RU2514014C2 - Armour-piercer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to artillery ammunition, in particular, armour piercers for smooth-bore or rifled artillery systems of medium or heavy calibres of unitary, separate or bag loading. The armour piercer comprises explosive charges arranged as tandem with contact or non-contact blasting facilities. Upstream the main explosive charge and the leading explosive charge in the window from the head part of the body there is an armour-piercing core with the possibility of displacement. The main explosive charge is made in the form of a cumulative warhead. The leading explosive charge is made in the form of a blast warhead of directed action. In the bottom part on the body there is a stabiliser.

EFFECT: increased armour-piercing action of a projectile is achieved.

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Description

Description of the invention

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of ammunition and is the main artillery uncontrolled armor-piercing stabilized plumage projectile with a high-explosive-fragmentation-cumulative action with conventional (conventional) explosives with design options for medium, large and medium-sized tank and anti-tank, self-propelled, field and sea artillery fired from firing and rifled implements of unitary, separate-shell and cartridge-mounted loading. The projectile contains a caliber body with a chamber and an armor-piercing core. High-explosive and cumulative warheads are tandemly placed in the chamber. When acting on a target, a complex defeat occurs from the sequential action of combat units and the effective use of explosives.

The technical result is the defeat of modern armored vehicles, having the following means of protection and reservation:

- NDZ (mounted dynamic protection);

- VDZ (built-in dynamic protection);

- SAZ (active defense system), for example, Arena-E, Trophy, Iron Fist; "KAPS", "AWISS" and others;

- mounted rubber-fabric and trellised screens;

- combined booking;

- spaced reservation.

Tasks to be solved by the invention:

1. Increasing the firepower of tanks due to:

- overcoming with minimal damage existing and promising means of protection of armored vehicles, such as multi-tiered dynamic protection and SAZ;

- effective destruction in the side projection of armored vehicles with isolated fighting compartments;

effective destruction of armored vehicles of various degrees of booking (from a practically unprotected car to a tank);

- improving the accuracy of shooting and increasing the DDS.

2. Increasing the autonomy of the ACS.

3. Unification of shells for a large number of 120/125 and 152/155-mm artillery systems of tank, anti-tank, self-propelled, field and naval artillery of medium and large caliber.

4. Refusal to use anti-tank artillery in favor of arming with the proposed projectile of field systems.

State of the art

A high-explosive fragmentation projectile is known that represents a metal cylinder with an explosive and a fuse (see Latukhin A.N. God of War. M.: Young Guard, 1979. P.183).

Known cumulative projectile, representing a metal cylinder with an explosive, a cumulative funnel and fuse (see Latukhin A.N. God of War. M .: Young Guard, 1979. P.193).

Known sub-projectile, consisting of a body, fairing and core (see Latukhin A.N. God of War. M.: Young Guard, 1979. P.188; Baranyuk V.A. Artillery and missiles. Military Publishing, 1968. P.128- 129).

The following tandem artillery ammunition are known: NOT-2 (Fr, Ger), TOW-2 (USA) (High-precision weapons of foreign countries. Volume 1. Anti-tank missile systems. KBP: 2008), "Metis-M", shot to RPG PG- 7 BP and others. The indicated ammunition is ATGM or RPG grenades. In ATGMs and rocket-propelled grenades, there are no special problems in making a tandem warhead. The fundamental differences between shells and grenades, missiles and ATGMs are overloads during firing, features of firing an artillery gun in the barrel bore, hull thickness, dimensions of the projectile and warhead and, as a result, fundamentally different conditions for coordinating the actions of two warheads.

The closest analogue (prototype) to the product is an experimental cumulative shell of the Institute of Applied Physics OJSC (Weapons and Technologies of Russia. XXI Century. Encyclopedia. Volume 12. Ammunition and weapons. M., 2006.). Today it is the only shell known in the world with a tandem arrangement of two cumulative charges, providing the addition of penetration from each of the charges for tank artillery. An experienced cumulative projectile is designed to destroy armored vehicles equipped with built-in and mounted dynamic protection units. The main feature of the projectile is the tandem arrangement of two main cumulative charges, which increases armor penetration during their sequential action.

Disclosure of invention

Recently, armored vehicles and tanks have begun to use rubber-fabric and trellis screens to protect against cumulative ammunition, which, in particular, can be installed on top of NDZ, VDZ and in conjunction with the SAZ.

The use of screens reduces to zero the effectiveness of the leading charge of the tandem ammunition, and the presence of NDZ behind the screens reduces the effectiveness of the main charge to zero.

The use of two-tier NDZ according to the latest trends also reduces the effectiveness of this munition. Recent developments in the field of multi-tier NDZ (VDZ) can already quite effectively deal even with BPS (ZBM 42), both with high-speed and low-speed.

Weak and sensitive hulls and warheads of full-time cumulative (ZBK18M, ZBK29M) and high-explosive fragmentation (ZOF26) tank shells contribute to a close to 98% chance of destroying ammunition even when approaching a target equipped with SAZ. This is especially true for rocket-propelled grenades (PG-7 VR) and ATGMs (9M119 M).

In addition to building up armor and combining armored vehicle protection systems, the layout of combat compartments is also being addressed. It became frequent practice to isolate the fighting compartments from each other with armored partitions to prevent the simultaneous destruction of the entire crew in case of breaking through the armor. Usually there are three such squads (see Figure 2): command and control squad, combat squad, landing squad (valid for armored vehicles).

In the case of firing at such a target in the side (even the "bare" side - without additional means of protection, the directions are indicated in arrows in Figure 2), the defeat of the entire armored vehicle becomes extremely difficult. If the control compartment is defeated, mobility is lost, but the ability to return fire and land assaults remains. With the defeat of the airborne squad, mobility and firepower remain. If the fighting compartment is damaged, either mobility, landing, or all crew members are preserved, and only firepower is lost, because in modern armored vehicles the ammunition is protected from detonation and (or) is generally located outside the body of the armored vehicle in the combat module (also true for developed tanks).

To solve the case of defeat in the "bare" side, the consumption of standard shells will be at least: BPS - 3 shells, BCS - 3 shells, ATGM -2 shells, OFS - 2 shells. The obvious costs of time, money, the danger of maneuvering the target and the likelihood of a return fire; the need for the shell to have a high-explosive warhead.

Given that all of these armored vehicles are used, as a rule, together, the obvious disadvantages of all regular and promising (prototype) ammunition for tank artillery. It is also worth noting the prohibitively low (based on current requirements) DDS (range of actual firing) by cumulative shells.

The basis of the ammunition of modern tanks (the main ammunition) are BPS and OFS. The number of BCS in the ammunition is reduced due to their relatively high cost and low accuracy. In Russian tanks, the ammunition also includes ATGMs, the most expensive in the ammunition. Considering the example of tanks, we can conclude that such a diversity in the types of ammunition leads to a decrease in rate of fire due to the need to select shells, prolonged rotation of the conveyor and, accordingly, to complicate the loading mechanism (if any), increase labor intensity and increase the loading time of ammunition and complicate fire control systems. All this creates unnecessary difficulties for the tank crew.

A brief description of the layout. The implementation of the invention

The main design feature of the projectile, which makes it unique, is the combination of three warheads: armor-piercing (kinetic), high-explosive and cumulative.

The proposed projectile, see Figure 1, consists of the following main parts: armor-piercing core 2 with the ability to move, the leading high-explosive charge 25 and the main cumulative charge 16.

The shell of the projectile is made of two parts: the head 3 and the bottom 5. On the body there are: a driving belt 4, a centering thickening 6 and stabilizer blades 8. The wad 10 indicated in the figure 10 with a buffer disk 9 are designed to improve the obturation of powder gases, uniform transmission of translational motion the bottom of the projectile, increasing the leading base and preventing crushing of the stabilizer blades when fired.

Armor-piercing core consists of a ballistic tip 1, armor-piercing tip 27 and armor-piercing core 2. It is placed in a window in the head of the shell 3.

An armor-piercing core is designed to initiate a leading high-explosive charge and break through screens, dynamic protection elements and thin target armor.

The leading high-explosive charge 25 is located in the head of the housing 3. The main cumulative charge 16 is located in the bottom of the housing 5.

The leading high-explosive charge is designed to provide additional kinetic energy (acceleration) of the armor-piercing core, damage (removal, exposure of the armor of an armored vehicle or tank) of NDZ, VDZ, trellised and rubber-fabric screens, weapons, damage / incapacitation of nearby surveillance and reconnaissance equipment, penetration of thin and damage to the outer layers of thick armor due to energy and explosion products.

The main cumulative charge, slightly differing in its mass and size characteristics from the characteristics of a standard cumulative projectile, is designed to break through the main armor of tanks and armored vehicles.

To initiate charges behind the armor-piercing core 2 mounted fuse 26.

A flame tube 24 is brought to the fuse 26, on which the ring 23 rests. The ring 23 serves to protect the initiating charge 21, surrounded by safety rings 20 and 22.

Using the diaphragm 18 and the seal 19, the initiating charge 21 and the rings 20, 22, 23 are reliably pressed against the main charge 25.

The diaphragm 18 is pressed by the ring 17, which serves to isolate the main charge 16.

The cumulative funnel 15 rests on the cover 13 of the glass 11 of the initiating charge 7.

Gasket 14 isolates the main charge 16 from the initiating charge 7.

The kinetic effect of the projectile is achieved by the armor-piercing core, fragmentation - by crushing the body into fragments, high-explosive and cumulative - from the corresponding warheads.

Description of work when acting on a target (see figure 3)

1. Having overcome SAZ barrage fire (if any), lattice and rubber-fabric screens, the projectile moves along a trajectory close to the initial one until it collides with armor protection sufficient to transmit a braking impulse to an inertial contact fuse 26 (in the case of a lightly armored target) or selection of the gap between the fuse 26 and the bottom of the armor-piercing core 2 (in the case of a powerful reservation of the target).

2. In the case of poor reservation of the target, defeat (destruction) occurs from explosions of charges 25 and 16 (at least two of its compartments when firing on board).

In the case of a powerful reservation using dynamic protection, the following occurs:

- breaks the block / blocks of dynamic protection armor-piercing core 2 and the creation of an unprotected area in the contact zone;

- the ballistic tip collapses / collapses from impact on the hinged protection;

- armor-piercing core rests on thick (main) armor;

- the armor-piercing tip is crushed, which contributes to better biting of the projectile;

- on the armor-piercing core by inertia runs the shell of the shell, overcoming the force of friction;

- selects the gap between the fuse device mounted on the bottom of the armor-piercing core, and the initiating charge of the inertial contact fuse;

- there is a stab, the fuse is fired;

- the force of the flame through the fire channel is transmitted to the initiating charge of a high explosive charge, and then, with a small delay equal to the time of passage of the flame, to the initiating charge of the cumulative charge (it is possible to use a moderator);

- The initiating charge of a high-explosive warhead is triggered;

- there is a directed (along the axis of the projectile towards the target) explosion of a high explosive charge. Part of the energy of the explosion is transmitted to the fragments of the fragmented head part of the shell of the shell, part increases the energy of the armor-piercing core, part causes damage to the armor of the target. Explosion products create a favorable elastic medium for the armor-piercing core (high-pressure frame) and contribute to an increase in core survivability and, accordingly, armor penetration;

- penetration / damage of armor occurs with armor-piercing core 2, which received freedom and additional kinetic energy from an explosion of a high explosive charge 25;

- suppression of dynamic protection in the contact zone due to counter-explosion of a high-explosive warhead (in the event of a dynamic protection);

- removal of the remaining "harmful" elements of dynamic protection due to the explosion of a high-explosive warhead;

- damage / defeat of neighboring blocks of dynamic protection and damage to speakers of the main armor and falling into the zones of explosion and destructive action of fragments mounted and stationary blocks of dynamic protection, observation devices, equipment and weapons of the target, manpower of the enemy due to energy and explosion products (incandescent gases and fragments of the shell) high-explosive warhead;

- possible additional damage due to detonation of neighboring blocks of dynamic protection;

- The initiating charge of the cumulative warhead is triggered;

- there is an explosion of a cumulative warhead;

- penetration of a bare and damaged by a high-explosive charge explosion zone of the main armor of the target by a cumulative stream from an explosion of a cumulative warhead;

- the reserved volume is affected by the explosion products.

Consequently, the thick sturdy shell of the proposed projectile allows you to overcome the trellised and rubber-fabric screens and SAZ without any tangible consequences for its further action on the target. Moreover, it opens the possibility of using it as a concrete-piercing shell, which makes this shell universal (unified).

Also, the proposed projectile allows you to effectively hit on-board projection of armored vehicles with isolated fighting compartments of various degrees of reservation and overcome with minimal damage existing and advanced means of protection of armored vehicles, such as multi-tiered dynamic protection and SAZ.

The projectile fits into the dimensions of standard tank shells (length 670 mm, diameter 120/125 mm; ATGM length 9M119M 690 mm), which means that it can be used in all tanks in service.

A large centering base and the best aerodynamic characteristics in front of standard tank shells are designed to increase the accuracy and accuracy of the battle and increase the DDS.

This means that when armed with the proposed projectile, the firepower of tanks increases.

In the embodiment:

- for rifled systems, the expansion of the range of armed gun systems is achieved;

- complete with an adapter for use in a 130/137 mm caliber, the range of armed gun systems is expanded by marine systems;

- Assembled with an adapter for use in systems of 152/155 mm caliber, the range of armed gun systems is expanding;

- in the calibres 130/137 mm and 152/155 mm the range of armed gun systems expands and the power of the projectile increases;

- with a stabilizer with drop-down blades of increased area, an increase in accuracy is achieved, but with some losses in the firing range;

- with a tracer nut in the bottom, the possibilities for observing the results and adjusting the shooting are expanding;

with the bottom gas generator, the aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile improve and, accordingly, the firing range increases;

with a jet engine (active-jet) the aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile are improved and, accordingly, the firing range is increased;

- for systems with unitary loading, an expansion of the range of armed gun systems is achieved;

- with equipping with a non-contact fuse and an aerodynamic brake, the effectiveness of the target action is increased by increasing the angle of encounter with the armor (or even attack from above);

- equipped with an induction fuse in the bottom, even an unarmored target is defeated, and warheads will be detonated inside the target.

Therefore, the proposed projectile increases the autonomy of the field systems and self-propelled guns armed with it, and is a means of unifying ammunition for a large number of 120/125 and 152/155-mm systems of medium, large and large tank, anti-tank, self-propelled, field and sea artillery; in the future, it will allow abandoning anti-tank artillery, which is recognized by experts as unviable in modern combat (the target must be hit from the first shot, otherwise, especially if there are several targets, the calculation will most likely be destroyed).

The effectiveness of the projectile follows and is confirmed from the combination of the design features of the projectile and the known effectiveness of the action against the armored targets of its warheads.

All structural elements of the projectile are well-developed by the industry, therefore, the projectile is quite technologically advanced in production. The most expensive elements will be an armor-piercing core and a cumulative charge.

The fuse type used in the projectile is the simplest and cheapest of all existing fuse types. Even if you use the original fuse design, its implementation will not be costly.

The cumulative charge is made by analogy with the standard cumulative projectile, but with slightly smaller mass and size characteristics. Therefore, this should have a positive effect on reducing the cost of the projectile and slightly affect the efficiency of the charge.

To reduce production costs, it is proposed, for example, to use BCS housings and BPS armor-piercing cores to be disposed of. Then the proposed projectile will be much cheaper than ATGM, somewhat more expensive than full-time unguided shots, but in terms of its set of properties it will significantly exceed all of the specified ammunition by the criterion “efficiency-cost”.

Thus, the invention allows to solve the following problems.

1. Increase in the firepower of tanks due to the introduction of a projectile in the ammunition surpassing the standard in combat effectiveness, in particular providing:

- overcoming with minimal damage to existing and future means of protection of armored vehicles, such as multi-tiered dynamic protection and SAZ through a robust body and a leading charge of the tandem warhead;

- effective destruction of armored vehicles with isolated fighting compartments due to the penetrating action of the projectile and the combined effects of several combat units;

effective destruction of armored vehicles of various degrees of booking (from an almost unprotected car to a tank) due to the addition of penetration from each of the charges and properties of the fuse;

- improving the accuracy of shooting and increasing the DDS through a larger leading base and better aerodynamic characteristics.

2. Increasing the autonomy of the ACS due to the inclusion of the proposed projectile in their ammunition and, accordingly, expanding the capabilities in the fight against armored targets.

3. The unification of shells for a large number of 120/125 and 152/155-mm artillery systems of tank, anti-tank, self-propelled, field and naval artillery of medium and large calibers due to universality and design options.

4. Refusal to use anti-tank artillery in favor of the field systems armed with the proposed projectile due to their superiority in terms of the "cost-effectiveness" criterion.

Literature

1. Baranyuk V.A. Artillery and missiles. M .: Military Publishing House, 1968.

2. Latukhin A.N. God of War. M .: Young Guard, 1979.

3. Soviet military encyclopedia. Volume 1. M .: Military Publishing House, 1990.

4. Weapons and technology of Russia. XXI Century. Ammunition and weapons. Encyclopedia. Volume 12. 2006.

5. List of participants. Overview of products of VTTV-Omsk 99 participants: Institute of Applied Physics OJSC, 1999.

6. Rastopshin M. Technique and armament yesterday, today, tomorrow // Article / Technique and armament. M., 07.1998

7. Modern protection for armored vehicles, part 1, 2 // Article / Information-Internet portal Army-Guide.

8. Chobitok V. Fundamentals of the theory and history of the development of the layout of the tank // Article / Equipment and armament No. 4, 5, 7, 9, 10. M., 2004.

9. RF patent for the invention No. 2120103, IPC F42B 12/04. Armor-piercing shell / Shpilchin Ya.V. - No. 97108921/02; declared 05/27/97; publ. 10/10/98.

10. RF patent for the invention No. 2251654, IPC F42B12 / 04. Shell / Goryanin V.N. - No. 2003107556/02; declared 03/19/03; publ. 01/10/05.

Claims (1)

Armor-piercing projectile for smooth-bore and / or rifled artillery systems of medium and / or large-caliber unitary, separate-sleeve or cartridges loading, containing explosive charges in tandem placed in the chamber with contact or non-contact explosive devices, characterized in that before the main explosive charge in the form of a cumulative the warhead and the leading explosive charge in the form of a high-explosive directional warhead in the window in the head of the hull there is an armor-piercing core with the ability to move, and in the bottom of the the housing has a stabilizer.

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