RU2194240C2 - Cassette fragmentation-cluster shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artillery ammunition. SUBSTANCE: cassette fragmentation-cluster shell includes body housing proximity- percussion fuze, knocking-out powder charge and set of cylindrical propelling blocks placed on charge axis and comprising block body and explosive charge, fragmentation disc put on front face of explosive charge and block initiating aid. Propelling blocks have height-to-diameter ratio 0.3-0.5. Set of propelling blocks can be thrown both backwards and ahead of shell in flight. Fragmentation discs can be fabricated both in the form of layers of compact and elongated finished hitting members and in the form of plates of natural or specified breaking. EFFECT: enhanced factor of utilization of energy of explosive charge and hitting probability of various targets. 18 cl, 19 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to fragmentation ammunition having simultaneously axial and circular fields of destruction.

 A high-explosive fragmentation projectile is known, in the case of which an explosive charge is placed, a ground fuse with a detonator, and a front GPE block made of steel or heavy alloys. The head cap is filled with low-density material. In the front part of the head cap there is a contact reaction unit, electrically connected to the bottom fuse [1].

 The disadvantage of this design is the low efficiency of the use of explosive charge energy due to the small contact area of the charge-block GGE and, as a result, the low throwing speed of the multilayer block GGE.

 This disadvantage is partially eliminated in the design of the projectile "P" [2]. In the shell of the projectile are two throwing units with expelling powder charges. The block consists of a body with an explosive charge and a single-layer set of GGE at the end and a fuse with a moderator. When the projectile approaches the target, the blocks are expelled by successive charges from the hull, and then they are undermined and thrown by the GGE.

 The disadvantage of this design is the non-optimal configuration of the throwing blocks (their relatively high height), which leads to a low coefficient of utilization of explosive charge energy and a small number of blocks.

 The present invention addresses these drawbacks. The technical solution consists in the fact that the throwing unit is made in the form of a low cylinder with a ratio of height to diameter of 0.3 ... 0.5. The proposed design can be used in various ammunition, including artillery shells, barrels, rockets, rockets, and air bombs.

 Figure 1 shows a shell for a rifled gun with a head fuse and the ejection of blocks back; figure 2 - shell for a smoothbore tank gun with a bottom fuse and the ejection of blocks forward; figure 3 - rocket with a head fuse and the ejection of blocks forward; figure 4-9 shows a design of throwing blocks of rotating shells; figure 10 is a cross-sectional diagram of a propelling unit with stiffeners; 11-13 are diagrams of fragmentation disks designed to form a coupled damaging element; in Fig. 14 is a propelling unit of a non-rotating projectile; on Fig - scheme of the projectile with the ejection of blocks back; on Fig - the results of computer simulation of the explosion of the propelling unit, Fig.17-19 - diagrams of the action of the blocks with the formation of the associated damaging element.

 A general diagram of a rotating projectile with a fuse head arrangement is shown in FIG. 1. The shell contains a housing 1 with a leading pressed or welded belt 2 and a screw bottom 3, inside the housing there is a powder burst charge 4 and a set of throwing blocks 5. To the housing is attached a head cap 6 with an impact remote fuse 7 with a pyrotechnic channel 8, a detonation channel 9 and the receiver 10.

 The scheme of the projectile with the bottom location of the fuse shown in figure 2. As an example, a shell for a smoothbore tank gun is shown. In this scheme, the installation is entered into the type of action and response time of the bottom remote fuse 11 by the optical method through the channel 12 of the tube of the stabilizer 13.

 In FIG. 3 shows the warhead of a missile (controlled or uncontrolled). In this case, the throwing blocks are made with axial channels for transmitting a fire pulse from the head fuse to the expelling charge 4.

 Design schemes throwing blocks are presented in figure 4-9. The shape of the block is determined by the required expansion angle of the axial flow of the GGE. In the general case, the unit includes a housing 14 with a charge of BB 15, a fragmentation disk 16 and a fuse 17. The housing is made of steel and can be equipped with predetermined crushing devices, for example, trimming (corrugation) 18, a structural mesh, etc., to enhance the radial fragmentation effect. P. For structures with low overloads during firing (launching), the casing can be made of aluminum alloys or composite materials, including the inclusion of GGE 19. To increase the strength of the casing, it can be made with internal ribs 20.

 Laying GGE 16 is made single-layer (mainly) or multi-layer. GGEs are made of steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten or uranium, mainly in a form that ensures their tight packing in a block, for example, in the form of a cube or a hexagonal prism. In certain cases, especially in the case of the convex front surface of the block (Fig. 6), the GGE layer can be replaced by a fragmentation plate of natural or predetermined crushing. The fragmentation plate of natural crushing can be made, for example, of high-fragmentation high-carbon steel, silicon steel 6ОС2 (patents 2079099, 2095740 RF), eutectoid manganese-silicon steel (patent 2153024 RF), cermets based on tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum (US patent 48585) . A predetermined crushing is carried out, for example, by applying corrugation, including hidden cutting 21 or structural grids obtained by laser, electron beam or local chemical-thermal treatment. A variant is provided with a set of radially laid rods 22. There is also a variant of the arrangement of plates with spherical recesses (menisci) 23 on the front surface of the charge 23 (Fig. 8). There is a variant of the throwing unit with the location in the explosive charge of the insert 25 (“lens”) of non-explosive material, such as plastic (Fig. 9).

 In FIG. Figures 11-13 show variants of fragmentation disks designed for each block to form one striking element in the form of a ring (Fig. 11) or a whip (Figs. 12, 13). The design of Fig. 11 is a disk made of ductile metal, for example, low carbon steel, provided with radial slots 26. In the diagram of Fig. 12, the front surface of the block is made as part of a cylindrical surface along which metal rods 27 are made, for example, made of steel or heavy alloys alternately connected by upper and lower ends. In the diagram of FIG. 13, a disk in the form of a tightly laid spiral 28 of a square or circular steel or tungsten bar is laid on the flat end of the block.

 For rifle ammunition, the transmission of torque from the case to the set of blocks is carried out by giving the block a device that prevents the blocks from turning relative to each other and the case, for example, in the form of protrusions at the bottom of the block, entering the recess of the neighboring block.

 For non-rotating or weakly rotating ammunition (shells of smooth-bore guns, shells of MLRS, air bombs, etc.), the stabilization of throwing units in flight from the moment of ejection from the hull to the moment of detonation is carried out using the opening stabilizers 26 (Fig. 14, a - in laying, b - on the flight).

 The action of a rotating projectile with the head location of the fuse and the ejection of the block back is shown in Fig. 15.

 At the calculated point of the trajectory, a remote fuse is triggered, a beam of fire ignites the expelling charge 4, which pushes the set of throwing blocks back with the cutting of the bottom thread 3.

 At the moment of pushing a set of blocks, the inertial mechanisms of the fuses of the blocks are triggered and cause the inclusion of powder or electric moderators, during the action of which the blocks take off from the case and expand them in radial directions. An option is also provided for igniting the means for initiating the blocks by the pyrotechnic method. The stabilization of the blocks is due to the gyroscopic moment. After the end of the action of moderators, detonations of throwing blocks occur with the formation of the total axial flow of fragments.

 Reducing the relative height of the block h / d to a value of 0.3-0.5 significantly increases the utilization of the explosive charge energy. This is explained by the fact that with a decrease in the relative height of the charge, its relative active mass increases (see the Monograph "Explosion Physics" edited by KP Stanyukovich. "Science", 1975, p. 313). At the same time, the number of blocks increases (for a fixed-length set), and, consequently, the total missile mass of the finished striking elements (GGE). Computer simulation of the explosion process of blocks of different heights (Fig. 16) and calculation of the action of the total GGE stream using standard sets of targets showed that obtaining a technical result, i.e., reaching the maximum value of the probability of damage, is realized at h / d = 0.4 ± 0, 1. A decrease in the relative block height below 0.3 leads to a noticeable drop in the initial velocity of fragmentation disks. With an increase in the relative block height of more than 0.5 with a slight increase in speed, a decrease in the total number of blocks begins to affect, and, consequently, a decrease in the missile mass of fragments.

 The magnitude of the angle of expansion of the GGE propelling unit is determined by the purpose and conditions of operation of the projectile. To obtain a narrow angle of expansion, a scheme with a concave front surface of the block (Fig. 5) or a block design with an explosion-proof lens 25 (Fig. 9) is used. In the latter case, as a result of the envelope of the lens by the detonation wave and its exit into the annular gap, a converging detonation wave is formed in the charge, which decreases the expansion angle of the GGE. If it is necessary to form a large angle of expansion, schemes with a convex front surface are used (Fig.6, 7).

Depending on the design of the propelling unit, the target is hit by axial flow:
- ready striking elements;
- fragments of a given fragmentation fragmentation plate;
- fragments of natural fragmentation of a fragmentation plate;
- shock nuclei that form when the meniscus grooves collapse;
- rod elements forming a ring (continuous or intermittent) or an extended whip during expansion. The action of the block according to the scheme of Fig.11 is shown in Fig.17. In this case, due to the opening of the sections, an annular damaging element is formed. The action of the block according to the scheme of FIG. 12, forming a stretched lash, is shown in FIG. 18. The action of the block with a spiral striking element (diagram of Fig.13) is shown in Fig.19. Due to the radial unloading of detonation products, the central part of the spiral gets a higher axial speed, and the peripheral parts of the spiral get a radial speed. This leads to the formation of a spatial damaging element. All of these schemes are designed for operation on aircraft with continuous sections of aerodynamic panels, as well as for actions on antenna fields, radar stations, power lines, etc.

 In the case of firing at the percussion, the percussion mechanism of the head fuse through the detonation channel 9 causes detonation of the explosive charge of the front block with the transfer of detonation to the entire set of blocks. Similarly, the projectile operates with a trajectory rupture carried out without throwing throwing blocks. In these cases, targets are defeated due to the compression action of the projectile (action of an air shock wave) and fragments flying from the side surface of the throwing blocks, as well as fragments of the natural fragmentation of the hull. Shrapnel disks with this type of action have a relatively small radial speed, but nevertheless make a significant contribution to the overall fragmentation effect of the munition.

 A cluster fragmentation-fragmentation projectile is very promising for light helicopter transportable assault guns of mobile forces (see Nikolaev A.I., Odintsov V.A. For regional conflicts, assault guns are needed. Armament. Politics. Conversion, 5 (35), 2000). According to the tactical conditions of regional conflicts, fragmentation-compression shells with an increased explosive charge and axial-action shells with a large depth of destruction are necessary for these systems. Due to the fact that the initial velocity of the assault guns is small (250-300 m / s), the possibility of using conventional powder shrapnel and card shells disappears, and the most promising is the fragmentation-beam projectile of a single-block or cluster type. Calculations show that when suppressing small maneuvering groups of the enemy in the conditions of persistent firing, a cluster fragmentation-fragmentation shell has a significant advantage over other types of shells, including monoblock fragmentation-fragmentation shells according to US patents 2018779, 2108538 of the Russian Federation, 5661254, 5900580 US (see . table).

 The estimated probabilities of hitting a target for shells of various types (caliber 152 mm, range 3 km, independent shots) are given in the table.

 Significant advantages of the proposed scheme are manifested when it is used in the design of a tank projectile designed to suppress tank-hazardous ground and air targets. The proposed scheme is also promising for munitions with a hinged trajectory designed to destroy targets in trenches, bunks, on reverse slopes, etc., including long-range projectile shells, barrels, multiple launch rocket systems, aerial bombs, etc.

 In the manufacture of throwing cases from non-metallic materials, for example, from fiberglass reinforced plastic, the proposed projectile can be used as a narrowly targeted weapon that causes minimal damage to civilians and the environment, and in the manufacture of ready-made striking elements from non-metallic materials, such as rubber, fluoroplastic, polyethylene, etc. - like a non-lethal weapon.

References
1. Patent 2018779 of the Russian Federation, F 42 B 12/32, publ. 08/30/94 in the bull. 16.

 2. Swedish patent 367869, F 42 B.

Claims (19)

 1. Cassette fragmentation-beam projectile, comprising a housing with a fuse placed in it, an expelling powder charge and a set of cylindrical throwing blocks sequentially located along the axis of the projectile and consisting of a block housing located inside the explosive charge, a fragmentation disk located on the front end of the charge BB, and means of initiation, characterized in that the throwing blocks are made with a ratio of height to diameter in the range of 0.3-0.5.  2. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of throwing a set of throwing blocks in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the projectile, while the expelling charge is located in front of the projectile, and the shell of the projectile is equipped with a screw bottom.  3. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of throwing a set of throwing blocks in the direction of movement of the projectile, with the expelling charge located at the rear of the shell of the projectile.  4. The shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the throwing blocks are made with flat, concave or convex end surfaces and face the same surfaces in one direction.  5. The projectile according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that along the axis of the explosive charge is an insert of non-explosive material.  6. Shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the housing of the propelling unit is made of high-fragmentation silicon or high-carbon steel.  7. Shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the housing of the throwing unit is made of light alloy or reinforced plastic.  8. The shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the housing of the propelling unit is made with a predetermined crushing or with the inclusion of finished striking elements in the housing.  9. The shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the housing of the propelling unit is made with internal radial stiffeners.  10. The projectile according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the housing of the throwing unit is made with an axial channel.  11. The shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the fragmentation disk is made in the form of a single-layer or multi-layer set of finished striking elements made of steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten.  12. The projectile according to claim 11, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made in the form of a tightly laid spiral from a bar of round or square cross-section.  13. The projectile according to claim 11, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made in the form of a set of parallel-laid rods alternately connected by the upper and lower ends.  14. The projectile according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the fragmentation disk is made with predetermined crushing due to the application of corrugation, including hidden undercutting or structural networks deposited by laser, electron-beam or local chemical-thermal treatment.  15. The shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the fragmentation disk is made with natural crushing, of high-fragmentation silicon or high-carbon steel.  16. The shell according to any one of paragraphs. 11-13, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made in a form that ensures their tight packing in the fragmentation disk.  17. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile fuse is shock-remote, equipped with pyrotechnic and detonation channels and is installed in the head or bottom of the projectile.  18. The shell according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the fragmentation disk is made in the form of a plate with meniscus recesses deposited on it.  19. The projectile according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the fragmentation disk is made with striking elements of low-density non-metallic material.

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