RU2294521C1 - Cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cartridges fir hand mortars.

SUBSTANCE: the cartridge has a cartridge case with a propellant charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge case and including a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic envelope, whose bottom forms the projectile head, and in which positioned are a charge of thermosetting plastic with an explosive used as a filler with a cavity in the rear end with a fuse fully buried in it without clearances, and a projectile bottom of plastic material in the form of a cup, and components of projectile engagement with the mortar barrel rifles in the form of a circular boss. The charge front section up to the fuse level is lowered relative to the projectile body, fitted on this lowered section is a thin-walled metal envelope in the form of a cup flanged to the projectile body, the projectile bottom is made with an outside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the projectile body, the depth is equal to or exceeds the depth of the thin-walled metal envelope, and a lowering of the outside diameter at the open end face by which it is cemented in the projectile body cavity, ready-made fragments in the form of steel balls are positioned between the projectile body and the metal envelope, the balls are fastened to one another, projectile body and the thin-walled metal envelope by cement, the projectile bottom cavity up to the fuse is filled with an additional charge of the thermosetting plastic with an explosive used as a filler, an additional filler in the form of fine-dispersed metal powder is introduced in both charges.

EFFECT: enhanced high-explosive and fragment affecting action of the projectile.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, namely to cartridges for hand grenade launchers containing high-explosive shells, but can also be used in high-explosive fragmentation and fragmentation munitions of various types, for example artillery.

An analysis of the known cartridges for hand grenade launchers [Jane's Ammunition Handbook Edited by Terry J Cander and Charles Q Cutshaw Ninth Edition 2000-2001, pp. 560-568] shows that their division into high-explosive and high-explosive high-explosive shells is rather arbitrary, since associated with the direction of the ejection of the bulk of the damaging fragments:

- if the damaging fragments are thrown in all directions or mainly in the lateral directions and back - these are high-explosive fragmentation cartridges (sometimes these same cartridges are called fragmentation cartridges);

- if the striking fragments are thrown mainly in the direction of fire and in the lateral directions - these are high-explosive cartridges.

The famous American high-explosive cartridge M406 [Jane's Ammunition Handbook Edited by Terry J Cander and Charles Q Cutshaw Ninth Edition 2000-2001, p. 544], selected by the authors and applicants of the present invention with its analogue, contains a two-chamber sleeve with a propelling charge and a projectile with a leading belt on a thick-walled aluminum shell having a sleeve shape, in the bottom of which a high explosive charge of 32 g is compressed, this charge is enclosed in a thin-walled spherical shell forming the bottom of the shell. A head fuse is screwed into the front of the shell body, connected by a special initiating charge with a high explosive charge and covered by a thin-walled head fairing.

The main source of fragments in this shell is its body and fuse, which are randomly generated and randomly thrown in the side directions and in the direction of fire. Therefore, they do not form a continuous fragmentation field in these directions and add little to the explosive damaging effect of the projectile, which is 3 m, which makes it quite effective indoors and not very effective in the open. At the same time, the range of safe firing for the grenade launcher with this cartridge is 14 m, which is caused by the possibility of an accidental and rather large fragment flying away from the thin-walled steel shell of a high-explosive charge and significantly complicates the use of this cartridge in populated areas.

The disadvantages of the cartridge analogue to some extent eliminated in the well-known Russian high-explosive cartridge [RU, patent No. 2066437 from 09/10/96, 6 F 42 B 52/02], selected by the authors and applicant of the present invention with its prototype.

The cartridge consists of a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge case and comprising a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic shell, the bottom of which forms the head of the projectile and in which a charge from a thermoset with explosive is placed as a filler with a cavity in which an explosive is installed without gaps the device, the bottom of the shell made of plastic material in the form of a glass and the elements of the interaction of the shell with the grooves of the grenade launcher barrel.

A higher-mass explosive charge can be used in the prototype projectile’s shell in comparison with an analogue, the plastic elements surrounding the high-explosive charge, when it explodes, are destroyed into dust and do not form damaging fragments, the only source of fragments is a head fuse, but these fragments are thrown only in the direction firing and do not impose restrictions on the range safe for a grenade launcher. At the same time, the presence of an inert thermoset in the composition of the explosive somewhat reduces its damaging high-explosive effect, including indoors, and the absence of a continuous destructive fragmentation field in the lateral directions and in the direction of fire makes it ineffective in open areas.

The technical task of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of known cartridges, namely increasing their high explosive damage and fragmentation in the lateral directions and in the direction of fire while ensuring a minimum safe range for the grenade launcher in buildings, structures and in the open.

According to the present invention, the solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in a cartridge containing a cartridge with a propelling charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge and including a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic shell, the bottom of which forms the head of the projectile and in which the charge from a thermoset with explosive is placed substance as a filler with a cavity in which an explosive device is installed without gaps, the bottom of a shell made of plastic material in the form of a glass and interaction elements a projectile with rifled barrel grenade launcher, new is that:

- the fuse is completely recessed in the cavity made in the rear end of the charge;

- the front of the charge to the level of the fuse is lowered relative to the shell of the shell and a thin-walled metal shell in the form of a glass having a flanging edge to the shell of the shell is put on this ignition;

- the bottom of the shell is made with an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of the shell of the shell, a depth equal to or greater than the depth of the thin-walled metal shell, and a decrease in the outer diameter of the open end, with which it is installed on the adhesive in the cavity of the shell of the shell;

- between the shell of the shell and the thin-walled metal shell are placed ready-made fragments in the form of steel balls bonded together, with the shell of the shell and with a thin-walled metal shell with glue;

- the cavity of the bottom of the projectile to the fuse is filled with an additional charge from the thermoset with the explosive as a filler;

- an additional filler in the form of a finely divided metal powder is introduced into both charges;

- elements of the interaction of the projectile with the grooves of the grenade launcher barrel are made at the bottom of the projectile in front of the sleeve in the form of an annular protrusion;

In special cases:

- both charges and the fuse are bonded to each other, with the body and the bottom of the shell glue;

- when using a two-chamber sleeve, the high-pressure chamber of which is open towards the projectile, a hollow protrusion is made at the bottom of the projectile, the inner diameter of which is equal to or greater than the diameter of the fuse, which is filled with an additional charge and installed in the high-pressure chamber of the cartridge case.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, where in section the considered cartridge is presented.

The cartridge contains:

- sleeve 1 with a propelling charge 2. The sleeve can be made of both metal and plastic, structurally it can be single-chamber or two-chamber, and in the latter case (see drawing) the sleeve high-pressure chamber is made of metal and reinforced in its plastic case;

- shell 3 installed in the sleeve 1 on the glue or on a tight fit;

- thin-walled plastic shell 4 with a convex bottom forming the head of the projectile 3;

- the plastic bottom of the projectile 5 in the form of a glass having an outer diameter equal to the diameter of a thin-walled plastic shell 4, and a decrease in the outer diameter at the open end, with which the bottom on the adhesive is installed in the shell;

- plastic lead belt 6 in the form of an annular protrusion on the outer surface of the bottom 5 in front of the sleeve 1:

- charge 7 from a thermoset with an explosive and finely divided metal powder as a filler, placed in the rear end of the charge 7;

- fuse 8, completely recessed in the cavity, in the rear end of the charge;

- a thin-walled metal shell 9 in the form of a glass with a flanging of its edge to the shell 4, worn on the lowering, made on the front of the charge 7 to the level of the fuse 8 and having a thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm;

- finished fragments 10 in the form of steel balls with a diameter of 2-3 mm, placed in a cavity formed by a thin-walled metal shell 9 and a thin-walled plastic shell 4, and bonded to each other and to both shells by glue, i.e. the free spaces between them are filled with a compound or other adhesive;

- a hollow protrusion 11, made on a plastic bottom 5, having an inner diameter equal to or greater than the diameter of the fuse (shown in broken lines in the drawing), and placed in the high-pressure chamber of the sleeve 1;

- an additional charge 12 of a thermoset with an explosive and finely divided metal powder as a filler, placed in the cavities of the plastic bottom 5 and its hollow protrusion 11.

In this cartridge:

- charges 7 and 12 and the fuse 8 between themselves, with the bottom 5 and the shells 4 and 9 are connected by glue, which gives the necessary strength to the projectile 3 and eliminates the gaps between its components;

- the depth A of the bottom 5 is equal to or greater than the depth B of the thin-walled metal shell 9 (the length of the charge decrease 7 relative to the shell 4), which allows you to place the corresponding number of charges 7 and 12 on both sides of the fuse (shown by a dotted line). The indicated ratio of charges can be ensured by placing part of the charge 12 in the protrusion 11 having a depth B, and in this case, the depth of the cover 5 can be reduced by the same value B. The latter circumstance can reduce the influence of the mass of charges 7 and 12, which increased over due to the introduction of metallic finely divided powder into their composition, based on the mass of the projectile 3 as a whole;

- the introduction into the composition of charge 7 and 12 of metallic fuel in the form of finely dispersed powder of magnesium or aluminum is a well-known event that, on the one hand, increases the strength of charges, and on the other hand, increases their explosive and propelling effect by 15-20% due to the involvement of into the process of burning this oxygen powder from ambient air.

The work of the cartridge is as follows.

When fired from a grenade launcher, the powder gases from the combustion of the propellant charge 2 with their pressure separate the sleeve 1 and shell 3 and accelerate the latter along the length of the barrel of the weapon to a given muzzle velocity. In this case, the fuse 8 is cocked and the projectile 3 flies away in the direction of fire towards the target.

When meeting a target, fuse 8 is triggered and initiates a charge 7, which, on the one hand, through the shell 9 more rapidly than a conventional explosive, scatters the balls 10 in the lateral directions and in the direction of fire, and on the other, throws the fuse 8 back. However, the detonation front of charge 7 flows around fuse 8, initiates an additional charge 12 and, depending on the mass ratio of charges 7 and 12, immediately in front of the fuse (dotted line in the drawing) stops it or tells it the final speed in the direction of fire.

According to the authors and the applicant of the present invention, the high-explosive radius of such a cartridge will be at least 5 m, the continuous fragmentation field in the front hemisphere is at least 8 m, and the distance of safe firing will be equal to the high-explosive radius of the projectile due to its forward movement from the grenade launcher.

Claims (3)

1. A cartridge containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge case and comprising a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic shell, the bottom of which forms the head of the projectile and in which a charge from a thermoset with explosive is placed as a filler with a cavity in which there are no gaps installed fuse, the bottom of the shell made of plastic material in the form of a glass and elements of the interaction of the projectile with the grooves of the barrel of the grenade launcher, characterized in that the cavity is made in the rear end of the charge, and the fuse is completely sheathed in the cavity, the front of the charge to the level of the fuse is lowered relative to the shell of the shell, a thin-walled metal shell in the shape of a glass having a flanging edge to the shell of the shell is put on this shell, the bottom of the shell is made with an outer diameter equal to the outer diameter of the shell of the shell, a depth equal to or more depth of a thin-walled metal shell, and a decrease in the outer diameter at the open end, with which it is installed on the adhesive in the cavity of the shell of the shell, while between the shell of the shell and the metal the shell contains ready-made fragments in the form of steel balls bonded together, the shell of the shell and a thin-walled metal shell with glue, the cavity of the bottom of the shell to the fuse is filled with an additional charge from the thermoset with the explosive as a filler, an additional filler is introduced into both charges in the form of finely dispersed metal powder, and the elements of the interaction of the projectile with the grooves of the grenade launcher barrel are made at the bottom of the projectile in front of the sleeve in the form of an annular protrusion. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that both of its charges and the fuse are bonded to each other, with the bottom and shell of the shell glue. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sleeve is made of two-chamber, the high-pressure chamber of which is open towards the projectile, and at the bottom of the projectile a hollow protrusion is made, the inner diameter of which is equal to or greater than the diameter of the fuse, while the protrusion is filled with an additional charge and installed in the high-pressure chamber of the sleeve.