RU2741982C1 - Mortar noiseless shot - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition, namely, to shots used for firing mortars and grenade launchers. Mortar noiseless shot is made in the form of permanent monolithic structure containing contact fuse, monolithic tail and combat parts. Stop, a piston with an initiating charge, a gas generator, a transition bottom and a stabilizer are arranged inside the shot tail part. Firing part of the shot is equipped with ready striking elements located between two shells and an explosive charge. Charge of explosive, transition bottom, gas generator, piston with initiation charge and stop are arranged inside cylindrical shell made of composite material. Outside on the cylindrical shell in the firing part of the shot the ready striking elements made from ceramics based on aluminium oxide are fixed and bamboozled by means of the composite material winding. Fuse is covered with radar absorbent material.

EFFECT: technical result is higher stealth behaviour and efficiency of fragmentation.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to the construction of ammunition, in particular to shots used for firing mortars and grenade launchers. The state of the art characterizes the following technical solutions.

Known solution for patent RU 2498202 from 22.03.2012, "Shrapnel-beam barrel mine" Tverityanka-2 "with a fired throwing unit. The mine is made of two separable explosive sections with their undermining at different times, while the front section contains a head proximity fuse and an axial propellant charge, and the rear section contains a body with an explosive charge (HE) and a bottom inertial fuse. A pyrotechnic separation charge is located between the sections.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the fact that the declared ammunition does not provide noiselessness, flamelessness and is noticeable for counter-battery warfare radars.

Known technical solution, protected by RF patent No. 2349868 from 20.03.2009, "Fragment cartridge for a hand grenade launcher and a method of forming its fragmentation shirt." In the cartridge, the body is made in the form of a thin-walled plastic shell, a transverse thin-walled elastic partition is installed in the cavity of the head part, which rests along the perimeter on its surface and is elastically bent in the direction of firing with steel balls. The bottom of the grenade is made of plastic in the form of a glass with a leading belt molded on it and with an additional explosive charge placed in it. The fuse without gaps is installed in the additional explosive charge.

The disadvantages of the technical solution include the fact that the design has a limitation in the angles of approach of the ammunition to the target, for example, a fragmentation cartridge grenade will be effective only at shallow approach angles (15-25 degrees) to the target. At large approach angles (45-90 degrees) to the target, the fragments located in front of the grenade will be buried in the ground.

Known technical solution for the patent RU No. 2656258 warhead, consisting of a body, fuse, charge and striking elements, between the case and the charge, striking elements are made of ceramic material and are made in the form of three-dimensional multifaceted figures, interconnected in a single block that occupies all the space between the charge and the body.

The striking elements are made in the form of triangular or tetrahedral prisms, radio-absorbing adhesive material, the layer thickness of which is 0.05-1 mm. The striking elements can be interconnected by a jumper made of base material. The striking elements can be made of a ceramic material based on aluminum oxide or silicon nitride. The warhead body is made of basalt fiber or other radio invisible material. The use of ceramic material for the manufacture of submunitions, as well as the implementation of the body of basalt fiber ensure the radio invisibility of the warhead. An insignificant amount of metal parts is included only in the fuse, which can be covered with a cap made of radio-absorbing material to improve radio performance. This will increase the time for additional detection of the mortar crew on the battlefield.

The disadvantage of this invention is the noise and fieryness of the shot.

Known technical solution for RF patent No. 2494337 from 08.16.2011 g - prototype. Mortar silent shot is made in the form of a sealed screw pair of the warhead and the shank. The warhead (warhead) of the shot is equipped with ready-made striking elements (GGE) located between two shells, while the thickness of the outer shell of the warhead does not exceed 2/3 of the diameter of the GGE, the shape of which can be spherical; the propellant charge (MH) is made of two or more, made in the form of drums of separate sections, allowing the variability of their use, with this, the end surface of the MH section can be made of fabric (percale); the shank body is made integrally with the braking device; the inner channel of the shank body from the stabilizer side is equipped with a braking device made in the form of an inverse cone; the shank body in the area of the braking device is made of a plastically deformable material; a piston with a piercing-type initiator installed in it is made by means of a combination of inner and deformable outer bushings, made of materials with different strength properties; the piston is equipped with obturating rings.

The disadvantages of the known design include the fact that the design does not ensure its stealth during the flight. The striking elements are made in the form of metal balls, which have insufficient effective lethality, their number is small. The body elements are metal and do not provide the required stealth.

The technical problem of the claimed invention is aimed at creating an easy-to-manufacture device that provides noiselessness, stealth (radio transparency) and the effectiveness of fragmentation.

The technical result to be achieved by the claimed invention consists in:

- noiselessness and flamelessness of the shot;

- ensuring stealth;

- increasing the power of fragmentation action;

- ease of manufacture;

- exclusion of the emission of propellant charge combustion products into the surrounding atmosphere.

A silent mortar shot is made in the form of a one-piece monolithic structure containing a contact fuse, a monolithic tail and warhead, a stop, a piston with an initiating charge, a gas generator, a transition bottom and a stabilizer are located inside the tail section, the warhead is equipped with ready-made striking elements located between two shells, and an explosive charge, according to the invention, the inner cylindrical shell of the shot is made of a composite material, inside of which there is an explosive charge, a transition bottom, a gas generator, a piston with an initiating charge and a stop, ready-made striking elements are fixed outside on a cylindrical shell, made of oxide-based ceramics aluminum and banded by winding fiberglass or basalt-plastic fabric tape or fiber, the fuse is covered with radio-absorbing material.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that ready-made striking elements (GGE) made of a ceramic composite material, for example, aluminum oxide or silicon nitride, are hung on the composite cylindrical shell. GGE are fixed on a composite pipe using an adhesive material with a layer thickness of 0.05-1 mm. The whole structure is bandaged by winding basalt or fiberglass fibers.

Stealth is achieved through the use of composite materials of a cylindrical shell - polyamide, polycarbonate or ABS-plastic, winding of glass or basalt fiber, GGE - aluminum oxide or silicon nitride and the design of the ammunition, ensuring its radio transparency, in which the effect of through passage or absorption of the radio beam will be achieved (fuse coverage) through the entire munition without any reflection or with minimal reflection, which does not allow the formation of an effective radius of detection of a flying munition.

In addition, while maintaining the total mass of the damaging elements, taking into account that the density of steel is more than 2 times higher than the density of aluminum oxide, it becomes possible to increase their number, and therefore combat effectiveness.

The use of a radiotransparent adhesive material, for example, based on epoxy glue, ensures the radio transparency of the warhead. The thickness of the adhesive layer from 0.05 to 1 mm is the most optimal, since layers with a thickness of less than 0.05 mm do not allow to exclude point contacts between ceramics - ceramics, ceramic bodies, layers with a thickness of more than 1 mm are not advisable due to the fact that this leads to a significant decrease in the volume of the striking element and, consequently, to a decrease in its mass.

The fuse housing can also be made of composite material,

in the case of a standard fuse, a composition of a radio-absorbing material based on barium hexaferrite is applied to it.

When fired, the piston, moving along the inner channel of the shank body, wedges it by braking to the stop, which makes it possible to block the outlet of the propellant charge combustion products, thereby achieving the absence of smoke, flame and loud pop.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by graphic material, which shows a schematic longitudinal section of the device.

Mortar silent shot contains tail X and warhead B parts, contact fuse 1, covered with a shell 2. Warhead B is equipped with ready-made striking elements 3 located between two shells 4 and 5, and an explosive charge 6. The inner cylindrical shell 4 is made of composite material. Inside the shell 4 is an explosive charge, a transition bottom 7, a gas generator 8, an initiating charge 9, a piston 10, and a stop 12. The finished striking elements 4 are fixed on the outside of the shell 4 and are made of ceramics based on aluminum oxide and are bandaged by means of fiberglass winding 5 or basalt plastic fabric tape. Fuse 1 is covered with radio-absorbing material 2. Inside the tail section X there is a stop 13, a piston 10, an initiating charge 9, a gas generator 8, a transition bottom 7. The tail section X is equipped with a stabilizer 13.

The work of the shot is carried out as follows.

The shot is installed on the pin 14 of the firing device (mortar), in which the impact mechanism is located. After the percussion mechanism is released, the sting of the pin 14 is pinned onto the initiating device 9 located in the piston 10, the gas generator 8 ignites. Under the action of the pressure of the combustion products of the gas generator 8, the shot moves along the pin 14 of the firing device until it leaves it. When the shot leaves the pin 14 of the firing device, the piston 10 wedges the cavity 11, resting against the stop 4. After the shot leaves the pin of the firing device, it flies along a ballistic trajectory until the projectile meets the target.

The functioning of the warhead B of the proposed design is as follows. When the warhead B approaches the surface of the earth, fuse 1 is triggered, the explosive charge 6 detonates and the warhead B explodes and the warhead B explodes. ...

The striking elements of the claimed device can be obtained by pressing and single-stage firing technology in order to reduce the cost of products.

Thus, the proposed invention allows:

- to increase the time before the detection of flying ammunition, mines and missiles (also determining the coordinates of the mortar crew on the battlefield) due to the use of composite radio-transparent and radio-absorbing materials;

- to increase the effectiveness of hitting a target by increasing the number of damaging elements and their total mass;

- to unify a warhead with high radio invisibility characteristics for use in grenades, shells, mines, missiles, etc. The invention minimizes the reflection of radio waves or their complete absorption when passing through the ammunition during the operation of counter-battery and anti-missile radar stations and highly effective destruction of targets.

Claims (3)

1. Mortar silent shot, made in the form of a one-piece monolithic structure containing a contact fuse, a monolithic tail and warhead, a stop, a piston with an initiating charge, a gas generator, a transition bottom and a stabilizer are located inside the tail section, the warhead is equipped with ready-made striking elements located between two shells, and an explosive charge, characterized in that the explosive charge, the transition bottom, the gas generator, the piston with the initiating charge and the stop are placed inside the cylindrical shell made of composite material, on the outside on the cylindrical shell in the warhead, ready-made striking elements made made of ceramics based on aluminum oxide and bandaged by means of winding from a composite material, the fuse is covered with a radio-absorbing material. 2. Mortar silent shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical shell is made of polyamide, or polycarbonate, or ABS plastic. 3. Mortar silent shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding is made of fiberglass or cloth tape or fiber.

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