RU2705134C1 - Ammunition of fragmentation action with ready striking elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition of fragmentation action, and in particular to ammunition having ready striking elements, and can be used in military science. Ammunition of fragmentation action with ready striking elements comprises a body with a central explosive charge placed therein, initiated from the end face, and ready striking elements arranged between the body and the charge, which form the block with the help of a binding substance. Affecting elements are made in the form of quadrangular inclined prisms with height b and base length l, stacked one after another such that angle of inclination of faces y is directed towards motion of detonation front of explosive charge, and conjugated to each other inclined faces. Angle of inclination of the face and length of the base of the damaging element are determined from the relationships.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at maintaining integrity of striking elements during explosive throwing, and increasing their impact on targets.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fragmentation ammunition, and in particular to ammunition having ready-to-use striking elements, and can be used in military affairs.

To achieve the greatest power of fragmentation ammunition to hit targets, such as manpower in bulletproof vests, unarmored and lightly armored vehicles, the striking parameters of the fragments should be optimal. The destructive parameters of fragments are understood as the speed, mass and shape, which determine the energy characteristics of the fragments at the moment of meeting with the target (obstacle). This is achieved, for example, by using ready-made striking elements (GGE) in ammunition having a given shape and mass. In the form of GGEs most often performed in the form of a ball, cube, short cylinder (roller) and are made of steel.

According to the method of throwing GGE, two schemes are known:

1) throwing with a powder (knock-out) charge, creating an axial field of forward GGE and used in fragmentation-beam shells;

2) throwing an explosive charge of a blasting explosive (BVV) by an explosion, creating an axisymmetric circular field of fragments.

The second throwing scheme provides greater fragmentation efficiency for hitting targets due to the circular lesion field and the ability to communicate GGE with high scattering speeds, which is why it is widely used in fragmentation fragmentation munitions.

GGE throwing by explosive explosive contact explosion is carried out according to the traditional explosive loading of high-explosive ordnance shell with a sliding detonation front along the explosive detonator initiated by the fuse along the GGE block along the munition axis and differs significantly from the “soft” powder throwing by the presence of intense wave processes in the GGE block.

Known warhead fragmentation action [1]. The fragmentation warhead contains a body, an explosive charge, a matrix located between them with ready-made striking elements in the form of bodies of revolution.

Known fragmentation shell of ammunition with a given fragmentation [2]. The fragmentation shell with predetermined fragmentation is made of elongated rods that are not connected to each other and are installed between the explosive and the ammunition body, fragments of which are divided along material discontinuity surfaces transversely located and rotated relative to each other.

Known warhead [3], which contains a bursting charge and a housing in which the finished compact striking elements are adjacent to each other and to the inner surface of the all-metal shell. Ready damaging elements in their central zone are cylindrical, and in the end - conical.

Common signs with the ammunition proposed by the authors are the shell, the central blast of explosive blasting material (BVV), initiated from the end, and ready-to-use striking elements (GGE) located between the shell and the charge, forming a block, for example, using a binder. Such technical solutions are found in the designs of various grenades, engineering fragmentation mines, prefabricated adhesive fragmentation warheads of anti-aircraft guided missiles [4, p. 213-214].

The considered designs of ammunition have a number of disadvantages due to the presence of intense wave processes in the GGE, arising at the time of their explosive throwing and leading to a decrease in the efficiency of fragmentation:

- GGE can be destroyed at the moment of explosive loading as a result of crack nucleation due to the presence of intense wave processes [5];

- GGE can be destroyed when they meet an obstacle without breaking through it due to the development of nascent cracks (acquired damage) formed in the material of the element at the time of explosive loading.

A diagram of the wave processes leading to cracking during explosive loading is shown in FIG. one.

When a detonation wave propagates through an explosive charge with a velocity D, successive shock loading of the shell material (elements) occurs.

In the contact zone “detonation front - element material” (point B), the pressure increases spasmodically, the value of which is calculated from the dependence

where ρ _centuries is the density of explosives.

As a result of shock application of the load to the inner surface of the housing (element), an elastic compression wave C _e will propagate along it. The propagation velocity of the elastic wave will be determined by the physicomechanical characteristics of the metal and in the acoustic approximation can be calculated from

where E is Young's modulus;

ρ _m is the density of the metal.

Metal particles located behind the front of the elastic wave will move in the direction of wave motion, and those particles that are between the outer surface and the front of the compression wave at the moment in question will be at rest.

Since the detonation velocity of the explosive ion beam exceeds the velocity of the elastic wave in the element material, the oblique front of the elastic compression wave moves along the material of the element after the detonation front. In this case, the angle of inclination of the front of the elastic compression wave to the inner surface of the element is determined by the detonation velocity of the explosives and the propagation velocity of elastic stresses in the material of the element and is

Following the elastic compression wave, a plastic compression wave C _p propagates through the element material, but with a lower velocity, depending on the volumetric compression modulus of the element material

where K is the bulk modulus of the material.

Behind the front of a plastic wave, the material passes from an elastic stress state to a plastic one, and a zone of intense plastic deformation propagates through the material with a speed U _p , which can be calculated from the dependence

where P is the knock pressure.

When the front of the elastic compression wave reaches the outer surface of the element, the particles of the material get the possibility of quasi-free movement within the elastic deformations, and the elastic unloading wave begins to propagate in the opposite direction from the outer surface at a speed of C _e , changing the compressive stresses behind its front to tensile ones.

When the front of the elastic unloading wave meets the boundary of the zone of intense plastic deformation (point A), the further propagation of the unloading wave ceases. Two zones of the stress state of the walls of the body are formed (Fig. 1):

outside - an elastic zone of extension;

inside - a plastic compression zone.

At this point in time, all the particles of the material of the element that are behind the front of the unloading wave will be involved in the movement, and the outer tensile zone gets a sharp displacement, making it possible to move the inner deformation zone. Actually, at this moment, the element begins to move under the action of detonation products in the considered section and the wave processes decay. Inside the element at this moment, micro and macrocracks of various intensities arise in the elastic tensile zone b ₁ , which can lead to destruction of the element at the time of throwing or to remain in the element, causing a violation of its continuity (acquired damage), which can lead to destruction of the element when it meets an obstacle.

The objective of the invention is to preserve the integrity of the GGE during explosive throwing by eliminating the conditions for the formation of micro and macrocracks in the material of the finished striking elements during explosive throwing and, as a result, increase the power of fragmentation.

The invention is illustrated in graphic materials. In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of wave processes leading to cracking. In FIG. 2 a general view of the fragmentation ordnance; in FIG. 3 finished striking element, in FIG. 4 is a diagram of wave processes in the GGE from the action of detonation products of the explosive charge, explaining the principle of eliminating the initiation of cracks in the proposed GGE.

, уложенных друг за другом так, что угол наклона граней у направлен в сторону движения фронта детонации разрывного заряда и сопрягающихся друг с другом наклонными гранями, при этом угол наклона грани определяется по зависимостиTo solve the problem in the proposed munition (Fig. 2), containing the housing 1 with the central explosive charge 2 placed therein and located between the housing and the charge of the finished striking elements 3, the striking elements (Fig. 3) are made in the form of rectangular inclined prisms with height b and base length

laid one after another so that the angle of inclination of the faces of y is directed towards the movement of the detonation front of the discontinuous charge and the inclined faces mating with each other, while the angle of inclination of the face is determined by the dependence

where D is the detonation velocity of the explosive charge, m / s;

C _e - the speed of sound in the material of the element, m / s,

определяется по зависимостиand the length of the base of the element

determined by dependence

where b is the thickness of the element, mm

The proposed ammunition works as follows.

Upon initiation of an explosive charge, detonation begins to propagate through it at a speed D (Fig. 4). At time T1, the detonation front goes into the section where the base of the element begins. In the contact zone “detonation front - the inner surface of the element” pressure increases spasmodically and an elastic compression wave С _е , a plastic compression wave С _p , and a zone of intense plastic deformation U _p begin to propagate over the material of the element, respectively, according to dependences (2), (4 ) and (5). At time T2, various zones of wave processes will be formed in the material of the element. As can be seen from FIG. 4, at an angle of inclination at the face of the element calculated according to dependence (6), the angle of meeting of the elastic compression front С _е with the lateral surface of the element will be 180 ° -α ° -γ ° = 90 °, i.e. the regime of irregular reflection of the elastic compression wave from the side surface of the element is realized [6]. Thus, as the detonation propagates, the front of the elastic compression wave moves along the element along the normal in the irregular reflection mode. As a result of the interaction of the front of the elastic compression wave with the lateral surface of the element in the mode of irregular reflection, the propagation of an intense elastic unloading wave inside the element is excluded, behind the front of which particles of the material of the element from the rest state are involved in the state of motion in the direction of propagation of the elastic compression wave. Since cracks that determine the destruction of the element during explosive loading occur at the moment of meeting the elastic unloading wave with the boundary of the zone of intense plastic deformation U _p , the proposed design of the munition with ready-to-use damaging elements eliminates the process of nucleation of micro and macrocracks in the elements.

которое определяет длину основания элемента при заданной его толщине b и рассчитывается по зависимостиAt time T3, the front of the elastic compression wave C _e passes the lateral surface of the element and goes to the edge, from which begins the surface of the upper (outer) base of the element. From this moment on, irregular reflection becomes regular and the implementation of the crack formation mechanism shown in FIG. 1. Thus, the moment of time T3 determines the boundary point of the element when the conditions for the initiation of cracks are excluded. At this point in time, the detonation front D will pass along the element at a distance

which determines the length of the base of the element at a given thickness b and is calculated by the dependence

where b is the thickness of the element, mm

At time T3, the detonation front D goes to the next element and the loading circuit of the next element is repeated.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2106596 C1. Fragmentation warhead.

2. Patent RU 2267739 C1. A fragmentation shell of ammunition with a given fragmentation.

3. Patent RU 2227265 C1. Combat unit.

4. Means of destruction and ammunition: textbook / A.V. Babkin [et al.]; under the general. ed. V.V. Selivanova. - M.: Publishing House of MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 2008 .-- 984 p.

5. Directional fragmentation streams. V. Odintsov. The magazine "Technology and armament" No. 8, No. 9/2000

Claims (7)

Ammunition fragmentation with ready-to-use striking elements, comprising a body with a central explosive charge placed in it, initiated from the end, and ready-made striking elements located between the body and charge, forming a block using a binder, characterized in that the striking elements are made in the form of quadrangular inclined prisms with a height b and a base length l , stacked one after another so that the angle of inclination of the faces γ is directed towards the movement of the detonation front of the discontinuous charge, and the conjugate inclined faces that are connected to each other, while the angle of inclination of the face is determined by the dependence

where D is the detonation velocity of the explosive charge, m / s; C _e - the speed of sound in the material of the element, m / s, and the length of the base of the element l is determined by the dependence

where b is the thickness of the element, mm

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