RU2552404C1 - Armour-piercing ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: armour piercing ammunition includes case with propellant charge, and missile. Missile includes sectioned plastic tray bearing a pointed armour-piercing core out of high-strength and high-density material. Armour-piercing head length does not exceed 10d where d is the core diameter. The core features bottom gas generator with burning time equal to or exceeding armour-piercing core flight time for a maximum efficient distance.

EFFECT: simplified design of ammunition.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment, namely to small-caliber artillery ammunition deployed at lightly armored vehicles, but can be used in larger-caliber ammunition.

The famous South African full-caliber 155 mm artillery shell M2A, described in the Janes Ammunition Handbook, 2007-2008, pp. 613-615, 625-626 and in the prospectus of the company Somchem (South Africa), 155-mm Base Bleed Units and adopted by the authors of the proposed invention its analogue.

An artillery shell is available in two versions: with a bottom gas generator (weighing 47.2 kg and a muzzle velocity of 895 m / s) and without it (weighing 46.6 kg and a muzzle velocity of 898 m / s). The first provides a maximum firing range of 38,000 m versus 30,000 m in the second, i.e. 1.266 times as large. This is achieved by a gas generator, which is a bottom cavity of a projectile with a diameter of 140 mm (0.9 caliber) and a length of 120 mm filled with a pyrotechnic composition that burns at a speed of 4 mm / s during a flight time of a projectile of 30 s and thereby reduces the bottom air resistance of the projectile 50-70% without compromising accuracy. According to flight time (30 s), this effect is achieved when shooting with hinged trajectories and, therefore, when laying down, it will be even more significant.

Due to its energy of movement (muzzle energy> 1920000 kg · m), the M2A projectile is capable of incapacitating any type of armored equipment if it gets into it, which can be ensured during its movement only by direct fire from a distance of up to 2000 m.

This is the main disadvantage of the analogue, because at such a distance, the artillery and its combat crew will be destroyed by the fire of heavy machine guns, easel grenade launchers, small caliber artillery, etc. warring party.

The indicated disadvantage of the analogue was eliminated in the Swedish 40 mm L / 70 APFSOS-T MkI and MkII ammunition described in the Janes Ammunition Handbook, 2007-2008 pp. 278-279 and prospectuses of Bofors Weapon Sitens, PB-01-556-E-L and Bofors Defense AB. June 2002, any of which may be a prototype of the present invention.

The prototype provides an effective firing range of 1500 ... 2000 m and the safety of combat crew and automatic gun 40L / 70 by placing them behind the armor of a fairly mobile infantry vehicle, which, according to accepted terminology, refers to lightly armored vehicles and makes up the bulk of military equipment on the battlefield.

The prototype shell consists of an armor-piercing core stabilized by a four-blade caliber stabilizer, having a length of 200 mm, mounted in a detachable sectional plastic pallet and equipped with a bottom tracer. The core is made of tungsten, pointed from the front end, has a diameter of 11 mm and a mass of 200 g. Its flight time at a distance of 1,500 m does not exceed 1.1 s.

The projectile is placed in a sleeve having a length of 365 mm and containing a propellant charge weighing 0.54 kg, and together with it forms an ammunition of 520 mm in length, in which the stabilizing consoles of the core are placed behind the pallet in the cavity of the sleeve. The description of the prototype shows that it has the following disadvantages:

- the presence of the stabilizer blades, made at the same time with the core, significantly reduces the amount of armor penetration;

- a large loss of core speed, which at a distance of 1,500 m reaches 20% of its value of 1,500 m / s and accordingly reduces the value of armor penetration;

- the complexity of manufacturing a durable tungsten core is integral with the blades of its stabilizer, because this requires high accuracy of all core sizes and high frequency of all surfaces interacting with incoming air during flight. Failure to do this worsens the accuracy and accuracy of firing and requires a tracer to ensure adjustment of the source data for firing.

The prototype is designed to defeat promising more protected lightly armored vehicles, but currently in the armies of all countries there is modern equipment with an armor thickness of 20 ... 25 mm and small-caliber artillery from 20 to 30 mm. In the Russian army, this artillery is represented by 30 mm 2A38, 2A42 and 2A72 automatic guns, the length of the ammunition for which cannot exceed 293 mm, and the mass of the propellant charge in their shells does not exceed 140 g. It follows that technical solutions are implemented in these ammunition and to obtain the same indicators for muzzle velocity and armor penetration, as in the prototype, it is not possible, but to provide them with other measures the ability to overcome the armor of modern lightly armored vehicles at ranges up to 2000 m is possible.

The technical task of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of known sub-caliber armor-piercing ammunition, namely, reducing the loss of speed on the trajectory, simplifying the design and manufacturing technology and eliminating elements from the core structure that reduce armor penetration.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the known armor-piercing ammunition containing a shell with a propelling charge and a projectile, including a sectional plastic tray and a pointed armor-piercing core of high strength and density material fixed therein, the armor-piercing core is made with a length not exceeding 10 of its diameters, and equipped with a bottom gas generator, the diameter of which is 0.9 of the diameter of the core, and the burning time is not less than the flight time of the armor-piercing core for maximum efficiency th distance.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the armor-piercing ammunition for artillery of small caliber in section.

The inventive ammunition consists of a standard sleeve 1 with a propelling charge 2 and a projectile 3, consisting of a pallet 4 and an armor-piercing core 5. The connection of the sleeve 1 and the projectile 3 is made destructible when fired, for example, by crimping the wall of the barrel barrel in an annular groove on the pallet 4 of the projectile 3. A lead belt 6 is made on the pallet 4 to give the projectile the necessary angular velocity when it moves along the gun barrel and interacts with its rifling. Pallet 4, by analogy with the prototype, is made detachable and formed by 3-4 sections made of plastic and connected to the armor-piercing core 5 by a comb formed by annular grooves on the core and ring protrusions corresponding to them on sections of the pallet. To reduce the mass, the front of the pallet 4 from the leading belt 6 is hollow, and the rear of the pallet, placed in the barrel of the sleeve 1, forms a centering belt for the projectile when moving along the gun barrel. The armor-piercing core 5 is made of a material with high strength and density (residence permit, tungsten), its front end is made pointed from the condition, on the one hand, of the minimum air resistance to its flight, and on the other, which is optimal for its introduction into the armored shelling equipment at an angle of the order of 60 ° normal to armor. In the rear end of the core 5 there is a cylindrical cavity with a diameter B filled with a pyrotechnic composition 7, forming a gas generator. The diameter B, by analogy with the analogue, is made equal to 0.9 of the diameter A of the core 5, which allows the gas generator to reduce the bottom resistance of the core 5 in flight by 50-70% and thereby increase the range of the core 1.266 times compared to the same core, but without gas generator. The length B and the diameter A of the core 5 are selected from the following main considerations:

- to ensure a stable flight of the core stabilized by rotation (see the book. "Theory of flight of unguided rockets", FR Gantmakher, L. M. Levin, M., State Publishing House of Physical and Mathematical Literature, 1958, p. 237- 245) its length should not exceed 10 of its diameters;

- the length of the core should not lead to an increase in the length of the armor-piercing ammunition in excess of the length of other ammunition for a particular weapon;

- the mass of the core and its muzzle velocity are related by the condition that the maximum possible energy of the core is achieved;

- the smaller the diameter of the core, the greater the length of the pallet 4, i.e. more unproductive passive mass of the projectile.

A comprehensive solution to the above questions shows that for domestic automatic guns, for example 2A42, core 5 can have a length of up to 100 mm, a diameter of about 16-17 mm and a mass of 250-260 g when it is made from a residence permit alloy. The mass of the projectile 3 will be about 330 g, the muzzle velocity of 1080 m / s. Such a core with a working gas generator will fly 2000 m in no more than 1.6 s. Taking into account the influence of a headwind with a force of 10-15 m / s, the operating time of the gas generator should be at least 1.7 s, while the thickness of the armor pierced by it at a distance of 2000 m will be at least 56 mm normal. The firing range of 2000 m is accepted as a control, as when firing at this range, the height of the trajectory does not exceed the height of the infantry fighting vehicle.

Another advantage of the ammunition according to the invention is the high possibility of creating a fire inside an armored object when its armor is pierced with an armor-piercing core with a working gas generator, i.e. at all ranges up to 2000 m.

Claims (2)

1. Armor-piercing ammunition containing a shell with a propelling charge and a projectile, including a sectional plastic tray and a pointed armor-piercing core of high strength and density material fixed in it, characterized in that the armor-piercing core is made in a length not exceeding 10d,
where d is the core diameter, and is equipped with a bottom gas generator, the burning time of which is not less than the time of flight of the armor-piercing core to the maximum effective range. 2. Armor-piercing ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the bottom gas generator is 0.9 of the diameter of the core.