RU2750774C1 - Cumulative high-explosive combat charging compartment of universal small-sized torpedo - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military technology.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of military technology and can be used in combat charging compartments (CCC) universal small-sized torpedoes (UST), designed to destroy surface and underwater targets, and attacking enemy torpedoes. CCC UST has a combined explosive charge, which consists of three coaxially located explosive compositions, a conical shaped-charge lining and an inert lens. The central charge is made of a pressed blasting compound with a mass of 3 to 10 percent of the total mass of charges, the middle charge is made of a cast explosive composition, a charge with a mass of 22 to 40 percent of the total mass of charges, the peripheral charge is made of a high-explosive explosive composition with a mass of 50 up to 75 percent of the total mass of charges. Casting high-explosive composition contains 16-24% of octogene, 29-32% of aluminum powder, 32-37% of ammonium perchlorate and 15-18% of a mixture of LD-70 with an acrylic copolymer. In the front part of the hull of the combat charging compartment, a conical shaped-charge lining with a cone opening angle of 65-75 degrees, with a thickness of 0.02-0.035 of the lining diameter, is fixed. From the side of the central charge, the lining has a coaxial cylindrical protrusion with a length and diameter of 0.025-0.05 times the diameter of the lining, and on the opposite side has a coaxial spherical recess with a radius of 0.025-0.05 times the diameter of the lining. The central charge is located coaxially to the facing and is distant from it at a distance of 0.25-0.4 from the diameter of the central charge. From the side of the facing, an inert lens in the form of a truncated cone adjoins the central charge with a base diameter equal to the central charge diameter, 0.15-0.25 height from the central charge diameter, with a cone opening angle along the generatrix of 100-120 degrees. The medium charge adjoins the cladding and fills the body along its entire length. The peripheral charge fills the space between the case and the medium charge.EFFECT: combination of a sufficiently high level of high-explosive and cumulative action of CCC during an underwater explosion.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment and can be used in combat charging compartments (BZO) universal small-sized torpedoes (UMT), designed to destroy surface and underwater targets, and attacking enemy torpedoes (in anti-torpedo mode).

For small-sized torpedoes, due to restrictions on the size and weight of the BZO, the high-explosive power of the BZO charge is limited and insufficient to hit most surface and underwater targets on a miss. With a direct hit on a large-sized target, the use of a cumulative action charge makes it possible to penetrate the hull of all known surface and underwater targets (a sufficiently high level of armor penetration) with a sufficiently high over-the-counter damaging effect. When using UMT in anti-torpedo mode, the probability of a direct hit on the target is low due to the relatively small size of the target, therefore the cumulative effect is ineffective. At the same time, due to the relatively low strength of small-sized targets, their remote engagement is effectively enough provided by a high-explosive action. Combining a high level of high-explosive and cumulative action is a complex technical challenge. It should be noted that the effectiveness of the cumulative action on the target is complicated by the presence of an instrumental (hydroacoustic) compartment in front of the BZO.

The search for technical solutions, carried out according to domestic and foreign sources, revealed the following close analogs of the proposed invention.

Known technical solution for US patent No. 3742859, publ. 07/03/1973, F42B 1/00, according to which an explosive charge containing concentrically arranged layers of explosives is protected, in which the central charge has a detonation velocity lower than the external one. In the concept of the action of such a charge, an external, more blasting explosive ensures the penetration of the obstacle (the side of the target), and the increase in the damaging effect behind the obstacle is provided by the high-explosive effect of the explosive composition (BC). If, with contact firing, such a mechanism for affecting the target can still be considered, then when triggered on a miss (in the anti-torpedo mode) its effectiveness will be lower than for a homogeneous high-explosive charge, since the blasting action is effectively realized only upon contact with the target.

In most of the known modern explosive compositions with an increased heat of explosive transformation, an increase in the high-explosive effect is achieved by introducing a large amount of high-energy combustible additives (usually finely dispersed aluminum) into their composition. The detonation speed in these aircraft is significantly reduced due to the fact that most of the additional energy release due to the reaction of these additives occurs after the completion of the detonation process. As a result, in the near zone, the intensity of the high-explosive action decreases, and in the far zone it increases due to heat release during the combustion of combustible additives in air oxygen and, partially, in the detonation products of aircraft with a positive oxygen balance. For warheads that are fired in an environment where oxygen is practically absent (under water or in dense soil), oxygen-containing components (usually ammonium perchlorate) are introduced into the aircraft, which, practically without participating in the detonation transformation process, significantly increase the efficiency of secondary energy release for by providing faster and more complete combustion of combustible additives. This principle is the basis for the well-known technical solutions for patents GB No. 1411912, publ. 10/29/1975, F42B 1/00, F42B 12/20 and US No. 5852256, publ. 12/22/1998, F42B 12/20, according to which the central part of the two-layer combined charge is made of aircraft with a higher detonation velocity compared to the outer layer made of high-explosive aircraft. In this case, an increase in the high-explosive effect is achieved by triggering the outer layer of the aircraft in the over-compressed detonation mode, in which the detonation speed of the external charge, and, consequently, its high-explosive effect, increases.

These technical solutions are aimed at increasing the exclusively high-explosive action of the ammunition and do not ensure the implementation of the sufficient penetrating action inherent in charges with cumulative linings.

Known technical solutions for patents DE No. 2553191, publ. 06/02/1977, F42B 1/024 and DE No. 2901500, publ. 11/29/1979, F42B 1/032, according to which the warheads have cumulative linings that are highly effective in terms of lethality, but have a limited high-explosive effect. The use of explosive compositions with a high high-explosive effect in shaped charges is impractical, since an increase in the high-explosive effect is, as a rule, provided by the introduction of combustible components into the aircraft, for example, aluminum powder, which leads to a decrease in the detonation velocity and, accordingly, to a decrease in the limiting thickness of the barrier penetration.

Known technical solution for patent RU No. 2215978, publ. November 10, 2003, F42B 12/10, according to which the high-explosive cumulative warhead consists of a profiled cumulative lining in the form of a spherical segment with a thickening in the central part, a rear charge made of a high-explosive metallized aircraft, inside which the central charge from the high-explosive aircraft is concentrically located, contacting with the end face with a thickening on the lining, and a front bursting charge from the blasting aircraft, adjacent to the lining along its entire spherical surface.

According to the technical essence, coinciding features and the achieved result, this charge design is the closest analogue and is adopted as a prototype.

This prototype has the following disadvantages:

- The warhead is designed exclusively for joint high-explosive-cumulative impact on the target in the air using oxygen in the air for a more complete combustion of fuel additives of the aircraft;

- the location of the layers of different high-explosives perpendicular to the axis of the product does not allow the reaction products of the high-speed high-speed high-speed air to effectively participate in the oxidation of unreacted reaction products of the high-explosive metallized air, because they detonate in time sequentially.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the cumulative-high-explosive action of the BZO UMT by increasing the limiting thickness of penetration of obstacles through the use of a conical shaped-charge lining and the high-explosive action of a combined charge consisting of several layers of aircraft.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, consists in combining a sufficiently high level of high-explosive and cumulative action of BZO during an underwater explosion.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed invention:

- the charge, placed inside the body of the warhead, is made in combination, consisting of three coaxially located different charges - central, middle and peripheral;

- a central charge with a mass of 3% to 10% of the total mass of charges, made of a pressed blasting composition, for example, okfol-3.5;

- an average charge with a mass of 22% to 40% of the total mass of charges, made of a cast blasting explosive composition, consisting, for example, of HMX (82% - 85%) and a mixture of LD-70 with an acrylic copolymer (15% - 18% );

- a peripheral charge with a mass from 50% to 75% of the total mass of charges is made of a cast composition with an increased high-explosive effect based on HMX (~ 16 - 24%), aluminum powder (~ 29 - 32%), ammonium perchlorate (~ 32 37%), and mixtures of LD-70 with acrylic copolymer (~ 15 - 18%);

- a conical cumulative lining, for example, made of mild steel or copper, with a cone opening angle of about 65 - 75 degrees, with a thickness of ~ (0.02 - 0.035) × D _region , where D _region is the diameter of the lining, is coaxially fixed in the front part of the BZO body ; on the side of the central charge, the lining has a coaxial cylindrical protrusion with a length and diameter of ~ (0.025 - 0.05) × D _region , and on the opposite side, a coaxial spherical sample with a radius of ~ (0.025 - 0.05) × D _region ;

- the central charge is located at a distance of ~ (0.25 - 0.4) × D _cs , where D _cs is the diameter of the central charge - from the cylindrical protrusion of the lining,

- from the side of the facing, an inert lens adjoins the central charge, for example, made of fluoroplastic or textolite, made in the form of a truncated cone with a base diameter equal to the diameter of the central charge, a height of ~ (0.15 - 0.25) × D _cz , and an opening angle a cone along the generatrix of about 100 - 120 degrees;

- the average charge adjoins the cladding and fills the body along its entire length;

- the peripheral charge fills the space between the case and the medium charge.

The initiation of the central charge is carried out from the end opposite the cladding.

Distinctive features in a stable relationship of the entire set of essential features allowed:

- to provide the required high-explosive impulse level for hitting a small-sized target due to the use of a peripheral high-explosive explosive composition with a high content of metallic fuel and oxidizer in the combined charge;

- to provide a sufficiently high level of armor penetration during contact action on the target - due to the use of a high explosive composition in a combined charge;

- to reduce the impact on the level of armor penetration of the presence of the equipment compartment and the spread of conditions at the meeting point with the goal - due to the formation of a compact low-gradient cumulative jet, which is achieved by using a low-profile (65 ° ˗75 °) conical cumulative lining in combination with a cylindrical protrusion and a spherical selection on the lining , as well as an inert lens on a central charge.

According to the results of the analysis of the prior art, no analogues have been identified that have a set of features similar to the claimed solution, therefore, it can be considered that the claimed high-explosive combat charging compartment of a universal small-sized torpedo is new and has a sufficient inventive level. Each of the above essential features is necessary, and their combination is sufficient to achieve the novelty of the quality of a new effect that is not inherent in features in their disunity.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by a drawing, which shows a diagram of the UMT BZO.

In the BZO body 1 there is a conical cumulative lining 2, which has a spherical recess 3 and a cylindrical protrusion 4 from the side of the central charge. The combined charge consists of a central charge 5, an average charge 6 and a peripheral charge 7. A detonator 8 is located on the rear side of the central charge, an inert lens 9 is located at the end of the central charge facing the cladding.

The central charge is made of a pressed composition based on HMX. The middle charge is made of cast blasting explosive composition. The peripheral charge is made of a cast explosive composition with an increased high-explosive effect.

Conical shaped lining is made of mild steel or copper.

The inert lens is made of, for example, fluoroplastic.

BZO UMT operates as follows. When the UMT approaches the target, the fuse is triggered, initiating the BZO detonator. The fuse is triggered either on contact with the target, and then the target is hit by the combined action of the cumulative jet, detonation products penetrating into the resulting hole in the hull, and the shock wave pulse, or, in the event of a miss, remotely - only by a high-explosive action.

When detonated, the cladding is affected by the detonation products of the central and medium charge, which determines the effective formation of a cumulative jet. Due to the lower detonation velocity, the peripheral high-explosive charge does not directly participate in the shell acceleration and jet formation; however, it significantly increases the efficiency of the central and middle charges, limiting the pressure drop in the detonation products due to the outflow of detonation products. On the other hand, a higher detonation velocity of the central and average charges causes the mode of overcompressed detonation of the peripheral charge and the redistribution of the pressure profile of the detonation products predominantly in the radial direction, which increases the efficiency of the high-explosive action.

Despite the fact that the use of a low-profile (with an opening angle of 65 ° ˗75 °) conical cumulative lining reduces the speed and maximum depth of penetration of the obstacle, in comparison with linings with a smaller opening angle of the cone, a more compact cumulative jet formed when the charge of the BZO is detonated according to the proposed technical solution, - it is less triggered when passing the equipment compartment located in front of the BZO, has a larger diameter and a total impulse of action after overcoming the equipment compartment, which allows you to significantly increase the diameter of the punched hole and, accordingly, increase the degree of target destruction. At the same time, as shown by numerical calculations and experimental studies, the available margin for the maximum thickness of penetration of obstacles makes it possible to hit test targets in a wide range of meeting conditions.

In the complex, a combined charge and a low-profile conical lining provide a multifactorial effect on targets, allowing the use of UMT for both large-sized and small-sized targets.

The conducted tests of the experimental layouts of the UMT BZO, in which the proposed technical solution was used, confirmed the effective defeat of the target simulators, both by cumulative and high-explosive action.

Claims (1)

A shaped-charge high-explosive combat charging compartment of a universal small-sized torpedo, containing a body, a combined explosive charge from coaxially located charges, having a shaped-charge lining, characterized in that the combined explosive charge consists of three charges - central, middle and peripheral, the central charge is made of pressed blasting composition with a mass of 3 to 10 percent of the total mass of charges, an average charge with a mass of 22 to 40 percent of the total mass of charges is made of a cast high-explosive composition, a peripheral charge with a mass of 50 to 75 percent of the total mass of charges is made of a cast high-explosive composition, containing 16 - 24% HMX, 29 - 32% aluminum powder, 32 - 37% ammonium perchlorate and 15 - 18% mixture of LD-70 with acrylic copolymer, a conical cumulative lining with a cone angle of 65˗ is fixed in the front part of the hull of the combat charging compartment 75 degrees, with a thickness (0.02-0.035) of the diameter of the cladding; from the side of the central charge, the cladding has a coaxial cylindrical protrusion with a length and diameter (0.025 - 0.05) of the diameter of the cladding, and on the opposite side has a coaxial spherical sample with a radius (0.025 - 0.05) of the diameter of the cladding, the central charge is located coaxially to the cladding and remote from it at a distance (0.25 - 0.4) from the diameter of the central charge, from the side of the facing to the central charge is adjoined by an inert lens in the form of a truncated cone with a base diameter equal to the diameter of the central charge, height (0.15 - 0.25 ) from the diameter of the central charge, with a cone opening angle along the generatrix of 100 - 120 degrees, the average charge adjoins the lining and fills the body along its entire length, the peripheral charge fills the space between the body and the average charge.

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