RU2294520C1 - Cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition for hand mortars.

SUBSTANCE: the cartridge has a cartridge case with a propellant charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge case and including a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic envelope, whose bottom forms the projectile head, and in which positioned in succession are a hollow rigid stop in the form of a cap, repeating the surface of the projectile body, a shaped charge resting with the facing on the stop end, a fuse and a plastic projectile bottom in the form of a cup. An axial hole is made in the stop bottom, its diameter exceeds the diameter of the cumulative jet produced by the shaped charge. A high-explosive charge in the form of a cup is positioned between the shaped charge and the projectile bottom, a fuse is fastened in the cavity of the high-explosive charge on the side of the shaped charge. The high-explosive charge is made of thermosetting plastic with an explosive and fine-dispersed metal powder used as a filler, and its quantity between the fuse and the projectile bottom in the trinitrotoluene equivalent equals or exceeds the quantity of the shaped-charge explosive before the fuse in the trinitrotoluene equivalent.

EFFECT: enhanced piercing effect of the shaped charge of its projectile and the high-explosive effect, reduced safe range of fire for the mortar gunner up to the radius of high-explosive injury and injury by fragments.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, namely to cartridges for hand grenade launchers, including shells with cumulative warheads, and can also be used in artillery shells, mines, etc.

These cartridges, due to the ease of use of hand grenade launchers, are widely used in the armies of almost all countries to destroy equipment, including lightly armored ones, and fire weapons and their combat crews located in shelters. They penetrate 40-60 mm of steel homogeneous armor and are able to penetrate the wall of almost any structure and construction of urban buildings and hit the enemy behind it. However, the police (police) and internal troops during antiterrorist operations and "sweeps" in populated areas are practically not used because of the high risk of destruction of personnel of the units and civilians by splinters flying back and in the lateral direction from the site of the projectile explosion.

In well-known cartridges, these fragments are presented as specially made and included in the design of the projectile, as well as random, generated during the explosion from the destruction of structural elements, for example, a case, a fuse, etc. Therefore, in practice, the former are usually referred to as fragmentation-shaped, and the latter - cumulative.

The well-known Austrian fragmentation-shaped cartridge DE / DP 92 [Jane's Ammunition Handbook Edited by Terry J Cander and Charles Q Cutshaw Ninth Edition 2000-2001, p. 566 - analogue], selected by the authors and applicant of the present invention with its analogue, punches 40 mm homogeneous armor and consists of a two-chamber sleeve with a propelling charge and a projectile containing a metal body in the form of a cup, the bottom of which forms the head of the projectile and on which a lead belt is mounted, a bottom fuse installed in the shell of the projectile and forming the bottom of the projectile, a cumulative charge, azmeschayuschiysya between the fuse and the hollow metal stop a cap with a bottom installed in the head portion of the projectile which repeats its shape and resting on the end face of the shaped charge liner, and fragmentation unit, consisting of 1000 pieces. steel balls with a diameter of 2 ... 2.3 mm, placed between the shell of the projectile, the bottom fuse and a thin metal shell, worn on a cumulative charge and having a hole in the bottom in front of the bottom fuse.

When the projectile of the cartridge of the analogue is fired at the target, a large number of fragments are created, flying off:

- in the direction of fire and formed due to the destruction of the head part of the shell of the shell and the metal stop - these fragments are mainly screened by the surface of the target and pose no practical danger to those located near the place of the explosion;

- in the lateral direction and formed as a result of accidental destruction of the wall of the shell of the shell and steel balls - these fragments represent a direct danger to those located close to the place of explosion of the shell;

- back and formed as a result of accidental destruction of the fuse and steel balls - these fragments pose a direct danger to the projectile located near the place of explosion, including a grenade launcher. The minimum relatively safe range for the grenade launcher is not less than 11 m with a fragmentation radius of ≈5 m, which is clearly not enough for the conditions of military operations in settlements and especially directly in buildings and structures.

Other disadvantages of this cartridge include:

- the presence of metal bottoms of the shell of the shell and emphasis on the path of movement of the cumulative jet, which reduces its armor penetration;

- reducing the diameter of the cumulative charge due to the placement of steel balls and a thin-walled shell around it, which also leads to a decrease in armor penetration.

In a later modification of the analog cartridge, designated HE / HL 93, the negativity of the fragmentation effect was significantly reduced due to the installation of an inert sleeve instead of balls and a thin-walled shell, which, when exploded, collapses practically into dust and does not create damaging fragments.

In the well-known Russian cartridge [RU, patent No. 2066438, 6 F 42 B 12/10, 10.09.96], selected by the authors and applicant of the present proposed invention by its prototype, the main disadvantages of the projectile have been largely eliminated.

This cartridge consists of a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge case and comprising a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic shell, the bottom of which forms the head of the projectile and in which a hollow rigid stop is arranged in the form of a cap that repeats the surface of the projectile body, a cumulative charge supported by facing on an end face of an emphasis, a fuse and a plastic bottom of a shell in the form of a glass.

From the description of the prototype shows that in it:

- the diameter of the cumulative charge in comparison with the analogue is increased almost to the size of the caliber, however, this does not lead to a significant increase in armor penetration due to a decrease in the detonation velocity of the explosive due to the introduction of a thermoset into its composition;

- on the path of the cumulative jet there is no metal bottom of the shell;

- the plastic bottom and shell of the shell are destroyed by explosion in dust and do not create damaging fragments;

- the only source of random fragments flying off towards the grenade launcher is the bottom fuse, but this does not reduce the minimum firing range safe for the grenade launcher as a prototype cartridge in comparison with an analog cartridge (11 m). Therefore, the use of well-known cartridges in the settlements for firing through streets and alleys, as well as inside buildings and structures, cannot be safe for the grenade launcher and the personnel of the units and civilians next to it.

The technical task of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of known cartridges with cumulative (fragmentation-cumulative) shells, namely increasing armor penetration while reducing the range of safe fire by eliminating the possibility of fragmentation.

The solution of the technical problem lies in the fact that in a cartridge containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge case and comprising a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic shell, the bottom of which forms the head of the projectile and in which a hollow rigid stop in the form of a cap is sequentially placed, repeating the surface of the shell of the projectile, the cumulative charge resting on the end face of the stop, fuse and plastic bottom of the shell in the form of a glass, is new that:

- in the bottom of the metal stop an axial hole is made, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the cumulative jet created by the cumulative charge;

- between the cumulative charge and the bottom of the projectile is a high-explosive charge in the form of a glass, in the cavity of which a fuse is fixed on the side of the cumulative charge;

- high explosive charge made of thermoset with explosive and finely divided metal powder as a filler;

- the amount of high explosive charge between the fuse and the bottom of the projectile in TNT equivalent to or more than the amount of explosive cumulative charge in front of the fuse also in TNT equivalent.

In the particular case of the use of a two-chamber sleeve with a high-pressure chamber open towards the projectile, an annular hollow protrusion is made at the bottom of the latter, the inner diameter of which is equal to or greater than the diameter of the fuse, while the protrusion is filled with an additional charge made of the same material as the high explosive charge, and installed in the high-pressure chamber of the liner.

In a particular case, the cumulative charge can be enclosed in a thin-walled metal shell, in the bottom of which a hole is made in front of the fuse and the edge of which is rolled onto the charge lining.

In the particular case, all elements of the projectile with each other and with the shell of the projectile, as well as the projectile with a sleeve fastened with glue.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a cartridge in longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 is a fragment of a variant of a cartridge with a two-chamber sleeve, the high-pressure chamber of which is open towards the projectile, and the projectile has a hollow protrusion at the bottom, placed in this chamber and filled with additional explosive charge, also in section.

In FIG. 1 and 2 are shown:

- sleeve 1 made of metal or plastic;

- propelling charge 2 (figure 1), placed in the cavity of the sleeve 1 (figure 1) or in the cavity of the high-pressure chamber, if the sleeve is two-chamber (figure 2);

- a plastic bottom of 3 shell-shaped shells;

- shell 4 of the shell in the form of a plastic thin-walled shell, the bottom of which forms the head of the shell and which is connected with glue to the bottom 3 of the shell with the formation of a cavity in which all other elements of the shell are placed;

- high-explosive charge 5, made in the form of a glass from a thermoset with an explosive and finely divided metal powder as a filler, a fuse 6 is installed in its cavity;

- a cumulative charge, including a charge of a pure explosive 7, a cladding 8 made of copper and a thin-walled metal shell 9, having a hole 10 in the bottom against the fuse 6 and combining the cumulative charge as a whole due to the rolling of its edge onto the cladding 8;

- metal stop 11 in the form of a cap that repeats the shape of the shell 4 of the projectile having an axial hole 12, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the cumulative jet created by the cumulative charge.

In this cartridge, the amount of 13 high explosive charge 5 between bottom 3 and fuse 6 (limited by the dashed line) in TNT is equal to or greater than the amount of 14 cumulative charge explosives in front of the fuse also in TNT equivalent (limited by the dashed line).

In the embodiment of the cartridge with a two-chamber sleeve (Fig. 2), the indicated ratio of charges on both sides of the fuse 6 is observed, but thanks to the hollow protrusion 15 filled with an additional high-explosive charge, the total mass of the high-explosive charge can either be increased by the mass of the explosive placed in the protrusion, or reduced.

The work of the cartridge is as follows:

- when fired from a grenade launcher, a propellant charge 2 is ignited and with its pressure accelerates the projectile along the length of the grenade launcher barrel to a predetermined muzzle velocity, while fuse 6 is cocked under the influence of overload and the projectile flies toward the target along a ballistic trajectory. The use of a two-chamber sleeve and the implementation of the projection 15 on the bottom 3 of the projection 15, placed in the high-pressure chamber 2 of the sleeve 1 (see figure 2), in this case allows more compactly place the propellant charge 2, simultaneously ignite all its elements and almost completely burn them to the output of the protrusion 15 from the chamber of the sleeve 1, which ensures a stable muzzle velocity of the projectile and its low sensitivity to temperature;

- when the projectile encounters the target surface, it is sharply braked due to the metal stop 11, which causes the fuse 6 to fire and initiate a cumulative charge of the explosive 7, the detonation products of which on the one hand fold the lining 8 into a cumulative stream and direct it through the hole 12 to the target surface and, on the other hand, they destroy the thin-walled shell 9 of the cumulative charge into dust and initiate a high-explosive charge 5. The detonation front of the high-explosive charge 5, passing along the fuse 6, compresses it in a radial direction, turning it into a single fragment, and then acts on its rear bottom and extinguishes or even gives it the energy of motion opposite to that received from the explosion of part 14 of the explosive 7 of the cumulative charge. At the same time, thin-walled plastic bottom 3 and shell 4 of the shell are destroyed in dust and this does not create fragmentation damage.

The proposed cartridge design, according to the authors and the applicant, has the following advantages compared to other known cartridges:

- increased breakdown ability due to the increase in the diameter of the cumulative charge, the use of pure explosive in it with a high detonation speed, the absence of a barrier in the form of a metal bottom stop on the path of the cumulative jet. Moreover, the use of a thin-walled metal shell in a cumulative charge is advisable when the strength of its explosive is insufficient to withstand the inertial loads during firing without breaking, in other cases, it can provide only convenience during assembly work, but with a slight loss of the penetrative ability of the cumulative charge;

- the absence of fragmentation from the bottom and shell of the projectile due to the implementation of a solid bearing high explosive charge from the thermoset with explosive as a filler. Reactoplast slightly reduces the detonation velocity of the explosive, but allows the bottom and shell of the shell to be made thin-walled and made of plastic, as they do not carry the load when fired;

- the absence of fragmentation damage from the fuse due to the placement of part of a high explosive charge between it and the bottom of the shell, which in TNT equivalent is sufficient to repay the fuse’s movement energy obtained from the explosion of the part of the explosive of the cumulative charge in front of the fuse;

- increased high-explosive effect due to the introduction of an additional filler into the high-explosive charge in the form of a finely divided metal powder. This increase is achieved due to the involvement in the process of intensive combustion of particles of a metal powder of oxygen in the air and allows you to increase the pressure pulse during the explosion by 20-30% in TNT equivalent. In addition, metal powder acts as a reinforcement and increases the mechanical strength of a high explosive charge.

According to the authors and the applicant of the present proposed invention, the cartridge can be used with a high degree of safety, including by police and internal troops, when they conduct anti-terrorist operations and "sweeps" within the boundaries of settlements.

Claims (3)

1. A cartridge containing a cartridge case with a propelling charge and a projectile fastened to the cartridge case and comprising a body in the form of a thin-walled plastic shell, the bottom of which forms the head of the projectile and in which a hollow rigid stop is arranged in the form of a cap that repeats the surface of the projectile body, cumulative charge, leaning on the end face of the stop, the fuse and the plastic bottom of the shell in the form of a glass, characterized in that an axial hole is made in the bottom of the stop, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the cumulative jet, we create with a cumulative charge, between the cumulative charge and the bottom of the projectile, made of plastic, there is a high-explosive charge in the form of a glass, in the cavity of which a fuse is fixed on the side of the cumulative charge, while the high-explosive charge is made of thermoset with explosive and finely divided metal powder as a filler, and its amount between the fuse and the bottom of the shell in TNT equivalent is equal to or more than the amount of explosive cumulative charge in front of the fuse in TNT equivalent. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve is made of two-chamber, the high-pressure chamber of which is open towards the projectile, and at the bottom of the projectile a hollow protrusion is made, the inner diameter of which is equal to or greater than the diameter of the fuse, while the protrusion is filled with an additional charge made from the same material as the high-explosive charge, and is installed in the high-pressure chamber of the liner. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cumulative charge is enclosed in a thin-walled metal shell, in the bottom of which a hole is made in front of the fuse and the edge of which is rolled onto the lining of the cumulative charge.

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