RU2368864C1 - Fragmenting-beam projectile "posvizd" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to ammunition with axial directed field of destruction. Missile comprises body with set of missile units serially installed along axis of projectile, every of which comprises charge of explosive substance and set of ready destructive elements laid on its end surface inverted to head of projectile. Missile units are fixed in body of projectile, besides distance between them does not exceed 0.8 of missile unit diametre.

EFFECT: increased destructive action of projectile.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to fragmentation shells with an axial directional destruction field, designed to protect the tank.

The survival of a modern tank on the battlefield is determined mainly by its ability to combat anti-tank weapons (infantry armed with grenade launchers, in open areas, in trenches and on reverse slopes, anti-tank systems, anti-tank guns, helicopters and anti-tank anti-tank vehicles, etc.). The most inaccessible and therefore dangerous for tanks are targets located in trenches and on reverse slopes. Preliminary estimates of the probability of hitting these tank-dangerous targets with monoblock shells to a tank gun showed that, with an average projectile speed of 750 ... 800 m / s, a predetermined range of 10 ... 30 meters, the standard deviation of the response time of a temporary fuse should not exceed 0.001 s. According to experts, the creation of a fire control system with such indicators in the coming years is unlikely. Some way out of this situation can be considered an increase in the fragmentation field density due to the use of tandem-type shells.

Known guided projectiles of the tandem type, containing two warheads, sequentially located on the axis of the projectile [1]. The disadvantage of this design is the insufficiently productive use of explosive charge energy.

A known projectile (prototype) [2], comprising a housing with a set of throwing blocks successively arranged along the axis of the projectile, each of which contains a charge of explosive and a set of ready-made striking elements laid on its end surface facing the projectile head. The projectile is made with the possibility of expanding the blocks without separating them from the projectile, for which it is equipped with a hollow axial beam, throwing blocks are made with an axial channel having a section corresponding to the section of the beam. Before detonation, the blocks move apart along the beam. At the front ends of the blocks, layers of finished damaging elements (GGE) are laid. When blocks are blown up, the total axial flow of the GGE is formed, and in this case, in accordance with the principle of the active mass of the explosive charge of KP Stanyukovich, the fullest possible use of the energy of explosive charges when ejecting blocks is ensured.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the complexity of the design, including moving joints, and lack of reliability, expressed in the possibility of failures when firing.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to create a projectile with guaranteed axial fragmentation, hit the target with an axial flow of finished striking elements and simplify the design.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to increase the reliability of the action.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known fragmentation-beam projectile, comprising a housing with a set of throwing blocks successively arranged along the axis of the projectile, each of which contains an explosive charge and placed on its end surface facing the projectile head, ready striking elements, according to the invention, the throwing blocks are fixedly mounted in the shell of the projectile, and the distance between them exceeds 0.8 of the diameter of the block.

The fixed connection of the throwing blocks with the housing and the condition (in relation to the ratio between the diameter of the block and the distance between the blocks) guarantee that the target is hit by the axial flow of the finished striking elements even without reaching the requirement of the standard deviation of the time of operation of the temporary fuse of 0.001 s. So, for example, a projectile diving at a target can hit hard-to-reach targets located in trenches and on reverse slopes. For ammunition with a hinged trajectory (long-range guns, aircraft bombs, barrels, multiple launch rocket systems, etc.), the threshold in terms of the standard deviation of the response time of a temporary fuse is significantly lower than for shells for a tank gun.

In an advantageous embodiment, to enhance the fragmentation effect (claim 2 of the formula) along the side surface of an empty compartment located between the throwing blocks, ready-made striking elements are laid.

In an embodiment, to increase the reliability of the projectile (claim 3 of the formula), the empty compartment between the throwing blocks is filled with low-density material, for example, foam.

In the embodiment (claim 4 of the formula), the compartment located between the throwing blocks is evacuated.

In the embodiment (claim 5 of the formula), the finished striking elements of the throwing blocks differ in density, shape, weight.

In the embodiment (claim 6 of the formula), the GGE of the throwing units differ in the form of laying.

In the embodiment (claim 7 of the formula), the finished striking elements are made in a form ensuring their tight packing.

Significance of the signs: throwing blocks are fixed in the housing motionless, which ensures reliability and simplification of the design, and the distance between the throwing blocks l should correspond to the ratio l> 0.8d, where d is the diameter of the block. Provided that this ratio is fulfilled, there is no mutual influence of the detonation products of one block on the reliability and efficiency of the other (rear), therefore, the safety of the block is ensured, that is, its operability.

The specified combination of features can eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

In the preferred embodiment (claim 2 of the formula), the significance of the additional set of new features is explained by the fact that the lateral surface of the empty compartment located between the throwing blocks is used for laying the GGE and their inclusion in the axial flow created by the throwing blocks, which enhances the axial fragmentation effect.

In the particular case of execution (claim 3 of the formula), the low-density foam material does not impede the passage of the finished striking elements towards the target when the shell is detonated and at the same time weakens the voltage pulse to the ready-made striking elements of the rear block

In the embodiment (claim 4 of the formula), there is no effect of an air shock wave on the set of GGEs of the adjacent (rear) propelling unit. This increases the reliability and efficiency of the projectile.

In an embodiment (claim 5 of the formula), advantages can be used (claim 3.4 of the formula).

In the embodiment (claim 6 of the formula), a change in the shape of the stacking affects the flux density and the area of damage as a whole, while the mass and volume of the payload can remain unchanged.

In the embodiment (claim 7 of the formula), the significance of the additional set of new features is explained by the fact that there are no unproductive expenditures of explosive energy for changing the shape of the GGE.

The set of essential features is necessary and sufficient to achieve the necessary technical result.

The proposed invention is unknown from reliable sources of information of the prior art and is industrially applicable for mass production of fragmentation-beam shells, that is, meets the criteria of patentability.

The invention is illustrated by specific examples, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the implementation of the achievement of a new set of features, which is stable in nature, creating the effect of the sum as a new technical result obtained when using the projectile according to the invention.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 - General diagram of the projectile;

figure 2 - a shell with a different form of laying GGE in blocks;

figure 3 is a variant of the computational domain;

figure 4 - distribution of mass velocity in the interacting blocks.

The projectile diagram is presented in figure 1. The projectile consists of a housing 1, in the rear of which there is a jet engine 2. The control compartment 3 adjacent to the engine is equipped with (aerodynamic) rudders 4.

Throwing blocks 5 are placed in front of the projectile (Fig. 1 shows a design with two blocks) of the same diameter (d). Each throwing unit 5 contains a housing 6 with a charge of explosive 7, a detonator 8 and a layer of GGE 9 laid on the end surface of the explosive charge. The side surface of the empty compartment located between the throwing blocks contains a layer of GGE 10. In the front of the projectile there are expanding wings 11 and a head fairing 12. In order to increase the flux density of the striking elements with the same mass and payload, the projectile (fragmentation block) scheme as illustrated in FIG. 2, may be modified. The projectile is as follows.

A laser range finder (not shown in the drawing) determines the distance to the target, an on-board calculator (not shown in the drawing) calculates flight time, an automatic installer (not shown in the drawing) introduces a temporary installation into the fuse (not shown in the drawing). Then the projectile is ejected from the launch tube, the rudders and wings are opened by spring devices. At a certain distance from the muzzle end of the pipe 6 ... 7 meters, the control compartment turns on the engine and the projectile begins to gain the necessary speed, approaching the target. At the moment the projectile approaches the target at an anticipated distance, the fuse gives a command to synchronously detonate the throwing blocks 5. As a result of this, the total axial fragmentation stream of the GGE is formed, which ensures the destruction of the target. In this case, the GGE of the annular layer 10 receive a negligible radial velocity, which ensures their inclusion in the axial flow.

In the event of an explosion, in principle, the action of PD and fragments of the front block 5 on the GGE layer 9 of the rear block with its destruction (fracture pressure) is possible. The circuit includes two throwing units (front and rear), placed in a common shell.

Two-dimensional computer simulation in an integrated Delphi environment in figure 3. The calculation domain at the time t = 13.9 μs is illustrated. Here, 1.2 arrays of striking elements of the front and rear fragmentation (throwing) blocks are marked with numbers 1,2. The calculation was carried out for the source data indicated in figure 3. The process of synchronous throwing of two blocks (front and rear diagrams) located in a common shell is illustrated. The flow of detonation products (PD) from the front throwing unit acted on the rear unit and shifted it even before the speed message to the damaging elements of the rear unit. Figure 4 illustrates the distribution of the axial u and radial v components of the mass velocity. As you can see, the mass speed of the GGE set of the rear block is significantly lower than that of the front.

The schemes illustrated in figures 1, 2, are mainly intended for ammunition that experience low overload when firing or launching (guided and unguided missiles, aerial bombs, grenade launchers, recoilless grenades ...). Based on the fact that the maximum permissible level of overloads for real structures should not exceed 1000, from the point of view of sufficient strength, it is desirable to use nanotechnology for the manufacture of the body wall.

We show (qualitatively and quantitatively) the relationship (which must be taken into account in the design) between the diameter of the block d and the air gap between the blocks 1. On the one hand, for a given diameter of a thin-walled block and a charge length L equal to the limit (the active mass of the charge is maximum), the length and diameter of the block are connected by a simple relationship:

On the other hand, the time on the process of exposure to the main part of the pulse from the charge on the GGE should be less than the time of exposure to an air shock wave. It should be noted that a weak effect of excessive pressure in air on frameless structures and with a light metal frame already occurs at a critical overpressure Δp _k = 20 ... 30 kPa [3]. All this indicates the necessity of taking into account the ratio between the required length of the air gap (primarily through the detonation velocity and the velocity of the shock wave in the air gap) during the design of the projectile and the charge length. Previously, the ratio of geometric dimensions was calculated on the basis of Riemann invariants in the unilateral explosion problem. A more accurate calculation was carried out on the basis of the experimental data in the range of parameters of possible materials and explosives (taking into account additional conditions, including the fact that upon expiration of PD condensed by "explosive - air", the form of the equation for pressure depends on the pressure level) and indicates the need for restrictions when determining the size of the air gap in the form of:

l> 0.8d.

The impact of PD on the HPE of the rear block will decrease when foam is introduced into the air gap, and if the intermediate compartment (gap) between the blocks is evacuated, then the impact of the PD is further weakened, since exposure to an air shock wave is eliminated.

Each throwing unit, in the scheme of figures 1, 2, makes a certain contribution to the required total fragmentation lesion field. Therefore, by changing the density, shape or mass of the GGE, as well as changing the shape of the stacking kit, you can reduce the unproductive use of explosive charge energy and increase the reliability of the munition.

Thus, the possibility of using the present invention to create a projectile with throwing blocks is illustrated.

Information sources

1. RF patent №2251069.

2. RF patent No. 2247929 (prototype).

3. Explosion Physics / Ed. L.P. Orlenko. - 3rd ed., Amended, - in 2 volumes. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2004 .-- 1488 p.

Claims (7)

1. A fragmentation-beam projectile containing a body with a set of throwing blocks successively arranged along the axis of the projectile, each of which contains a charge of explosive with a set of ready-made striking elements laid on its end surface facing the head of the projectile, characterized in that the throwing blocks are motionless fixed in the shell of the projectile, while the distance between the throwing blocks exceeds 0.8 diameter of the throwing block. 2. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that between the throwing blocks there is an empty compartment, on the lateral surface of which ready-made striking elements are laid. 3. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that between the throwing blocks is a compartment filled with low-density material, such as foam. 4. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that a vacuum compartment is located between the throwing blocks. 5. The projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the finished striking elements of the throwing blocks are made with different density, shape and weight. 6. The projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the throwing blocks are made with various forms of laying ready-made striking elements. 7. The projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made in a shape that ensures their tight packing.

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