RU2158408C1 - Method and device (ammunition) for destruction of ground and air targets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cluster ammunition. SUBSTANCE: ejection of the cluster of ready-made hitting components is accomplished separately from blasting of the high-explosive warhead. Provision is made for varying the time interval between the above actions, depending on the conditions of use. Ejection of the cluster of ready-made hitting components is accomplished at an approach of ammunition to the target by means of a charge-driven separation device, and the high-explosive warhead is blasted at a fall of the ammunition on the ground or at the instant of fly by the target. Provision is made for designs of ammunition for ejection of ready-made hitting components in the direction of flight, opposite the direction of flight and in radial directions. EFFECT: enhanced hitting power and universality. 20 cl, 14 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ammunition technology, and more specifically to methods of hitting targets by the combined action of the axial flow of finished striking elements (GGE) and a circular field of fragments of natural fragmentation of the hull.

 Known designs of shells containing a housing located in its internal cavity block GGE with expelling powder charge and an explosive device for destruction of the housing, the detonator of which is connected to the igniter of the powder charge through the deceleration element. At a given point in the trajectory, the GGE block is ejected forward from the body in the direction of projectile movement with an expelling charge, and then the body is destroyed using an explosive destruction device. In the design described in US patent N 2304060, the explosive device is made in the form of a tubular explosive charge (BB), located between the housing and the block GGE. In design by Ross. patent N 2079099 explosive device made in the form of a metal tube with a charge of explosives located along the axis of the projectile.

 The first main drawback of the proposed structures stems from the adopted layout of the explosive destruction device in the volume occupied by the GGE block. The device occupies an insignificant part of the cross section of the projectile chamber and, as a result, has a small explosive charge mass, which leads to unsatisfactory crushing of the body with the formation of a small number of large fragments having a low expansion velocity, i.e. to the actual absence of a full-fledged radial lesion field. Due to the small mass of the explosive charge, the compression effect (the action of the air shock wave and detonation products) and the high-explosive effect in the ground sharply decrease.

 The second fundamental drawback is the rigid fixation of the time interval between the ejection of the GGE block and the destruction of the destruction device, which significantly reduces the functionality of the munition.

 The objective of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

 The technical solution consists in the following actions are carried out to destroy ground or air targets: eject a block of ready-to-use striking elements from an ammunition using a pyrotechnic device when the ammunition approaches the target at a predetermined distance from it and subsequent detonation of the explosive charge with a fragmentation shell explosive with a fragmentation shell and the GGE unit are placed along the axis of the munition sequentially and separated by a pyrotechnic device, while undermining at a given moment after the ammunition falls to the ground or at the moment of passing by the target, and the moment of flight is determined by calculation, or using a non-contact or command device, while ensuring the optimal amount of time between the moments of the release of the GGE block and the detonation of the warhead.

 The moment of ejection of the GGE block and the moment of detonation are determined by the device controlling the action of the ammunition taking into account the conditions of its meeting with the goal, for example, the angle between the directions of flight of the ammunition and the target, their speeds, etc.

 The GGE block is ejected at a certain distance from the target using a temporary, non-contact or command fuse.

 The explosive charge of the ammunition is made with a mass that ensures the destruction of the target by fragmentation and compression action when undermining at the moment of passing by the target or by a high-explosive action when the ammunition penetrates into the ground.

 The ejection of a block of finished striking elements is carried out in the direction of flight.

 The block is ejected against the direction of flight.

 The block is ejected in radial directions.

 The block is ejected using a propelling (pushing) powder charge.

 The block is ejected using a solid propellant engine.

 Ready striking elements of the block are made with the possibility of hitting the frontal projection of the target, and fragments of natural or predetermined crushing of the warhead, or its finished striking elements are made with the possibility of hitting the upper or side projections of the target.

 The munition contains a housing with an explosive charge with a fragmentation shell and a block of ready-made striking elements equipped with a pyrotechnic ejection device, while the explosive charge with a fragmentation shell (high-explosive fragmentation warhead) and a block of finished striking elements with a pyrotechnic separation device with their sequential arrangement along the munition axes are separated from each other, the warhead is made with the possibility of obtaining a full circular fragmentation field, compression and penetrate e-explosive action, the munition is equipped with an action control device that provides the optimal amount of time between the moments of ejection of a block of finished striking elements and the detonation of the warhead, depending on the conditions of use of the munition, the projectile is capable of ejecting a GPE block in the direction of flight, against the direction of flight or radial directions.

 When counting from the bottom of the ammunition to his head, a block of finished striking elements is located in front of a high-explosive fragmentation warhead.

 A block of finished striking elements is located behind the warhead.

 The pyrotechnic separation device is made in the form of a propelling (pushing) powder charge.

 The pyrotechnic separation device is made in the form of a solid propellant engine.

 The trajectory fuse of the pyrotechnic separation device has a temporary, non-contact or command execution.

 A high-explosive fragmentation fuse is equipped with a striking mechanism with three settings for instant (fragmentation), inertial (high-explosive) and slow (high-explosive) actions, the trajectory detonation device has a temporary, non-contact or command execution.

 Finished damaging elements are made of steel or a heavy alloy, for example, based on tungsten or uranium and have a compact or arrow-shaped shape.

 A block of ready-to-use striking elements is located in the middle compartment of the ammunition between its front and rear parts connected by an axial rod of round or shaped section, and the unit separation unit contains two half-cylinders and an elastic fur containing pyrotechnic charge inside.

 The warhead contains a set of rods of circular or square cross section made of steel or heavy alloys, for example, based on tungsten or uranium and laid on the surface of the explosive charge at an angle to the generatrix.

When the ammunition speed V _BP and the speed of the GGE unit relative to the center of mass V _{B, the} initial velocity of the GGE V _О is:
when throwing forward: V _О = V _BP + V _B
when throwing back: V _О = V _BP - V _B
when throwing sideways: V _О ≈ V _BP
Since the magnitude of V _{B is} usually small (less than 100 m / s), this method of destruction is acceptable mainly either in the presence of a high intrinsic velocity of the ammunition V _BP , for example, for shells of tank guns when firing at ranges of up to 2 km or for high-speed hypersonic missiles, or when firing at targets approaching at high speed.

 Graphic images are presented in FIG. 1-14: FIG. 1,2,3 - the application of the method of destruction when acting on ground targets; FIG. 4 - application of the method of destruction when acting on air targets; FIG. 5 - calculation of deceleration taking into account the meridional angle of a circular fragmentation field; FIG. 6-11 - examples of the implementation of devices (ammunition); FIG. 12 is an embodiment of a projectile for a smoothbore tank gun; FIG. 13 is a diagram of the input installations in the fuse; FIG. 14 - the mechanism of lateral ejection of the GGE.

 In FIG. 1, 2, 3 shows the application of the method of destruction when operating on ground targets (Fig. 1 - ammunition with the release of the GGE forward, the target on the surface, the installation of the fuse for instant (fragmentation) action; Fig. 2 - ammunition with the emission of the GGE sideways, the target on the surface, the operation of the warhead at a given deceleration; Fig. 3 - ammunition with the release of the GGE back, the target in the trench, setting the fuse to slow (high-explosive) action. The GGE block is ejected at a height H above the ground, which is provided by a temporary fuse, a non-contact fuse such as an altimeter or a command from the place of firing. In the case shown in FIG. 1, the target is struck by the combined effect of the axial flow of the GGE and the circular field of the fragments of the warhead of the ammunition, the first affecting the upper projection of the target, and the second - side projections. In the case shown in FIG. 2, the axial flow and the circular field affect both the upper and side projections of the target. In the case shown in Fig. 3, the target in the trench is affected by the combined action of the top axial flow of the GGE and the explosive charge of the explosive charge in the ground, due to which the trench is blocked. In all cases, the main advantage of this method of destruction over the usual fragmentation rupture on the surface of the earth is the possibility of hitting targets in trenches, passages, debris, on reverse slopes, in armored personnel carriers open from above, etc.

 In FIG. 4 presents the application of the proposed method of destruction for hitting air targets (ammunition with the ejection of the block forward, the meeting of the target and ammunition at parallel courses). The GGE block is ejected at a distance U from the target. The distance U, as well as the height H when acting on ground targets, is assigned according to the condition of the maximum probability of hitting the target. Methods for calculating the optimal value of U are described in V.A. Odintsova "Axial Action Designs", MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 1996. Blasting the fragmentation warhead at a miss is carried out either at a given deceleration, or with the help of a command or non-contact fuse. In the latter case, it is advisable to use the same non-contact fuse, both for ejecting the GGE block (in the “rangefinder” version) and for undermining the warhead on a miss in the target zone (fuse with a conical firing surface).

,
где U - дальность выброса блока ГПЭ;
R - средний промах;
φ′ - - угол наклона медианы осколочного поля в динамике;
V_БП - скорость боеприпаса (см. также фиг.5).The required deceleration of detonation t in the case of a stationary target is determined by the formula:

,
where U is the ejection range of the GGE block;
R is the average miss;
φ ′ - is the angle of the median of the fragmentation field in the dynamics;
V _BP - the speed of the ammunition (see also figure 5).

 If there is a device in the control system for determining the expected miss value R, it can be made with the possibility of adjusting the value of U.

 The combined effect of the GGE block and warhead on an air target, along with the defeat of its various projections, can lead to the emergence of new cumulative effects. An example is the intensive destruction of thin-walled aerodynamic panels of aircraft due to the axial flow of HPE multiple damage to the panels, which are the centers of destruction, followed by the destruction of the weakened panels by the compression action of the explosive charge of the warhead. Another example is the intensification of the action of the GGE block when executed in the form of incendiary elements. When the block is thrown back, the GGE approaches the target later than fragments of the warhead. In this case, fragments of the warhead pierce the fuel tanks and ensure the outflow of fuel into the atmosphere with the formation of a vapor-air mixture, and later suitable incendiary gas-emitting explosives cause it to ignite.

 In some cases, especially for ammunition with a front GPE block, it is advisable to undermine the warhead without first separating the GPE block, i.e. implement the regime of simultaneous formation of axial and circular fields, characteristic of a projectile according to patent N 2018779 of the Russian Federation. This option is most effective when firing at ground ground targets. Due to the impact of the explosion pulse of the explosive charge on the GGE unit, the rate of its ejection increases, which leads to an increase in the depth of damage with the axial flow. For this option, the introduction of a bottom detonation assembly into the structure is desirable.

 Examples of devices (ammunition) for implementing the proposed method of destruction are shown in FIG. 6-11. In general, the munition contains a high-explosive fragmentation warhead 1, a ready-made striking unit 2, a pyrotechnic separation unit for the GGE unit in the form of a propellant (ejection) powder charge 3 or in the form of a solid propellant rocket engine 4, a fuse 5 with an action control device, a solid propellant rocket engine 6, homing head 7, control compartment 8 with rudders 9, wings (stabilizers) 10.

 The layout of the ammunition with the front location of the GGE block (forward ejection) is shown in FIG. 6,7, diagrams with the rear arrangement of the GGE block (with ejection back) - in FIG. 8,9, 10, a diagram with an average arrangement of the block (with a side discharge) - in FIG. 11. Emission (separation of the block) is carried out using a propelling (pushing) powder charge 3 (Fig. 6, 8, 10, 11) or using a solid-propellant rocket engine 4 (Fig. 7.9). In FIG. 6-9 show various designs of shells; in FIG. 10 is an example of a guided missile, for example an anti-aircraft or aviation missile, with a rod warhead; in FIG. 11 - the execution of an unguided missile, including an MLRS shell (multiple launch rocket system), NAR (unguided aircraft missiles), etc.

The advantage of the schemes with the front location of the GGE block (with the GGE ejecting forward) is the increase in the initial GGE speed by V _B (see above). Another advantage manifested for non-rotating shells stabilized by plumage is the forward displacement of the center of mass of the projectile due to the presence of a heavy mass of the GGE block in the head of the projectile, which leads to an increase in the aerodynamic stability of the projectile. The disadvantage of the front-mounted GGE block is the crushing inertial effects of the heavy GGE block on the explosive charge during firing. In schemes with a middle and rear arrangement of the GGE block, the streamlined shape of the head part, including the full-living with centering protrusions (pylons), is much easier to constructively provide.

 An embodiment of a specific projectile with a front GPE block for a smoothbore tank gun is shown in FIG. 12. High-explosive fragmentation warhead 1 has a housing 11, in the internal cavity of which a charge of explosive 12 with a detonator 13 is placed. The rear end of the sleeve 14 is supported by the end ledge of the housing. The sleeve is made with a detachable connection to the housing. In the inner cavity of the sleeve, closed by a diaphragm 15, resting on an annular ledge of the sleeve, a propellant powder charge 3 is placed. The diaphragm is in contact with a block of ready-made striking elements 2 made of steel or heavy alloys, for example, based on tungsten or uranium, compact or elongated shape (in this case, the GGE of a spherical shape is shown). The head cap 16, filled with a low-density filler, for example, polyurethane foam, contains a temporary fuse 5 in front of it with a head contact assembly 17 and a command receiver 18. A central tube 19 is located along the axis of the projectile, connecting the temporary fuse 5 with the fuse of the warhead pyrotechnically or electrically. 20, also containing igniter 21 and located between the igniter and detonator 3, a moderator 22. In the bottom of the projectile is placed a stabilizer 23 with feathers opening 24. The system control of the tank fire includes a laser range finder, ballistic computer and automatic fuse installer.

 The input to the fuse of the installation in the form of action and temporary installation is done before the shot, for example, using coded electrical signals supplied through the contact group 25 of the funnel of the installer 26, which is pushed onto the head of the projectile on the loading path (Fig.13).

The projectile is multifunctional and, in the version equipped with a shock-remote detonation system, allows implementing 8 types of actions:
A. With the release of the GGE block
1) Trajectory break after a set time after separation of the unit.

 2) Shock ground rupture of the warhead with installation on instant (fragmentation) action.

 3) Impact ground break with installation on inertial (high-explosive) action.

 4) Impact ground discontinuity with installation on slow (penetrating high-explosive) action.

B. Without separation of the GGE block
5) Trajectory gap.

 6) Impact ground discontinuity with installation on fragmentation action.

 7) Impact ground discontinuity with installation on high-explosive fragmentation.

 8) Shock ground discontinuity with installation on penetrating high explosive action.

 Estimates of the generalized effectiveness of manpower destruction in an open area, in a trench and in a structure showed that the proposed projectile has a stable advantage over all 3 known types of tank projectiles for this purpose - a conventional high-explosive fragmentation projectile with a ground and trajectory gap, fragmentation-beam fragmentation projectile according to patent N 2018779RF and powder shrapnel with swept damaging elements.

 In FIG. 14 shows a diagram of the operation of a radial ejection device GGE for a missile of FIG. 11. The shell of the GGE block is composed of a floor of cylinders 27. An elastic fur 29 is placed on a rod 28 of circular or shaped cross-section, containing a pyrotechnic charge Z inside. A design of a similar type is described in British Patent Notification N226624A.

 The proposed method of defeat allows you to significantly expand the range of targets and the conditions in which they are defeated. The method can be implemented in a wide range of weapon systems, including artillery shells and missile barrels, MLRS shells, guided missiles, including anti-aircraft and aviation, unguided missiles, aerial bombs, cluster-based combat missiles of MLRS and tactical missiles, etc. Prospects for the application of the method and devices (ammunition) for its implementation will expand with the growth of ammunition speeds and targets, primarily in such areas as the fight against hypersonic aircraft, including anti-ship bubbled with cruise missiles.

The following are the characteristic parameters of the axial flow of the GGE for a high-speed munition, for example, for a supersonic guided missile. With a block mass of 3 kg and a GGE mass of 5 g, the number of GGEs will be 600. When the block is ejected at a distance of 20 m from the target with a dynamic angle of half-stream of 5 ^{o, the} radius of the affected circle is 1.74 m, the area of the circle is 9.5 m ² , the density of the GGE - 63 1 / m ² . At a relative velocity of GGE approaching the target of 2000 m / s, the total kinetic energy of the flow will be 6 MJ, and the specific energy per unit cross-sectional area of the flow will be 0.63 MJ / m ² . This level ensures confident destruction of the aircraft glider, and when the stream enters the fuel tanks, their destruction due to water hammer.

Claims (20)

 1. A method of hitting ground or air targets, which includes the following set of actions: ejecting a block of ready-to-use striking elements (GGE) from an ammunition using a pyrotechnic device when the ammunition approaches the target at a predetermined distance from it and subsequent detonation of the explosive charge with a fragmentation shell, characterized in that the explosive charge with a fragmentation shell and the GGE unit are placed along the axis of the munition sequentially and separated by a pyrotechnic device, while undermining at a given moment after the ammunition falls to the ground or at the moment of passing by the target, and the moment of flight is determined by calculation, or using a non-contact or command device, while ensuring the optimal amount of time between the moments of the release of the GGE block and the detonation of the warhead.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moment of ejection of the GGE block and the moment of detonation are determined by the device for controlling the action of the ammunition, taking into account the conditions of its meeting with the goal, for example, of the angle between the directions of flight of the ammunition and the target, their speeds, etc.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the GGE block is ejected at a certain distance from the target using a temporary, non-contact or command fuse.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive charge of the ammunition is made with a mass that ensures the destruction of the target by fragmentation and compression action when detonating at the moment of passing by the target or explosive action when the ammunition penetrates into the ground.  5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ejection of a block of finished striking elements is carried out in the direction of flight.  6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the block is ejected against the direction of flight.  7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the block is ejected in radial directions.  8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the block is ejected using a propellant powder charge.  9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the block is ejected using a solid propellant engine.  10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the finished striking elements of the block are made with the possibility of hitting the frontal projection of the target, and fragments of natural or predetermined crushing of the warhead or its finished striking elements are made with the possibility of hitting the upper or side projections of the target.  11. Ammunition containing a shell with a charge of explosive with a fragmentation shell and a block of finished striking elements equipped with a pyrotechnic ejection device, characterized in that the charge of explosive with a fragmentation shell (high-explosive fragmentation warhead) and a block of finished striking elements with a pyrotechnic separation device in series their location along the axis of the ammunition is separated from each other, the warhead is made with the possibility of obtaining a full circular fragmentation field, compress of a penetrating and high-explosive action, the munition is equipped with an action control device that provides an optimal amount of time between the moments of ejection of a block of ready-to-use striking elements and the detonation of a warhead, depending on the conditions of use of the munition, the projectile is capable of ejecting a GPE block in the direction of flight, against the direction of flight or in radial directions.  12. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that when counting from the bottom of the ammunition to his head, a block of ready-to-use striking elements is located in front of the high-explosive fragmentation warhead.  13. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the block of finished striking elements is located behind the warhead.  14. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the pyrotechnic separation device is made in the form of a propellant powder charge.  15. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the pyrotechnic separation device is made in the form of a solid-fuel jet engine.  16. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the trajectory fuse of the pyrotechnic separation device has a temporary, non-contact or command execution.  17. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the fuse of a high-explosive fragmentation warhead is equipped with a striking mechanism with three settings for instant (fragmentation), inertial (high-explosive) and delayed (high-explosive) actions, the trajectory detonation device has a temporary, non-contact or team execution.  18. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made of steel or a heavy alloy, for example, based on tungsten or uranium, and have a compact or swept shape.  19. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the block of finished striking elements is located in the middle compartment of the ammunition between its front and rear parts connected by an axial rod of circular or shaped section, and the unit separation device contains two half-cylinders and elastic fur, containing pyrotechnic inside charge.  20. The ammunition according to claim 11, characterized in that the warhead contains a set of rods of round or square section made of steel or heavy alloys, for example, based on tungsten or uranium, and laid on the surface of the explosive charge at an angle to the generatrix.

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