RU2127861C1 - Ammunition for hitting of shells near protected object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shells with a warhead, having an envelope with a cut for uniform splitting into fragments, or containing a great number of separate hitting elements, applicable for self-defence of a vehicle, mainly tank. SUBSTANCE: ammunition has a protective shell, having a body, mainly box-shaped, with an explosive charge made in the form of a rectangular biconcave lens, whose face is coated with a bullet-shaping facing thickening in the direction of the bottom part and having nicks forming plates fastened to one another in the form of pyramids. The shell body has a groove with a wedge-type plate. The ammunition uses also a case with a propelling charge, wire communication link and a barrel-container. The attacking shell is hit in the direct closeness to the protected object. Commands to shoot and blast the ammunition are given from the self-defence control system over the wire link. EFFECT: effective protection of vehicles. 6 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of shells with a warhead, having a shell with a notch for uniform crushing into fragments or containing many individual striking elements, and can be used for self-defense of a vehicle, mainly a tank.

 Known mine directed action of the defense system from an external object at the request of Germany 3536328 from 05/31/90, induced and undermined by the signals of the detection device.

 Known ammunition of directional action for hitting low-flying objects, such as aircraft, rockets on the application of Germany 3432023, publication of 03/13/86. It contains an explosive charge with a convex spherical lining of bullet-forming elements and is designed to intercept only large targets such as airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles flying over it. Their defeat is determined by causing mechanical damage, mainly to the structure of the airframe, control units, propulsion systems. After covering a target with a lesion field, it is capable of flying a considerable distance along a ballistic trajectory, being a source of danger, which is unacceptable for protecting vehicles. The density of the bullet flow is insufficient to hit the warhead or fuse belonging to a small-sized projectile such as an anti-tank missile, due to the large sector of bullet expansion associated with the spherical shape of the bullet-forming lining. In addition, this ammunition is designed to detonate on the surface of the soil or water and requires complex modifications to be placed on vehicles, mainly due to the powerful high-explosive impact of the detonation on the installation surface.

 The prototype of the claimed invention is a device for the self-defense of battle tanks according to the application of France N 2378254, F 42 B 13/00, publ. 08/18/78, containing a throwing device mounted on the tank, which has a throwing charge, an anti-projectile housing covering the explosive charge with balls-striking elements, means for igniting the throwing charge and means of detonating the explosive charge. In order not to damage the tank and undermine the explosive charge after dropping the anti-projectile to a predetermined distance, the detonation means include a tension detonator connected to the throwing device by a tension wire, the length of which is equal to a predetermined distance. As a means of detonation, a delayed-action pyrotechnic fuse initiated through an electric switch can be switched on (instead of a pull wire fuse).

 A cylindrical throwing device is mounted on board a battle tank using brackets and fasteners. The cylindrical housing of the anti-projectile is placed in the channel of the throwing device with a small gap. The bullet-forming cladding is an external profiled end wall of the anti-projectile body with a layer of throwing balls. The propellant charge is initiated by an electric igniter, the current pulse to which is supplied via a bifilar wire from the onboard blast control system.

 A disadvantage of the known device for the self-defense of battle tanks is its low efficiency when used to protect it from an attacking high-speed anti-tank projectile. The striking elements are thrown and thrown towards the attacking shell, which creates the least favorable conditions for its destruction: first, the vulnerable target area is limited in this case by the mid-section of the warhead, which is also shielded by the streamlined cap located in front of many shells and missiles , homing head, steering compartments, etc., and secondly, the damaging elements in this scheme of self-defense fall primarily in the sensitive elements of the cumulative explosive device warheads, which can lead with a high probability to fuse and detonate with the normal formation of a cumulative jet.

 The proposed scheme and design of means of detonating an anti-projectile in flight using a tension wire of a certain length or pyrotechnic delay does not provide the required accuracy of matching the moment of detonation of the anti-projectile with the position of the attacking projectile. In particular, the use of a tensile action fuse at velocities of the attacking shell greater than the velocity of the anti-projectile leads to large range errors at the point of meeting of the field of the striking elements with the attacking shell due to the influence of the ballistic characteristics at the time of undermining. The proposed design for transmitting an impulse to detonate an electric fuse by means of two rods is unacceptable if it is necessary to shoot an anti-projectile over long distances.

 In addition, this design does not provide protection for the bullet-forming cladding of the anti-projectile from bullets, fragments, etc. and requires, for example, the installation of a special protective cover and its removal before combat use, which reduces combat readiness.

 The aim of the invention is the creation of ammunition for the destruction of shells, including small ones, near the protected object, which provides effective protection mainly for vehicles.

 The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that the fired protective projectile, having a body, mainly box-shaped, an explosive charge and a fuse, a sleeve with a propelling charge and an igniter, is placed in the container barrel, and the explosive charge is made in the form of a rectangular biconvex lens, front part of which is covered with a bullet-forming lining, a fuse is installed in the rear part, connected by a wired communication line to the blast control system. Such a projectile provides compression of the expansion sector of the bullet-forming elements and equalization of their distribution density within the obtained sector due to the fact that each cladding element, thrown by a layer of explosive in contact with it, has a slope relative to the projectile axis defined by the slope of the bullet-forming cladding walls (profiling), and the opposite facing the recess reduces the pressure of the detonation products on the elements of the bullet-forming cladding, located closer to the middle of the expansion sector. The resulting decrease in the speed of the central elements allows one to obtain an ordered (equal density, flat) bullet field of attack, which increases the probability of covering the target at the predicted point in space. The lining, rectangular in plan, provides rationality of the layout on the shells of narrowly targeted action of a box-shaped form.

 The bullet-forming cladding has a set of intersecting cuts that form pyramidal-shaped plates fastened together to provide a bullet-forming effect when the munition is detonated when dividing the cladding elements, which are deformed and folded into bullets due to the greater acceleration acquired by the plate material located along the periphery of the base of the pyramid along compared to its central area. Such a technical solution is most optimal from the point of view of selecting explosive energy with a flat thin plate during throwing and its subsequent flight in a compact form with a low ballistic coefficient. In addition, this form of the bullet-forming plate allows a more ordered distribution of bullets in the lesion field due to a better division of the lining into bullet-forming fragments during the throwing process. The material of the bullet-forming cladding should have good ductility at a certain level of strength, ensuring the formation of non-destructible compact bullets when undermining.

 Bullet-forming lining is made with increasing thickness in the direction of the bottom of the protective shell. This allows you to tilt the bullet field of defeat when shooting a protective projectile towards the target due to the difference in the speed of throwing bullets, while the bullets on the approach side of the attacking target have maximum speed. This ensures the impact of bullets first on the explosive charge, leading to its abnormal initiation from the side of the warhead or mechanical damage, and only then on the "sensitivity area" of the explosive device.

 When using a prototype mounted on a vehicle, the penetration of bullets into the "sensitivity area" of the explosive device of the warhead of the attacking target can lead to its normal operation, that is, the detonation of the intact warhead with the formation of a cumulative jet, since in most anti-tank weapons the "sensitivity area" located in front of the explosive charge.

 The body of the protective shell has a longitudinal guide groove with a depth decreasing towards the bottom, in which a wedge plate is installed with spikes on the surface in contact with the inner wall of the container barrel, which presses the projectile against the barrel wall during the shot and excludes shell oscillations in the barrel during its movement due to the choice of gaps between the barrel wall and the projectile, which is especially important for an artillery system with a rectangular section of the barrel channel, which is difficult to manufacture with the required accuracy. To prevent the destruction of the body of the protective shell and the normalization of the pressing force on the plate there are spikes that can be embedded in the less durable lining of the internal cavity of the barrel or be deformed under certain more powerful pressing forces.

 The sleeve with a propelling charge and igniter has gas transmission holes along its entire length, oriented towards the protective shell, and the sleeve is perpendicular to the firing line. This design allows for the stability of the combustion of gunpowder at low pressures in the projectile volume and a decrease in the maximum pressure in the barrel. Orientation of the sleeve and its openings allows to reduce the energy loss of the work of the propellant propellant charge spent on the reversal of gas flows in the direction of exit from the barrel.

 The wire communication line connecting it to the control system for detonating a protective projectile is made of a cable laid in the form of a flat knitted tape fixed on the body of a protective projectile, which allows for compact laying and reliable operation of the wire under conditions of overload and exposure to powder gases during the movement of a protective projectile along the trunk and out of it due to the damping of the blooming weave of wires (for example, culinary).

 The munition is equipped with a disposable steel barrel-container, the inner walls of which are lined with plastic, which allows to obtain high accuracy of the barrel bore without cutting with high-strength material.

 In FIG. 1, 2 depict a front and side views (longitudinal axial sections), figure 3 is a top view of the proposed ammunition.

 In FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section of the ammunition at the installation site of the wedge plate.

 In FIG. 5 shows a top view (from the end) of a section of the expansion sector of the bullet-forming elements of the lining of a flat explosive charge having two recesses.

 In FIG. 6 shows the appearance of the bullet-forming cladding from the side of the incisions with a variable thickness of the bullet-forming elements.

 In FIG. 7 shows a side section of a bullet-forming cladding.

 In FIG. 8 shows the principle of operation of a projectile with a bullet-forming lining of varying thickness.

 In FIG. 9, 10 shows a protective projectile with a wireline before and during cable pulling (shooting).

 The munition contains a flat explosive charge 1 in the form of a rectangular biconcave lens, a plastic shell 2, a bullet-shaped lining 3 in the form of a rectangular funnel filled with polystyrene 4, a fuse 5, a sleeve 6 with gas transfer holes 7, a powder propellant charge 8, an electric igniter 9 as a means of initiation, a wired communication line 10 for transmitting electrical impulses, an external electrical connector 11, which provides docking with cables 26 of the shooting and detonation control systems, barrel-to nteyner 12 of sheet steel with high martensitostareyuschey bandages 13 having a channel molded plastics liner 14, pins 15 fixed wedge plate 16 with spikes 17 in grooves 21, the mounting shafts 18, and the protective cover 19 with explosive bolts 20.

 Ammunition works as follows. An electric pulse from the detonation control system through an external connector 11 and a wireline 10 is supplied to an electric igniter 9 of a powder propellant charge 8. The powder charge burns in the constant volume of the sleeve 6, and the burnt gases exit through the gas transmission holes 7 towards the protective shell and push it out of the barrel -container 12. The detachable screws 20 are fastened, fastening the protective cover with a muzzle band 13. At this moment, the projectile hits the wedge plates 16, which are pressed into the plastic by the spikes 17 w liner 14 opposite the stem and sliding the wedge surface A (see. FIG. 4) in the slots 21 of the housing, pressing the projectile is carried out throughout the length of the front side to the opposite wall of the container trunk (surface B). The projectile, having selected the gaps, slides along this wall until the moment of departure. At the same time, the cable of the wire communication line 10 is pulled out of the stack in the form of a knitted tape (see Fig. 10). An electric pulse is supplied through an external electrical connector and through a wired communication line from the detonation control system to a fuse 5, initiating an explosive charge 1, the detonation products of which at the moment of throwing the cladding elements 3 deform them, turning compact bullets 22, which have increased destructive capabilities. The ratio of the maximum size C (see Fig. 6) in the thickness of each bullet-forming cladding to the average size in thickness G lies in the range 2.2 ... 3 and the average size G to the side of the base of the pyramid H lies in the range 0.1 ... 0.3. The flow of bullets is thrown in a narrow sector W, which provides a high probability of small-sized attacking shells getting into the warhead due to the formation of a flat striking front in this sector with a uniform distribution of bullets in it (surface K in Fig. 5). This effect is achieved by throwing bullet-forming elements from the inclined surfaces of the bullet-forming cladding 3, covering the front notch on the explosive charge (surface D in Figs. 2, 5) and due to the influence of the back notch on the charge (surface E), which reduces the speed of bullets in the middle sectors.

 When undermining the proposed munition with a cladding of variable thickness, the speed of throwing bullets increases linearly, starting from the bottom of the projectile (see Fig. 8), which allows when firing a protective projectile 23 at an angle towards the attacking tank 24 projectile 25 first hit vulnerable compartments on the side, including warhead (zone L), and then hit the compartments, hit in which causes the fuse of the attacking shell (zone N).

 The feasibility of the proposed device is confirmed by the manufacture and testing of experimental samples as part of the tank’s self-defense systems. Ammunition allows for effective destruction of warheads of large and small calibers in the immediate vicinity of the protected object. In addition, the manufacture of a protective shell made of plastic, the organization of its stable flight and the directional throwing of bullets in a narrow sector towards the ground make it possible to use tank infantry in battle. An ordered lesion field with a “rigid” fixed distribution of the damaging elements (bullets) in it makes it possible to increase the probability of hitting an attacking shell by 15-20%. Creating a lesion field with a linear distribution of the velocity profile reduces the residual armor penetration of the affected targets.

Claims (6)

 1. Ammunition for hitting shells near the protected object, containing a protective shell with a body, mainly a box-shaped, explosive charge and fuse, a sleeve with a propelling charge and an igniter, characterized in that the protective shell is placed in the barrel of the container, and the explosive charge The substance is made in the form of a rectangular biconvex lens, the front part of which is covered with a bullet-forming lining, the fuse is installed in the back and connected by a drive communication line to the control system washing, moreover, the bullet-forming lining has a set of intersecting cuts that form pyramidal-shaped plates fastened together.  2. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet-forming lining is made with increasing thickness in the direction of the bottom of the protective shell.  3. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective shell shell has a longitudinal guide groove with a depth decreasing towards the bottom, in which a wedge plate with spikes is installed on the surface in contact with the inner wall of the container barrel.  4. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve with a propelling charge and igniter has gas transmission holes along the entire length, oriented towards the protective shell, and the sleeve is perpendicular to the firing line.  5. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the wired communication line is made of a cable laid in the form of a knitted tape fixed to the body of a protective projectile.  6. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel of the container is made of steel with inner walls lined with plastic.

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