ES2379546T3 - Projectile or combat head - Google Patents

Abstract

A hybrid polyvalent projectile or warhead with an active means such as a fragmentation, disk, ring, hollow-charge or P-charge head in conjunction with a module comprising an active laterally effective penetrator includes a pyrotechnic unit serving at the same time for the active laterally effective penetrator and the active means as a producing/accelerating element. The terminal-ballistic efficiency of ALP projectiles, which is reduced at low impact velocities, is ensured by an additional device which as a pyrotechnic unit produces an axial action or accelerates fragments in the desired direction. The explosive of an HC-portion with a triggering device which can be of any design configuration at the same time provides the pressure for the adjoining ALP-module.

Description

Projectile or combat head

Background of the invention

one.

 Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a multipurpose projectile, a combat head or a missile with an ALP module (Active Lateral Penetrator = active penetrator with side effect). The total effect in terms of final ballistics, composed of penetration depth and surface coverage, is achieved by active elements in terms of final ballistics such as EC penetrators (kinetic energy), hollow charges or projectile-forming charges and through the various fragments ( ALP fragments and / or fragmentation head), disk, ring or FP fragments (projectile formers) or hollow charge in conjunction with expansive effects.

2.

 Current state of the art

In the case of active carriers in terms of final ballistics that form fragments or project fragments, it is usually differentiated between explosive projectiles with an ignition device, the so-called multipurpose projectiles or hybrid projectiles [explosive or fragmentation effect combined with CH effect (hollow charge )], combat heads (most often with CH and / or fragmentation or explosive action) or missiles and, more recently, active carriers according to the principle of penetrators with increased lateral effect (PELE) and the principle of active penetrators with side effect (ALP). The PELE principle is, for example, described in DE 197 00 349 C1, while the ALP principle is explained in detail in EP-A-1 316 774. In accordance with the ALP principle, the triggering of effects Side assets is implemented by means of a device that can be fired at the optimal position of the active body.

In addition, US 4,524,696 A discloses a projectile on which the preamble of claim 1 is based. In this case, it is a conventional explosive projectile with a mono or multi-layered ball charge that is accelerated by means of the Detonation of the explosive shirt blaster. On the nose of this pure fragmentation projectile is a fuze with an additional load of fragments that is intended to improve the distribution of fragments in the area near the axis.

YES NTESIS OF THE INVENTION

0004] The present invention aims to make available an improved projectile or an improved combat head which or which uses an active body according to the ALP principle in a particularly effective manner.

Said objective is achieved by means of a projectile or a combat head with the characteristics of claim 1. Advantageous configurations and improvements of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

The polyvalent hybrid projectile or multipurpose hybrid combat head according to the invention has a projectile part of active media projecting an active medium (first projectile part), the active means being positioned preferably in the nose or in the area close to the nose of the projectile or the combat head; an ALP projectile part (second projectile part) preferably arranged behind the active media projectile part with an active envelope in terms of final ballistics and an inert pressure transmitting means provided within the envelope; and a pyrotechnic device disposed between the active media projectile part and the ALP projectile part, both for the firing of the active media in the active media projectile part and for the generation of a pressure field by means of the inert medium of pressure transmission of the ALP projectile part. For this purpose, multiple first projectile parts are arranged, one behind the other or laterally.

By means of the present invention, a particularly simple connection is produced between the ALP principle and projectiles with projectile heads or segments projecting fragments or active carriers, while the detonating or pyrotechnic device serves, at the same time, the two active carriers as pressure generating element or accelerator. In combination with the options described in relation to ALP to structure multiple or multifunctional projectiles, this results in a bandwidth of the so-called multipurpose projectiles (MP projectiles) that, so far, has not been achieved by any system and, in its versatility of Total combinations and width of action should no longer be exceeded.

In the case of active bodies according to the ALP principle, an inherent speed is no longer a prerequisite for disintegration, however, through a low impact or interaction speed (for example, with very large combat distances or flying threats, basically at low speed) the effect is restricted in terms of final ballistics. Said use vacuum is occupied according to the present invention by means of an additional device that, for example, generates the required effect as a pyrotechnic unit (load P, hollow load). In addition, it is also possible to accelerate discoidal bodies (in the form of a plate or ring) or corresponding fragment shapes in the desired directions (in particular axially). Because such mechanism of action is not yet known in projectiles, it is referred to herein as "discoid or annular charge." As a general rule, the resulting pressure fields are used to initiate other effects (ALP). However, it is also possible, basically, to operate the modules that project fragments or other active means, autonomously, in a structure of one or more stages.

The principle of a multi-stage projectile or of a combined action (hybrid projectile) has already been carried out in a plurality of solutions, the most well-known representatives being the tandem hollow loading projectiles and the tandem projectile forming combat heads. But, it should be noted here already that additional active components of this type can be particularly effective combined with a penetrator according to the present invention. In this regard, a particular advantage of the solutions presented is that, for example, in this case, not only must be used not only comparable detection and firing devices as in known projectiles and combat heads, but also that, by virtue of the novel active principles or combination of actions, it is possible to arrive at solutions of lower level of technical requirements on devices of this type. In addition, in the present case an incomparably greater versatility results in terms of combining different effects. This aspect will be discussed in greater detail in conjunction with examples of multi-purpose projectile realization in relation to the present invention.

In a gravitational extension of the ALP field of application, the invention relates to an active penetrator, an active projectile, an active missile or an active multipurpose side effect projectile (MP projectile, hybrid projectile) in combination with axial and radial fragmentation modules or separate active carriers with explosive accelerating component. The total effect in terms of final ballistics consisting of fragmentation effect, disc effect, penetration depth and surface coverage and axial and radial surface loading is initiated by means of a device that can be fired at the optimum position of the active body for the initiation of effectiveness (or the effects of action). In this way, the range of the blaster penetrators operated is extended, mainly, on a pyrotechnic basis (for example, by the combination of fragmentation head or ALP part with or without explosive fragmentation module) to partially inert projectiles (for example, PELE module and integrated EC active part or separate EC module) with a pure fragmentation head in the involvement of specific targets.

By means of the present invention, the operating spectrum of the penetrators shown in documents DE 197 00 349 C1 (PELE) and EP-A-1 316 774 (ALP) is linked to that of explosive, fragmentation or disk projectiles (multipurpose projectiles, projectiles in tandem) and also combines additionally with functions of fragmentation heads. In this way, the properties of the most varied concepts of ammunition are combined into a single active carrier with a versatility of combinations and efficiency hitherto unknown. This not only results in a decisive improvement of multipurpose projectiles known so far, but also in an almost unlimited expansion of the spectrum of imaginable use in all terrestrial targets from unarmored targets to heavier armor targets. In addition, active carriers specially designed with a power in terms of final ballistics hitherto not reached are suitable for fighting aerial and naval targets and also for defense against missiles. In corresponding combinations, for example, together with advanced active carriers in axial direction, such as FP loads or hollow loads, as well as discoid or annular loads, projectiles of this type are also optimally suited to combat reactive targets and also configurations of active shields (remote assets). In this sense, the disc-projecting heads can be particularly interesting in virtue of their involvement of large-area targets in combination with large penetration powers of such bodies, known from mine plates (flat load or EFP mine load).

As already mentioned in document EP-A-1 316 774, it can be differentiated, as regards the technical implementation for the initiation of the action, between a simple contact initiation, which is already used in projectiles of the most various embodiments and, consequently, a delayed initiation (also known), a proximity initiation (for example, by radar or IR technology) and a preset initiation in the flight path, for example, by means of a timer (chronocontrolled ammunition). In combination with ALP, the determining concept of the invention depends to a greater extent on the type of projectile or missile, for example stabilization, caliber and the nature of launch or acceleration (e.g., cannon accelerated, rocket accelerated) or if it is designed as a projectile or combat head or integrated into it. In particular, the arrangement according to the invention does not require any inherent speed for firing and securing, including its axial effectiveness at low impact speeds.

Other features, details and preferences of the present invention are manifested in the claims in relation to the description and by the different figures and corresponding explanations. In this case, they show:

Figure 1A, a projectile with rotation stabilization with a combination of fragmentation head and ALP module according to the invention;

Figure 1B, an aerodynamically stabilized projectile with a combination of fragmentation head and ALP module according to the invention;

Figure 1C, a three-part aerodynamically stabilized projectile with a combination of CH head and ALP module and EC module according to the invention; Figure 2, a nose with integrated active carrier (see EP-A-1 316 774);

Figures 3A and 3B, examples of noses with fragmentation action (see EP-A-1 316 774); Figure 4, an ALP fragmentation head projectile with, in this case, four loads of active fragments sideways;

Figure 5, an ALP fragmentation projectile with, in this case, six surface opener loads;

Figure 6, an ALP nose module with, in this case, four active loads obliquely forward or outward (by example, P loads, disk loads or fragment loads); Figure 7, an ALP fragmentation head projectile, made as a fragment head with three cones

fragmentation;

Figure 8, an ALP fragmentation head projectile, made as a convex fragmentation head of

different loading thickness;

Figure 9, an ALP fragmentation head projectile with integrated CH or FP module

Figure 10, insert shapes for CH or FP loads or disc loads;

Figure 11, a diagram to explain how the tube mouth outlet speed of the mass to accelerate depends

for the 120 mm caliber; Figure 12, an ALP projectile with fragmentation head; Figure 13, an ALP projectile with fragmentation head and inner core; Figure 14, a modular projectile (projectile head) with a core in the nose area, fragmentation part,

ALP module and EC module; Figure 15, a projectile (or projectile head) with multistage fragmentation part; Figure 16, an example of directionally controlled acceleration of fragments or disks; Figure 17, a modular projectile with fragmentation head, core and PELE module; Figure 18, a projectile with fragmentation head, PELE module and core; Figure 19, a projectile head with fragmentation module; Figure 20, a directionally controlled fragmentation load with lateral plugging; Figure 21, a directionally controlled fragmentation load with a lower inert body; Figure 22A, a fragmentation charge with an upper inert body and annular fuze; Figure 22B, a fragmentation charge with an upper outer inert body; Figure 23, a fragmentation charge with detonation waveguide; Figure 24, a directionally controlled fragmentation charge with an inert body and initiation charge

multiple; Figure 25, a fragmentation load with cameras for detonation waveguide; Figure 26, a modular projectile (or combat head) with fragment container pocket and ALP module; Figure 27, a projectile with FP load head and core with disintegration load; Figure 28, a combat head CH with jet concentration; Figure 29, a radially segmented penetrator with central disintegration device; Figure 30, a projectile with fragmentation head and a central penetrator of high degree of thinness with

shock absorption; Figure 31, a modular projectile with fragmentation head and two-part core;

Figure 32, a modular projectile with fragmentation head and multi-part core;

Figure 33, a modular projectile with segmented central penetrator;

Figure 34, a modular projectile with fragmentation head or fragmentation rings and a long central penetrator;

Figure 35, a modular projectile with solid nose, fragmentation rings and central core and ALP module;

Figure 36, a modular projectile with a long central penetrator, conical fragmentation discs and ALP module;

Figure 37, a cross section with a central hexagonal penetrator, flat fragmentation elements and outer shell; Y

Figure 38, a modular projectile without a nose or outer ballistic cover with fragmentation rings, a long central penetrator and ALP module.

Figures 1A to 1C show examples according to the invention. In this case they are penetrators with active parts with side effect in combination with a fragmentation head, P load, disk or HL.

A shorter version (for example, with rotation stabilization) of a projectile 1 with a local fragment accelerator element 7A and, at the same time, a pressure generator in the subsequent module for fragment distribution 11 is illustrated , and Figure 1B shows a longer construction 2 (for example, aerodynamically stabilized) with a fragment accelerator element 7B for loading fragments 12 and another central pressure generating element (detonation fuse) 9.

Figure 1 C shows a three-part version 3, also aerodynamically stabilized, with CH13 head, delivering the explosive of part HL, at the same time, the pressure for the next ALP module. The envelope jacket 4 of the effective ALP module in terms of final ballistics which, by virtue of its material properties, its mass and its velocity, envelops the pressure transmitting means 6 of the ALP module forms the fragment-forming radial central unit. It includes an EC module. Said means 6 transmits on the enclosure 4 the pressure generated by means of a controllable pyrotechnic device 7A, 7B, 7C and thereby generates a disintegration into fragments or subprojectiles with a lateral movement component. Here, all examples are provided with an outer ballistic cover 5.

The initiating device 8 may be composed of a simple contact sensor, a timer, a programmable module, a receiving part or a safety component. The device 8 can be connected to the local concentrated pressure generating unit 7A, 7B, 7C, by means of a cylinder-like pyrotechnic module 9 (similar to a detonation fuse) (see Figures 1B and 1C) or by a conductor 10 which, in the same way, may have pyrotechnic properties (see Figure 1A).

Basically, the nose represents an essential parameter for the capacity of a projectile. In EP-A-1 316 774 it has already been pointed out (see figure 15 there) that the nose can be shaped as a fragmentation module. This point is discussed in more detail in document DE 197 00 349 C1. There they are mentioned as positive examples: a nose in the form of a structural space, a nose removable by explosion and a nose shaped as a penetrator connected in front. The nose can be partly hollow or full. It is also conceivable to integrate additional elements of the effect into the nose. Figures 2 and 3A, 3B show examples: Figure 2 (Figure 43B in EP-A-1 316 774) shows an active nose module 14 composed of a fragmentation jacket 15 in combination with a pyrotechnic element 17 and a pressure transmission medium

16. It may be absolutely appropriate to melt the nose wrap 18 with the fragmentation jacket. An even simpler construction results in an omission of the pressure transmission means 16. In an activation, the fragments form in the direction of the drawn arrows a collar that not only implements a corresponding side effect, but also a better behavior of impact on targets of more inclined plates.

Figure 3A (Figure 43C in EP-A-1 316 774) shows, connected in front of the ALP module 23, a nose 19 with a pyrotechnic element 17 in a bushing 20.

Figure 3B (Figure 43D in EP-A-1 316 774) shows, mounted in front of the ALP module 24, another nose design, for example a nose element 21 in which the pyrotechnic module 17 is located therein. mode, in a socket and penetrates, at the same time, in the nose full of a medium 22.

The active components incorporated in the front part of the projectile or, directly, in the area of the nose can (for example in conjunction with EC modules) act separately or be triggered or controlled independently. Preferably, for the purpose of optimal total operation, they are directly combined with technical embodiments in the range of the present invention. In this case, it is also possible to integrate components that provide a high axial capacity at a corresponding propagation (overtaking) rate, such as hollow loads, flat cone loads and also explosive accelerated projectiles with disc or plate form (see figures 6, 10, 28, 35 to 38). Structures of this type are of particular interest when, for example, on the target, before the impact of the projectile, systems such as active and reactive components must be fired on the target side. In addition, systems of this type are suitable, in particular, to combat deeper target structures, constructions, walls and fortification walls, thanks to the fact that the advanced active component produces the predestruction of the structure. In this way, the penetrator modules that follow it are not consumed prematurely or can penetrate or drill without being broken and, thus, implement particularly effective yields. Projectiles of this type are capable of combating, in an excellent way, for example, in combination with the ALP principle, threats that are approached flying non-combatible through direct impacts, such as combat heads or combat or reconnaissance drones. Practically, conventional fragmentation shells are also ineffective due to the situation of encounters with drones and their very limited fragmentation distribution. In this case, the mode of action of the present invention in combination with a corresponding firing unit promises a high degree of efficiency that until now could not be achieved.

Regarding the distances to the target that are of interest, it is possible to differentiate between the immediate near zone (less than 1 m), the near zone (1 m to 3 m), the relatively close zone (3 m to 10 m), the distance zone average (10 m to 30 m) and the area relatively far from the target (more than 30 m). In the case of FP loads and also in the case of correspondingly shaped disc loads, the area at more than 30 m can still be interesting, because there are already loads that act at a distance of much more than 100 gauges. In this regard, it is evident that with projectile structures according to the invention, virtually any range is available to achieve the desired effects according to the known or expected target scenario, in a bandwidth that has not yet been achieved. It could be reached.

Figures 4 to 10 show a series of explanatory examples and technical configurations, of course, other fundamental arrangements are possible. In this case, the arrows that symbolize the result of the direction of propagation of the active media or fragments indicate, in terms of their length and thickness, the mass and velocity of the active component.

In Figure 4, a cross-sectional drawing shows a module 25 with an ALP nose with four loads of fragments 26 acting, mainly, laterally. These are accelerated by means of a central explosive body 27. This results in four fragmentation fields with preferred propagation directions 30A to 30D. The fields may vary by virtue of the conformation of the body 27 and the surface configuration 29 of the fragmentation body 26, that is, the fields may, for example, have a greater dispersion effect or a more concentrated orientation. The axial component of the fragmentation rate can also be increased by narrowing the body 27 towards the nose. Other simple modification possibilities are the shape, mass and material of the fragments 26 or of the accelerated active surfaces. The fragmentation fields 26 can also occupy the entire space 28 up to the housing 31. It is also possible to manufacture the fragmentation bodies 26 of a compacted material or a block of material that is accelerated as a disk (plate) or disintegrates with the detonation. They are also possible filled multilayers or also combined.

Figure 5 shows, again in cross-section, as another example of the configuration of a projectile nose or combat head, a module 32 composed of six planiform distributions of fragments, acting laterally that are formed by a central pyrotechnic module 34 together with appropriate metal inserts 35 of copper, tantalum, tungsten or other materials, if possible heavy and ductile, and form fragmentation areas in six directions 36A to 36G. Of course, the number of charges is freely selectable and conforms, first, to the dimensions of such a module 32. With an appropriate configuration, the housing wall 33 can also project fragments.

In Figure 6, two additional variants of a nose configuration according to the invention are shown as longitudinal and cross-section. Thus, it shows at the top an ALP nose module 37 with four loads acting obliquely forward or outward (resulting from speed 38), for example FP charges 39 formed from the central explosive element 40 and the metal insert 41). Fragmentation charges (fragment pockets 43) are also conceivable facing forward or outward (resulting in speed 42). This technical variant 44 is shown in the lower part of Figure 6.

Figure 7 shows two additional examples for an ALP 45 nose module with a fragmentation head acting, mainly axially, in this case in the upper half of the figure, formed of three fragmentation cones 47 (direction of propagation 53) behind an outer ballistic cover 48. According to the invention, the acceleration charge 49 for fragmentation cones 47 is, at the same time, an element to which, for example, another additional explosive cylinder or a wick is connected. detonation for the active disintegration of the shell of the projectile 50 by means of the pressure transmission means 51 which, in this case, is solid, preferably (for example, metallic). Of course, the load 49 can also be separated from subsequent loads, for example from the load 9 (see the lower half of the figure). The distribution of fragments can also be influenced by the nature of the outer tamponade.

There is a relatively large degree of design freedom in the type of fragment loading and in the specified fragmentation direction 53. In this way different manufactured components can be used in terms of material and shape. Similarly, a mixture of heavy (large) and light (small) fragments can also be advantageous. Likewise, the ring that surrounds the acceleration component 49 can be made as a fragmentation load 54 (propagation direction 55) in the lower part of the figure. It may be appropriate to provide a separation 52 between the fragmentation head and the rest of the penetrator.

Figure 8 shows two additional examples of an ALP nose module 56 (top) and 57 (bottom) with a fragmentation head. It is covered, again, by means of an external ballistic cover 58. This may be configured hollow (above) or contain fragments or other additional active elements 59 (below). The direction of propagation 61 of the fragments of the fragmentation body 60 can be specified by means of an appropriate conformation of the surface 64 of the acceleration unit 62. Behind the unit 62 a plugging means 63 can be found and at the same time , a pressure transmitter in which additional fragments of any form may also be embedded in any way, distributed regularly or irregularly.

As already mentioned, a device according to the present invention can be combined in a manner that has not been achieved so far in conjunction with other additional active carriers. In this case, an appropriately projected ALP can already be an efficient multipurpose projectile (MP projectile). MP shells (in this case it is mainly large-caliber ammunition in the range of 60 mm to more than 155 mm) have, first of all, the purpose of combating those targets for which the use of projectiles designed for High penetration power is not sensible or barely sufficient. This also applies to point targets of weak armor, for example rigid-wing aircraft and helicopters and for unarmored or rather weak armor ground targets of a relatively large extent in terms of lighter surface or targets at combat distances greater. These functions are implemented, generally by means of fragment projection devices, often in combination with a hollow load module or P.

A fundamental advantage of provisions of the type illustrated is the fact that, practically, the entire mass of fragments or subprojectiles is projected by structurally specific velocity components, mainly in the direction of the target to be fought. This is, in particular, of interest from the point of view that, for example, in the case of conventional multipurpose projectiles, a large proportion of the fragments are expelled back and, therefore, becomes ineffective. However, it should be noted that arrangements are already known in which the fragments are arranged in the head area of explosive projectiles, including geometric configuration or charge fragments. An advantage of the present invention is that all the embodiments known so far can be integrated and linked to the specific components according to the invention.

Figure 9 shows two examples of an ALP 65 nose module with an axially active component of high penetration capacity (direction of action 66) with, at the same time, side components. A hollow charge module with an explosive part 67 and a pointed cone-shaped insert 68 (horn, degressive or progressive) is shown here. Around the explosive charge 67 (lower half of the figure) a fragmentation ring 54 can also be found as a plug. The pressure transmitting means 70 must be selected so that it has a dynamic plugging or supporting effect for the hollow charge. In this case, however, a plastic may already be sufficient in terms of strength and density. Of course, this is also valid for the other examples shown so far and the examples still to be shown.

Various configuration options of the insert 68 are shown in Figure 10. They reach from pure CH68 inserts for the formation of hollow-loading jets of peak speeds of more than 8000 m / s (narrow speed arrow 66) by means of inserts 71 of flat cone or spherical projectile-forming that can produce an FP 73 load that still precedes 2000 m / s at 3000 m / s the projectile that approaches or hits the target (relatively short thick arrow 69). In addition, the axially accelerated active part can also be composed of a cover 74 in the form of a plate, disk or ring and can reach speeds between a few 100 m / s and 2000 m / s. It should be noted that the named speeds must be added to the velocity of the respective projectile or combat head. In this way, disk designs of this type can achieve penetration capabilities comparable to those of loading mines P. Disk heads of this type can also be constructed of two or more discs that can be composed of different materials, also , different thicknesses. For the purpose of better dynamic separation, it may also be appropriate to insert a pyrotechnic medium or pressure transmitter between the different discs.

It should be noted that arrangements are already known in which there is a CH component (hollow preload) arranged in front of a main load of an HL projectile, in particular for firing reactive targets (tandem loads). However, on the other hand, it is a special advantage of the present invention that all hollow preloads known so far can be integrated and linked to the specific components according to the invention. Contrary to hollow tandem loads, the preload positioned in the jet path of the main load does not have an efficiency reducing effect, but rather benefits the full effectiveness of a projectile according to the invention. These considerations are also valid for FP loads positioned forward.

Until now, the combination of elements in the form of a plate, disk or ring accelerated pyrotechnically in combination with a projectile approaching the target or a projectile hitting a target is unknown. By virtue of their large diameter of action in conjunction with their advancement, components of this type are suitable, in particular, to efficiently combat reactive targets.

Regardless of the concepts of individual ammunition, tube efficiency is the crucial parameter in cannon fired ammunition. In Fig. 11, the tube mouth outlet speed attainable for the 120 mm caliber with the specified masses to be accelerated (total mass or tube mass) is indicated by a continuous line. Accordingly, at a median tube outlet speed of between 1100 m / s and 1300 m / s, masses between 16 kg and 22 kg should be accelerated. If a subcaliber ratio of 2: 1 (corresponding to a missile diameter of 60 mm) and a 4: 3 ratio (corresponding to a missile diameter of 90 mm, the highest subcaliber ratio from the point of view is given ballistic exterior), a mass of sabot of 3 kg or 4 kg results in penetration masses between 13 kg and 18 kg. Because, in terms of characteristic data in terms of external ballistics, these projectiles are equivalent, approximately, to corresponding arrow projectiles (double flight diameter with four times the mass) calculated with an average speed loss of approximately 50 m / to 1000 m. In this way, the impact velocities at combat distances of 4000 m are consequently between 900 m / s and 1000 m / s.

With the values specified above, considerable external ballistic effectiveness of a projectile according to the present invention, either an EC or PELE projectile or as an ALP projectile, can still be expected. Then, an assumed average mass for the 16 kg penetrator could be divided, for example, at a pipe outlet speed of 1200 m / s as follows: mass of the fragment or subprojectile jacket 8kg, mass of a central penetrator (central or axial element) 3 kg, mass of the pressure generating elements 0.2 kg, mass of the pressure transmitting means or active parts or additional 2 kg, mass of the fragment projecting nose or load nose CH or P, guide mechanisms or other elements 2.8 kg.

The efficiency field is also registered in Figure 11 when taking into account the increases in indoor ballistic efficiency already outlined according to publications (for example, by propellant gunpowder charge [for example, by DNDA (dinitrodiaza)]. , it is possible to assume an increase in the pipe mouth outlet speed of approximately 100 m / s to 120 m / s (see the functional dashed line curve) The resulting displacement of the design sector is shown, both in in terms of the direction of a desired speed increase (direction A) as in terms of a higher firing mass or penetrator mass (direction B), so that the projectile previously estimated (mass 16 kg) can be fired at approximately , 1300 m / s. Or a projectile mass (tube mass) of 22 kg to 23 kg (average penetrator mass 20 kg) can be accelerated to about 1200 m / s. Because the masses previously assumed for sabot, nose and tail and for additional devices, it remains, practically, unchanged, it is possible, in this case, to assume a mass for the projectile or fragmentation jacket of 10 kg with a mass for the central penetrator of, again, approximately 4 kg. Then, the head of the projectile would have a mass of approximately 3.5 kg available. Consequently, this would involve projectile noses or combat heads quite considerable. Under these circumstances, with a wrapping mass, consequently possible, of 14 kg it would also be possible to dispense with a central penetrator. Basically, in flying objects, the penetration capabilities of fragments from the nose or, rather, from the sector near the nose of the projectile are enough to be used to combat targets of greater armor.

In this way, a projectile corresponding to the configuration implemented in relation to Figure 11 is also capable of penetrating heavier armor. In conjunction with the side effects corresponding to the present invention, projectiles or combat heads of this type become ideal multipurpose projectiles. They are, for the first time, able to combat almost the entire spectrum of targets through a single active carrier. In projectiles or combat heads of this type, an additional increase in effectiveness can be achieved by virtue of their technical advantages rather than in the case of conventional or known projectiles, for example by projectile control or, at least, by guidance of final phase.

In the estimation of the capacity in terms of final ballistics it should be noted that penetrators of this type, by virtue of their very large diameter and, in particular, of their dynamic increase when penetrating targets, in particular reactive compartmentalized targets or shielding, can reach penetration capabilities comparable to those of high efficiency penetrators or even exceed them. Together with structural measures (see the observations referring to figures 9 and 10) and, in particular, by incorporating subpenetrators (of hard metals and heavy metals) such as those shown, for example, in figures 13, 14, 17 , 18, 27 and 30 to 38, in a whole series of targets penetration capacities can be achieved still considerably greater.

In the case of a corresponding estimate with respect to another caliber, an increase or decrease in the form of a stork's beak or, for example, of a constant maintained length can be taken as a basis. In the first case, the masses vary, approximately, with the third power of the dimensions, in the last case with the square of the change in diameter. In the case of an assumed pitch of 120 mm to, for example, 155 mm, with a stork-shaped transmission the factor is 2.16, while with a projectile length kept constant the factor is 1.67.

Other examples for projectiles or combat heads according to the present invention are shown in Figures 12 to 18 and 26 to 38.

Thus, in figure 2 an ALP with fragmentation head is shown as a rotation stabilized version. The ALP model has a shirt with an inner cone 76.

Figure 3 shows a projectile according to Figure 12, but also with an additional inner core 78. It can be heavy metal, hard metal or mild steel. The hood 77 protects the hard core from inadmissible shock loads, for example, when hitting solid or very resistant targets. The trip or control unit 8 is protected, in this case, by a resistant casing 75. It also serves to ensure the pressure in the pressure generating means 6 for the disintegration of the jacket 76.

Projectiles with hard cores corresponding to Figure 3 are suitable, in particular, for lower impact speeds (below 800 m / s up to 1000 m / s). In this case still the hardness of a penetrator still plays the dominant role for drilling capacity. At speeds above 1000 m / s the density of a penetrator becomes increasingly important. In this case, for example, heavy metal cores are incorporated. In the case of projectiles according to the invention with built-in hard cores, also at relatively low speeds (400 m / s to 600 m / s), particularly when compared to penetrators designed for high impact speeds, penetration capacities are still expected when The drilling process does not destroy the core. In this case, at a constant impact speed, the specific load on the core, depending on the area of the area, is the crucial parameter in terms of penetration capacity, that is, in a first approximation is the length of the core.

Figure 14 shows as another additional basic example, a modular projectile 79 with a hard metal or heavy metal core 80 in the nose sector. It can be arranged inside an outer ballistic cover 5 or replace it (also partially). The fragment projecting part is postconnected with a pyrotechnic unit 82 made, in this case, in conical form. The fragments 81 are preferably ejected in the direction 84, the conical rear face 83 of the core 80 generating an additional radial component.

An example of a manifest fragmentation projectile is shown in Figure 15. It is a projectile 85 (or a projectile head) with a two-stage fragmentation part (formed of pyrotechnic units 86 and 87 and fragment loads 88 and 89) and a postconnected ALP module. The resulting accelerated fragments are shown by arrows 90 (for 88), 91 (for 89) and 92 (for 4). Said example may also be combined with a directionally controlled fragment acceleration 93, as shown in Figure 16. In this case, the fragment load 95 is divided into four fragmentation segments 95 by the separation walls 94, so that they can also be controlled separately (the resulting fragmentation arrow 96 is also drawn).

Figures 17 and 18 show examples of multipurpose shells 97 respectively 99 with cores and ALP module respectively PELE. Thus, Figure 17 shows a fragmentation head comprising components consisting of explosive 62 and fragments 61, positioned in front of a hard metal or heavy metal core 98, which moves a crater in front of the PELE module. The initiation of 62 takes place by means of the element 8 and the control or connection line 10. Said line 10 can be extended in the wall 4 or be arranged directly in the pressure transmission means 6 (see Figure 18). In this way, a greater fragmentation effect is obtained in the head sector with a high degree of penetration capacity in combination with a delayed PELE effect and a lateral expansion of respective magnitude because the following PELE component is pushed into the crater on the core or stressed by it.

Figure 18 shows a multipurpose projectile in which the sequence of modules connected to the fragmentation head is inverse compared to that of Figure 17. Here, the fragmentation head part or ALP part forms the fragment producing components, followed of a core 100 of hard metal or heavy metal to achieve a high penetration effect.

The shape of the fragment accelerator elements, with effects mainly in the direction of firing, must be adjusted according to the desired fragment distribution. Basically, in the acceleration of fragments in the axial direction they are flat pyrotechnic elements 105 (in the form of a disk or ring) which, for the concentration of fragments, can be provided with a flat inner cone 107 for the concentration of fragments (see Figures 1A , 12, 13 and 15) or of a flat or thicker outer cone 113 (see Figure 7) or a less convex curvature (see Figures 8, 17, 18, 19, 30 to 34) or more convex (see Figures 1B and 8) for the radial distribution of the fragments.

In addition to said geometric measurements, a directional control of the fragments can also be provided. This is a particularly interesting aspect in combination with a projectile or intelligent combat head. Some examples of embodiment for applications of these characteristics have been grouped in Figures 19 to 25. In this case, Figure 19 serves to illustrate in greater detail the sector considered. A plugging effect is produced by an outer ring 109 (see Figure 20) or by means of projectile shell 110 (see Figure 21). If the fuze 108 is further inward of the load 105 (left side of Figure 20), as a rule, the inherent plugging is sufficient.

In order to achieve a certain propagation direction (fragment guide) of the fragment charge 106, multiple fuzes or starter loads 108 can be distributed separately to be activated (see Figure 20) distributed, for example, on the perimeter of a pyrotechnic acceleration element 105 - Figure 20. Said directional effect can be reinforced by structural measures. Thus, for example, the arrangement 111 shown by FIG. 21 has a rear inert body 112 for the shock waveguide. Another example 114 is shown in Figure 22A. There, the shock waves produced after detonating the explosive 105 by the initiation charge 108 are deflected by means of an inert front body (seen in the direction of the shot) with internal cone 115. An annular initiation 108A is also conceivable. Similarly, an outer cone 115B is possible for the shock waveguide; see figure 22B.

As a consequent configuration of said solution, a "shock wave guide of the fragmentation head" is also possible. The concept of shock wave guidance is basically known in relation to hollow loads or FP loads for guiding or better distribution of shock waves in the accelerator loads of the inserts. In this case, however, it is intended in the first line to produce a better shock wave symmetry and, thus, a more accurate jet formation. On the contrary, in the margin of the present invention it is proposed to achieve the effect of a shock wave guide by bodies introduced in the propagation fields of the shock waves, providing an asymmetric distribution of the shock waves and, thus, of the shock wave energy to, for example, give the fragment charge an irregular distribution or a particular direction (shock wave guide of the fragmentation head). This effect is assisted by an appropriate fragment distribution of the fragmentation surface 106 and / or surface configuration of the pyrotechnic element 105 (for example, concave, convex, conical).

Other examples of a shock wave guide of the fragmentation head are shown in Figures 23 to 25. Thus, in the structure 116 of Figure 23, a shock wave guide body 117 has been incorporated in the explosive 105. It can be a metal alloy or also a plastic or auxiliary substances of the explosion effect. In the arrangement 118 shown in Figure 24, a plurality of fuzes 108 separated by a partition wall 119 have been incorporated. A desired direction can be specified by a differentiated initiation. The built-in conical front body 115 supports this effect. Finally, in Fig. 25, an arrangement 120 is shown in which the different fuzes or the acceleration elements 121 (or the ring of explosive means) are found in pockets properly formed between the inner and outer inert bodies 122 and 123 for the Shockwave guide However, with an appropriate conformation it can be of a single inert body with recesses. In the case of larger systems it is also possible to achieve a desired asymmetric acceleration of the fragments by means of the displacement of the fuze 108 in the explosive body 105.

In additional configurations of projectiles or combat heads according to the present invention, supplementary or extension technical solutions are shown in figures 26 to 38. Thus, another additional basic structure is shown for a projectile or combat head 124. In principle, it is an ALP made in the rear in the known manner, while the front part is composed of a fragmentation chamber 127 in which fragments 128 are embedded in a matrix material. Load 126 detonated by firing or control 8 accelerates both projectile modules. While the rear side part disintegrates laterally at a relatively low speed (see the resulting arrows for speeds and masses 130A and 130B), the fragments 128 in the rear of the chamber 127 are accelerated more radially due also to the inherent clogging effect due to the frontal material, in the case of a thin wall, that is to say disintegrator (see the resulting arrow with respect to velocity and mass 131), while in the frontal part the effect is predominantly axial (arrow for velocity and mass 132). In the case of a more solid wall or less axial acceleration by the load 126 it is also possible to achieve a purely axial ejection of the fragments 128 from the pocket or container 127. A nose 125 full of fragments is also possible (lower half of the figure) with the resulting respective arrow 125A.

If it is a projectile according to the present invention with a load head CH or load FP (see Figures 1C, 9 and 28) the total energy balance is no longer exceeded. Thus, for example, the firing effect that occurs in the formation of the jet and on which the jet that spreads, axially, rests at high speed is forced to penetrate the ALP module and thus increases the lateral efficiency of the same.

Figure 27 shows a projectile according to the invention, with a FP loading head and core with disintegration charge (detonation wick) 135. To simplify the illustration, the control and initiation elements were not drawn in this case either. Said central load 135 may be designed so that in homogeneous targets it cannot exceed, despite initiation, the pressure coming from outside, so that the core can pass through the target in a quasi-homogeneous manner. In the case of thin targets of low resistance, the pressure applied by the load of 135 is sufficient for the disintegration of the core, so that it can disintegrate into a plurality of fragments thus producing its effect on the target with the corresponding lateral action (see also figure 29).

Figure 28 shows a CH136 combat head with a device 137 for jet concentration. In this example, a horn-shaped insert 138 was selected to achieve high jet speeds. Also channel 137 is made in a correspondingly delegated manner. The channel forming body 137 can also be manufactured from a fragment forming means.

As a supplement to the embodiments of Figure 27, according to Figure 29, a radially segmented module 140 (in this case formed of four segments 142) may also be provided with a disintegration charge

141. The resulting arrows 143 have been drawn.

Figure 30 shows a projectile of 144 with fragmentation head, an ALP module with a long or thin central penetrator 145 (high degree of thinness) for the highest possible penetration capacity. The penetrator tip 145 is protected by means of a hood or cover, a cylinder or a comparable device 146 of shock or impact loads of the pyrotechnic unit and also of impact and when penetrating a target (see Figure 13).

Figure 31 shows a projectile of 147 according to the invention with a fragmentation head and a composite core 148 which, in this case, is of a very large design. It is composed, for example, of a hard metal tip 149 and a rear core portion 150 of heavy metal. The connection between 149 and 150 is made by means of an intermediate layer 151. It represents a connection by gluing, vulcanization, friction welding or soft welding. Of course, any other positive or non-positive union is also possible. Compound cores of this type also have the advantage that they can be machined in the heavy metal or steel part. The boundary surface between 149 and 150 can also be conically shaped, to prevent the heavy metal cylinder 150 from being dynamically stressed on the rear surface of the hard core 149 in a deceleration of the tip 149.

In addition to Figure 31, Figure 32 shows a modulated projectile 152 with another additional core structure with a hard metal tip 149 and a rear core portion 154 supported by means of a bushing. For example, bushing 153 may be composed of another hard material, a heavy metal or other resistant material. The inner core part 154 may be connected with the tip 149, form a part with it or simply be inserted therein. A conical shape of the back of the core is also possible, for example, for the reduction of friction when penetrating deep targets.

In Figure 33, the central core is composed of a segmented arrangement 156. The missile 155 is again composed of a fragmentation head with an adjacent ALP module. If the pressure transmission means 6 is composed of a hard material, for example magnesium, aluminum or PFV (fiberglass reinforced plastic), the segmented penetrator 156 can be introduced therein by means of an appropriate drill. If the medium 6 is composed of a liquid or a substance that is not mechanically stable enough (for the transmission of the launch acceleration), the penetrator 56 could be provided with its own bushing 153 itself. In the present structure, the central penetrator 156 is composed of two front cores 157 (preferably hard metal or heavy metal) of a low degree of thinness (reduced length or diameter ratio) separated by means of a bumper 160. Said bumper 160 also It can be composed of the same material as the pressure transmission means 6. The rear part of the core is formed, in this case, of two thinner cores 158 of a greater degree of thinness (high length / diameter ratio). Between the cores 158 a shock reducing layer 159 can be found. Said layer 159 can also separate two cores 158 from different materials.

Figure 34 shows a projectile or a combat head 161, whose front fragmentation component is formed by a fragment projecting nose and a stack of fragmentation discs 163 and the respective pyrotechnic elements 164. They are followed by a solid body or an ALP module (see Figure 35). This example also contains a central long penetrator 162, made solid or in a bushing 165. Of course, the discs can also be arranged without intermediate pyrotechnic layers, but in this case the desired separation effect is not guaranteed. .

In the case of the modular projectile 166 shown in Figure 35, the fragment projecting nose is replaced by a solid nose 167. It can, for example, penetrate heavier pre-white so as to allow the remaining penetrator to pass, so that the fragment projection discs 163, accelerated by the pyrotechnic elements 164, can be opened radially. By means of a conical tip, discs of this type may have, due to the expansion effect, a mechanical lateral component.

Other unconventional nose or penetrator configurations are shown in Figures 36 to 38. Thus, Figure 36 shows a projectile or a combat head 168 with a central penetrator 169 extended over the entire length that, in the front, it is surrounded by rings or annular segments 171. They, to support the lateral components, can be of conical configuration in the manner of conical elastic washers (see the resulting arrow 173). They are accelerated by means of the planiform pyrotechnic elements 172. The rest of the projectile is formed as an ALP module subjected to pressure loading by means of its own pyrotechnic element 170. The penetrator 169 is provided with its own tip 174. It can also be staggered

Figure 37 shows a variant 175 of Figure 35. In this case, the central penetrator 177 has a hexagonal cross section. It is surrounded by six planiform elements 176 (per layer or plane). These are held together by the outer ring or envelope 178. Said envelope 178 can also be shaped as a fragment-forming shirt. Of course, other geometric configurations are possible

5 in correspondence with the technical requirements or desired effects.

Particularly in very large missiles or calipers, the output speed is, as a rule, low, for the 155 mm caliber is, for example, approximately 800 m / s. In this case, at great combat distances (20 km) it can be expected that the impact speeds are relatively low (400 m / s at 500 m / s). The shapes of the nose to be used are determined by the external ballistics. By the way, with low speeds it may be appropriate to deviate from conventional nose shapes or dispense with external ballistic covers. Staggered noses can also be adopted to be sized only from external ballistic considerations, for example, for a better attack of slanted or oblique plate targets.

In the variant of a projectile structure 179 according to the invention shown in Figure 38, the disks 180 have a different cone angle and a different thickness with appropriately adapted pyrotechnic elements 181. In

When flying or when approaching the target, the cover can also be mechanically detached (for example, pivoted), discarded, detached by explosion or eroded during flight.

It is understood that the most complex configurations of the fragment-forming systems depend, in the first line, on the caliber of the ammunition (and there in first approximation with the third power of the caliber). While the fundamental idea of the present invention may already be absolutely feasible in relation to smaller projectile calipers or diameters, depending on the technical complications involved, the most complicated solutions are reserved for medium sizes and, above all, for larger sizes (from 60 mm) or large gauges (from 90 mm).

EP-A-1 316 774 has already referred to the possibility of applying the ALP principle also in high-speed torpedoes. In this case, however, the impact speeds are at the lower limit of use.

25 appropriate. By means of the technical solutions proposed in the margin of this invention, a decisive increase in efficiency is possible as long as the active bodies adjusted to the spectrum of use can be accelerated from the projectile immediately before or during the impact or when the impact itself starts a high lateral and axial action. As axially accelerated active bodies are considered, in particular, correspondingly designed FP loads and discs or rings of greater height (possibly with a special conformation for underwater use).

A polyvalent hybrid active system of the invention is suitable, in addition to the acceleration by means of cannons, especially for the transfer by rocket, missile defense systems, controlled or directed bombs or missiles, even cruise missiles. Almost unlimited freedom in relation to almost all known active mechanisms means that it is possible with such systems to fight from ballistic targets very

35 armored to strategic objects, passing through structures of large and / or deep targets such as lighter targets, airplanes, ships and buildings.

Reference List

1 rotation stabilized projectile with combination of fragmentation head and ALP module

2 aerodynamically stabilized projectile with combination of fragmentation head and ALP module

3 aerodynamically stabilized projectile with combination of CH head and ALP module as well as EC module

4 fragment or subprojectile generating housing

5 nose or outer ballistic cover

6 medium pressure transmitter in the ALP module

45 7A pressure generating element or detonator or explosive for fragmentation module or ALP module

7B pressure generating element or detonator or explosive for fragmentation module or ALP module

7C pressure generator element as HL module

8 initiation device (programmed part, insurance part and initiation part)

9 cylindrical element pressure generator or detonation wick

10 transmission line 11 7A fragment load 12 7B fragment load 13 HL head 14 nose with active disintegration module 15 fragmentation jacket 16 pressure transmission medium 17 pyrotechnic element 18 nose wrap 19 solid active nose module 20 bushing for pressure generating element 21 nose module loaded with active means 22 nose load 21 23 ALP module 24 ALP module 25 ALP nose module with four loads of lateral or concentrated action fragments 26 fragment loading 27 central body explosive of 25 28 space between 29 and 31 29 surface shape of 26 30 direction of propagation of fragment charges 26 31 housing 32 ALP nose module with six demolition charges 33 laterally acting 33 housing wall 32 32 explosive central body of 32 35 metal insert 36 propagation directions of demolition charges or fragment fields of 35 37 ALP nose module with loads FP oblique forward / outward actuators 38 resulting from the direction of propagation of the FP insert 41 formed 39 charge P 40 central explosive charge 41 metallic insert 40 42 resulting from the direction of propagation of the fragment field 43A pocket of fragments with charge of fragments 26 43B load of fragments 44 nose module ALP with loads of fragments 43B acting obliquely forward / outward 45 example of nose module ALP with actuating fragmentation cone, mainly axially 46 example of nose module acting ALP, mainly radially

47

 fragment loads

48

outdoor ballistic cover

49

acceleration load for 47 and 54

fifty

fragmentation envelope according to the ALP principle

51

pressure transmission medium

52

separation or damping or deceleration element

53

47 propagation directions

54

load of fragments acting radially

55

54 propagation directions

56

example of ALP nose module with fragmentation head

57

example of ALP nose module with fragmentation head

58

outdoor ballistic cover of 56, 57

59

58 active media load

60

fragment propagation direction of 61

61

fragment loading

62

 pyrotechnic charge

63

buffering medium (also with embedded fragments)

64

surface shape of 62

65

ALP nose module with CH load or pre-connected or integrated FP load

66

propagation directions of the projectile or jet formed by the cone 65

67

 explosive

68

cone or insert

69

propagation direction 71 of the active elements 74

70

medium pressure transmitter

71

load insert P

73

P projectile

74

disc or plate element or cover

75

wrapped or shirt 8

76

conical fragment shirt

77

protective cap for 78

78

 nucleus

79

example of modular projectile with part of fragments and hard core nose

80

hard core or heavy metal core

81

 fragments

82

pyrotechnic unit for fragment acceleration

83

rear face of core 80

84

preferred direction of propagation of cargo 81

85 projectile or projectile head with multistage fragmentation part 86 first pyrotechnic unit of 85 87 second pyrotechnic unit of 85 88 fragment load of 86 89 fragment load of 87 90 fragment propagation resulting from charge 88 91 fragment propagation resulting from the load 89 92 fragment propagation resulting from the ALP jacket 4 93 example of acceleration of fragments of directionally controlled 94 separation surfaces 95 fragment chamber or partial load of fragments 96 resulting propagation of fragments 95 97 modular projectile with fragmentation head, PELE core and module 98 hard or heavy metal core 99 example projectile with fragmentation head, ALP module and core 100 core or EC module 104 directionally controlled fragmentation load with strong lateral plugging 109 105 pyrotechnic medium 106 fragment loading 107 inner cone of 105 108 initiation load 108A initiation load annular radiation 109 external plugging 110 projectile wall or shell 111 directionally controlled fragment load with rear inert body 112 112 rear inert body for shock wave guide 113 outer cone of 105 114 directionally controlled fragment load with front inert body 115 115A body front inert with inner cone for shock wave guidance 115B front outer cone for shock wave guide 116 directionally controlled fragment loading with detonation waveguide 117 internal body for shock waveguide 118 directionally controlled fragment loading with inert body and multiple initiation 119 separation of initiation loads 108 120 directionally controlled fragment loading with chambers and detonation waveguide 121 acceleration or fuze load 122 inert body for internal shock waveguide 123 inert body for waveguide external shock 124 projectile with fragmentation module and ALP module 125 nose loaded with fragments 125A resulting arrow for mass and speed of 125 126 pyrotechnic unit 127 fragmentation chamber 128 fragments 129 matrix material between 128 130A directions resulting from propagation of fragments of 4 130B addresses resulting from propagation of fragments of 4 131 direction of propagation of fragments, mainly radial, of 128 132 direction of propagation of fragments, mainly axial, of 128 133 projectile with FP load head and core with disintegration load 134 core with drill 135 disintegration load for 134 136 projectile or jet head with jet concentration 137 device for jet concentration 138 horn-shaped insert 139 channel for HL jet 140 four-part penetrator 141 central pyrotechnic element 142 segment of penetrator EC 140 143 resulting arrow for 142 144 projectile with fragmentation head and ALP module with p central junction 145 central penetrator of high degree of thinness 146 shock absorber for 145 147 projectile with fragmentation head and multi-part composite core 148 148 composite core 149 tip core or hard metal front tip part 150 metal core body hard or rear core part 151 junction between 149 and 150 152 projectile with fragmentation head and core protected by bush 153 core bushing 154 core body 155 projectile with fragmentation head and multiple or segmented core 156 multiple or segmented core 157 single core with low length and diameter ratio 158 individual core with average length and diameter ratio 159 intermediate disc 160 intermediate bumper 161 projectile with fragmentation head, central penetrator 162 and fragmentation discs 163 162 central penetrator 163 fragmentation disc 164 pyrotechnic discs 165 bushing 161 projectile with penetrator c entral, solid nose, fragmentation discs and ALP module 167 solid nose 168 projectile with central through penetrator, ALP module and conical fragmentation discs 169 through central penetrator 170 accelerator element of the ALP module 171 conical fragmentation discs or annular segments 172 accelerated pyrotechnic discs for 171 173 resulting arrow 174 169 point 175 175 projectile cross section with hexagonal penetrator, disc segments or surface segments and

wrapped 178 176 disk segment or surface segment 177 hexagonal central penetrator 178 outer ring or wrapped 179 projectile without outer ballistic cover with fragmentation discs and ALP module 180 conical discs 181 pyrotechnic elements

Claims (42)

one.

 Multipurpose hybrid projectile or multipurpose hybrid combat head, composed of a first part of the projectile projector of an active medium (11), the active means being positioned in the nose (5) or in an area close to the nose of the projectile or head of combat, and a second projectile part, a pyrotechnic device (7) being arranged between the first projectile part and the second projectile part both to activate the active means in the first projectile part and to generate a field of Pressure; and the second projectile part has an active shell (4) in terms of external ballistics, characterized in that the second projectile part also has an inert pressure transmission means (6) disposed within the envelope for mere transmission to the envelope (4) of the pressure field generated by the pyrotechnic device (7); and because multiple first projectile parts have been arranged one behind the other or laterally.

2.

 Projectile or combat head according to claim 1 in which the first projectile part and / or the second projectile part are made in the form of modules.

3.

 Projectile or combat head according to claim 2 in which the first projectile part and / or the second projectile part are made in the form of interchangeable modules.

Four.

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the first projectile part contains as an active medium (11) an explosive charge (expansive, fragmentation, CH or P) or a combination of the same.

5.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which a directional control (108, 112, 115, 117) of the active means (106) is integrated.

6.

 Projectile or combat head of claim 5, in which the directional control (112, 115, 117) of the active means (106) is actuated by means of a shock waveguide.

7.

 Projectile or combat head according to claim 5, in which the directional control (108) of the active means (106) is carried out by means of an asymmetric initiation of the acceleration load.

8.

Projectile or combat head according to claim 5, in which the directional control of the active means is carried out by means of a structural segmentation.

9.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the active means (11) of spherical, cuboid or cylindrical shape of equal or unequal size of the same or different material are accelerated from the first projectile part.

10.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which / from the first part of the projectile elements (74) are accelerated in the form of a plate, annular, discoid or planiform of any contour in axial or mainly axial direction .

eleven.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 4 to 10, in which the active means are ejected predominantly axially from a container or a pocket of fragments (127).

12.

Projectile or combat head according to claim 10, in which the active means (128) are embedded in a matrix or in acceleration are reciprocally supported.

13.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims and 4 to 12, in which one or multiple discoid active means (171) are accelerated predominantly axially which are composed of the same or different material / s or contain intermediate layers reactive or pressure generating.

14.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 13, in which the pyrotechnic device

(7) It consists of multiple pressure generating elements (86, 87).

fifteen.

Projectile or combat head according to claim 14, in which the pressure generating elements (86, 87) of the pyrotechnic device (7) are provided with or connected to a safety and / or initiation system controlled in position or in time.

16.

Projectile or combat head according to claims 14 or 15, in which the pressure generating elements (86, 87) of the pyrotechnic device (7) are controlled or activated separately or are connected to each other by means of a transmission line of signals, by detonation fuses or by means of a radio signal.

17.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 16, in which the initiation of the pyrotechnic device (7) is also provided in the form of an initiation device (8) that works programmed over time, by contact, mechanically, optically, electronically, by radio and / or by radar.

18.

Projectile or combat head according to claim 17, in which the initiation device (8) can be activated in the firing / launching or during the flight phase by means of a time-controlled signal or by an impact signal, when penetrating or drilling or inside a white structure.

19.

 Projectile or combat head according to claim 17, in which the initiation device (8) is controlled by a target guidance system and / or a target recognition system.

twenty.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 19, in which the active means (11) can be activated simultaneously or displaced in time.

twenty-one.

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 20, in which the second projectile part is combined with a PELE projectile part.

22

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 21, in which the second projectile part includes at least one central penetrator (145, 162, 169).

2. 3.

 Projectile or combat head according to claim 22, in which a part of the penetrator is a pure fragmentation component.

24.

 Projectile or combat head according to claims 22 or 23, in which the central penetrator is designed as a radially segmented separator.

25.

Projectile or combat head according to one of the indications 1 to 24, in which the envelope (4) activates in terms of final ballistics of the second projectile part is composed of a homogeneous material of preformed, subprojectile or penetrating fragments assets independently.

26.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 25, in which different forms of loading are provided on the perimeter and / or on the length.

27.

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 26, in which additional additional active parts (subprojectiles, fragment pockets, liquid or solid active means) are incorporated.

28.

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 27, further comprising a cylindrical penetrator (150), a core or core tip (149) of steel, hard mental or heavy metal.

29.

 Projectile or combat head according to claim 28, in which the core or the tip of the core (149) has a hood or shock reducing cover.

30

 Projectile or combat head according to claims 28 or 29, in which the penetrator, the core or the core tip is composed of a combination of different materials.

31.

Projectile or combat head according to one of the indications 28 to 30, also composed of a stepped tip, an ogival or conical tip or an outer ballistic cap.

32

Projectile or combat head according to claim 31, in which an axially advanced active part is concentrated by means of the tip.

33.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 32, in which it is stabilized by rotation or aerodynamically.

3. 4.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 33, which is combined with an explosive projectile.

35

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 34, which is combined with a kinetic energy projectile of steel, heavy metal or hard metal.

36.

Projectile or combat head according to claim 28 or 35, in which the kinetic energy projectile or the inert action module, homogeneous or segmented axially or radially, contains a disintegration device.

37.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 36, which is combined with a guided system or a controlled system in the final phase.

38.

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 37, which contains a safety disintegration system.

39.

Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 38, which is integrated into a missile or a rocket.

40

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 39, active components being ejected according to one of the preceding claims from a system, for example penetrator, projectile, container, combat head or rocket.

41.

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 38, which can be accelerated or transferred by means of a rocket or booster propeller.

42

 Projectile or combat head according to one of claims 1 to 38, which is integrated into an underwater combat head or a high speed torpedo.