RU2823083C1 - Artillery-shooting system for increasing throwing efficiency, methods of throwing and twisting thrown object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to military equipment, in particular to artillery pieces and methods of firing. Artillery-shooting complex comprises a barrel equipped with a gas-dynamic muzzle device to swirl the object to be thrown. Thrown object is made in the form of drive tray assembly, which is equipped with impeller with longitudinal ribs, in axial channel of which there is a bushing with a projectile, a striker, an impact blasting charge. Throwing is organized by the drive tray assembly shot from the gun with the usual propellant charge, and on external ballistic trajectory, blasting charge is detonated, which gives additional acceleration to subcaliber armour-piercing projectile. For gyroscopic stabilization of the projectile, a twisting muzzle device is used, the barrel of which is equipped with at least two external gas channels connecting inlet and outlet openings in each channel. Opposite outlet openings there are exhaust openings, besides, outlet and exhaust openings are located tangentially to the barrel channel opposite to each other. Inlet openings are located behind outlet openings at a distance sufficient for synchronization of movement of jets of propellant gases between outlet and exhaust openings with the moment when the impeller of the thrown object passes by them. For firing from hand-held firearms, the bullet and the impeller are made detachable after the shot, wherein the impeller is installed behind the bullet, during overcoming of the swirling muzzle device, the impeller with the bullet is spun with cross tangential jets of propellant gases, then they are brought to external ballistic trajectory, tracer or incendiary charge is ignited, gases of which push the impeller out of the thrown object.

EFFECT: higher linear and peripheral velocities, higher efficiency of fire.

19 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment, in particular, to rifled and/or smooth-bore artillery guns, and can be used in: cannons, howitzers, grenade launchers, and a simplified version of a unitary cartridge and a twisting muzzle device can be used in smooth-bore or rifled small arms and/or hunting weapons. The proposed complex with a two-stage acceleration system can be used with armor-piercing, high-explosive, cumulative, anti-aircraft shrapnel and/or fragmentation projectiles with trajectory detonation - to increase the area of destruction, for example, of unmanned aerial vehicles.

Improving artillery weapons systems is an integral task of increasing combat power, which lies in the ability of a weapon to effectively hit targets. Today's armored vehicles are equipped with active protection systems that make it possible to change the trajectory of thrown objects as they approach them. To overcome the counteraction of these complexes, it is necessary to increase the linear speed of specialized projectiles, and to confidently penetrate inclined armor, a high peripheral velocity of the projectile is required.

An armor-piercing feathered sabot projectile is known (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armor-piercing_feathered_sabot_projectile), in which stabilization of a projectile fired from a smooth gun barrel on the flight path is achieved by giving it additional aerodynamic surfaces to create a rotational moment due to the forces created counter-flow of air or through the use of increased pressure of propellant gases emanating from the barrel bore.

These systems are distinguished by relatively low projectile rotation speeds, therefore, the small effect of stabilizing the ammunition, as well as the aerodynamic resistance of the empennage affects the firing range.

Solving the problem of twisting a projectile in a smooth barrel to gyroscopically stabilize the projectile can increase combat effectiveness, which is why new inventions are constantly appearing in this area.

A “Device for imparting rotational motion to a projectile (bullet)” is known (patent RU 2540220), which is a section of a weapon barrel or an attachment to a barrel having side slots located tangentially to the barrel bore. Propellant gases, pushing the projectile along the bore and reaching the device, due to the presence of slots in the device, flow out of these slots, simultaneously creating lateral thrust for the projectile. The projectile undergoes an axial rotational movement.

The disadvantage of this solution is its low efficiency, because... There are no elements on the surface of a bullet or projectile that interact with gas flows that allow it to spin. The task of rotating the bullet in the direction shown in Fig. 2 direction will not be achievable, because possible rotation will occur in the opposite direction.

There is a known “Method of imparting rotation to a bullet or other projectile and the Jaugonen firearm complex for its implementation” (RF patent 2225974), in which a projectile equipped with at least one turbine with inclined blades installed in the tail of the projectile and oriented towards the entrance to the projectile space, are impacted from behind by jets of powder gases formed during the combustion of the propellant charge. Jets are obtained by converting mainly static pressure in the volume occupied by the charge into mainly dynamic pressure. The jets interact with the turbine and the bottom of the projectile, causing simultaneously translational and rotational movements of the projectile in the barrel, starting from the charging chamber. A firearm complex contains a small arms or artillery weapon, a propellant charge, a projectile and a partition separating the projectile from the charge. The partition is perforated by a plurality of longitudinally oriented through holes, the diameter of which is at least 4 times smaller than the thickness of the partition, and is installed without the possibility of axial movement under the action of powder gases outside the weapon's charging chamber, and the impeller is oriented with its entrance towards the space behind the projectile.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of its implementation in a barrel volume enclosed by a projectile.

Known are twist-on muzzle attachments for smooth-bore shotguns of the "paradox" type, screwed onto the barrel and having constant rifling [M.M. Blum, I.B. Shishkin “Hunting weapons”, M. Ecology, 1994, p. 39; V. Volnev “Replaceable choke tubes”, “Russian Hunting Newspaper”, March 19, 1997 6 p. 6; S. Kochkin “On Paradoxes”, magazine “Hunting and Hunting Dogs” N 2 1997, p. 27; Patent US 2811901 dated November 5, 1957; Patent US 3392472 dated July 16, 1968] or progressive (RF Patent 2153140 dated June 7, 1999) steepness along the entire nozzle.

The disadvantages of such cutting are that:

- The quality of combat with a bullet from such a gun remained worse than from a rifled barrel.

- The riflings were clogged with lead, which turned out to be difficult to clean.

- To shoot from “paradoxes”, long caliber bullets were required; short, spherical and sub-caliber bullets did not have the required effect.

- The use of sharper smokeless powders led to the bullets breaking off the rifling.

- The low initial speed of the bullet's departure as a result of hitting the rifling protrusions as the bullet enters the nozzle channel, and then losing it when turning along the rifling, and accordingly, the angular velocity of the bullet's rotational motion, necessary for its stability in flight, decreases.

The Armor-piercing high-explosive projectile is known (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armor-piercing high-explosive_projectile), designed to destroy armored vehicles and fortifications. The principle of operation of such a projectile is based on the spread of a plastic explosive charge over the largest possible area of armor and damage to the internal equipment and crew of the armored vehicle by large fragments formed during detonation on the inside of the armor.

The disadvantages are low effectiveness against combined and especially spaced armor, as well as against enemy infantry due to insufficient fragmentation action, which caused a decline in interest in armor-piercing high-explosive shells in the 1970-1980s and their abandonment in favor of cumulative ones.

A 76.2x558R shrapnel projectile is known for the 3-K anti-aircraft gun of the 1931 model. The projectile weighing 6.3-6.5 kg rose to a height of 1 to 9 km and exploded there, forming about a hundred steel or cast iron fragments from a shell weighing more than 5 grams and throwing out together with fragments 260 steel shrapnel bullets weighing 10.7 grams each. 458 grams of explosive ensured the scattering of fragments and shrapnel within a radius of up to 100 meters or more.

The disadvantage of the projectile is that the scattering of fragments occurred from the rupture of a small charge inside the projectile, which did not provide sufficient dimensions for the sphere of destruction.

The Brenneke turbine-arrow type bullet is known (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_Brenneke), accepted as a prototype bullet. The head of the bullet is lead, with inclined ribs on its side surface. The ribs are very thin; they easily crumple when passing through the barrel, ensuring good centering of the bullet. The bullet tip is a sealing felt and/or polyethylene wad of a special design connected to the head part.

The disadvantages of the bullet are that the presence of external oblique longitudinal ribs does not contribute to its rotation when passing through the air, however, the bullet receives weak rotation when passing through the bore due to friction of the ribs against the walls. The end cap, although it stabilizes the bullet, somewhat slows down its speed. In addition, as the bullet passes through the muzzle, the ribs are almost completely crushed, giving them an indefinite asymmetrical shape. Impairment of the bullet's streamlining, caused by deformation of the ribs, leads to a decrease in flight speed and worsening of the combat.

The “Choke Adapter” is known (US Patent No. 3880044 of 1975), which is placed on the muzzle of a firearm barrel and is a cylindrical adapter; a pipe made of combustible plastic material is attached to its front part, in which a hollow cylinder of explosive is placed. substances. The cylinder bore is slightly smaller than the bore diameter. The thrown body, moving in the channel of an explosive cylinder having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the thrown body, excites the detonation of the explosive, and the detonation products impart additional acceleration to the body.

The implementation of this method of additional acceleration of a thrown body and the device for its implementation is very problematic for the following reasons.

The initiation of detonation of an explosive due to friction of the surface of the thrown object against the inner surface of the cylindrical channel of the explosive charge occurs in several stages (ignition, accelerating combustion, detonation). Each stage has a certain development time and is random (probabilistic) in nature. The total time from the moment the body comes into contact with the explosive charge until detonation has a different (random) value from shot to shot. In this regard, the following cases are possible. If the total time of detonation initiation is greater than the time of flight of the thrown object in the explosive charge channel, then the detonation products do not have time to catch up with the thrown object. If the initiation of detonation of an explosive charge occurs in the tail part of the explosive channel, then due to the significantly higher speed of propagation of the detonation of the explosive than the speed of the object thrown by a firearm (for comparison: the speed of the projectile leaving the barrel is about 1000 m/s, the detonation speed, for example , TNT 7000 m/s) the detonation wave will outpace the thrown object and, instead of further accelerating the object, the opposite effect will occur. For these reasons, the uncontrolled process of initiating the detonation of an explosive charge and the lack of a directed flow of detonation products cannot give the desired positive effect.

The “Method of high-speed throwing of bodies and a device for its implementation” is known (RF patent 2311604), in which during throwing, preliminary acceleration of the thrown object is carried out in the traditional way by powder barrel systems, and additional acceleration to super-artillery speeds is carried out by the flow of detonation products of the explosive charge after the departure of the thrown object from the barrel of the powder system, which are formed into a narrow directed stream that overtakes the body from its rear side. To implement the method, an explosive device was created, which is a collapsible structure in which a funnel-shaped explosive charge is placed. The design has an axial channel for the passage of the thrown body. The channel is coaxially connected to the powder barrel system using an adapter. The outer funnel-shaped and inner conical parts of the shell are fastened on the back side with a lid, which has evenly distributed holes for placing electric detonators in them. In the front part of the shell channel there is a through hole normal to its longitudinal part. A wire end switch for the explosive charge detonation circuit is fixed in the hole. The limit switch, as well as all electric detonators (three or more), are connected in a parallel electrical circuit with a current source.

The disadvantage of this method is that the high explosive properties without contact with the projectile body will not create a high impact impulse, and in order to accelerate the projectile, an additional long barrel on the explosive device is needed to expose the projectile to gases from the explosion, while the design of the explosive device must withstand explosion of a high explosive charge, which will require heavy-duty materials. This method of throwing has high recoil, requiring additional strengthening of the recoil mechanisms, and, moreover, significantly increases the reloading time.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of projectile throwing.

The technical result achieved by implementing the invention is:

1. Increasing the linear and circumferential speed of the thrown object.

2. Increased armor penetration.

3. Increasing the accuracy of shooting from a smoothbore barrel to the level of a rifled barrel by imparting high-speed rotation to the thrown object.

3. Improvements in flatness.

4. Increasing the range of destruction.

5. Possibility of using a muzzle twisting device on smooth and rifled barrels.

6. Increased gyroscopic stability of the projectile when encountering inclined armor.

7. Increasing the power of the thrown object.

8. An increase in the sphere of destruction of an anti-aircraft shrapnel projectile due to the action of centrifugal forces during high-speed rotation.

9. Increasing the combat effectiveness of weapons while simplifying the production technology of firearms and ammunition.

10. Increased impact on the projectile with a high explosive charge, increasing speed and impact without increasing recoil.

An unfeathered rotating sabot projectile also has the following advantages over a feathered projectile:

- has a smaller projectile mass for the same caliber, which allows for a higher initial linear and circumferential velocity of the projectile;

- the projectile has a higher specific kinetic energy, is more stable in flight and when meeting the target at a large angle;

- has a large direct shot range;

- simple and technologically advanced in production.

The peculiarities of the impact of a high impact charge on a projectile outside the gun barrel provide higher values of acceleration acceleration and the maximum acceleration speed of the projectile at normal pressure in the barrel and recoil, and, as a result, indicators of the combat effectiveness of the weapon.

The essence of the invention is that:

A method for twisting a projectile when fired from a firearm barrel equipped with a twisting muzzle device, which contains a section of the barrel equipped with at least two external gas channels, each channel is connected to inlet and outlet windows equipped in the barrel of the muzzle device, and opposite the outlet windows in the barrel of the muzzle device are equipped with exhaust windows, and the outlet and exhaust windows are installed tangentially to the bore of the muzzle device; the thrown object is equipped with impeller ribs; propellant gases from the barrel of the muzzle device are selected into the input windows from the volume behind the bottom of the moving projectile and transported them to the output windows and, further, to the open exhaust windows, while synchronizing the moment of passage of propellant gases through the output windows into the exhaust windows with the moment of passing along them of the thrown object and/or its impeller, spinning the impeller of the thrown object with tangential jets of propellant gases in the opposite direction;

A method of throwing an armor-piercing sabot projectile from a gun barrel equipped with a muzzle twisting device installed in the drive tray assembly in the propellant part of the shot; throwing is organized by initiating a propellant charge, the gases of which accelerate the drive tray assembly in the barrel; in the central internal channel of the drive pan assembly, behind the sub-caliber projectile, a striker and a high impact charge are installed, which is equipped with a fuse; the driving pan is equipped with longitudinal ribs of the impeller, between which an additional propellant charge is placed; the muzzle end of the gun barrel is equipped with a twisting muzzle device, during the overcoming of which the thrown object is twisted, brought to an external ballistic trajectory and detonated by the impact high explosive charge;

A method of throwing a projectile from the barrel of a firearm, in which the impeller is separated from the projectile and installed behind it, while overcoming the twisting muzzle device, the impeller with the projectile is spun with cross tangential jets of propellant gases, bringing them to an external ballistic trajectory, igniting the tracer, or an incendiary or gas-generating charge, the gases of which push the impeller out of the thrown object;

A twisting muzzle device containing a barrel equipped with at least two external gas channels connecting the inlet and outlet windows in each channel; exhaust windows are located opposite the outlet windows, and the outlet and exhaust windows are located tangentially to the barrel channel opposite one another; the input windows are located behind the output windows at a distance sufficient to synchronize the movement of jets of propellant gases between the output and exhaust windows with the moment the impeller of the projectile passes by them;

An artillery and rifle complex for increasing the efficiency of throwing, including ammunition, the propelling part of which contains the main charge, and the projectile part contains a drive pallet assembly, equipped at the front with a drive washer with an obturator ring installed on it; the gun barrel is equipped with a twisting muzzle device; the driving pan assembly contains an impeller sleeve, externally equipped with longitudinal ribs, between which an additional propellant charge is located; The following are installed in the axial channel of the impeller liner: a sleeve with a projectile, a firing pin, a high impact charge, a fuse, and a plug; the twisting muzzle device is equipped with a muzzle brake, and/or a compensator, and/or an induction programmer and is made with a diameter of the inner muzzle of its barrel, starting from the exit windows, equal to or slightly larger than the caliber of the barrel; the thrown object is equipped with an impeller with longitudinal ribs installed behind it or on its surface, while the ribs of the impeller are made straight or twisted with a screw around the rod or sleeve of the impeller; the twist of the impeller ribs coincides with the direction of rotation received by the thrown object when passing through the twisting muzzle device, as well as with the direction of cutting the barrels of rifled barrel systems; the impeller and the thrown object are connected by means of a locking spring ring with a calibrated compression force, installed in an annular recess in the hole in the bottom of the thrown object, equipped with running splines, and an impeller rod, also equipped with external mating splines and an annular recess for the locking spring ring; the segmental bushing is fixed to the impeller sleeve by seaming; the projectile is made with an attached and/or surface impeller in the form of a bullet, armor-piercing, or shrapnel, or high-explosive, or fragmentation, or incendiary, or cumulative, or concrete-piercing, or smoke projectile, or a combination of types; the impact charge fuse is programmable via an induction and/or radio channel; the impeller sleeve is filled with high explosive; the impeller rod is equipped with straight running splines, attached at the rear to the thrown object and equipped with a channel for transmitting the fire of the propellant charge to the tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge in the thrown object; the striker is equipped with a fire-conducting channel for transmitting fire from the impact charge to a tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge in the thrown object; the impeller of the projectile or bullet is made detachable from the thrown object by pushing its rod out of the reciprocal hole in the bottom of the projectile or bullet by gases of a burning tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge in the thrown object; the additional charge is made in the form of briquettes installed between the impeller ribs, which are covered over it and the impeller ribs with combustible clamps installed in recesses made on the outer surface of the impeller ribs and additional charge briquettes, and/or the charge is not briquetted, and the projectile part of the shot is covered with combustible shell.

Terminology adopted in the invention:

- Forward, front - the direction towards the muzzle of the gun barrel or the twisting muzzle device.

- Back, rear - direction towards the breech of the gun.

- Projectile, thrown object - a device or means of destruction of manpower, materiel and fortifications of the enemy fired from a firearm, or an assembly of a leading pallet with a means of destruction, as well as a bullet, grenade, caliber or sub-caliber projectile.

- Ammunition - a cartridge of small arms and/or a shot of artillery pieces, with which the weapon is loaded in one or more stages.

- Drive pan (assembly) - a prefabricated projectile object designed to accelerate a sabot projectile, containing: a sleeve equipped with an impeller and a drive washer with an obturator ring, a plug, a firing pin, an armor-piercing sabot projectile, a high impact charge, a detonator, a fuse, and an additional charge.

The illustrations show:

Fig. 1. Longitudinal section of the projectile part of separately loaded ammunition with an armor-piercing sabot projectile for equipment with combustible clamps.

Fig. 2. Longitudinal section of the twisting muzzle device and diagram of the twisting of the tray with the projectile.

Fig. 3. Cross section of the muzzle device and projectile along section AA.

Fig. 4. Scheme of unitary ammunition.

Fig. 5. Longitudinal section of the twisting muzzle device and diagram of the twist of the bullet and/or projectile.

Fig. 6. Diagram of separation of a bullet and/or projectile with an impeller.

Fig. 7. Diagram of a cartridge for smooth-bore hunting weapons.

Fig. 8. Detailed assembly of the projectile part of the ammunition.

Fig. 9. Longitudinal section of the projectile part of separately loaded ammunition with an armor-piercing sabot projectile for equipment with a combustible casing.

Fig. 10. The projectile part of the separately loaded ammunition, equipped with a combustible casing.

Fig. 11. The projectile part of the separately loaded ammunition, equipped with combustible clamps.

The proposed Artillery-rifle complex for increasing the efficiency of throwing is intended primarily for firing caliber and/or sub-caliber armor-piercing non-finned projectiles from a smooth-bore tank gun, but can also be designed for high-explosive fragmentation incendiary caliber projectiles, and/or unitary ammunition for firing from smooth and/or rifled gun barrels, and the simplified design can be used for small smooth-bore or rifled combat and/or hunting weapons.

A tank shot of separate cartridge loading consists of a propellant (not shown) and a projectile part. The throwing part of the shot does not undergo any changes and is not considered in this description.

An artillery and rifle complex for increasing the efficiency of throwing, including ammunition, the propelling part of which contains the main charge, and the projectile part (Fig. 1, 8) contains a drive pallet assembly, which contains an impeller sleeve 9, in front equipped with a drive washer 4 with a sliding obturator installed on it leading ring 5, and externally equipped with longitudinal or twisted (helical) ribs of the impeller 12, between which there is an additional charge, briquettes 11 of which are covered with combustible clamps 13, which are installed in recesses 15 on the ribs 12 of the impeller, and/or a non-briquetted charge, covered combustible shell. Pressed into the axial channel of the cartridge case 9 is a segment plug 3 with a projectile 1 clamped into it, a firing pin 7, an impact high explosive charge 10, a detonator 14 with an electronic impact charge fuse 16, programmable via an induction and/or radio channel. The axial channel of the sleeve 9 is closed from behind by a radio-transparent plug 17.

The gun barrel is equipped with a twisting muzzle device 19 (Fig. 2), on which a muzzle brake 20, and/or a compensator 21, and/or a programmer 18 are equipped to activate the electronic fuse 16 of the high impact charge 10. The plug 3 is fixed by rolling 2. At the rear end A tracer 6 is installed in the projectile, for ignition of which a through channel 8 is equipped in the striker 7.

The armor-piercing sub-caliber projectile 1 (Fig. 1, 8) is equipped with a conical rear section for the purpose of its rapid release from the segment plug 3 when exposed to the impact of the striker 7, against which it rests without the possibility of deviation from the longitudinal axis. The rear part of the striker 7 is made conical in order to increase the contact area with the impact high explosive charge 10 installed behind it (for example, made on the basis of HMX or TNT), which perceives the impact-throwing effect of the charge 10 over a larger area and transmits it to a smaller area of the end of the projectile 1. The striker is equipped with a fire-conducting channel 8 to transfer ignition from the impact charge 10 to the tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge 6 in the thrown object. An electric detonator 14 and an electronic fuse 16 are inserted into the charge 10, which is installed in a radio-transparent plug 17, which, in turn, is fixed in the internal channel of the impeller sleeve 9.

The detailing of the drive tray assembly is shown in FIG. 8, and the assembled projectile part of the ammunition is shown in FIG. 1.

In fig. Figure 9 shows the propelling part of the separately loaded ammunition, equipped with a centering ring 53 (Fig. 9, 10) and a combustible shell 54.

The drive pan assembly, after the combustion of the additional propellant charge 11, can easily rotate around the longitudinal axis on the obturator sliding ring 5 in the twisting muzzle device (Fig. 2,3), centered in the gun barrel 27 and the muzzle device 19 by the ribs of the impeller 12 and the ring 53 (Fig. .9, 10).

The problem of obtaining the angular velocity of a thrown object is solved by equipping the gun barrel with a special twisting muzzle device (Fig. 2, 3), which spins the impeller 12 of the drive pan with cross tangential jets of propellant gases along arrows “b” and “c”.

The twisting muzzle device contains a barrel 19 (Fig. 2), equipped with at least two opposing pairs of inlet 26, 29 and outlet 22, 32 windows, connected by gas channels 25, 30 and installed at a distance L, which is selected so that the propellant gases from the input windows 26, 29 managed to overtake the projectile assembly and approach the output windows 22, 32 by the time the front part of the impeller 12 approached them. Opposite the output windows 22, 32 there are exhaust windows 23, 31 (Fig. 3). Propellant gases from the barrel 19 of the muzzle device are selected into at least two diametrically opposed input windows 26, 29 (Fig. 2) of the twisting muzzle device, and through at least two outer diametrically opposite channels 25, 30 are transported along the arrows " b" and "c" from the volume behind the bottom of the leading pan into the output windows 22, 32, directing gases to its impeller 12 and further into the exhaust windows 23, 31, and, as the impeller 12 of the leading pan moves along the barrel 19 along the output 22, 32 and exhaust windows 23, 31, its peripheral speed increases by influencing its impeller with 12 cross tangential jets of propellant gases moving along arrows “b” and “c” and rotating the pan with projectile 1 along arrow “a”. The propellant gases are taken from the inlet windows 26, 29 of the twisting muzzle device behind the bottom of the leading pan, and, since they do not need to push the pan, then they are ahead of its movement and redirected to the outlet windows 22, 32, where they meet the ribs of the impeller 12, passing along them tangentially, spin it and exit into the atmosphere through the opposite exhaust windows 23, 31 (Fig. 2, 3). The impeller can be equipped with twisted (helical) ribs, which ensures its rotation with less braking of the ribs on the air when flying out of the barrel and moving to a safe distance for the explosion of the high explosive charge. The twist of the ribs of the impeller 12 must coincide with the direction of rotation received by the thrown object when passing through the twisting muzzle device, as well as with the direction of cutting the barrels of rifled barrel systems.

The twisting muzzle device may be additionally equipped with a muzzle brake 20, and/or a compensator 21, and/or an induction and/or radio programmer 18, or any other device, wherein at least one pair of muzzle brake braking planes 20 are installed, for example, in front of the exhaust windows 23, 31.

“Exhausted” propellant gases exiting through the outlet windows 22, 32 (Fig. 2, 3) of the twisting muzzle device following the thrown object, spin the ribs 12 and the leading pan, and then, exiting the exhaust windows 31, 23, are reflected from the planes of the muzzle brake 20, thereby weakening the recoil and the bright fire flash behind the muzzle device barrel. To compensate for the torque acting on the gun barrel from the tangential exit of gases from the exhaust ports 23, 31, compensators are provided - ridges 21 installed on the muzzle brake planes 20, reflecting from which the exhaust gases stop the torque.

It is possible to design a twisting muzzle device with a diameter D2 of the barrel 19 slightly larger than the caliber _D1 of the barrel 27 of the gun, i.e. D ₂ ≥D ₁ , (or the diameters can be equal) - this is necessary so that the thrown object is less decelerated against the walls of the barrel 19 of the muzzle device during rotation. In this case, the thrown object (pallet, and/or projectile, and/or bullet) will rotate with less friction against the walls of the barrel 19 of the twisting muzzle device, so it can be equipped with an obturator ring 5 without ensuring its sliding, which simplifies its design.

When the impeller 12 passes through the twisting muzzle device, the leading pallet receives a high angular velocity, and the electronic fuse 16 of the high impact charge 10 receives a command from the induction and/or radio programmer to fire it. After the pallet assembly flies away to a distance safe for the gun, the impact charge 10 is detonated and transmits the impact-throwing impulse to the projectile 1.

The programmer 18 of the fuse 16 can be made in any form, for example, contain an inductance coil, and under the plug 17 in the tail part of the leading pallet there is a receiving coil to which a pulse is applied, data from the coil is transmitted to a programmable electronic fuse 16 containing a high-precision electronic timer, counting down the time for detonating the shock charge 10 at a distance safe for the gun.

Programmer 18 can also be used to ensure the trajectory detonation of a projectile when firing shrapnel or fragmentation, including anti-aircraft, projectiles, which, in combination with large values of centrifugal forces arising from super-twisting of the projectile, will give additional power to the flying fragments and increases the radius of the sphere of destruction, which important, for example, for defeating a “swarm” or single small unmanned aerial vehicles.

The ammunition works as follows.

When the main propellant charge is ignited in the propellant part of the shot, the fire force immediately ignites all the briquettes 11 of the additional propellant charge in the projectile part of the shot. The expansion of the propellant gases causes the entire drive pan assembly to move forward toward the muzzle twister 19.

When the impeller 12 of the drive pan assembly passes under the action of cross jets of propellant gases passing between the output windows 22, 32 (Fig. 3) and the exhaust windows 23, 31 along arrows “b” and “c”, it spins up along arrow “a”, in this case, the gas pressure in the barrel 27 drops, and the peripheral speed of the driving pan increases.

A twist muzzle device can also be used on rifled barrels, and the twist of the projectile in the barrel must coincide with the direction of spin in the muzzle device. Achieving high linear speed can be achieved by using a high-impact charge fired on an external ballistic trajectory.

After the leading pallet leaves the muzzle twisting device, the detonator 14 from the fuse 16 initiates the impact charge 10 at a safe distance from the gun. But at short firing distances, it is possible to turn off the programmer 18 to issue a command to detonate on the trajectory, so the detonation of the impact charge 10 can be carried out when it hits the armor in order to enhance the penetrating effect of the solid-state element of the projectile in the armor, while the electronic fuse 16 must have an inertial element.

When the impact high explosive charge 10 is triggered, which hits the striker 7 and transmits the impulse to the rear end of the projectile 1, it also ignites the tracer 6 by transmitting fire through channel 8, and knocks the projectile 1 out of the plug 3, which receives a speed increase from the “hard "explosive shock wave and propellant action of high explosive charge 10. After the explosion of charge 10, the impeller sleeve 9 is destroyed into fragments, which scatter around under the influence of centrifugal forces, and projectile 1 begins to move towards the target with high linear and angular velocities.

1. The diameter of the high explosive cartridge of impact charge 10 must be above the critical value to ensure stable detonation of the charge. The presence of shell 9 is equivalent to an increase in the critical diameter of the explosive in impact charge 10. Therefore, shell 9 noticeably increases the detonation speed, and the effect of the shell is determined primarily by its mass and not by its strength. Accordingly, lead shells are more effective than iron shells. The durable shell 9 of the shock charge 10, by restraining the spread of detonation products in the chemical reaction zone, makes it possible to reduce the critical diameter of the explosive charge, that is, to ensure a stable detonation with smaller charge diameters.

The thrown object can be a bullet, or a sabot, or a caliber projectile, equipped with an attached or surface impeller.

The projectile part of a unitary or cap-loading shot is constructed in a similar way.

Unitary loading ammunition contains a similar projectile part, fixed in the muzzle of a cartridge case filled with the main propellant charge.

The subsidence of the projectile 1 into the internal channel of the cartridge case 9 when fired is stopped by the conical seat of the rear part of the projectile 1 and the taper of the (three-four) sectional plug 3, abutting the cone of the front part of the cartridge case 9. The firing pin 7 is held by resting against the shoulders of the smaller internal diameter of the cartridge case 9.

During the ignition of the propellant charge, the gases of which tightly compress the sleeve 9 of the leading pallet, the plug 3 with the projectile 1 and the impact charge 10, which allows them to spin together with the leading pallet without rotating the projectile 1 in the leading pallet.

The rotation of the projectile 1 with the leading pallet in the barrel 19 of the twisting muzzle device reduces the disturbances that would be possible when leaving the divided pallet, and experienced by the projectile along the trajectory in the process of discarding the segments of the leading pallet, which, in turn, reduces the nutation (axial oscillation) of the projectile 1, which provokes an “incorrect” angle of approach to the armor plate. “Short” projectile 1, accelerated to high speeds and spun to super-rotation, devoid of feathers, is not subject to bending, thermal erosion, or breakage of stabilizer feathers, which makes it possible to reduce the drop in speed at maximum range, improve flatness, increase shooting accuracy and the likelihood of hitting a target.

Compensation for the rarefaction wave that occurs when projectile 1 moves in the atmosphere, as well as additional acceleration of projectile 1 along the trajectory, can be provided by the outflow of combustion products of tracer charge 5 located at the rear end of projectile 1, ignition of which occurs when the impact charge 10 is detonated, the fire force of which is transmitted to the tracer 6 along the axial channel 8 of the striker 7.

The proposed throwing scheme provides a significant increase in performance characteristics without increasing the recoil of the barrel and achieving a high projectile speed on an external ballistic trajectory with given restrictions on the pressure in the gun barrel and overloading the leading pallet with the projectile due to the high impact charge 10, the detonation of which is carried out outside the gun barrel . Comparison of this system with the classical method of acceleration allows us to expect an increase in the speed of the projectile thrown 1.

This throwing pattern can also be applied to hand-held combat and/or hunting firearms, because the use of a smooth barrel in special combat weapons and a twisting muzzle device gives high damaging capabilities to the bullet, which will provide a number of advantages over rifled barrels: increased bullet speed, therefore, better flatness, increased striking distance, simplified barrel manufacturing technology, increased bullet power at penetration of armor plates of personal protective equipment, increased accuracy, reliable destruction of manpower, etc.

Bullet 33 (Fig. 4) of such ammunition has great variability in design and involves many schemes for its construction. In order not to increase the caliber of the barrel in order to avoid increasing the recoil force, one of the design options is a design for a rifled and/or smooth barrel, in which the bottom part of the steel core 34 of the bullet 33 is equipped with a hole 41 (Fig. 6) with straight running splines that interact with the counter splines slots on the rod 36 in the front part of the rod 40. The rod 36 of the impeller 38 is equipped with channels 37, 39 for transmitting fire to a tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge in the thrown object, while the channels 37, 39 are filled with a pyrotechnic mixture with a slow burn, to allow the bullet-impeller assembly to exit the barrel connected. The rod 36 in the hole 41 is secured by latching by means of a spring ring 44 with a calibrated compression force entering the recess 43 on the rod 36. After the tracer 35 ignites, the rod 36 is pushed out of the hole 41 by the gases of the charge 35 after the muzzle device 19 leaves the barrel, leading to the repulsion of the rod 40 with an impeller 38 from the bullet 33, freeing the latter to fly along the trajectory.

The bottom hole 41 in the core of the bullet 34 is intended to accommodate a charge in it: a tracer 35, and/or an incendiary or gas-generating composition, and the supply of fire force to it is carried out through a channel 39 connecting the charge 35 with a cartridge case filled with gunpowder 41 (Fig. 4) 42. The ignited charge 35 with its gases pushes the impeller out of the bullet.

The impeller consists of a star-shaped profile with a central rod 40 on which blades 38 are mounted.

The rod 36 inserted and fixed in hole 41 firmly holds the bullet-impeller assembly in the ammunition casing, because the rear part of the ribs of the impeller 38 rests against the bottom of the sleeve 42 (Fig. 4), and the front rests against the bullet 33, rolled up in the barrel of the sleeve 42. The spring locking ring 44 in the hole 45 prevents premature separation of the bullet 33 and the rod 40 of the impeller 38 during linear or rotating movement along a smooth or rifled barrel of a weapon 27, because the bullet 33 and the rod 40 are deprived of the possibility of separation before the charge 35 is ignited.

The speed of twist of the bullet 33 and/or projectile can be reduced by reducing the working surfaces of the ribs of the impeller 38 and/or reducing the flow area of the outlet windows 22, 32 of the twisting muzzle device.

The twisting muzzle device can also be used to twist caliber bullets made according to the design with a rear-attached impeller, similar to the ammunition shown in Fig. 6, 7, 8 - fragmentation, high-explosive, incendiary artillery shells equipped with an ejectable caliber impeller, and/or bullets, hand-held firearms with the same ejectable caliber impeller, and/or hunting weapons, with an impeller on the bullet (Fig. 7) . For a cumulative projectile, an impeller is not installed, because it, devoid of an impeller, receives slight rotation from the action of propellant gases on the smooth body of the projectile in a twisting muzzle device. Therefore, the twisting muzzle device does not require dismantling when firing any projectiles. At the same time, to fire conventional fragmentation, high-explosive, incendiary and other projectiles, it is necessary to replace the above-caliber stabilizers with a caliber impeller of a certain length. The thrown object is equipped with an impeller with longitudinal ribs installed behind it or on it.

In fig. 5 shows the passage of a bullet 33 with an impeller 38 through a twisting muzzle device, in which the impeller 38 is acted upon after the bullet 33 passes through the exit and exhaust windows of the twisting muzzle device 19, while also the caliber D ₂ of the twisting muzzle device may be slightly larger than the caliber of the barrel D ₁ .

Shooting from a twisting muzzle device can be carried out with turbine-type hunting bullets 42 (Fig. 7), having ribs 43 on the outer surface, for example, for hunting weapons - these can be Mayer, Brenneke, Cheditte, Gualandi, Gualbo and others bullets. In this case, the location of the outlet windows 22, 32 (Fig. 2, 5) for twisting the bullet 42 in the twisting muzzle device should, predominantly, coincide with the direction of inclination of the aerodynamic ribs 43 on the bullet 42 for twisting in the same direction.

Hunting bullets also have a wide variety of designs for shooting from weapons equipped with a twisting muzzle device. In this case, the cylindrical surface of the bullet 42 can be equipped with at least three ribs 43 - longitudinal or inclined (helical) to the longitudinal axis of the bullet, forming an impeller, or a detachable impeller is installed behind the bullet. Typically, such a hunting cartridge contains 44 wads, a 45 seal, a 46 powder charge, a 47 sleeve, and a 48 percussion capsule. The bullet does not need a stabilizer. Such a bullet has design prerequisites for increased range and accuracy; it will not be prone to ricochet due to high gyroscopic stabilization. Stopping power and lethal effect will also be increased, because a high supply of rotational energy will create a deep wound channel.

To enhance the resistance of the impeller and/or bullet elements to the thermal and mechanical effects of propellant gases, the ribs of the impeller and/or pan, and/or the bullet can be coated with a protective and/or heat-resistant compound (for example, ceramic), and/or a heat-resistant alloy, and /or spraying, and/or made of a durable composition that can withstand the impulse and temperature of the propellant gases in the twisting muzzle device.

Methods of operation of the muzzle device and throwing.

A method for twisting a projectile when fired from a firearm barrel equipped with a twisting muzzle device 19, which contains a section of the barrel equipped with at least two external gas channels 25, 30, each channel is connected to inlet 26, 29 and outlet windows 22, 32 , equipped in the barrel 19 of the muzzle device, and opposite the output windows 22, 32 in the barrel of the muzzle device, exhaust windows 23, 31 are equipped, and the output windows 22, 32 and exhaust windows 23, 31 are installed tangentially to the bore 19 of the muzzle device. The thrown object is equipped with impeller ribs. Propellant gases from the barrel 19 of the muzzle device are selected into the input windows 26, 29 from the volume behind the bottom of the moving projectile and transport them to the output windows 22, 32 and, further, to the open exhaust windows 23, 31, synchronizing the moment of passage of the propellant gases through the outlet windows 22, 32 into the exhaust windows 23, 31 with the moment the thrown object and/or its impeller 12 passes along them, the impeller 12 of the thrown object is untwisted by tangential jets of propellant gases in the opposite direction.

A method of throwing an armor-piercing sabot projectile from a gun barrel equipped with a muzzle twisting device installed in the drive pan assembly in the propellant part of the shot, throwing is organized by initiating the main propellant charge, the gases of which accelerate the drive pan assembly in the barrel 27, in the central internal channel 9 of which behind the sabot projectile 1, a striker 7 and an impact high explosive charge 10 are installed, which is equipped with a fuse 16. The leading pallet is equipped with longitudinal ribs of the impeller 12, between which briquettes 11 of an additional propellant charge are placed, and they are secured with combustible clamps 13, which are installed around the briquettes 11 and the ribs of the impeller 12 (Fig. . eleven). It is possible to design the projectile part of the shot with a combustible shell 52 (Fig. 9, 10). The muzzle end of the gun barrel is equipped with a twisting muzzle device 19, during which the projectile is overcome by twisting the latter, bringing it onto an external ballistic trajectory and detonating the impact high explosive charge 10, which increases the speed of throwing the projectile.

A method of throwing an object from the barrel of a firearm, characterized by the fact that the impeller 38 (Fig. 4, 5, 6) is installed behind the thrown object 33, while overcoming the twisting muzzle device 19, the impeller 38 with the thrown object 33 is spun by cross tangential jets of propellant gases, they are brought to an external ballistic trajectory, the tracer 35, or incendiary, or gas-generating charge is ignited, the gases of which push the impeller 38 out of the thrown object.

The claimed methods are aimed at obtaining the highest possible muzzle linear and circumferential velocities of the thrown object.

The above throwing methods and diagrams of the twisting muzzle device and ammunition are shown in principle and are a general illustration, which has great variability in the specific execution of parts, assemblies, mechanisms and/or the sequence of their operation, and for specific purposes of use. The shown diagrams and principles of operation are not a limitation for the use of other technical solutions that can be used in practice without violating the main idea of the invention.

Claims (19)

1. A method for twisting a thrown object when firing from the barrel of a firearm equipped with a twisting muzzle device, which contains a section of the barrel equipped with at least two external gas channels, each channel is connected to inlet and outlet windows equipped in the barrel of the muzzle device, and opposite the outlet windows in the barrel of the muzzle device are equipped with exhaust windows, and the outlet and exhaust windows are installed tangentially to the bore of the muzzle device, characterized by the fact that the thrown object is equipped with impeller ribs; propellant gases from the barrel of the muzzle device are selected into the input windows from the volume behind the bottom of the moving projectile and transported to the exit windows and then into the open exhaust windows, while synchronizing the moment of passage of the propellant gases through the outlet windows into the exhaust windows with the moment of passage of the projectile along them and/or its impellers, spin the impeller of the thrown object with tangential jets of propellant gases in the opposite direction. 2. A method of throwing an armor-piercing sabot projectile from a gun barrel equipped with a muzzle twisting device installed in the drive pan assembly in the propellant part of the shot; throwing is organized by initiating a propellant charge, the gases of which accelerate the drive pan assembly in the barrel, characterized in that in the central internal channel of the assembly behind the leading pallet, a firing pin and a high impact charge are installed behind the sub-caliber projectile, which is equipped with a fuse; the driving pan is equipped with longitudinal ribs of the impeller, between which an additional propellant charge is placed; the muzzle end of the gun barrel is equipped with a twisting muzzle device, during which the thrown object is overcome by the thrown object, brought to an external ballistic trajectory and detonated by the impact high explosive charge. 3. A method of throwing a projectile from the barrel of a firearm, characterized by the fact that the impeller is separated from the projectile and installed behind it, during which the impeller with the projectile is untwisted with cross tangential jets of propellant gases, bringing them to an external ballistic trajectory. , ignite a tracer, or incendiary, or gas-generating charge, the gases of which push the impeller out of the thrown object. 4. A twisting muzzle device, characterized in that it contains a barrel equipped with at least two external gas channels connecting the inlet and outlet windows in each channel; exhaust windows are located opposite the outlet windows, and the outlet and exhaust windows are located tangentially to the barrel channel opposite one to another; the input windows are located behind the output windows at a distance sufficient to synchronize the movement of jets of propellant gases between the output and exhaust windows with the moment the impeller of the propelled object passes by them. 5. An artillery-infantry complex for increasing the efficiency of throwing, including ammunition, the propelling part of which contains the main charge, and the projectile part contains an assembly of the drive pan, equipped in front with a drive washer with an obturator ring installed on it, characterized in that the gun barrel is equipped with a twisting muzzle device; the driving pan assembly contains an impeller sleeve, externally equipped with longitudinal ribs, between which an additional propellant charge is located; The following are installed in the axial channel of the impeller liner: a sleeve with a projectile, a firing pin, a high impact charge, a fuse, and a plug. 6. A twisting muzzle device according to claim 4, characterized in that it is equipped with a muzzle brake, and/or a compensator, and/or an induction programmer. 7. The twisting muzzle device according to claim 4, characterized in that it is made with a diameter of the inner muzzle of its barrel, starting from the exit windows, equal to or greater than the caliber of the barrel. 8. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the thrown object is equipped with an impeller with longitudinal ribs installed behind it or on it. 9. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the impeller and the thrown object are connected by means of a locking spring ring with a calibrated compression force, installed in an annular recess in the hole in the bottom of the thrown object, equipped with running splines, and an impeller rod, also equipped with external counter splines and an annular recess for a retaining spring ring. 10. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the three-segment sleeve is fixed in the impeller sleeve by seaming. 11. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the projectile is made in the form of an armor-piercing, or shrapnel, or high-explosive, or fragmentation, or incendiary, or cumulative, or concrete-piercing, or smoke projectile, or a combination of types. 12. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the impact charge fuse is electronic. 13. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the projectile is made with an attached and/or surface impeller in the form of a bullet, armor-piercing, or shrapnel, or high-explosive, or fragmentation, or incendiary, or cumulative, or concrete-piercing, or smoke projectile, or in a combination of types. 14. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the fuse of the impact charge is programmable via an induction and/or radio channel. 15. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the impeller sleeve is filled with a high explosive. 16. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the impeller rod is equipped with straight running splines, is attached to the rear of the thrown object and is equipped with a channel for transmitting the fire of the propellant charge to the tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge in the thrown object. 17. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the striker is equipped with a fire-conducting channel for transmitting fire from the strike charge to a tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge in the thrown object. 18. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the impeller of the projectile or bullet is made detachable from the thrown object by pushing its rod out of the reciprocal hole in the bottom of the projectile or bullet by gases of a burning tracer and/or incendiary or gas-generating charge in the thrown object. 19. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional charge is made in the form of briquettes installed between the impeller ribs, which are covered over it and the impeller ribs with combustible clamps installed in recesses made on the outer surface of the impeller ribs and additional charge briquettes, and /or the charge is not briquetted, and the projectile part of the shot is covered with a combustible shell.