse can be up to 30-50% of the cost of the entire ammunition, and it also occupies a tangible part of the useful mass and volume of the projectile. Therefore, the use of explosives in small-caliber bullets and shells is ineffective.

The equipment of rifle bullets and shells is widely used with pyrotechnic compositions without an igniter or fuse, while the reaction is initiated due to the strong shock loading of the composition. There are various designs of armor-piercing incendiary (BZ) bullets and shells, which differ in the location of the PS:

1. in the head part, between the thin fairing and the core;

2. in the back, behind the core;

3. In the center of a sturdy case.

Known multi-purpose bullet type Raufoss Mk 211 caliber 12.7 × 99 mm NATO (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raufoss_Mk_211). The bullet has an armor-piercing carbide core and an incendiary composition in front of it, however, unlike standard BZ bullets, this composition initiates an explosive charge and pyrophoric metal, which are located around the core and have time to be drawn into the hole formed by them by the time of ignition.

When using this design, reliable ignition of PS is ensured in case of low impact (thin or low-strength barrier, low speed), however, with an increase in the thickness of the barrier, most of the burning material is sprayed on the surface of the barrier without participating in the barrier action.

Known bullet KICM SAPHEI caliber of 0.5 inches, developed by ATK (US patent No.20080229963; IPC C06B 27/00, C06B 33/08, C06B 45/04; publ. September 25, 2008), in which the PS mount is located in in the middle of a solid case. The required sensitivity and reaction slowdown time for a given obstacle is ensured by the selection of PS composition, and since these compositions differ for thin and thick obstacles, several types of ammunition with different sensitivity are supposed to be released.

The design feature of the known bullet allows you to bring PS over the obstacle, but the ignition of the PS occurs only on solid obstacles.

The closest equivalent is a PELE (Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Effects) type projectile (Don Gloude. Capabilities of Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency (PELE®). Medium Caliber Cartridge vs. KE or HE Ammunition. 2007 NDIA 42nd Annual Armament Systems: Gun and Missile Systems Symposium, April 23-26, 2007). Such a projectile is an elongated glass (3-20 gauge length) made of durable material (steel, tungsten) with an open front and closed rear end, inside of which there is an insert of an inert light compressible material (for example, polyethylene). The principle of operation of such a projectile is that due to the open end, upon impact, the insert from light material is compressed, and after breaking through the obstacle, the stored elastic energy leads to radial expansion and fragmentation of the projectile walls, creating a fragmentation flow behind the projectile.

With the optimal ratio of the internal and external diameter of the body (usually 0.5-0.7), a high penetration ability of the projectile is provided (approximately 80-90% compared to a monolithic impactor), and the elastic energy in the insert material is sufficient for good fragmentation after exiting the obstacle .

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is that this option has intermediate characteristics, not working on "light" targets and not providing a skid of reaction products on durable ones.

These designs do not allow making ammunition that reliably works on a wide range of targets.

The objective of the invention is to develop a small arms ammunition with overstated forbidden action.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is:

- providing high penetrating ability of bullets and shells;

- ensuring the reliability of the initiation of filling from the reaction materials (RM) with the drift of reaction products into the after-space;

- implementation in a wide range (300 ... 1500 m / s) of impact speeds and strength of barriers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the rifle ammunition consists of a case in the form of a cup made of heavy strong metal (for example, steel, tungsten) with an open front end, inside of which there is an insert. The insert is made of reaction material. The length of the case is from 1 to 40 calibers, and the ratio between the inner and outer diameter of the case is 0.3-0.7.

Reaction materials - a class of substances, usually consisting of non-explosive solid components, inert under ordinary conditions and capable of burning or exploding under strong mechanical stress. In the normal state, RMs quietly burn out and are not very susceptible to mechanical stresses, however, with a strong shock, they are capable of a quick exothermic reaction. The ability to vary over a wide range of density, strength, sensitivity and reaction rate opens up new possibilities for small arms ammunition. One of the constraining factors of the application is the difficulty of ensuring reliable initiation of the reaction in various application conditions.

The drawing shows a rifle ammunition, where 1 is the body, 2 is an insert of the reaction material.

The proposed design provides a combination of high penetrating ability of bullets and shells and the reliability of initiating filling from the RM with the introduction of reaction products into the barrier space, realized in a wide range of impact speeds and strength of the barriers.

In the proposed design, insert 2 is made of PM, with preference being given to compositions that, when burned, form gaseous products (for example, PM based on metallic fuels, fluoropolymers, inorganic oxidizing agents). The formation of gases leads to an additional increase in pressure, therefore, a fragmentation effect increases, and burning products provide an incendiary effect. In addition, the design provides the concentration of impact energy in the RM, which ensures its reliable ignition at moderate speeds and reduced strength of the barrier.

For example, according to literature data (Imkhovik N.A., Selivanov V.V., Simonov A.K., Malkin A.I., Yashin V.B., Svidinsky A.V. Results of studies on the development of new reactive materials and their use in small-caliber ammunition. XXIV All-Russian scientific and technical conference of the school-seminar "Transmission, reception, processing and display of information about fast processes" Sochi, October 7-11, 2013), to initiate RM, enclosed in the rear or middle parts of a robust casing, even for steel barriers, are required soon impact velocity not lower than 500-700 m / s. The proposed design in experiments provides ignition at an impact speed of about 300 m / s when firing at targets made of low and medium strength material (aluminum, concrete, plastic, etc.).

Due to the additional energy released during the chemical reaction, the insert from PM 2 provides fragmentation of the housing 1 at a lower volume content than an inert material. Therefore, the minimum ratio between the inner and outer diameter of the housing 1 can be reduced to about 0.3. For the same reason, the height of the housing 1 can be increased 1.5-2 times and up to 30-40 calibers.

Limitations are associated both with the general mechanical characteristics of the projectile (penetrating ability and strength), and with the features of the initiation of the PM and its interaction with the body.

The boundary values of the length of the housing 1 ... 40.

With a case length of less than 1 caliber, it is impossible to realize the effect due to the fact that: 1) the breakdown effect is small; 2) RM cannot provide radial expansion (unloading occurs through the front end).

With a body length of more than 40 calibers: 1) the bending strength of the impactors is insufficient and their destruction occurs; 2) on thin obstacles, the initiation of RM occurs only in the front part, without triggering a significant part of the projectile.

The boundary value of the ratio between the inner and outer diameter of the body is 0.3 ... 0.7.

With a ratio of 0.3 or less, the strength of the body and the low degree of filling do not provide high-quality destruction of the body after breaking.

With a ratio of more than 0.7, the strength of the body decreases, and the impact of PM increases, which leads to premature destruction of the body and a drop in penetrating ability.

An example of a specific implementation. For testing, several ammunition was manufactured. The length of the shell of the first ammunition was 10 calibers, and the ratio between the inner and outer diameter was 0.4. The length of the shell of the second ammunition was 20 calibers, and the ratio between the inner and outer diameter was 0.7.

In the experiments performed at a speed of 300 m / s upon impact into rubber, aluminum, concrete and steel barriers, the effect of penetration and operation of the reaction material in the pool was not observed. In tests for a reaction material without a shell over an anvil of hard alloy of the VK type, the critical velocity below which the reaction is not initiated is about 300 m / s. At higher speeds for aluminum, concrete and steel, penetration and combustion of the reaction composition were visually observed.

Above 1500 m / s on concrete, aluminum, steel, it is impossible to ensure the mode of penetration into the barrier while maintaining the shape of the bullet - it either breaks, or is triggered in the hydrodynamic mode.

Claims (2)

1. Shell for small arms ammunition, consisting of a body in the form of a cup of heavy metal with an open front end, inside of which there is an insert, characterized in that the insert is made of reaction material, while the length of the shell is from 1 to 40 calibers, and the ratio between the inner and outer diameter of the body is 0.3-0.7. 2. Rifle ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass is made of steel or tungsten.

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