RU2556046C1 - Ammunition of multiple-factor and trans-barrier actions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: ammunition with multiple-factor and trans-barrier actions contains a housing, a detonator, an additional powerful explosive charge with high detonation rate and a main high-energy explosive charge with lower detonation rate. The main charge contains one or several sections made as chamfer or funnels, or the chutes of various geometrical shape which are completely filled with combustible powdery or liquid substances or their mixes in various aggregate states which can be located in various parts of ammunition. The additional explosive charge is located depending on arrangement of sections in various parts of the ammunition housing. The ammunition contains in the main charge the kinetic striking elements, such as compact ready fragmental elements or metal linings with small bending forming shock kernels or deep linings of cumulative action or various combinations of the listed striking elements which can be located in various parts of the ammunition.

EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities of ammunition.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to defense technology and can be used in various types of ammunition (PSU) for hitting targets with multifactorial, high-explosive and optical actions and the kinetic action of damaging elements, including for hitting objects located in the aftermath.

Various types of ammunition are known that combine target destruction with high-explosive and kinetic actions (for example, the Arms of Russia catalog, vol. 7 - M .: AOZT, Military Parade, 1997). In this catalog, kinetic ammunition is presented, which is carried out by various types of damaging elements, including fragments of natural fragmentation with compact damaging elements, cumulative jets formed by deep metal linings, shock nuclei formed by metal funnels with a small deflection. The disadvantage of known ammunition is the predominantly one-factor nature of the interdiction, mainly by kinetic damaging elements. High-explosive and optical factors of influence make an insignificant contribution to the damaging effect of backward action.

The closest analogue to the essence of the present invention, selected as a prototype, is the technical solution described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2453806, class F42B "Ammunition of high-explosive fragmentation-optical action". The specified ammunition significantly expands the range of functional capabilities of weapons of destruction, since the profiled sections included in its device, filled with energy-intensive reaction material, form powerful flows of reacting substances that affect targets with optical radiation, amplified by high-explosive action and flows of reactive particles and fragments of the body of natural crushing. The disadvantages of the prototype include reduced effectiveness on targets located in the afterglow of medium and high security objects during trajectory detonation of the munition or when it is fired at a miss due to the ability of these objects to prevent the passage of reactive components created by the action of profiled sections of ammunition .

The aim of this invention is the creation of ammunition of high explosive-fragmentation-optical action, with enhanced back-up action of damaging factors of various physical nature, such as the flow of reactive components, fragmentation of damaging elements and secondary fragments, high-explosive and optical straddling actions.

This goal is solved by the fact that in an ammunition of multifactorial and interdigital action, containing a body, fuse, the main charge of a high-energy explosive with a low detonation velocity and an additional charge of a powerful explosive with a high detonation speed, the main charge contains one or more sections in the form of funnels, recesses or gutters of various geometric shapes, filled with flammable liquid or powder substances or their mixtures of various state of aggregation and contains basically charge, damaging elements with a backward action, such as compact prefabricated shrapnel elements (GGE) or metal cladding with a small deflection, forming shock nuclei or deep cladding of cumulative action, or various combinations of these striking elements that can be located in different parts of the ammunition, and an additional explosive charge is located in conjunction with the location of the sections and damaging elements in various parts of the shell of the munition. The shells of the funnels, gutters, recesses and elements of kinetic backward damaging action can also be composite and reactive powder materials with different degrees of compaction. Thus, the distinguishing features of the invention are:

- a combination in the design of the main charge of one or several sections in the form of funnels, grooves or gutters of various geometric shapes, filled with combustible reactive substances and damaging elements with a backward action, such as compact fragmentation elements or metal linings with a small deflection, forming shock nuclei or deep facing cumulative action, or various combinations of these striking elements;

- the possibility of using powder composite and reactive materials with varying degrees of compaction as casings of funnels, gutters, or recesses of damaging elements.

These features of the invention together expand the range of functionality of the ammunition for the destruction of various types of objects, including the destruction of objects located in the aftermath, and can be implemented both in ground-based ammunition and means of defeating trajectory activation, including Adjustable and adaptable warheads.

Diffraction wave phenomena in the main charge, caused by the difference in the detonation velocities of the main and additional charges, provide a long shock-wave effect on the equipment of the sections and, as a result, their compression, heating and visco-plastic flow with high speeds in the form of jets and prominences burning with high speeds, while forming shock waves and optical radiation fluxes. Simultaneously with the compression of the equipment of the sections, the hollow cladding that forms the core or cumulative jets deforms, as well as the GGE acceleration.

The processes of the formation of impact nuclei or cumulative jets from hollow lining, or GGE acceleration proceed much faster than the processes of section equipment deformation, therefore, the kinetic damaging elements fly out of the ammunition body earlier, ahead of the reactive components in their movement towards the target. As a result of the ingress of kinetic damaging elements in the obstacles, holes and breaks are formed, through which reactive components of the section equipment penetrate into the barrier space, increasing the effectiveness of the after-action action of the munition.

The anticipatory movement of kinetic damaging elements causes additional turbulization of the medium in front of the jets, thereby increasing the speed and completeness of combustion of section equipment before and after it penetrates into the barrier space and thereby increasing the effectiveness of the munition under various operating conditions. When ammunition claddings and funnel shells are replaced in munitions with claddings made of powder materials, the damaging effect of ammunition at objects located behind low-strength barriers or medium-strength barriers is enhanced, since materials of such claddings or GGEs, or materials of sections before and after penetration as a result of burning, they are also capable of enhancing the explosive and optical effects of ammunition as a result of combustion.

Various options for the design of the ammunition are presented in figure 1 ÷ 3. Figure 1 presents a number of diagrams of options for the execution of ammunition with an axial directional movement of the striking elements and jets of reacting components. The ammunition of FIG. 1 consists of a shell-1, a main charge-2, an additional charge-4 shell, an additional charge-3, a fuse-5, a section shell in the form of a hemisphere in the main charge-6, section equipment — combustible substances in the form of powder or granules, or liquids of various viscosities, or mixtures of the listed components in various state of aggregation-7, deep lining cumulative action-8.

Other variants of the ammunition of figure 1 differ in the type of damaging elements used in its device. Options a and b, in which claddings are used to form cumulative jets-8 and shock nuclei-9, are preferred for use on the most durable and massive obstacles, options c and d, in which GPE-10 and a combination of GPE with claddings are used, are preferred for action on large-scale barriers. Option d with facings and shells of sections made of powder materials has increased effectiveness before meeting and after getting into walls of low and medium strength, due to additional energy released from the interaction of materials used as facings and shells with materials used as section equipment.

Option munition figure 2, combining cladding and sections of radial action, has increased efficiency in the remote detonation of warheads or the action of ammunition on a miss at single or group objects, including increased effectiveness of back-drive action.

The munition of FIG. 3 differs from the ammunition of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 by offset relative to its longitudinal axis of the location of the additional charge. Such an offset of the additional charge provides the directivity of the multifactorial action of the ammunition, for example, adapted action on targets.

Ammunition of the proposed design works as follows. The fuse activates an additional explosive charge, which initiates the detonation process in the main charge. The profiled detonation fronts resulting from the diffraction of detonation waves in the main charge carry out impact on the section equipment, its compression, heating, and visco-plastic flow in the form of jets from the ammunition body. Simultaneously with the compression of the equipment of the sections, the hollow cladding that forms the core and / or cumulative jets deforms, and the GGE accelerates. Kinetic elements fly out of the ammunition hull earlier than the equipment of the sections and before they hit the targets, forming holes and breaks in them, through which the jets of the reacting components penetrate into the after-space.

The anticipatory movement of kinetic damaging elements turbulizes the medium in front of the jets, thereby intensifying the combustion process of section equipment.

A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the multifactor action of the developed device with the action of analogues and prototype was carried out on two types of targets of the target environment, installed behind steel barriers - a set of equivalent sheets and the effect on night vision devices. The sheet equivalents were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the high-explosive and fragmentation effects of the mock-ups, and the efficiency of optical radiation was evaluated by its ability to temporarily blind the night-vision devices. The criterion for the effectiveness of high-explosive and high-explosive actions is the diameter of the zone in which the destruction of sheet equivalents installed at a distance of 1 m behind a steel barrier occurs. The thickness of the steel barrier was 14 mm, the barrier from the prototype was at a distance of 20 m. The criterion for the effectiveness of optical radiation was the distance from the barrier to night-vision devices installed behind the barrier. When studying the efficiency of optical radiation, barriers with an increased surface area were used. Table 1 shows the test results of the prototype and analogues of the layout options developed by the ammunition presented on figa, figb, figv, fig.1g on sheet equivalents located behind the barrier. As analogs, mock-ups with an arrangement in the end part of either only ready-made striking elements, or cumulative claddings, or claddings forming shock nuclei were tested, as a prototype, a model with an end-face arrangement of a hemispherical funnel filled with combustible materials.

In all experiments, the diameter and length of cylindrical mock-ups were, respectively, 150 and 200 mm. Observed in some cases, the damaging effect of the munition of the prototype on sheet equivalents behind the barrier occurs, obviously, as a result of exposure to shock waves formed by part of the envelope flow of reacting particles flowing over the barrier. The striking effect of kinetic elements on sheet equivalents behind the obstacle is carried out by "secondary" fragments formed as a result of the breaking away of the metal layer from the back of the barrier caused by the impact of the striking elements.

As follows from the data presented in table 1 on the relative dimensions of the marginal lesion zone of leaf equivalents, the variants of the developed device significantly surpass analogues and prototype. Similar data confirming the advantage of other variants of the developed device in the effectiveness of the action were obtained in a number of test series on sheet equivalents installed at different distances from obstacles of different thicknesses. The results of testing the effectiveness of the optical effects of the prototype and the variants of the developed device on night-vision devices installed at different distances behind a 3 × 6 m barrier are shown in Table 2.

As follows from the data presented in tables 1 and 2, mock-ups containing funnels and kinetic damaging elements made of powder materials in their device are not inferior in effectiveness to the indicated structural elements made of sheet material or from a bar.

In general, the materials of the experiments confirm the advantages of the developed device over analogues and prototype in the effectiveness of multifactorial and non-competitive actions.

Claims (2)

1. An ammunition of multifactorial and forbidden action, comprising a housing, a fuse, an additional charge of a powerful explosive with a high detonation velocity and a main charge of a high-energy explosive with a low detonation velocity, containing one or more sections in the form of recesses or funnels, or gutters of various geometric shapes, completely filled with combustible powdery or liquid substances or their mixtures of various state of aggregation, which can be located at different hours ammunition, and an additional explosive charge is located in conjunction with the location of the sections in different parts of the shell of the ammunition, characterized in that it contains in the main charge kinetic damaging elements, such as compact ready-made fragmentation elements or metal linings with a small deflection, forming impact nuclei or deep lining cumulative action or various combinations of the listed striking elements that can be located in different parts of the munition. 2. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of the funnels, recesses or grooves and elements of kinetic backward damaging action can be made of composite and reactive powder materials with different degrees of compaction.

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